Some standard content:
ICS07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T20479—2006
Technical regulations of sand and dust storm monitoring061214000016
Issued on August 28, 2006
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on November 1, 2006
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Tasks and monitoring items
Sand and dust storm monitoring station
Monitoring environment report
Measurement Measurement methods
Data recording, processing and archiving
Quality control and quality assurance
Appendix A (normative appendix)
Appendix B (informative appendix)
Appendix C (informative appendix)
Appendix D (normative appendix)
Monitoring environment report of sandstorm weather monitoring station Technical indicators of sandstorm atmosphere monitoring instruments
Visibility calculation formula
Numerical forecast of sandstorm
GB/T 20479—2006
Appendix A and Appendix D of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix B and Appendix C are informative appendices. This standard is proposed by the China Meteorological Administration.
This standard is approved by the Policy and Regulations Department of the China Meteorological Administration. Drafting unit of this standard: Atmospheric Composition Observation and Service Center of China Meteorological Administration. Main drafters of this standard: Zhang Xiaoye, Tang Jie, Tu Yaqiang, Zhang Xiaochun, Yan Peng, Sun Junying, Shi Jianhua. GB/T20479--2006
GB/T 20479—2006
This standard is compiled on the basis of citing and referring to national standards and industry standards in accordance with the Meteorological Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Sand and Desertification. Sandstorm is a disastrous atmospheric phenomenon. It seriously threatens people's health, quality of life, economic development, and national and ecological security. In order to improve the accuracy of sandstorm forecasts, strengthen early warnings, and mitigate the impact of sandstorms, it is necessary to monitor sandstorm weather to obtain various parameters related to the occurrence, development, and changes of sandstorm atmosphere, and provide observational basis for describing sandstorm days. There are many items and methods related to sandstorm weather monitoring. In order to aim at forecasting, warning, service and optimize the methods, this standard lists the monitoring items that can be carried out in real time, long-term and stably. Other monitoring items not listed can be specified by other specifications (chapter). At the same time, due to the diversity and immaturity of satellite monitoring methods for sandstorms, this standard only compiles the monitoring specifications of ground-based sandstorm atmospheric monitoring stations. The main purpose of sandstorm weather monitoring is sandstorm forecasting and warning. In order to make the monitoring data serve the forecasting better. This standard also stipulates the relevant content of sandstorm numerical forecast in Appendix D. Visibility is an important indicator used by the member countries of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to distinguish different levels of sandstorm weather. In my country, there have been more than 50 years of data accumulation. In my country, 1 meteorological station is used as a regular observation for 1 month. It should be regarded as the basic and traditional indicator of sandstorm weather monitoring. Wind is a necessary factor for the formation of sandstorms and has an auxiliary role in the classification of sandstorm related atmosphere. Among them, the ground wind speed that is most directly related to sandstorms should be an important monitoring item. With the occurrence, development and calming of sandstorms, dust aerosol particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 40μm (DMn) can represent the vast majority of dust storm particles. They can usually be transported over long distances to form a large range of impacts. Therefore, they are selected by most scientific studies as important parameters to characterize dust storms and are also selected as the core physical quantity of the sandstorm numerical prediction system. The ideal state is to monitor DMn. When this standard is issued, there is no technical means to directly observe TM. Considering that the main component of atmospheric aerosols during sandstorms is dust aerosols, based on current observation technology, selecting the close physical quantity PM (aerosol particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 30m) for monitoring is also a feasible method to monitor this important indicator reflecting the dust storm atmosphere. Atmospheric dust (PMn) can approximately characterize dust aerosol particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 10um during sandstorms with relatively strong intensity and large impact range, and can also be regarded as a supplementary indicator after the first two monitoring indicators. At the same time, PM2.5 can be inhaled by the human body, which plays an important role in evaluating the impact of sandstorms on human health; atmospheric dust can reflect the overall characteristics of sandstorm particles that settle to the surface over a long period of time. The collected dust samples can continuously analyze the burial characteristics of sand and dust and evaluate its impact, etc., which is also a parameter related to sandstorm atmospheric monitoring; the shallow soil concentration measured in the potential source of sandstorms and under natural conditions also has a great impact on the accuracy of sandstorm numerical forecasts and is also considered as a monitoring item in sandstorm weather monitoring.
