Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety rules for lifting appliances
Safety rules for lifting appliancesUDC621.86
:656.08
GB6067-85
To ensure safety Production, this regulation makes the most basic provisions on the safety requirements for the design, manufacture, inspection, scrapping, use and management of lifting machinery.
The strength, stiffness, stability, minimum size of structural parts in corrosive working environments, anti-overturning stability, etc. of the crane should generally meet the requirements of GB3811-83 "Code for Crane Design". This regulation applies to: bridge cranes (including metallurgical cranes), gantry cranes, loading and unloading bridges, cable cranes, truck cranes, tire cranes, crawler cranes, railway cranes, tower cranes, gantry cranes, pole cranes, elevators, electric Hoists and simple lifting equipment and accessories.
This regulation does not apply to: floating cranes, underground mine lifting equipment, and manned lifting equipment. 1 Metal structure
1.1 The arrangement of structural parts
should facilitate inspection, maintenance and drainage.
1.2 Structural component welding requirements
1.2.1 The quality of the butt welds of main stress-bearing components, such as main beams, end beams, outriggers, towers, booms, etc., shall not be lower than JB928 67 "Weld Radiographic Flaw Detection Standard", or the provisions of the first-level weld in JB1152-81 "Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Butt Welds of Boilers and Steel Pressure Vessels".
1.2.2 Welding rods, welding wires and fluxes should be compatible with the materials of the parts to be welded. 1.2.3 The welding rod should comply with the provisions of GB981-76 "Welding Rods for Low Carbon Steel and Low Alloy High Strength Steel", and the welding seams should comply with GB985-80 "Basic Types and Dimensions of Manual Arc Welding Joints" and GB986-80 "Submerged Arc "Basic Types and Dimensions of Welded Joints".
1.2.4 Welding work must be performed by welders who have passed the examination. The welder code stamp must be stamped near the welds of the main stress-bearing components. 1.3 High-strength bolt connections
must be handled according to design technical requirements and tightened with special tools. 1.4 Driver’s Cab
1.4.1 The driver’s cab must be safe and reliable. The connection between the cab and the suspension or supporting parts must be firm. 1.4.2 The top of the driver's cab should be able to withstand a static load of 2.5kN/m2 (250kgf/m2). 1.4.3 Cranes working in high temperature, dusty, toxic and other environments should be equipped with a closed driver's cab. Cranes working in the open air should be equipped with a driver's cab that is windproof, rainproof, and sunproof.
1.4.4 The open cab should be equipped with railings with a height of not less than 1050mm and should be reliably enclosed. 1.4.5 Except for mobile cranes, the headroom in the cab should not be less than 2m. 1.4.6 Except for mobile cranes, when there is a walkway outside the cab, the door should open outward; when there is no walkway outside the cab, the door should open inward. Sliding doors can be used whether there is a walking platform outside the driver's room or not. When the distance between the bottom of the driver's cab and the ground, passages, walkways, etc. below is more than 2m, a walkway should generally be installed. 1.4.7 Except for mobile cranes and cranes with no risk of collision at the bottom of the driver's cab, the clearance height of the driver's cab that moves with the crane should not be less than 2m from the ground, passages, walkways, etc. below. 1.4.8 The driver's cab of the bridge crane should generally be located on the side without conductive bare slide wires. Published by the National Bureau of Standards on June 6, 1985
Implemented on 1986-04-01
GB6067-85
1.4.9 The structure and layout of the driver's cab should enable the driver to understand the scope of work Good visibility and easy operation and maintenance. The driver's cab should ensure that the driver can escape safely in the event of an accident, or avoid harm to the driver caused by the accident. 1.4.10 The cab windows should be arranged so that all window glass can be wiped safely. Window glass should be tempered glass or laminated glass and should only be installed from inside the cab. 1.4.11 Cranes whose internal operating temperature is higher than 35°C and those operating in high-temperature environments, such as metallurgical crane cabs, should be equipped with a cooling device.
Cabins with operating temperatures below 5°C should be equipped with safe and reliable heating equipment. 1.4.12 In the driver's cab that is directly exposed to heat radiation in a high-temperature environment, an effective heat insulation layer should be installed. Window glass that is exposed to heat radiation should be tempered glass that prevents infrared radiation.
1.4.18 The driver's cab should be equipped with comfortable and adjustable seats, door locks, fire extinguishers and electric bells or alarms, and communication devices should also be set up when necessary.
