This standard applies to the following two types of standard batteries used as electromotive force standards, namely: saturated standard batteries; unsaturated standard batteries. This standard does not apply to batteries used as international electromotive force reference devices or national electromotive force reference devices; devices consisting of a temperature-controlled box containing one or more standard batteries; and electromotive force sources that provide current. GB 3929-1983 Standard Batteries GB3929-1983 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net
This standard applies to the following two types of standard batteries used as electromotive force standards, namely: saturated standard batteries; unsaturated standard batteries. This standard does not apply to batteries used as international electromotive force reference devices or national electromotive force reference devices; devices consisting of a temperature-controlled box containing one or more standard batteries; and electromotive force sources that provide current.

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Standard cells
Standard cells
UDC 621.352(083
GB 3929-83
AIEC 428
This standard is equivalent to the International Electromotive Force (IEC) Publication No. 428 (1973) "Standard cells". 1 Scope
1.1 This standard applies to the following two types of standard cells used as electromotive force standards, namely: saturated standard cells and unsaturated standard cells.
1.2 This standard does not apply to
Batteries used as international electromotive force standards or national electromotive force standards; devices consisting of a temperature-controlled box containing one or more standard cells, providing an electromotive force source for current.
2 Definition
2.1 Saturated standard cells
Batteries used as electromotive force standards, their The positive electrode is water, the negative electrode is cadmium amalgam, the positive electrode is covered with a layer of mercurous sulfate (Hg2SO4) paste, and the electrolyte is a saturated aqueous solution of cadmium sulfate. Due to the presence of 3CdSO4·8H2O crystals in the electrolyte, the electrolyte is always saturated in the entire operating temperature range of the battery. Note: A small amount of sulfuric acid can be present in the electrolyte to improve the electrical stability of the battery. 2.2 Unsaturated standard battery
As a battery used as an electromotive force standard, its positive electrode is mercury, and the negative electrode is cadmium amalgam. The positive electrode is covered with a layer of mercurous sulfate paste, and the electrolyte is an unsaturated aqueous solution of cadmium sulfate. The electrolyte remains unsaturated in the entire operating temperature range of the battery. Note: () Electrolysis The electrolyte may contain a small amount of sulfuric acid to improve the electrical stability of the battery. ② At the lower limit of the battery operating temperature range, the electrolyte may gradually become saturated. 2.3 Reference temperature range
2.3.1 For saturated standard batteries: Within the temperature range specified by the manufacturer, the difference between the actual measured value of the battery electromotive force and the electromotive force value determined by the formula in Article 5.3 shall not exceed 50% of the corresponding grade index value. 2.3.2 For unsaturated standard batteries: Within the temperature range specified by the manufacturer, the difference between the actual measured value of the battery electromotive force and the electromotive force value at the calibration temperature shall not exceed 50% of the corresponding grade index value. 2.4 Electromotive force calibration Fixed valuewwW.bzxz.Net
The electromotive force value given in the test report. 2.5 Test temperature
The temperature given in the test report for determining the electromotive force test value. 2.6 Temperature hysteresis
The residual difference between two or more electromotive force measurements of the same battery under the same temperature conditions before and after a temperature cycle period within a specified range (see Appendix). 2.7 Deviation of electromotive force (relative to the test value) The difference between the electromotive force value measured at the test temperature and the test value. Issued by the National Bureau of Standards on November 8, 1983
Implemented on June 1, 1984
2.8 Accuracy level
GB 3929-83
This is a classification method for standard batteries, which means that within a certain period of time, batteries of the same level have the same stability. The stability of a standard battery is defined as the maximum permissible deviation of the electromotive force within one year from the date of the first calibration under the specified conditions of use and maintenance.
2.9 Grade index
A number indicating the accuracy grade.