1 Scope
Sandstorm Weather Monitoring Specifications
GR/T 20479--2006
This standard specifies the work tasks, monitoring items, monitoring methods, operation technical specifications, data recording and archiving of information, quality control and assurance, and contents related to sandstorm numerical forecasts. This standard applies to the sandstorm atmosphere monitoring work carried out at fixed sites and the sandstorm numerical forecasting work associated with it. It can be used as a reference for sandstorm weather monitoring work carried out using other methods and observation platforms. Normative reference documents
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all referenced documents with a date, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties that have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all referenced documents without a date, the latest versions are applicable to this standard. G13/T6921-1986 Determination method of atmospheric suspended dust concentration (FB3/T[5265~-1994 Determination of ambient air dust by weight method QX2--2000 Technical specification for lightning protection of new generation weather radar station QX3-2000 Specification for lightning electromagnetic pulse protection of meteorological information system QX4--2000 Technical specification for lightning protection of meteorological station (station) Specification for ground meteorological observation
Specification for agricultural meteorological observation
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Suspended dust
Dust and fine sand are suspended in the air, making the horizontal visibility less than 10 km. 3.2
Blowing sand and
The wind blows up the ground dust and makes the air quite turbid, with a horizontal visibility of 1 km~10 km or less, 3.3
sand and dust storm
wind blows up a lot of dust on the ground, making the air very turbid, and the horizontal visibility is less than 1km, 3.4
severe sand and dust storm
strong sand and dust storm
strong wind blows up dust on the ground, making the air very turbid, and the horizontal visibility is less than 500m. Note: strong wind* generally refers to wind level 8~9, that is, the wind speed is less than 17.2m/%, less than 24.5m/s. 3.5
extreme severe sand and dust storm
extreme Stornt is an atmospheric phenomenon in which a strong wind blows up a large amount of dust on the ground, making the air extremely mixed and the horizontal visibility less than 50m. Note: \Strong wind generally refers to wind force greater than level 10, that is, wind speed greater than 24.5m/s.1
GB/T20479—2006
Sand and dust storm weather sand and dust storm weather is a general term for floating dust, blowing sand, sandstorm, strong sandstorm and extremely strong sandstorm. 3.7
Visibility
Visibility is expressed in meteorological optical range. Meteorological optical range refers to the path length that a parallel light beam with a color temperature of 2700K emitted by an incandescent lamp passes through when it is weakened to 5% of the initial value in the atmosphere. Note: It is usually measured in km (see "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications"). 3.8
40μm sand and dust particle matter with diameter less than 40μm DMA
aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to
30μm aerosol particles
dust aerosol particles with a diameter less than or equal to
40m
partide
matter W
withdiame
aerodynamic equivalent diameterthan30μn
Dum aerosol particles.
, greater than or equal to 30
atmospheric dust airborne particulate matter PMis
also known as inhalable particulates, refers to atmospheric aerosol particles with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 10μm.
Atmospheric dustfalldustfal
Aerosol particles collected in the dust collecting cylinder mainly through dry and wet deposition processes3.12
Shallow soil moisture
Surface soil moisture
The degree of dryness and wetness within a depth of 0~~10cm.
Note: It is expressed as the mass fraction of soil bag moisture content (mass point increase in dry weight (mass).4 Work tasks and monitoring items
4.1 Work tasks
Atmospheric monitoring data and record materials
Record, review and submit sandstorm weather
Regularly prepare monitoring environment reports:
Maintain and expand sandstorm weather monitoring sites;
Correctly use, maintain, send for repair and inspection of sandstorm weather monitoring instruments; Regularly update the input parameters of the sandstorm numerical forecast system, and submit model operation operations on time; Carry out quality control and quality assurance activities for monitoring, and regularly Compile and archive the sandstorm weather monitoring and numerical forecast data. Monitoring items
Visibility;
30μm aerosol (PMe) particle concentration; atmospheric dust (PM) concentration;
Atmospheric dustfall:
Shallow soil moisture;
f) Ground wind speed,
5 Sandstorm weather monitoring station
GB/T20479-—2006
The sandstorm weather monitoring station is the place to complete various ground-based sandstorm weather monitoring work. Atmospheric horizontal visibility, atmospheric dust concentration, and ground wind speed are the necessary observation items. 5.1 Site selection and observation environment
