Some standard content:
UDC i629.12.05: 001.4
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB3898-83ISO1069—1973
Terms and terms of marine magnetic compass
Magnetic compasses for sea navigation-VocabularyPublished on October 28, 1983
National Standard implemented on May 1, 1984
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Terms and terms of marine magnetic compass
Magnetic compasses for sea navigation-VocabularyThe technical standard is equivalent to ISO1069—1973 Marine magnetic compass and binnacle-1 Magnetism
1.1 Theoretical definitions 1.1.1 Magnetic poles
—Vocabulary.
UDC 629:12.05
GB3898—83
IS01069
Two points near the ends of the magnetizing rod. 1; It is believed that the magnetism is concentrated at these two points. The two points or poles are marked with red at the north end of the rod and red at the south end of the rod. 1.1.2 Permanent magnetisma. The induced magnetism that remains constant in the magnet after the magnetizing magnetic field is removed. b. The part of the magnetism that can be properly maintained for a period of time after the magnetic stability of the magnetism is achieved. 1,1,3 Sub-permanent magnetismSub-permanent magnetisma. The induced magnetism that continues to remain in the neutral iron after the magnetizing magnetic field is removed, but gradually disappears. a.
When the magnetizing magnetic field is removed, the part of the magnetism that remains constant in the neutral iron, but the magnetism will decay in a relatively short time after the magnetization field is changed. b.
t.1.4 Transient magnetism (Indurrd magnetism) a. Magnetism induced by the magnetic field, but no longer exists when the magnetic field shifts. b. The part of the magnetism that changes with the change of the first, oblique and latitude of the magnetic field. 1,1.5 Magnetic receptivity A physical quantity that characterizes the ability of a material to change its magnetic moment under the influence of an external magnetic field. 1.2 Magnetic properties 1.2.1 Permeability
The ability of a magnetic material to obtain magnetism in a magnetic field. 1.2.2 Coercivity
The ability of a magnet to remain permanent in a reverse magnetic field. It is measured by the reverse magnetic field strength required when the magnetic induction intensity of a saturated magnet decreases to zero.
1.2.3 Remanence
The permanent magnetism that continues to exist in saturated magnetized iron materials after the magnetic field is removed. 1.2.4 Hesidial magnetism The magnetism (induction) that remains in the ferromagnetic material after the magnetizing force is removed. 1.3 Farth's magnctism
1. 3.1 The total magnetic force of the earth The value of the total magnetic field of the earth at a certain point.
1,3.2 The total magnetic force of the earth The direction in which the magnetic axis of a magnetic needle hanging on Mount Baishan aligns itself. $.3.3H
National Bureau of Standards Issued on October 28, 1983
Implemented on May 1, 1984
Usually used to express the directional force of a certain
.
Geomagnetic force level
GB 3848-8
Shu Mu's symbol
The symbol is used to indicate the sign of the multiplied direct component of the geomagnetic force at a certain point. 1.3.5 Magnetic inclination 10ipWww.bzxZ.net
The angle between the direction of the total earth's force line acting on the magnetic component when it is only affected by the geomagnetic field and the horizontal plane in the vertical plane. The magnetic inclination is zero at the Earth's magnetic field and 90 degrees at the Earth's magnetic poles. When the north-pointing end of a freely suspended magnetic needle is lowered, the magnetic inclination is positive, and when it is raised, the magnetic inclination is negative. 1.3.6 Variatian
The angle between true north (geographic north) and magnetic north in the horizontal plane. When magnetic north is to the right or east of true north, it is called variability (or positive), and when magnetic north is to the left or west of true north, it is called variability (or negative). 1.4 Magnetic Materials materials1.4.1 Hard iron Hardiron Ferromagnetic material characterized by its ability to obtain permanent magnetism. 1.4.2 Neutral iron Ferromagnetic material characterized by its ability to obtain permanent magnetism. If classified by its magnetic properties, it is between hard iron and soft iron. 1.4.3 Soft iron Softiron Ferromagnetic material that obtains instantaneous magnetic energy in a magnetic field. However, when the intensity or direction of the magnetic field or both change, the material's magnetic state changes accordingly. When the magnetic field is removed, the induced magnetism in soft iron is no longer retained. 