NY/T 5114-2002 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free peach food
Some standard content:
ICS65.020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T 5114--2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Regulations for Peach Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5114—2002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Foreword
Drafting units of this standard: Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Fruit Research Institute of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Main drafters of this standard: Wang Lirong, Zhu Gengrui, Chen Hanjie, Fang Weichao, Jiang Quan, Guo Jiying. 226
1 Scope
Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free peaches
NY/T 5114—2002
This standard specifies the techniques for the selection and planning of the production site, planting, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit management, pest and disease control and fruit harvesting of pollution-free peaches.
This standard applies to the open-field production of pollution-free peaches. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to the agreement reached based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB4285 Standard for safe use of pesticides
GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for rational use of pesticides NY/T496 General principles for rational use of fertilizers
NY/T5002-2001 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free food leeks NY5113 Environmental conditions for the production of pollution-free food peaches Announcement No. 199 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (May 24, 2002) 3 Requirements
3.1 Site selection and planning
3.1.1 Site selection
3.1.1.1 Climate conditions
The suitable annual average temperature is 12℃~17℃, the absolute minimum temperature is ≥-23℃, and the low temperature accumulation of 7.2℃ during the dormancy period is more than 600h; the annual sunshine hours are ≥1200h.
3.1, 1.2 Soil conditions
Sandy loam is the best soil texture, pH 4.5~7.5 can be planted, but slightly acidic 5.5~6.5 is appropriate, salt content <1g/kg, organic matter content ≥10g/kg, groundwater level below 1.0m. Do not build gardens in heavy areas. 3.1.1.3 Production environment
Water quality and air quality shall be implemented in accordance with NY5113. 3.1.2 Garden planning
Garden planning includes: district division, road and drainage system setting, shelter forest construction, grading and packaging workshop construction, etc. Flat land and gently sloping land with a slope of less than 6°, and planting rows are north-south. In mountainous and hilly land with a slope of 6°~20°, the planting rows are extended along the contour lines.
3.1.3 Variety selection and rootstock selection
3.1.3.1 Variety selection
Develop a variety planning plan based on the climate, combined with the variety type, maturity period, quality, storage and transportation resistance, and stress resistance; at the same time, consider comprehensive factors such as market, transportation, consumption, and social economy. The ratio of the main variety to the pollination variety is generally 5 to 8:1. When the pollen of the main variety is not mature, the ratio of the main variety to the pollination variety is increased to 2 to 41.227
NY/T 5114—2002
3.1.3.2 Rootstock selectionwww.bzxz.net
The main variety in the south is hairy peach; the main variety in the north is hairy peach or mountain peach; Gansu peach or Xinjiang peach can also be selected in the northwest. Memaguard is an excellent rootstock resistant to southern root-knot nematodes and is recommended for use in production. 3.2 Planting
3.2.1 Seedling quality
The basic quality requirements of seedlings are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Basic requirements for seedling quality
Variety and rootstock
Number of lateral roots
Thickness of lateral roots/cm
Length of lateral roots/cm
Pests and diseases
Height of seedlings/cm
Thickness of seedlings/cm
Stem inclination/(°)
Pests and diseases of branches and trunks
Number of full leaf buds in the shaping belt/piece
3.2.2 Planting||tt ||3.2.2.1 Period
Peach, Xinjiang peach
Mountain peach, Gansu peach
Biennial
One-year
Purity ≥ 95%
No root cancer and root knot nematode
No scale insects
Grafted buds are full and do not sprout
It can be planted from the time when the leaves fall in autumn to before the peach trees sprout in the next spring, and autumn planting is preferred; in areas with frost damage or dry shoots, it is suitable to plant in spring.
3.2.2.2 Density
The planting density should be determined according to the site conditions of the garden (including climate, soil and terrain, etc.), variety, shaping and pruning methods and management level, etc., and the general spacing between plants and rows is 2m~4m×4m~~6m. 3.2.2.3 Methods
The planting hole size should be 80cm×80cm×80cm, and can be appropriately increased in sandy soil. The organic fertilizer applied to the planting hole or planting ditch should be the fertilizer specified in 3.3.2.2.
Before planting, the roots of the seedlings should be soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes and then soaked in 2% lime solution for 2 minutes for disinfection. When planting seedlings, the roots should be stretched out, the seedlings should be straightened, the grafting point should face the windward direction, and the seedlings should be gently lifted up and tamped while filling the soil so that the roots are fully in close contact with the soil; the planting depth should be such that the root neck is level with the ground; after planting, water should be irrigated immediately. 228
3.3 Soil, fertilizer and water management
3.3.1 Soil management
3.3.1.1 Deep tillage and soil improvement
NY/T 5114--2002
After the fruit is harvested in autumn every year, deep tillage and soil improvement should be carried out in combination with autumn basal fertilizer application. Deep tillage is to dig a circular ditch or parallel ditch outside the planting hole (ditch), with a width of 50cm and a depth of 30cm~45cm. Deep tillage of the whole garden should turn all the soil outside the planting hole deep to a depth of 30cm~40cm. When backfilling the soil, mix organic fertilizer and then irrigate it fully.