2.10 Operating temperature range
The temperature range to which the battery can withstand and still meet the requirements of this standard. 2.11 Allowable discharge capacity
The possible discharge (or charge) quantity (in coulombs) when the difference between the electromotive force value measured immediately before discharge (or charge) and the electromotive force value measured after a specified time after discharge (or charge) does not exceed a specified value. Note: Possible discharge is:
①) or the decay caused by the discharge of a small amount of electricity in normal use of the standard battery (see 8.1.1). ②) or a larger discharge capacity that may be caused by accidental reasons (see 8.1.2). 2.12 Allowable cumulative discharge capacity
The absolute value of all the electricity (including accidental discharge) that can be discharged or absorbed by the battery (in coulombs) under the premise of meeting all requirements related to the battery accuracy grade (8.1.3). 3 Battery classification
Standard batteries that comply with this standard are classified as follows: 3.1 Classification by type
Saturated battery: Unsaturated battery.
3.2 Classification according to the accuracy grade defined in Article 2.8: The grade index listed in Table 1 is used to indicate that the battery belongs to a certain grade. There are two permitted methods for expressing the standard battery grade index, both of which are related to the deviation value of the electromotive force, one is expressed as a percentage, such as 0.0002%, and the other is expressed in parts per million (ppm), such as 2 parts per million (2Ppm). When expressing the standard battery grade index, any one of the methods or both can be used. Grade index for standard battery
Battery type
Saturated
Unsaturated
) Expressed in %
Expressed in ppm
Expressed in %
Expressed in ppm"
4 Operating temperature range of standard battery
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the operating temperature range of the battery is: for saturated standard battery: 10~40℃, for unsaturated standard battery: 4~40℃. 36
5 Electromotive force of standard battery
GB3929-83
5.1 The verification value and verification temperature of the electromotive force of the standard battery shall be explained by the manufacturer or the laboratory conducting the verification, and the uncertainty of the measurement shall also be indicated.
Note: Usually the verification temperature of the standard battery is: 20℃, 25℃ or 28℃, but it can also be manufactured according to the needs of the user! Or with the agreement of the supplier, any temperature within the working temperature range can be used for calibration. 5.2 The calibration value of the electromotive force of the standard battery at 20°C should not exceed the following range: for saturated standard batteries: 1.01854~1.01873V for unsaturated standard batteries: 1.0188～1.0196V 5.3 To determine the electromotive force value of the saturated standard battery within the reference temperature range, the formula (1) should be used: E, =E+ [a (t-t) +b(t-t)2+c(t-t)3] Where: E--the electromotive force value of the standard battery at temperature t (V) Et,--the electromotive force value of the standard battery at temperature t (V), t--the temperature when the electromotive force value is determined (°C), t1--the calibration temperature (°C).
The characteristic values ​​α, b and c of the standard cell, as well as the value of the temperature t, are given by the manufacturer (see 10.4i) (1)
5. For unsaturated standard cells, the difference between the electromotive force at any temperature within the operating temperature range and the electromotive force at the calibration temperature shall not exceed 100% of the corresponding grade index value. 6 Limit deviation values ​​of electromotive force during one year The limit deviation values ​​of electromotive force expressed in percentage (%) and parts per million ppm during the one-year period from the date of first calibration are shown in Table 2.
Limit deviation values ​​of electromotive force during one year
Grade index
Limit deviation
Grade index
Limit deviation
Note: This standard only specifies the limit deviation for one year from the date of first calibration, but it is recommended to recalibrate the standard cell regularly throughout its service life.
7 Test conditions for verification
General conditions
7.1.1 The battery can be verified only after it has undergone the aging process specified by the manufacturer. 7.1.2 The test of the standard battery should be able to be carried out in any placement position specified by the manufacturer or supplier. If the manufacturer does not specify the placement position of the battery, it is allowed to test in any placement position. 37
7.2 The conditions for determining the electromotive force are as follows:
GB 3929-83
7.2.1 Before the test, the battery must have a stabilization period during which no current can pass through the battery. The stabilization period is specified by the manufacturer.