1.4.4 Non-magnctic materials Materials that do not obtain instantaneous or permanent magnetism when in a magnetic field or subjected to magnetization. 1. 5 Magnetic: charac leristics relative to the ship's compassposition 1, 5.1 Directive force (H') is the sign of the water sheet basis of the total compass force at a compass position. 1.5.2 Mean directing force Mcan directive force The average value of the horizontal component of the total compensating force in the meridian of the longitude position, obtained by arbitrarily obtaining equally spaced headings. It is equal to or equal to the approximate mean value of Hcos (deviation) of all headings. 1.5.3 The sign used to express the ratio of the semi-mean directing force to the horizontal component of the total magnetic force of the earth. 2 The mariner's compass 2.1 General definitions 2.1.1 Compass
An instrument used to find a certain geographical position and to maintain that position permanently. 2.1.2 Magnetic compass A compass that relies on the earth's magnetism to obtain its pointing performance. 2.1.3 Liquid compass - Liquid 2.1.4 Drycard compass A magnetic compass whose pointing system is immersed in liquid. 2.1.5 Hemispherical compass A liquid magnetic compass with a hemispherical transparent cover. 2.1.6 Apcriodic compass A magnetic compass whose pointing system returns to its bow direction without oscillating for several cycles after it deviates from its bow direction. 2.1.7 Standard compass A magnetic compass used as the main navigation equipment of the ship. 2.1.3 Steering compass A magnetic compass used by the operator when maneuvering the ship. 2.1.9 Stand-by steering compass A magnetic compass that provides auxiliary reference for the heading of the maneuvering ship. 2.1.10 Emergency compass A magnetic compass used in the command or navigation cabin after all other equipment of similar purpose has been damaged. 2.1.11 Overhead compass A compass usually suspended on the top deck, with readings observed directly from below. 2.i.12 Periscopic compass A compass that observes the compass dial or the bow portion of the compass through an optical device from a place below the compass position. 2.1.13 Reflector compass A compass that uses a reflection system to observe the entire or part of the dial. 2. 1.14 Projector compass A compass in which the image of the scale plate is projected wholly or partly onto a viewing screen through an optical system. 2.1.15 Trans-mitting compass A magnetic compass that sends compass pointing signals to a repeating instrument. 2.1.16 Automatic steering compass A magnetic compass used to feed signals to an automatic steering instrument, and can also be used as a standard compass or a steering compass. 2.1.17 Magnetic control element or magnetic reference unit A magnetic component specially designed to feed signals to an automatic pilot, control a deviation alarm device, send heading to a repeating compass, or feed signals to other devices.
2.2 Components
2.2.1 The bowl
2.2.1.1 Cormpass bowl
A container made of non-magnetic material and used to house the compass pointing system. 2.2.1.2 Gimbal
A device used to support the compass and allow it to move freely around the longitudinal and transverse axes of the ship. In this way, the suspended compass can remain in a horizontal position regardless of the movement of the ship.
2.2.1.3 Lubbermark (or lubber line) Lubbermark (or lubber line) An indicator mark on the compass bow direction. It is located inside the compass and usually vertically inside the longitudinal axis of the gimbal. 2.2.1.4 Point
A part usually placed in the center of the compass to support the pointing system while allowing it to rotate freely. 2.2.1.5 Verge ring
A ring used to fix the top glass of the compass. It can be engraved with degrees. 2.2.2 The card
2.2.2.1 Compass card
A graduated disk made of suitable material and assembled with the magnetic components of the compass. 2.2.2.2 Compass needle Corupass needs a special magnet, which is inserted into the magnetic components of the compass. Magnetic elernert
2.2.2.3 Magnetic components
Combination of compass needle and magnetic components:
GB3B98-83
2.2.2.4 Pivot bearing (card socket) A shaft cap made of natural or synthetic stone, ceramic or any similar hard material, usually installed in the center of the compass disk and placed on the shaft tip f in the compass bowl.