The sandstorm atmospheric monitoring station should be located in the main area affected by sandstorm weather, and should be located at a high place relative to the local altitude (preferably 10m1000m above the local surface). Observation stations set up on relatively flat surfaces within human range should be built on tall buildings or elevated observation platforms such as iron towers; when setting up observation stations in cities, they should be built on the top of buildings. In principle, the distance between the building and the surrounding obstacles should be greater than 10 times the height of the obstacles, so that the observation results can represent the average conditions of sand and dust in a larger range or region as much as possible. The terrain around the station should be open and gentle, and local circulation caused by complex terrain or areas prone to forming stable inversion layers should be avoided as much as possible, and the influence of aerosol particles released by various local activities should be avoided as much as possible. The environment of the ground observation site should also comply with the requirements of the "Meteorological Law of the People's Republic of China" and the laws, regulations and normative documents on meteorological observation environment protection in the region, and be protected according to law. 5.2 Observation Site
When terrain, environment and other conditions permit, the area of the ground observation site should be no less than 7m (east-west direction) × 10m (north-south direction) as much as possible, and a non-reflective sparse fill fence should be set for protection. The site should be flat and have a uniform grass layer with a height of no more than 20cm (except for areas without grass). A 0.3
m~0.5m wide path should be built in the observation field, and a cable trench (pipe) for laying cables should be built. The station set up on the top of the building should be higher than other buildings and facilities on the roof. The observation field should have
observation houses (it is advisable to use observation huts made of refrigerated panels). The observation houses should have space for properly placing instruments and equipment, and have basic conditions such as voltage-stabilizing and filtering power supply, temperature control, and necessary lightning protection and fire protection to ensure the normal operation of observation instruments: Lightning protection and grounding facilities (grounding resistance should not be greater than 50) should be built in the observation site. 5.3 Instruments and Equipment
The layout of instruments and facilities should pay attention to not affecting each other to facilitate observation operations. Instrument placement and lightning protection standards refer to the "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications" and meteorological industry standards (Q:
2000, Qx32000, Qx4-2000). 5.4 Guarantee system
is the basic logistics condition, and has stable electricity, fixed observation personnel, convenient transportation and safe and fast observation stations should have
data and information transmission channels
6 Monitoring environment report
6.1 Filling time
Before the sandstorm weather monitoring station carries out dust storm weather monitoring, it should conduct a survey of the surrounding environment and fill in the monitoring environment report. Fill in a monitoring environment report at the beginning of each year: modify, supplement or confirm the original There should be content, timely record and reflect the changes of important surrounding pollution sources and other observed environments. At other times, when the environment changes significantly, the state environmental report should be added in time. Photos of the surrounding environment should be retained. 6.2 Content and format
The content, format and filling instructions of the monitoring environment report are shown in Appendix A. 7 Measurement method
7.1 Visibility
7.1.1 Measurement elements
Visibility (instrument measurement).
7.1.2 Measuring instrument
Transmission type visibility meter or scattering type visibility meter. It is recommended to use a forward scattering meter. See Appendix B for instrument technical indicators and Appendix C for visibility calculation.
GB/T 20479--2006
7.1.3 Calibration
Calibrate with standard scatterer.
7.1.4 Measurement method and result expression
Measurement method: continuous measurement.
Result expression: atmospheric visibility, hourly average value, accurate to 0.01km, 7.230μm atmospheric aerosol (PM3) concentration 7. 2. 1 Measurement elements
30μm atmospheric aerosol (PM,) concentration.
7.2.2 Measuring instrument
Laser 90° scattering atmospheric particulate matter monitor. Instrument technical indicators are shown in Appendix 13. 7.2.3 Calibration
Use standard mass flowmeter (Ultra 1) to calibrate the sample flow controller, once a year 7.2. 4 Measurement method and result expression
Measurement method: continuous measurement!
Result expression: hourly average mass concentration. Expressed in μ/m (standard state), accurate to 1 \g/m. 7.3 Atmospheric dust (PM)
7.3.1 Residual element
Mass concentration of atmospheric dust (PM).
7.3.2 Measuring instrument
β-ray atmospheric aerosol particle monitor or cone tube oscillation microbalance atmospheric aerosol particle monitor, equipped with 10μI1 sampling cutter: or laser 90° irradiation atmospheric particle monitor, instrument technical indicators see Appendix B. The performance indicators of the sampling cutter meet the relevant requirements of G13/T 6921-1986. 7.3.3 Calibration
β-ray atmospheric aerosol particle monitor or laser 90\ scattering atmospheric particle monitor: use a standard mass flowmeter (better than 1%) to calibrate the sampling flow controller, boat year·time. Micro-flat atmospheric aerosol particle monitor: Use standard mass filter membrane to calibrate the mass sensor, with a mass flow accuracy of 0.00001%, once a year. Use standard mass flowmeter (better than 0.5%) to calibrate the sampling flow controller and bypass flow controller, once a year.