1.5 Railings
The height shall be 1050mm and shall be provided with horizontal crossbars spaced 350mm apart. An enclosure plate with a height of not less than 70mm should be installed at the bottom. Any part of the railing should be able to withstand a load of 1kN (100kgf) from any direction without plastic deformation. For railings installed on the boom due to lubrication or maintenance in the air, the handrails should be able to hang safety belt hooks and should be able to withstand a load of 4.5kN (450kgf) without being damaged.
1.6 Upright ladder
The distance between steps should be 300mm, the distance between all steps should be equal, the distance between the step pole and the front facade should not be less than 150mm, and the ladder width should not be less than 300mm.
When the height is greater than 10m, rest platforms should be installed every 6~8m. When the height is greater than 5m, safety circles with a diameter of 650~800mm should be installed starting from 2m, and the distance between two adjacent circles should be 500mm. The safety circles should be connected by five evenly distributed longitudinal connecting rods. Any position of the safety circle should be able to withstand a force of 1kN (100kgf) without breaking. When an upright ladder leads to an upper platform with spread edges, the tops of the handrails on both sides of the ladder should be 1050mm higher than the highest step bar, and the tops of the handrails should be bent toward the platform.
1.7 Inclined ladder
should be set up according to the requirements of Table 1. In the entire inclined ladder, the spacing between all steps should be equal. Table 1 Requirements for inclined ladders
Angle with the horizontal plane (°)
Step spacing (mm)
Tread width (mm)
30
160
310
35
175
280
40
185
249
45| |tt||200
226
50
210
208
55
225
180||tt ||60
235
160
65
245
145
When the height of the inclined ladder is greater than 10m, it should be at 7.5m Set up a rest platform. At subsequent heights, rest platforms will be set up every 610m. Railings should be provided on the side of the ladder.
1.8 The width of the platform on the crane
(the distance from the railing to the maximum limit of the moving part) should not be less than 500mm for electric cranes; and should not be less than 400mm for human-driven cranes.
The clearance height of a platform with relatively moving components or objects above it should not be less than 1800mm. The walking platform should be able to withstand a moving concentrated load of 3kN (300kgf) without plastic deformation. 1.9 Anti-cleaning
Ladder treads and walking platform surfaces should have anti-slip properties. 1.10 Scraping of metal structures
1.10.1 When the main stress-bearing components lose their overall stability, they should not be repaired but should be scrapped. 1.10.2 When corrosion occurs in main stress-bearing components, inspection and measurement should be carried out. When the load-bearing capacity is reduced to 87% of the original design load-bearing capacity, GB6067-85
should be scrapped if it cannot be repaired.
For units without computing power, when the corrosion of the section of the main stress-bearing component reaches 10% of the original thickness, it should be scrapped if it cannot be repaired. 1.10.3 When cracks occur in the main stress-bearing components, measures should be taken to prevent the cracks from continuing to expand according to the stress conditions and crack conditions, and measures to strengthen or change the stress distribution should be taken, or use should be stopped. 1.10.4 When the main stress-bearing components are plastically deformed and the working mechanism cannot operate normally and safely, they should be scrapped if they cannot be repaired. For general bridge type cranes, when the trolley is in the mid-span and under rated load, the deflection value of the main girder in the mid-span is below the horizontal line. If it cannot be repaired for a while, it should be scrapped.
Achieving the span of one
700
2 main components
2.1 Hook
2.1.1 The hook should have a certificate from the manufacturing unit, etc. Only with technical certification documents can it be put into use. Otherwise, it should be inspected and found to be qualified before use.
During use, it should be inspected, repaired and scrapped according to the relevant requirements of this regulation. 2.1.2 Hoisting machinery shall not use cast hooks. 2.1.3. The hook should be equipped with a safety device to prevent accidental decoupling of the lifting weight. The surface of the hook should be smooth and clean, without peeling, sharp corners, burrs, cracks, etc. 2.1.4
2.1.5 Material
a.
b.
c.
The hook material should be made of high-quality low-carbon killed steel or low-carbon Carbon alloy steel; forged hooks generally use 20 steel specified in GB699-65 "High-Quality Carbon Structural Steel Steel Grades and General Technical Conditions"; plate hooks generally use A3 specified in GB700-79 "Technical Conditions for Ordinary Carbon Structural Steel" , C3 steel, or 16Mn steel specified in GB1591-79 "Technical Conditions for Low Alloy Structural Steel". 2.1.6 Inspection of hooks
a.
b.