3.3.1.2 Intertillage
After rainfall or irrigation during the growing season of the orchard, timely intertillage and soil loosening should be carried out; the intertillage depth is 5cm~10cm. 3.3.1.3 Covering and burying grass
Covering materials can be wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, hay, etc. Cover the cover under the tree canopy with a thickness of 10cm to 15cm, and press a small amount of soil on it.
3.3.1.4 Planting green manure and inter-row grass
It is recommended to implement grass system in peach orchards. The inter-crops planted should be shallow-rooted, short-stemmed plants that have no common diseases and pests with peach trees, preferably legumes and grasses. Cut them in time and bury them in the soil or cover them in the tree pit. 3.3.2 Fertilization
3.3.2.1 Principles
It should be implemented in accordance with NY/T496. The fertilizers used should not have adverse effects on the orchard environment and fruit quality, and should be fertilizers registered or exempted from registration by the agricultural administrative department. It is recommended to formulate and balance fertilization based on the nutritional analysis of soil and leaves. 3.3.2.2 Types of fertilizers allowed to be used
3.3.2.2.1 Organic fertilizers
Includes compost, liquid fertilizer, sun fertilizer, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, mud fertilizer, cake fertilizer and other farmyard manures and commercial organic fertilizers, organic compound (mixed) fertilizers, etc.; the hygienic indicators of farmyard manures shall comply with Appendix C of NY/T5002-2001. 3.3.2.2.2 Humic acid fertilizers
Includes humic acid fertilizers.
3.3.2.2.3 Chemical fertilizers
Includes fertilizers containing large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macronutrients and fertilizers containing trace amounts of trace amounts and compound fertilizers, etc. 3.3.2.2.4 Microbial fertilizers
Includes microbial preparations and fertilizers treated with microorganisms. 3.3.2.3 Matters needing attention in the use of fertilizers It is forbidden to use urban garbage that has not been harmlessly treated or garbage containing heavy metals, rubber and harmful substances; control the use of chlorine-containing fertilizers and chlorine-containing compound fertilizers.
3.3.2.4 Fertilization method and quantity
3.3.2.4. 1 Base fertilizer
Apply after the fruit is harvested in autumn, mainly farmyard manure, mixed with a small amount of chemical fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer is calculated based on 1.5kg~2.0kg of high-quality farmyard manure for 1kg of peach fruit. The application method is mainly ditch application, and the fertilization site is within the projection range of the tree crown. The fertilization method is to dig radial trenches, annular trenches or parallel trenches, with a trench depth of 30cm~45cm, so as to reach the main root distribution layer. 3.3.2.4.2 Topdressing
The frequency, time, and amount of topdressing vary according to the variety, tree age, cultivation and management methods, growth and development period, and external conditions. In the early stage of fruit development for young trees and fruit-bearing trees, topdressing is mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; in the late stage of fruit development, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used. In the early stage of high temperature, the lower limit of the use range should be applied, and foliar topdressing should be stopped within 20 days of the fruit harvest period. 3.3.3 Water management
3.3.3.1 Irrigation
The irrigation water should be pollution-free and the water quality should comply with NY5113 regulations. Water should be irrigated in time during the bud germination period, the rapid expansion period of the fruit, and before the leaves fall and freeze.
3.3.3.2 Drainage
Set up a drainage system and drain water in time through ditches during the rainy season. 3.4 Shaping and Pruning
3.4.1 Main Tree Shape
3.4.1.1 Three Main Branches Open Heart Shape
Trunk height 40cm~50cm, select three main branches, distribute them in a staggered manner on the trunk, and the main branches should not face due south; the main branch branch angle is 40°~70°; each main branch is equipped with 2~3 side branches, arranged in a forward direction, and the side branch opening angle is about 70°. 3.4.1.2 Two Main Branches Open Heart Shape
Trunk height 40cm~50cm, the angle between the two main branches is 60°~90°, and the main branches are equipped with fruiting branches or directly cultivated fruiting branches. 3.4.2 Pruning Points
3.4.2.1 Sapling Stage and Early Fruiting Period
Saplings grow vigorously, and summer pruning should be emphasized. The main task is to shape the tree, expand the crown as soon as possible, and cultivate a strong skeleton; appropriately shorten the backbone branches and extension branches, lightly cut the non-backbone branches and let them grow, so as to bear fruit early and gradually cultivate various types of fruiting branches. 3.4.2.2 Peak Fruiting Period
The main task of pruning is to maintain the balance of tree vigor in the early stage and cultivate various types of fruiting branches. In the middle and late stages, we should suppress the front and promote the back, shrink and renew, cultivate new branches, and prevent premature aging and outward migration of fruiting parts. Fruiting branches should be constantly renewed. Summer pruning should be emphasized. 3.5 Flower and Fruit Management
3.5.1 Thinning Flowers and Fruits
3.5.1.1 Principles
According to the characteristics of the variety and the maturity of the fruit, the yield is adjusted through shaping, pruning, thinning flowers and fruits, etc., generally between 1250kg and 500kg per 667m.