2.2.2.5 Float
A hollow structure that gives a certain buoyancy to the pointing system immersed in liquid 11. 2.2.2.6 Directional system is usually a compass disk, magnetic components, pivot bearings and floating knobs, which are freely supported on the tip of the shaft or the tip of the mountain, and can be stably aligned with the direction of the magnetic field under the influence of the magnetic field. 2.2,3 Graduation of the compass card 2.2.3.1 Graduation of the compass tarf A circular scale drawn on the outer edge of the compass disk, divided into degrees, with the main points marked and the corner points marked. 2.2.3.z (compass) points Poinl (nf the compass) The points can be marked at will on the compass disk, with two equally spaced points on the circumference of the disk. The arc between two adjacent points is 11”15°2.2.3.3 Cardinal point
They are east, south, west, and north, and are marked on the compass disk with capital letters E, S, W, and N respectively. The north position can be represented by an appropriate symbol.
2.2.3.4 Inter-cardinal pointThey are: NE, SE, NW, and SW respectively, and are marked with capital letters NE, SE, NW, and SW respectively.2.3 Compass testing
2.3.1 Testing stand
An instrument or combination of instruments used to test and measure the errors of a magnetic compass.2.3.2 Errors of the card2.3.2.1 Collimation errorCollimation errorError caused by the inaccuracy of the north and south radial directions of the disk with respect to the orientation of the magnetic axis of the magnetic component.2.3.2.2 Eccentricity error 2.3.2.3 Indexing error (card error) Error caused by the inaccuracy of the indexing of the card. 2.3.2.4 Pointing error Lirectional error Error in the pointing system. It is the algebraic sum of the misalignment, eccentricity and indexing errors. 2.3.3 The card in the bowl 2.3.3.1 Bow baseline error 1ubher error The angle between the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the center frame and the vertical plane passing through the bow baseline and the center of rotation. 2.3.3.2 Friction error Frictionl error Error caused by friction between the pivot bearing and the shaft. 2.3.3.3 Swirl error Swirl error Error caused by the friction between the pinion bearing and the shaft when the compass rotates. 2.9.3.4 Induction error Induetion crror: 1 Error caused by the magnetic induction of the magnet in the pointing system to the soft iron stopper. 2.3.4 Misccllanous
2.3.4.1 Period Period
The time interval for the pointing system to complete a full oscillation on the horizontal plane. 2.3.4. 2 Half-period The time interval between the first two consecutive passes through its original position after the deflection of the degree plate. 4
GB3898-83
2.4 Compass errors and their corrections 2.4.1 Deviation and compa5serror 2.4.1.1 Deviation
The angle between the magnetic field and the small compass north indicated by the magnetic compass installed on the ship in the water halfway above the horizon. When the compass is on the left or west of magnetic north, it is called east deviation or positive deviation. When the compass north is on the left or west of magnetic north, it is called west deviation or negative deviation. 2.4.1.2 Total longitude error Tntel compass error The algebraic sum of magnetic deviations.