The hooks used for human-driven lifting mechanisms are tested with 1.5 times the rated load as the inspection load; power-driven For the hook used in the lifting mechanism, the test load is determined according to Table 2: Table 2 Test load of the hook
rated lifting capacity
t
0.1
0.125|| tt||0.16
0. 2
0.25
0.32
0. 4
0.5
0.63
0.8
kN
2
2.5
3.2
4
5
6.3
8|| tt||10
12.5
16
inspection
inspection
load
load
tf||tt| |0.2
0.25
0.32
0.4
0.5
0.63
0.8
1.0
1.25
1.6
rated lifting capacity
t
1.25
1.6
2
2.5
3.2
4
5
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
20|| tt||25
32
40
50
63
80
100
112||tt| |125
140
Equal to or greater than 160
GB6067—85
Continued Table 2
kN
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160| |tt||200
250
315
400
500
600
700
850||tt ||1000
1200
1430
1580
1725
1890
Note: Rated lifting capacity refers to the hook in normal use situation, the maximum mass allowed. Test load
tf
2.0
2.5
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
12.5
16.0
20.0
25.0
31.5
40.0
50.0|| tt||60
70
85
100
120
143
158
172.5||tt| | 189 | ,
GB6067-85
The hook should be able to reliably support 2 times the inspection load without falling off; d.
e.
The hardness of stable hooks made of commonly used materials should be checked piece by piece. For each batch of hooks with the same furnace number, same tonnage, and heat treatment in the same furnace, other mechanical properties except hardness should be randomly inspected according to the requirements of Table 3. Table 3 Hook material performance sampling quantity
rated lifting capacity
(t)
less than or equal to 50
more than 50
sampling quantity||tt ||5%, but not less than 3 pieces
100%
Use new materials to make hooks. Before the quality is stable, all hooks should be 100% inspected for material mechanical properties. Inspection results should comply with corresponding material standards.
2.1.7 Hooks that pass the inspection should be marked indelibly in the low stress area and a certificate of conformity should be issued. The marking content should at least include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
rated lifting capacity;
factory mark Or the name of the manufacturer;
inspection mark;
production number.
2.1.8
When one of the following situations occurs, the hook should be scrapped: a.
b.
c.
d.|| tt | | e. | | tt | | f. | | tt | | g. | The size increases by 15%,
torsional deformation exceeds 10°,
plastic deformation occurs in dangerous sections or hook necks; when the plate hook bushing wears out to 50% of the original size, the bushing should be scrapped; When the plate hook spindle wear reaches 5% of the original size, the spindle should be scrapped. 2.1.9
2.2
Defects on the hook must not be repaired by welding.
Wire Rope
2.2.1
2.2.2
The wire rope used for lifting machinery should comply with the GB1102-74 "Round Strand Steel Wire Rope" standard and must have products Inspection certificate. The safety factor of the wire rope should not be less than the requirements of Table 4 and Table 5: Safety factor of steel wire rope for institutions
Table 4
Organization working level
Safety factor
M1, M2,M3
4
M4
4.5
M5
5
M6
6
M7 | M8 | Must not be less than 6. ②The safety factor of the steel wire rope used for boom expansion and contraction shall not be less than 4. Table 5 Other uses of wire rope safety factor
for use
for supporting the boom
for the installation of the lifting machinery itself
cable wind rope||tt ||For hanging and binding
Safety factor
4
2.5
3.5
6
GB6067—85||tt| |2.2.3 The wire ropes should be arranged neatly on the drum. 2.2.4 When the load is supported by multiple steel wire ropes, a force balancing device for each wire rope should be provided. 2.2.5 The hoisting mechanism and luffing mechanism shall not use braided and extended wire ropes. When using other methods to extend the wire rope, it must be ensured that the joint strength is not less than 90% of the breaking tension of the wire rope. 2.2.6 For cranes with large lifting heights, wire ropes that do not rotate and have no tendency to loosen should be used. When using other wire ropes, there should be devices or measures to prevent the rotation of the wire rope and spreader. 2.2.7 When the hook is at the lowest point of the working position, the winding of the wire rope on the drum must be no less than 2 turns in addition to the number of turns to fix the rope tail.
2.2.8 When lifting molten or hot metal, steel wire ropes with high temperature resistance such as asbestos core should be used. 2.2.9 Safety requirements for fixed connection of wire rope ends: Table 6 Safety requirements for connection with rope clamps
Wire rope diameter (mm)
Number of rope clamps (pieces)
7~16| |tt||3
19~27
4
28~37
5
The rope clamping plate should be on the long end side of the wire rope, and the rope clamping The spacing should not be less than 6 times the diameter of the wire rope 38~45
6
When connecting with rope clamps, the requirements of Table 6 should be met, and the connection strength should be ensured not to be less than 85% of the breaking tension of the wire rope; a.
b When connected by braiding, the braiding length should not be less than 15 times the diameter of the wire rope, and should not be less than 300mm. The connection strength shall not be less than 75% of the breaking tension of the wire rope.