The stabilization temperature and the measurement temperature should be the same. For convenience, they should not differ from the verification temperature by more than ±0.5℃. From the measured electromotive force value, the electromotive force corresponding to the verification temperature can be obtained by combining the formula in Article 5.3. The temperature tolerances applicable to stabilization and measurement are shown in Table 3. Note: Generally speaking, the stabilization period should not be too short. It may take several weeks to ensure that the battery is in a stable state. Table 3 Permissible error in stabilization and measurement temperature Grade Index
Battery type
Unsaturated type
Permissible error in stabilization and measurement temperature () ±0.01 *
If the tested battery and the standard battery to be compared are placed in the same constant temperature chamber, this permissible error can be increased to ±0.02℃, because the temperature effect on the electromotive force of these two batteries is the same. 7.2.2 During stabilization and measurement, the battery should be free from vibration. 8 Requirements for electrical and mechanical characteristics
8.1 Allowable discharge capacity
The following allowable discharge capacities should be stated by the manufacturer. 8.1.1 Allowable discharge capacity during normal use
The difference in electromotive force measured 10 seconds before and after discharge shall not exceed 20% of the corresponding grade index value. 8.1.2 Allowable discharge capacity for short periods (occasional) The difference in electromotive force measured 1 hour before and after discharge shall not exceed 50% of the corresponding grade index value. 8.1.3 Allowable cumulative discharge capacity
Note: In order to stabilize the electromotive force after the last discharge, it is recommended to allow sufficient stabilization time before testing. 8.2 DC internal resistance
8.2.1 Within the specified operating temperature range, the manufacturer shall provide the nominal value of the DC internal resistance and the maximum value of the DC internal resistance at at least five widely separated temperature points, of which the temperature points shall be within the reference temperature range. These values ​​shall be given in tables or diagrams. 8.2.2 Within one year after the first calibration, the DC internal resistance value of the standard battery at a given temperature shall not be greater than 150% of the maximum DC internal resistance value at the full scale specified by the manufacturer. GB 3929—83
8.2.3 The measurement of the DC internal resistance shall be carried out after the tests specified in Chapter 7 are completed. 8.2.4 The DC internal resistance value is given by formula (2): Eo-EL
Where: Rinternal resistance ();
E. —Battery terminal voltage (V), no load, (2)
EL--Battery terminal voltage (V), with a load of (10±0.2)MQ1--The nominal current obtained by a 10MQ resistor across a standard battery with a nominal value of 1V, that is, 10A. Note: In general, the reliance on internal resistance measurement cannot be greater than 20%. 8.3 Insulation resistance
If the battery is installed in an enclosure, the insulation resistance shall not be less than: 0.0002 (2ppm) level.. 0.001 (10ppm) level battery is 50G2 (5×10l″2) 0.002 (20ppm) level 0.01 (100ppm) level battery is 10GQ (1×101\2). If the enclosure is a conductor, the insulation resistance shall be measured between one of the battery terminals and the enclosure. If the enclosure is an insulating material, for this test, it shall be wrapped with a conductive foil, and the distance between the conductive foil and the battery terminals shall be less than 2 mm. That is, the insulation resistance is measured between one of the battery terminals and the conductive foil. The conditions for this test are: 500V DC voltage, any temperature between 10 and 40℃ and relative humidity not more than 80%. 8.4 Mineral oil resistance
The "manufacturer" shall state whether the battery or its mounting frame or its enclosure is resistant to mineral oil. If no statement is made, the battery should be resistant to mineral oil. 8.5 Structural requirements
8.5.1 If the battery is installed in an enclosure, whether it needs to be equipped with temperature measurement facilities depends on the use of the battery. Therefore, this should be a matter of negotiation between the manufacturer and the user. 8.5.2 It should be possible to seal the enclosure to ensure the safety of the enclosure. 9 Transportation and storage
9.1 The storage temperature of standard batteries should be maintained between 4 and 40°C. Note: Considering the long stability period of the battery, it is best to keep the storage temperature close to the operating temperature of the battery if possible. 9.2 During transportation, if the temperature may be below 0°C or sudden temperature changes may occur, special precautions may be taken as necessary.
9.3 Unless otherwise specified, batteries with a grade index other than 0.0002 (2ppm) can generally be mailed in appropriate packaging. 9.4 The manufacturer should specify the preferred and allowed placement of the battery during storage. 9.5 Precautions should be taken to minimize the effects of vibration and mechanical impact. 10 Markings and Symbols
Each battery shall have the following clear and indelible markings: a. Name or trademark of the manufacturer or responsible supplier; b. Model number set by the manufacturer or responsible supplier; d. Grade index;
Polarity,
Note: The positive pole of standard batteries not contained in the outer casing shall be marked in red. f.