7.3.4 Measurement method and result expression
Measurement method: continuous measurement. bZxz.net
Result expression: hourly average mass concentration, expressed in ug/m (standard state), accurate to 1g/m. 7.4 Atmospheric dustfall
7.4.1 Measurement elements
The load intensity of atmospheric dustfall, that is, the mass of aerosol particles settled from the air per unit area per unit time. 7.4.2 Measuring instrument
Refer to GR/T 15265--1304. 7.4.3 Calibration
Refer to GR/T 15265-1991.
7.4.4 Measurement method and result expression
Measurement method: Every February 1st and May 31st, the dust collecting cylinder shall be replaced regularly once (1±2) days, and the time for replacing the cylinder shall be 8:00 to 8:30 on the first day of each month. In the rest of the months, the dust collecting cylinder shall be replaced regularly once a month (30±2) hours,The time for changing the cylinder is from 8:00 to 8:30 on the first day of each month.
The result is expressed as: the mass of aerosol particles deposited on the area per square kilometer per month (calculated as 30 days per month), in units of t/(km2, 30d), retaining one decimal place, and the calculation method of the measurement result is carried out in accordance with GB/T15265-1994. 7.5 Shallow soil moisture
7. 5. 1 Measurement elements
Shallow soil moisture. That is, the weight water content of the soil within D--10 cm depth. 7. 5. 2 Measurement method
Drying weighing method (manual measurement) or frequency domain reflection method (instrument measurement), 7.5.3 Instruments and equipment
a) Drying weighing method:
Main drill, soil box, scraper, tray balance, oven, etc. h) Instrument measurement:
Frequency domain reflection method soil moisture measuring instrument.
7.5.4 Calibration
GB/T 20479—2006
a) Drying and weighing: The weighing balance should be sent to the measurement department for calibration regularly. The first time it is taken out each year, the weight should be in grams () and one decimal place should be taken.
Frequency domain reflection method soil moisture measuring instrument: Calibration is carried out once a year. Calibration is carried out on the field or grassland with the same soil texture as the upper soil where the soil humidity sensor is installed. Four measuring points are selected and different irrigation treatments are carried out. At any measuring point, the weight water content of the upper soil is measured by the frequency domain reflection method. At the same time, around each measuring point 13cm, soil samples of each calibration layer are taken with a soil collecting pin and their weight water content is measured by the drying and weighing method. 7.5.5 Measurement method and result expression
a) Drying and weighing method:
Measurement method: Measurement is carried out once on the third and eighth days of each ten days. The measurement method and procedure shall refer to the "Specifications for Agricultural Meteorological Observation"
Results: expressed in soil moisture (%), updated every sentence. Frequency domain reflectometry soil moisture measuring instrument:
Measurement method: continuous measurement.
Results: expressed in soil moisture (%). 7.6 Ground wind speed
7.6.1 Measurement elements
Wind speed at about 10 m above the ground.
7.6.2 Measuring instruments
Refer to the "Specifications for Ground Meteorological Observation". 7.6.3 Calibration and maintenance
Refer to the "Specifications for Ground Meteorological Observation" 7.6.4 Measurement method and result expression
Measurement method: continuous measurement,
Results: The average horizontal distance of air moving in the unit room, the unit is water millisecond (m/s). 8 Data recording, processing and archiving
8.1 Scope of data recording
The data of dust storm monitoring include: visibility, 30μm PMsc particle concentration, atmospheric dust (IMl: concentration, dustfall, shallow soil moisture and ground wind speed measurement record data, monitoring records and calibration data records. 8.2 Time of data recording
All records are recorded in international time, 24h system. GB/T20479-2006
The recording time of continuous measurement is the end time of the measurement period. If the recording time is the time of the alternation of the period, it is recorded as 24:00 of the past day.
8.3 Method of data recording and file naming regulations All measurement data must be recorded in accordance with the regulations The measurement data file is formatted in ASCII text format. Monitoring records and calibration data records must be kept in paper form.