When connecting with wedge blocks and wedge sleeves, the wedge sleeves should be made of steel. The connection strength shall not be less than 75% of the breaking tension of the wire rope c.
d. When connecting by the tapered sleeve casting method, the connection strength should reach the breaking tensile force of the steel wire rope; e. When connecting by the aluminum alloy sleeve compression method, a reliable process should be used to make the aluminum alloy sleeve and the steel wire rope closely and firmly fit, and the connection strength should be Reach the breaking tension of the wire rope. 2.2.10 Maintenance of steel wire ropes
The steel wire ropes should be prevented from damage, corrosion, or performance degradation caused by other physical and chemical conditions; a.
b. When the steel wire ropes are uncoiled, they should be prevented from knotting or twisting ;When cutting the wire rope, measures should be taken to prevent the strands from spreading; c.
d.
When installing the wire rope, the wire should not be dragged in an unclean place or wrapped around other objects. On the wire rope, it should be prevented from scratching, grinding, rolling and excessive bending#
The wire rope should be kept well lubricated. The lubricant used should meet the requirements of the rope and not affect the visual inspection. When lubricating e.
, special attention should be paid to hard-to-see and inaccessible parts, such as the steel wire rope at the balance pulley; when receiving the steel wire rope, the certificate of the steel wire rope must be checked to ensure that the mechanical properties and specifications meet the design requirements; f.
g Steel wire ropes used daily should be inspected every day, including inspection of the fixed connections at the ends and balance pulleys, and safety judgments should be made.
2.2.11 Steel wire ropes should be scrapped in accordance with relevant wire rope inspection and scrapping standards*. 2.2.12 For steel wire ropes that comply with the GB1102-74 "Round Strand Steel Wire Rope" standard, in terms of indicators of broken wires and wear, they can also be inspected and scrapped according to the following requirements:
a. When the number of broken wires in the wire rope reaches the value shown in Table 7: *This standard is still being formulated.
An
Full
Department
Number
Broken
Silk
Number
Less than 6| |tt||6~7
greater than 7Www.bzxZ.net
steel
(root)
wire
GB6067—85
Table 7| | tt | tt||Rope 6×(19)
Number of broken wires in one pitch
Interactive digging
12
14
16||tt ||Note: ①The number of broken wires in the table refers to thin steel wires, and each thick steel wire is equivalent to 1.7 thin steel wires. ②A pitch refers to the axial distance of each wire rope wound around one turn. Digging in the same direction
6
7
8
Interactive twisting
22
26
30||tt| |Grab in the same direction
11
13
15
When the steel wire rope is rusted or worn, the number of scrapped and broken wires in Table 7 should be reduced according to Table 8, and the number of scrapped wires should be reduced according to Table 8. The number of broken wires after reduction is scrapped: b.
Table 8
Reduction coefficient table
Amount of wear or corrosion on the surface of the steel wire %
Reduction coefficient %| |tt||10
85
15
75
20
70
25
60||tt ||30~40
50
greater than 40
o
The number of scrapped and broken wires of steel wire ropes for lifting hot metal or dangerous goods is taken as the number of scrapped and broken wires of general crane wire ropes. Half of the number of wires, its C.
includes the reduction due to surface abrasion of the steel wire. 2.3 Welded endless chain for lifting
2.3.1 The safety factor of the welded endless chain shall not be less than the value in Table 9: Table 9 Safety factor of the welded endless chain
Usage
Safety factor| |tt||Light reel or pulley
Manual
3
Machine
Motion
6
Chain
Hand
Motion
4
Wheel
Mobile
8
Bound items
6
Hanging The material used for hanging (with small
hook,
5
2.3.2 welding ring chain should have good weldability and not prone to aging deformation brittleness. Generally YB6 is used 71 "Technical Conditions for Alloy Structural Steel" 2.3.3 Welded endless chains shall be inspected for 50% of the rated breaking tensile strength one by one, and a certificate of conformity shall be issued to the qualified chain. Make the following mark:
quality grade mark, every 20 links or every meter (whichever is the smaller value), clearly emboss or engrave the quality a.
grade Code;
b. The inspector shall make obvious inspection marks on all ends of the chain. 2.3.4 The welded endless chain shall be scrapped if any of the following conditions occurs: a.
b. .
c.
Cracks;
The chain is plastically deformed and extends up to 5% of its original length; the diameter of the link is worn up to 10% of its original diameter.
2.4 Drum
GB6067-85
2.4.1 The fixing device at the end of the wire rope on the drum should have anti-loosening or self-tightening properties. The fixation of the end of the wire rope should be checked once a month. .