If necessary, the preferred and permitted installation position range of the battery shall be indicated (using the D-4 or D-6 symbols specified in the third edition of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publication No. 51, "Recommended Standards for Direct Indicating Electrical Measuring Instruments and Their Accessories"). D—4
Nominal range of use from 80° to 100
8.90·100
Nominal range of use from 45° to 75"
The battery casing should have the following clear and indelible markings: the name or trademark of the manufacturer or responsible supplier, the model of the battery in the casing set by the manufacturer or responsible supplier; the serial number of the casing;
grade index,
polarity,
if necessary, the preferred and allowed placement range of the battery (use g.
10.3 The requirements of 10.1 and 10.2 may be changed by special agreement between the manufacturer and the user. In this case, the battery or casing shall be marked with at least the type and serial number. Other information about the battery shall be given on the calibration certificate. 10.4
Each battery, battery pack or battery box shall be accompanied by the following: Calibration certificate of the situation: the name or mark of the manufacturer or the responsible supplier, the model set by the manufacturer) or the responsible supplier; if necessary, the serial number of each battery, each battery assembly or each battery box, the battery model (saturated and unsaturated) and the grade index should be indicated: the electromotive force verification value of each battery;
verification temperature;
measurement uncertainty relative to the national standard of dry electromotive force; reference temperature range;
operating temperature range different from that specified in Article d; α, 6, c values ​​of the formula in Article 5.3 (For saturated batteries only); DC internal resistance as specified in 8.2.1;
Permitted discharge capacity as specified in 8.1:
If necessary, the preferred and permissible placement range of the battery should be stated; if necessary, the internal structure of the battery and the precautions for special maintenance should be stated. If necessary, it should be stated that the battery or mounting frame or casing is not resistant to mineral oil; if necessary, it should be stated that the battery, battery assembly or battery box cannot be mailed; if necessary, it should be stated that the preferred and permissible placement range during the storage period should be stated. Instructions for use:
The examples of D-4D6 symbols are added based on the regulations of the first edition of IEC Publication No. 51. 10
GB3929-83
Appendix A
(Supplement)
A.1 Test conditions applicable to determining the temperature hysteresis effect: This test is not always necessary. It should be carried out only when it is particularly necessary, depending on the design and use of the battery.
When it is necessary to test the temperature hysteresis effect of the battery, the test should be carried out in five stages. The test temperatures are: 20℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃ and 20℃. Before the start of the first stage and after each temperature change, there should be a stabilization period of 24 to 25 hours to allow the battery to stabilize at the new ambient temperature. Each time the temperature is changed, the final value of the ambient temperature should be reached within 5 hours. The electromotive force value of the battery is measured twice in each stage, once at the end of the above-mentioned stabilization period, and the other time after another 23 to 25 hours.
The temperature is kept constant in each test cycle. The allowable error when the temperature returns to 20℃ for each insertion cycle is shown in Table 3 of Article 7.2. As with normal standard battery testing, the influence of vibration and mechanical impact should be minimized. Newly manufactured standard batteries should meet the following requirements: A.1.1 For saturated standard batteries, the difference between the two electromotive forces measured in the same cycle should not exceed the limit given in Table A.
A, 1.2 For saturated standard batteries, the difference between the average of the two electromotive forces measured and any other measured electromotive force in each 20℃ measurement cycle should not exceed the value given in Table A. A.1.3 For all standard batteries, the difference between the average of the two electromotive forces measured at 15℃ and the average of the two electromotive forces measured at 25℃ should not exceed the limits given in Table A. Table A Allowable Change Limits of Electromotive Force During Temperature Cycles Allowable Change Limits of Electromotive Force
Grade Index
Additional Notes:
According to A.1.1 and A.1.2
According to A.1.3
Saturated
380···420
380·420
380-··420
380420
380·420
350·450
Unsaturated
0··30
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China and approved by the Shanghai Instrument and Meter Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. This standard is drafted by the Shanghai Electric Instrument Factory of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. The main drafter of this standard is Wu Ruilin.
This standard is entrusted to the Shanghai Instrument and Meter Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry for interpretation. From the date of implementation of this standard, the original standard JB1824-76 "Standard Battery Technical Conditions" shall be invalidated.
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