The naming format of the measurement data file is:
Z_SAND_xxx_C5_cccc_yyyyMMddhhmmss.TXTZ
yyyyMMddhhmmss
Regional product identifier generated by each meteorological center, identifying the actual type of data in the file as sandstorm weather data. Abbreviation of the observation item type. Its body code is as follows VIS
Atmospheric visibility:
30m atmospheric aerosol concentration,
Airborne dust mass concentration;
Gaosi inlaid humidity
Airborne dust load ：
Ground wind speed
Indicates the use of 5-digit area station code
Monitoring station area station number
File generation time (fixed length, international time): Invalid bits are filled with "0", indicating hours: mm-
Indicates year; MM
Indicates month: dd
Indicates date; hh-
Minutes; ss
Indicates seconds
All letters in the file name are capitalized. Monitoring records and calibration data records are in tabular form. Indicates
8.4 Measurement data file format and transmission
The measurement data file adopts SCII text format. The first line in the file is the file header, separated by spaces, and is the area station number, longitude, latitude, Altitude, instrument data collection time interval: starting from the second row, the data are arranged in rows in chronological order. The first column of the data row is the data collection time, followed by specific data. The order of the instrument's automatic data collection requires that the data be transmitted once every hour, and the observation data of atmospheric dustfall and artificial soil moisture observation data are transmitted once every hour.
8.5 Storage and filing of monitoring data
Sandstorm weather monitoring records should be filled in with black and blue ink, and the handwriting should be clear and neat. If errors are found during proofreading, the entire group of erroneous records should be crossed out, and the correct record should be written on the upper side. No alterations should be made in the record book. Electronic data should be backed up at the monitoring station. All monitoring records must be regularly compiled, kept by the sandstorm weather monitoring station, and regularly filed. 9 Quality control and quality assurance
Improve the quality management system
Formulate the station duty system, instrument safe use (operation) management system, monitoring information and archives management system, and monitoring work quality inspection system.
9.2 Instrument calibration and standard transfer
Establish in-station and out-station instrument standards, calibrate and inspect instruments regularly, ensure accurate transfer of relevant value standards, and carry out instrument comparison activities between stations.
9.3 Data validity check
For manual measurement items within the station, it is necessary to make a measurement quality control chart, and determine the upper and lower limits of the station's re-measurement according to the extreme value statistical indicators of the quality control chart.
For instrument monitoring data, professionals shall conduct daily inspections, audits, and determine its validity. 6
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationA.1Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring Station (See Table A.1)Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationTable A.1
Soil Type of Monitoring Station
Precipitation/mm
Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/m/Effect
Secondary Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/(msEnvironmental Diagram around Sampling Point 50m
Orientation (North is 0)
Surrounding Soil
Land use
Remarks:
East (45°~135\)
South (135225°)
West (225°315)
North (315°-~45°)
District station number
Within 5km
5km~-10km
Fill in month and date
Altitude
GB/T20479—2006
10km--20km
20km~50kmAt 13 cm around each measuring point, use a soil pin to take soil samples from each inlet layer and measure their weight and moisture content by drying and weighing method. 7.5.5 Measurement method and result expression
a) Drying and weighing method:
Measurement method: Take measurements once on the third and eighth day of each ten-day period. The measurement method and procedure shall refer to the "Agricultural Meteorological Observation Specifications"
Result expression: Expressed as soil moisture content (%), updated once every sentence. Frequency domain reflection method soil moisture measuring instrument:
Measurement method: Continuous measurement.
Result expression: Expressed as soil moisture content (%). 7.6 Ground wind speed
7. 6. 1 Measurement elements
Wind speed at about 10 m above the ground.
7.6.2 Measuring instruments
Refer to the "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications". 7.6.3 Calibration and maintenance
Refer to the "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications" for implementation. 7.6.4 Measurement method and result expression
Measurement method: continuous measurement,
Result expression: the average horizontal distance of air movement in the unit room, the unit is water level second (Ⅱ/). 8 Data recording, processing and archiving
8.1 Scope of data recording
The data of dust storm monitoring include: visibility, 30μm PMsc particle concentration, atmospheric dust (IMl: concentration, dustfall, shallow soil moisture and ground wind speed measurement record data, monitoring records and calibration data records. 8.2 Time of data recording
All records are recorded in international time, 24h system. GB/T20479-2006
The recording time of continuous measurement is the end time of the measurement period. If the recording time is the time of the alternation of the period, it is recorded as 24:00 of the past day.
8.3 Method of data recording and file naming regulations All measurement data must be recorded in accordance with the regulations The measurement data file is formatted in ASCII text format. Monitoring records and calibration data records must be kept in paper form.