3.5.1.2 Period
Thinning of flowers is carried out at the big bud stage; thinning of fruits is carried out from two weeks after the flowers fall to before the hard core stage. 3.5.1.3 Method
Specific steps: first inside and then outside, first up and then down; first thinning of fruits is to remove small fruits, double fruits, deformed fruits, and fruits with diseases and insects; secondly, fruits on the fruit branches facing upward and leafless fruit branches. The best places to be selected are the fruits on both sides of the fruit branches and growing downward. Keep 3 to 4 long fruit branches, 2 to 3 medium fruit branches, and keep one or no short fruit branches or bouquet-shaped fruit branches.
3.5.2 Fruit bagging
3.5.2.1 Period and method of bagging
Bagging in time after the fruit is set. Spray fungicide and insecticide once before bagging. The order of bagging is early-maturing first and late-maturing later. Varieties with low fruit setting rate can be bagged later to reduce the empty bag rate.
3.5.2.2 Unbaging
Unbagging is generally done 10 to 20 days before the fruit matures; for varieties that are not easy to color and areas with poor light, the bags can be unbagged appropriately in advance; before unbagging, open the bottom of the single-layer bag first and gradually remove the bag; the double-layer bag should be unbaged twice, first the outer layer and then the inner layer. Areas with concentrated rain during the fruit ripening period and varieties with severe fruit cracking can also not unbag. 3.6 Disease and Pest Control
3.6.1 Prevention and Control Principles
Actively implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control". Based on agricultural and physical control, promote biological control, and use chemical control technology scientifically according to the occurrence law and economic threshold of diseases and pests; effectively control diseases and pests. 3.6.2 Agricultural Control
Reasonable pruning to keep the crown well ventilated and light-permeable; reasonable load to keep the tree strong. Take measures such as cutting off diseased and insect-infested branches, manual capture, clearing dead branches and leaves, turning tree trays, ground straw mulching, ground film covering, and scientific fertilization to inhibit or reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 230
3.6.3 Physical control
NY/T 5114—·2002
According to the biological characteristics of diseases and insect pests, use methods such as sugar and vinegar liquid, black light, tree trunks wrapped with grass handles, adhesives and insect-proof nets to lure and kill pests. 3.6.4 Biological control
Protect natural enemies such as floating insects, grass, and predatory mites. Use beneficial microorganisms or their metabolites, such as insect sex pheromones to lure and kill. 3.6.5 Chemical control
According to the biological characteristics and damage characteristics of the control targets, it is recommended to use biological pesticides and mineral pesticides (such as lime sulfur and sulfur suspension), and it is prohibited to use highly toxic, highly toxic, high residual and teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic pesticides. When using chemical pesticides, strictly follow the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8231 (all parts) to control the amount of pesticides applied and the safe interval, and comply with relevant national regulations.3 Physical control
NY/T 5114—·2002
According to the biological characteristics of pests and diseases, use methods such as sweet and sour liquid, black light, grass bundles wrapped around tree trunks, adhesives and insect-proof nets to lure and kill pests. 3.6.4 Biological control
Protect natural enemies such as floating insects, grass, and predatory mites. Use beneficial microorganisms or their metabolites, such as insect sex pheromones to lure and kill. 3.6.5 Chemical control
According to the biological characteristics and damage characteristics of the control targets, it is recommended to use biological pesticides and mineral pesticides (such as lime sulfur and sulfur suspension concentrate), and it is prohibited to use highly toxic, highly toxic, high-residue and teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic pesticides. When using chemical pesticides, strictly control the application amount and safe interval in accordance with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8231 (all parts), and comply with relevant national regulations. 2313 Physical control
NY/T 5114—·2002
According to the biological characteristics of pests and diseases, use methods such as sweet and sour liquid, black light, grass bundles wrapped around tree trunks, adhesives and insect-proof nets to lure and kill pests. 3.6.4 Biological control
Protect natural enemies such as floating insects, grass, and predatory mites. Use beneficial microorganisms or their metabolites, such as insect sex pheromones to lure and kill. 3.6.5 Chemical control
According to the biological characteristics and damage characteristics of the control targets, it is recommended to use biological pesticides and mineral pesticides (such as lime sulfur and sulfur suspension concentrate), and it is prohibited to use highly toxic, highly toxic, high-residue and teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic pesticides. When using chemical pesticides, strictly control the application amount and safe interval in accordance with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8231 (all parts), and comply with relevant national regulations. 231
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