2.4.2 The end of the multi-layered drum should have a flange. The flange should be 2 times larger than the diameter of the outermost wire rope or chain or the width of the single-layered drum. The coupling drum should also meet the above requirements. 2.4.3 When the drum used for the hoisting mechanism and the luffing mechanism adopts a structure without a supporting shaft through the cylinder, the cylinder body should be made of steel
2.4. .4 The ratio h1 of the drum diameter to the wire rope diameter should not be less than the value in Table 10. 2.4.5 The drum should be scrapped when one of the following conditions occurs: cracks,
a.
b. The wear of the cylinder wall reaches 20% of the original wall thickness.
2.5 Pulley
2.5.1 The ratio h2 of the pulley diameter to the wire rope diameter should not be less than the value in Table 10. The ratio h shall not be less than 0.6h2. For bridge type cranes, h shall be equal to h2. For simple, light and small lifting equipment used temporarily and for a short time, the h2 value may be 10, but the minimum shall not be less than 8. Table 10 Simple pulley h, h2 value
organization working level
M1,M2,M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
h,
14
16
18
20
22.4
25| |tt|| Note: ① When using a non-rotating wire rope, the value one gear higher should be taken according to the working level of the mechanism. ②For mobile cranes, the working level does not need to be considered, take: h, =16, h, =18. 2.5.2
The pulley groove should be smooth and clean, and there should be no defects that damage the wire rope. 2.5.3
2.5.4
a.
b.
c
d.
e.
The pulley should have a device to prevent the wire rope from jumping out of the pulley groove. Metal cast pulleys should be scrapped when one of the following conditions occurs: cracks;
uneven wear of the wheel groove reaches 3mm,
wheel groove wall thickness wear reaches 20% of the original wall thickness: || tt||The diameter of the bottom of the wheel groove is reduced by 50% of the diameter of the wire rope due to wear; other defects that damage the wire rope.
2.6 brake
2.6.1. For power-driven cranes, the lifting, luffing, running, and rotating mechanisms must be equipped with brakes. For human-driven cranes, the lifting mechanism and luffing mechanism must be equipped with brakes or stops. The brakes of the hoisting mechanism and luffing mechanism must be normally closed. h,
16
18
20
22.4
25
28
2.6.2 The lifting mechanism is not suitable It adopts a structure in which heavy objects can fall freely. If a heavy object free-falling structure is used, there should be a controllable normally closed brake.
2.6.3 For lifting mechanisms that lift hot metal or flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods, as well as that may cause major danger or loss after an accident, each set of driving devices should be equipped with 2 sets of brakes. . GB6067-85
2.6.4 The safety factor of each set of brakes shall not be less than the provisions of Table 11: Table 11
Machine
Lifting mechanism
Structure|| tt||Lifting mechanism for lifting hot metal or dangerous goods
Unbalanced luffing mechanism
Balanced luffing mechanism
2.6.5||tt| |General
Important
Use
Safety factor of brake
Use
Situation
Hydraulic transmission with hydraulic braking effect | |tt | When the brake is in working state
When in non-working state
The brake should have a heat capacity consistent with the frequency of operation. The brakes should be able to compensate for the wear of the brake belt friction pads. 2.6.6
2.6.7
2.6.8
Safety factor
1.5
1.75
1.25
1.25
1.1
1.75
1.25
1.15
The actual contact area between the brake belt friction pad and the brake wheel should not be less than the theoretical contact area 70%. For the brake band friction pad of a band brake, the connection between the end of the backing steel band and the fixed part should be hinged, and rigid connection types such as bolted connections, riveting, and welding are not allowed. For human-controlled brakes, the applied force and stroke should not be greater than the requirements of Table 12: 2.6.9
Table 12 Human control force and stroke
Required
Required
It is generally appropriate to use the value
largest value
most
2.6.10
2.6.11
2.6.12
a.|| tt||b.
c.
d.
2.7
Operation method
Hand control
Pedal||tt| |Hand control
pedal
Shi
N
100
120
200
300||tt| |Add
's
force
kgf
10
12
20
30
control The control parts of the brake, such as pedals, control handles, etc., should have anti-skid properties. For cranes in normal use, the brakes should be inspected every shift. Brake parts should be scrapped when one of the following conditions occurs: cracks
The thickness of the friction pad of the brake belt is worn up to 50% of the original thickness; the spring is plastically deformed;
the small shaft or shaft The hole diameter wear reaches 5% of the original diameter. Brake wheel
The braking friction surface of the brake wheel should not have defects that hinder the braking performance or be contaminated with oil. 2.7.1
Stroke cm
40
25
60
30
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