The naming format of the measurement data file is:
Z_SAND_xxx_C5_cccc_yyyyMMddhhmmss.TXTZ
yyyyMMddhhmmss
Regional product identifier generated by each meteorological center, identifying the actual type of data in the file as sandstorm weather data. Abbreviation of the observation item type. Its body code is as follows VIS
Atmospheric visibility:
30m atmospheric aerosol concentration,
Airborne dust mass concentration;
Gaosi inlaid humidity
Airborne dust load ：
Ground wind speed
Indicates the use of 5-digit area station code
Monitoring station area station number
File generation time (fixed length, international time): Invalid bits are filled with "0", indicating hours: mm-
Indicates year; MM
Indicates month: dd
Indicates date; hh-
Minutes; ss
Indicates seconds
All letters in the file name are capitalized. Monitoring records and calibration data records are in tabular form. Indicates
8.4 Measurement data file format and transmission
The measurement data file adopts SCII text format. The first line in the file is the file header, separated by spaces, and is the area station number, longitude, latitude, Altitude, instrument data collection time interval: starting from the second row, the data are arranged in rows in chronological order. The first column of the data row is the data collection time, followed by specific data. The order of the instrument's automatic data collection requires that the data be transmitted once every hour, and the observation data of atmospheric dustfall and artificial soil moisture observation data are transmitted once every hour.
8.5 Storage and filing of monitoring data
Sandstorm weather monitoring records should be filled in with black and blue ink, and the handwriting should be clear and neat. If errors are found during proofreading, the entire group of erroneous records should be crossed out, and the correct record should be written on the upper side. No alterations should be made in the record book. Electronic data should be backed up at the monitoring station. All monitoring records must be regularly compiled, kept by the sandstorm weather monitoring station, and regularly filed. 9 Quality control and quality assurance
Improve the quality management system
Formulate the station duty system, instrument safe use (operation) management system, monitoring information and archives management system, and monitoring work quality inspection system.
9.2 Instrument calibration and standard transfer
Establish in-station and out-station instrument standards, calibrate and inspect instruments regularly, ensure accurate transfer of relevant value standards, and carry out instrument comparison activities between stations.
9.3 Data validity check
For manual measurement items within the station, it is necessary to make a measurement quality control chart, and determine the upper and lower limits of the station's re-measurement according to the extreme value statistical indicators of the quality control chart.
For instrument monitoring data, professionals shall conduct daily inspections, audits, and determine its validity. 6
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationA.1Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring Station (See Table A.1)Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationTable A.1
Soil Type of Monitoring Station
Precipitation/mm
Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/m/Effect
Secondary Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/(msEnvironmental Diagram around Sampling Point 50m
Orientation (North is 0)
Surrounding Soil
Land use
Remarks:
East (45°~135\)
South (135225°)
West (225°315)
North (315°-~45°)
District station number
Within 5km
5km~-10km
Fill in month and date
Altitude
GB/T20479—2006
10km--20km
20km~50kmAt 13 cm around each measuring point, use a soil pin to take soil samples from each inlet layer and measure their weight and moisture content by drying and weighing method. 7.5.5 Measurement method and result expression
a) Drying and weighing method:
Measurement method: Take measurements once on the third and eighth day of each ten-day period. The measurement method and procedure shall refer to the "Agricultural Meteorological Observation Specifications"
Result expression: Expressed as soil moisture content (%), updated once every sentence. Frequency domain reflection method soil moisture measuring instrument:
Measurement method: Continuous measurement.
Result expression: Expressed as soil moisture content (%). 7.6 Ground wind speed
7. 6. 1 Measurement elements
Wind speed at about 10 m above the ground.
7.6.2 Measuring instruments
Refer to the "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications". 7.6.3 Calibration and maintenance
Refer to the "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications" for implementation. 7.6.4 Measurement method and result expression
Measurement method: continuous measurement,
Result expression: the average horizontal distance of air movement in the unit room, the unit is water level second (Ⅱ/). 8 Data recording, processing and archiving
8.1 Scope of data recording
The data of dust storm monitoring include: visibility, 30μm PMsc particle concentration, atmospheric dust (IMl: concentration, dustfall, shallow soil moisture and ground wind speed measurement record data, monitoring records and calibration data records. 8.2 Time of data recording
All records are recorded in international time, 24h system. GB/T20479-2006
The recording time of continuous measurement is the end time of the measurement period. If the recording time is the time of the alternation of the period, it is recorded as 24:00 of the past day.