2.4.1.3 Coeffirient A The algebraic average value of the compass deviation in not less than eight directions of equal division of the longitude disk. 2.4.1.4 Coefficient B
When the compass is pointing east, the square circle error caused by the instantaneous magnetic longitudinal component of the ship's water magnetic field and the ship's vertical soft iron Note: This error is proportional to the positive direction of the compass station. 2.4.1.5 Coefficient C
When the compass is pointing north, the error caused by the smallest instantaneous horizontal component of the ship's water magnetic field and the ship's vertical soft iron. Note: This error is proportional to the residual of the longitude. 2.4.1.6 Coefficient PCoeflicient 1)
When the compass is pointing northeast, the quadrant of the horizontal component of the magnetic field induced by the soft iron part of the ship's longitudinal and horizontal symmetrical compass rod:
Note: This error is proportional to the positive direction of the first two compass heads. 2.4.1.7 Coefficient E Cocffieicnt E
When the compass bow is north, the quadrant variance caused by the water content of the field induced by the longitudinal and transverse soft iron parts of the compass asymmetrically divided in the county
Note that this item is twice the residual core or centroid of the compass bow. 2.4.1.8 Coefficient F and GCoefficient FandG are the values of the six-point self-beauty caused by the horizontal corrector and the vertical corrector when the compass heading is 0.3° and north respectively, and the error caused by the horizontal corrector and the vertical corrector is proportional to the positive value of the compass heading. 2.4.1,9 Coefficient H Coefficient 11 Value
The eight-point deviation caused by the magnetic induction of the pointing system magnetometer to the soft iron corrector when the compass solution is 22\30' (NNE), which is proportional to the positive or negative value of the compass heading. 2.4.1.10 Coefficient K Coefficient K
The eight-point deviation caused by the magnetic induction of the earth's magnetic field or the pointing system magnetometer to the soft iron corrector when the compass heading is close to north. This deviation is proportional to the difference between the new compass heading and the new direction. 2.4.1. Coefficient J (heeling error coefficient) The change in the compass deviation caused by one degree of tilt when the compass heading is north. 2.4.1.12 Tilt error Ileeling erron Error caused by the ship tilting from its normal straight position. 2.4.1.13 Acceleration error Acceleration error Deviation caused by the ship's longitudinal and vertical acceleration. Note: It occurs when the plane has two beats with descending glands, or the dial is not aligned with the water. 2.4.2 Campass adjusting 2.4.2.1 Compass adjuslnent The process of using a calibration device to offset the influence of the ship's magnetism in the longitude position, thereby reducing the compass deviation. 5
GB 3898—83
2.4.2.2 Compass calibration The measurement and recording of the compass deviation at different bow angles. Usually carried out after calibration. 2.4.2.3 Swinging ship The process of ship maneuvering to correct the deviation and determine the residual deviation. 2.4.2.4 Residual deviation The compass deviation remaining after correction.
2.4.2.5 Deviation table Dcviationtablc
The record of the remaining deviation along the bow of the compass at equal intervals. The deviation can be read from it according to the compass bow direction. 2.4.2.6 Deviation curve Deviation curve The curve of the remaining deviation recorded during compass measurement is plotted as a curve graph, and the deviation is determined on the graph according to the compass bow direction. 2.4.2.7 Deflectometer Deflectometer
An instrument for comparing the total horizontal deviation (pointing deviation) at different bow positions at multiple longitudes. 2.4.za Inclinometer Hceling errur instrument An instrument used to measure the magnetic angle of the earth's magnetic field and determine the tilt error. 2.4.3 Degaussing
The offset of the ship's magnetic field.
When a ship is sailing in a circle, the change of the combined heading of multiple longitude positions is usually compensated by the compass correction device installed on the compass and the ship's navigation equipment.
2.5 Navigation (the compass at sea)
Navigation (the compass at sea)2.5.1 Heading
The direction of the ship's head in the water by direct projection. When measured by true north, magnetic north or longitude north, it is called the heading, magnetic heading or longitude heading respectively. The heading is usually measured from the north as the starting point along the compass in a clockwise direction, in degrees, and expressed in two digits.
Heading is also called the longitude point, decimal point or even point, when the compass degree plate is also marked with such a mark. 2.5.2 Course
The heading of a moving ship that it strives to maintain. 3 The binnacle
3.1 Bitnacle
The surrounding structure that supports the basin of the compass. It can form a placement or support structure to facilitate compass correction and lighting. $.2 Feindcrs's bar
A cylindrical soft iron rod that hangs from a container installed on and close to the compass, used to offset the influence of induced magnetism in vertical soft iron parts on the ship.