8.3 Method of data recording and file naming regulations All measurement data must be recorded in accordance with the regulations The measurement data file is formatted in ASCII text format. Monitoring records and calibration data records must be kept in paper form.
The naming format of the measurement data file is:
Z_SAND_xxx_C5_cccc_yyyyMMddhhmmss.TXTZ
yyyyMMddhhmmss
Regional product identifier generated by each meteorological center, identifying the actual type of data in the file as sandstorm weather data. Abbreviation of the observation item type. Its body code is as follows VIS
Atmospheric visibility:
30m atmospheric aerosol concentration,
Airborne dust mass concentration;
Gaosi inlaid humidity
Airborne dust load ：
Ground wind speed
Indicates the use of 5-digit area station code
Monitoring station area station number
File generation time (fixed length, international time): Invalid bits are filled with "0", indicating hours: mm-
Indicates year; MM
Indicates month: dd
Indicates date; hh-
Minutes; ss
Indicates seconds
All letters in the file name are capitalized. Monitoring records and calibration data records are in tabular form. Indicates
8.4 Measurement data file format and transmission
The measurement data file adopts SCII text format. The first line in the file is the file header, separated by spaces, and is the area station number, longitude, latitude, Altitude, instrument data collection time interval: starting from the second row, the data are arranged in rows in chronological order. The first column of the data row is the data collection time, followed by specific data. The order of the instrument's automatic data collection requires that the data be transmitted once every hour, and the observation data of atmospheric dustfall and artificial soil moisture observation data are transmitted once every hour.
8.5 Storage and filing of monitoring data
Sandstorm weather monitoring records should be filled in with black and blue ink, and the handwriting should be clear and neat. If errors are found during proofreading, the entire group of erroneous records should be crossed out, and the correct record should be written on the upper side. No alterations should be made in the record book. Electronic data should be backed up at the monitoring station. All monitoring records must be regularly compiled, kept by the sandstorm weather monitoring station, and regularly filed. 9 Quality control and quality assurance
Improve the quality management system
Formulate the station duty system, instrument safe use (operation) management system, monitoring information and archives management system, and monitoring work quality inspection system.
9.2 Instrument calibration and standard transfer
Establish in-station and out-station instrument standards, calibrate and inspect instruments regularly, ensure accurate transfer of relevant value standards, and carry out instrument comparison activities between stations.
9.3 Data validity check
For manual measurement items within the station, it is necessary to make a measurement quality control chart, and determine the upper and lower limits of the station's re-measurement according to the extreme value statistical indicators of the quality control chart.
For instrument monitoring data, professionals shall conduct daily inspections, audits, and determine its validity. 6
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationA.1Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring Station (See Table A.1)Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationTable A.1
Soil Type of Monitoring Station
Precipitation/mm
Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/m/Effect
Secondary Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/(msEnvironmental Diagram around Sampling Point 50m
Orientation (North is 0)
Surrounding Soil
Land use
Remarks:
East (45°~135\)
South (135225°)
West (225°315)
North (315°-~45°)
District station number
Within 5km
5km~-10km
Fill in month and date
Altitude
GB/T20479—2006
10km--20km
20km~50kmTXTZ
yyyyMMddhhmmss
The regional product identifier generated by each meteorological center, which identifies the actual type of data in the file as sandstorm weather data. Abbreviation of observation item type. Its body code is as followsVIS
Atmospheric visibility:
30m atmospheric aerosol concentration,
Airborne dust mass concentration;
Gauss humidity
Airborne dust load:
Surface wind speed
Indicates the use of 5-bit area station code
Monitoring station area station number
Item generation time (fixed length, international time): invalid bits are filled with "0", indicating hours: mm-
Indicates year; MM
Indicates month: dd
Indicates date; hh-
Minutes; ss
Indicates seconds
All letters in the file name are capitalized. Monitoring records and calibration data records are in table form.
8.4 Measurement data file format and transmission
Measurement data files are in SCII text format. The first line in the file is the file header, separated by spaces, and is followed by the station number, longitude, latitude, altitude, instrument data collection time interval: starting from the second line, the data is arranged in rows in chronological order. The first column of the data row is the data collection time, followed by specific data. The instrument is required to transmit data once every hour, and the observation data of atmospheric dust fall and artificial soil moisture observation data are transmitted once every hour.
8.5 Storage and archiving of monitoring data
Sandstorm weather monitoring records should be filled in with black and blue ink, and the handwriting should be clear and neat. If errors are found during proofreading, the entire group of erroneous records should be crossed out, and the correct record should be written on the upper side. No alterations should be made in the record book. Electronic data should be backed up at the monitoring station. All monitoring records must be regularly compiled, kept by the sandstorm weather monitoring station, and archived regularly. 9 Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Improve the Quality Management System
Establish the on-site duty system, the instrument safe use (operation) management system, the monitoring information and archives management system, and the monitoring work quality inspection system.
9.2 Instrument Calibration and Standard Transfer
Establish the instrument standards inside and outside the station, calibrate and inspect the instruments regularly, ensure the accurate transfer of the relevant value standards, and carry out instrument comparison activities between stations.
9.3 Data Validity Check
For the manual measurement items within the station, it is necessary to make a measurement quality control chart, and determine the upper and lower limits of the station re-measurement according to the extreme value statistical indicators of the quality control chart.
For the instrument monitoring data, professional personnel shall conduct daily inspections, audits, and determine its validity. 6
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationA.1Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring Station (See Table A.1)Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationTable A.1
Soil Type of Monitoring Station
Precipitation/mm
Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/m/Effect
Secondary Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/(msEnvironmental Diagram around Sampling Point 50m
Orientation (North is 0)
Surrounding Soil
Land use
Remarks:
East (45°~135\)
South (135225°)
West (225°315)
North (315°-~45°)
District station number
Within 5km
5km~-10km
Fill in month and date
Altitude
GB/T20479—2006
10km--20km
20km~50kmTXTZ
yyyyMMddhhmmss
The regional product identifier generated by each meteorological center, which identifies the actual type of data in the file as sandstorm weather data. Abbreviation of observation item type. Its body code is as followsVIS
Atmospheric visibility:
30m atmospheric aerosol concentration,
Airborne dust mass concentration;
Gauss humidity
Airborne dust load:
Surface wind speed
Indicates the use of 5-bit area station code
Monitoring station area station number
Item generation time (fixed length, international time): invalid bits are filled with "0", indicating hours: mm-
Indicates year; MM
Indicates month: dd
Indicates date; hh-
Minutes; ss
Indicates seconds
All letters in the file name are capitalized. Monitoring records and calibration data records are in table form.
8.4 Measurement data file format and transmission
Measurement data files are in SCII text format. The first line in the file is the file header, separated by spaces, and is followed by the station number, longitude, latitude, altitude, instrument data collection time interval: starting from the second line, the data is arranged in rows in chronological order. The first column of the data row is the data collection time, followed by specific data. The instrument is required to transmit data once every hour, and the observation data of atmospheric dust fall and artificial soil moisture observation data are transmitted once every hour.
8.5 Storage and archiving of monitoring data
Sandstorm weather monitoring records should be filled in with black and blue ink, and the handwriting should be clear and neat. If errors are found during proofreading, the entire group of erroneous records should be crossed out, and the correct record should be written on the upper side. No alterations should be made in the record book. Electronic data should be backed up at the monitoring station. All monitoring records must be regularly compiled, kept by the sandstorm weather monitoring station, and archived regularly. 9 Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Improve the Quality Management System
Establish the on-site duty system, the instrument safe use (operation) management system, the monitoring information and archives management system, and the monitoring work quality inspection system.
9.2 Instrument Calibration and Standard Transfer
Establish the instrument standards inside and outside the station, calibrate and inspect the instruments regularly, ensure the accurate transfer of the relevant value standards, and carry out instrument comparison activities between stations.
9.3 Data Validity Check
For the manual measurement items within the station, it is necessary to make a measurement quality control chart, and determine the upper and lower limits of the station re-measurement according to the extreme value statistical indicators of the quality control chart.
For the instrument monitoring data, professional personnel shall conduct daily inspections, audits, and determine its validity. 6
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationA.1Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring Station (See Table A.1)Monitoring Environment Report of Sandstorm Weather Monitoring StationTable A.1
Soil Type of Monitoring Station
Precipitation/mm
Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/m/Effect
Secondary Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Frequency/%, Wind Speed/(msEnvironmental Diagram around Sampling Point 50m
Orientation (North is 0)
Surrounding Soil
Land use
Remarks:
East (45°~135\)
South (135225°)
West (225°315)
North (315°-~45°)
District station number
Within 5km
5km~-10km
Fill in month and date
Altitude
GB/T20479—2006
10km--20km
20km~50km
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