4 Azimuth reading device The azimuth reading device (azimuth, azimuth circle, azimuth sight) Azimuth threading device (azimuth rir:le, azimuth sight)
An instrument usually installed on or attached to a compass to measure the azimuth of a celestial body or a distant object. If the compass ring is engraved with a splitter, the relative direction to the compass can also be read. 5 Siling of the compass 5.1 Safe distance
The minimum distance required between the compass and magnetic objects and inductive circuits to eliminate or significantly reduce concerns about the compass performance. 5.2 Magnelic screening
GB 3898—83
A body of magnetic material surrounding the magnetic compass installation area, which can greatly reduce the magnetic field at the compass position. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by China National Shipbuilding Industry Corporation and is under the jurisdiction of the Navigation Professional Group. This standard was drafted by Tianjin Navigation Instrument Factory. The main drafter of this standard is Yang Xianlai.5 Navigation (the compass at sea) 2.5.1 Heading The direction of the ship's head projected vertically on the water. When measured by true north, magnetic north or longitude north, it is called the heading, magnetic heading or longitude heading respectively. The heading is usually measured clockwise from the north along the compass, with degrees as the unit and expressed in two digits. The heading is also called the heading expressed by longitude points, ten points or even points, when the compass disk is also marked with such. 2.5.2 Course The heading that a moving ship strives to maintain. 3 The binnacle 3.1 Bitnacle The support for the basin of the compass. It can be composed of a placement or support structure to facilitate compass correction and lighting. $.2 Freund's bar
A cylindrical soft iron rod suspended from a container mounted on and close to the compass, used to offset the influence of induced magnetism in vertical soft iron parts on board.
4 Azimuth reading device Azimuth threading device (azimuth circle, azimuth sight)
An instrument usually mounted on or attached to a compass, used to measure the azimuth of a celestial body or a distant object. If the azimuth ring is engraved with a radial, the relative azimuth can also be read. 5 Siling of the compass 5.1 Safe distance
The minimum distance required between the compass and magnetic objects and inductive circuits to eliminate or reduce concerns about the performance of the compass. 5.2 Magnelic screening
GB 3898—83
A body of magnetic material surrounding the magnetic compass installation area, which can greatly reduce the magnetic field at the compass position. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation and is under the jurisdiction of the Navigation Professional Group. This standard was drafted by Tianjin Navigation Instrument Factory. The main drafter of this standard is Yang Xianlai.5 Navigation (the compass at sea) 2.5.1 Heading The direction of the ship's head projected vertically on the water. When measured by true north, magnetic north or longitude north, it is called the heading, magnetic heading or longitude heading respectively. The heading is usually measured clockwise from the north along the compass, with degrees as the unit and expressed in two digits. The heading is also called the heading expressed by longitude points, ten points or even points, when the compass disk is also marked with such. 2.5.2 Course The heading that a moving ship strives to maintain. 3 The binnacle 3.1 Bitnacle The support for the basin of the compass. It can be composed of a placement or support structure to facilitate compass correction and lighting. $.2 Freund's bar
A cylindrical soft iron rod suspended from a container mounted on and close to the compass, used to offset the influence of induced magnetism in vertical soft iron parts on board.
4 Azimuth reading device Azimuth threading device (azimuth circle, azimuth sight)
An instrument usually mounted on or attached to a compass, used to measure the azimuth of a celestial body or a distant object. If the azimuth ring is engraved with a radial, the relative azimuth can also be read. 5 Siling of the compass 5.1 Safe distance
The minimum distance required between the compass and magnetic objects and inductive circuits to eliminate or reduce concerns about the performance of the compass. 5.2 Magnelic screening
GB 3898—83
A body of magnetic material surrounding the magnetic compass installation area, which can greatly reduce the magnetic field at the compass position. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation and is under the jurisdiction of the Navigation Professional Group. This standard was drafted by Tianjin Navigation Instrument Factory. The main drafter of this standard is Yang Xianlai.
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