Some standard content:
872 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety regulations for tower cranes
GB 5144 - 1994
Replaces GB5144-85
1. Subject content write Scope of application
This standard specifies the safety technical requirements for the design, manufacture, installation, use, maintenance and inspection of tower cranes for construction.
This standard applies to all kinds of tower cranes for construction (hereinafter referred to as cranes). This standard does not apply to truck-type, tire-type and crawler-type tower cranes. 2 Reference standards
GB5972 Practical specification for inspection and scrapping of wire ropes for lifting machinery GB5973 Wedge-shaped joints for wire ropes
GB5975
GB 5976
GB 9462
Pressure plates for wire ropes
Wire rope clamps
Technical conditions for tower cranes
Mechanical properties, lifting capacity, stress and materials of lifting hooks GB 10051.1
GB10672 Technical conditions for wheels of tower cranes GB10673 Technical conditions for driver's cabs of tower cranes GB/T13752 Design specifications for tower cranes
ZBJ80012 Operating procedures for tower cranes 3 Complete machine
3.1 The working conditions of the crane shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB9462. 3.2 The anti-tilting stability of the whole crane (including working and non-working) shall comply with the relevant provisions of Article 4.3 of GB/T13752.
3.3 The crane shall ensure that the counterweight does not move or fall off when it is working normally or starting to tip over. When using bulk materials as counterweights, a counterweight box should be used. The counterweight box should be able to drain water smoothly without the bulk materials falling. 3.4 The product label and production license logo should be fixed in a conspicuous position when the crane leaves the factory. 3.5 The random technical documents that need to be provided when the crane leaves the factory should comply with the relevant provisions of CB9462. 3.6 The user unit shall establish an equipment file for the crane, which shall include: a. The time and installation location of each activation;
b. Records of daily use maintenance, repair, change, inspection and testing; c. Records of equipment and personal accidents;
d. Problems and evaluations of the equipment.
4 Structure
Part 4 Standards and Specifications 873
The materials used for crane structural parts shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.4.1.1 of GB/T13752. 4.1 Connection
4.1.1 Welding
The welds of the main load-bearing components must be inspected for quality to ensure that they meet the design requirements. 4.1.2 Bolt and pin connection
4.1.2.1 The materials of bolts and pins used for crane connection shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.4.2.2 of GB/T13752. 4.1.2.2 When bolts and pins are used for connection, the relevant provisions and use requirements of CB9462 shall be met. 4.1.2.3 When high-strength bolts are used for connection, the connection surface shall be cleaned of dust, paint, oil stains and rust. A torque wrench or special wrench must be used to tighten according to the assembly technical requirements. The crane must be equipped with such a wrench when it leaves the factory. 4.2 Ladders and guard rings
4.2.1 A ladder that is set at an angle of no more than 65° to the horizontal plane is called an inclined ladder. Handrails of no less than 1m high should be set on both sides of the inclined ladder. The handrails are supported on the vertical bars on both sides of the steps, and the middle of the vertical bars on each side should be connected by horizontal bars.
The steps of the inclined ladder should be made of metal materials with anti-slip properties. The horizontal width of the steps should not be less than 300mm, the step interval should not be more than 300mm, and the width between the handrails of the inclined ladder should not be less than 600mm. 4.2.2 A ladder that is set at an angle of 75°~90° to the horizontal plane is called a vertical ladder. The vertical ladder should meet the following conditions: a. The width between the two support bars of the vertical ladder is not less than 300mm; b. The step interval is 250~300mm;
c. The distance between the step bar of the vertical ladder and the main structure web bar behind is not less than 160mm; d. The diameter of the step bar is not less than 16mm.
4.2.3 Ladders are not allowed to be set up between 65° and 75° with the horizontal plane. 4.2.4 Vertical ladders above 2m above the ground should be equipped with guard rings, which should meet the following conditions: a. The minimum diameter of the guard ring is 650mm;
b. The spacing between the guard rings is 700±50mm;
c. The side of the guard ring is connected by three strips evenly distributed along the circumference of the guard ring; d. Any point of the guard ring should be able to withstand a concentrated load of 1000N. When the ladder is set inside the crane structure, the distance between the ladder and the structure is less than 1.2m, and the guard ring is not required. 4.3 Platforms, walkways, baffles and railings
4.3.1 Platforms, walkways, baffles and railings should be set up at the operation and maintenance locations. 4.3.2 Platforms and walkways above 2m above the ground should be made of metal materials and have anti-slip properties. When using circular holes, grid holes or other materials that cannot form a continuous plane, the size of the hole or gap should not allow a sphere with a diameter of 20mm to pass through. In any case, the area of the hole or gap should be less than 400mm2. 4.3.3 The width of the platform and walkway should be not less than 500mm and can withstand a mobile concentrated load of 3000N. A baffle of not less than 150mm high should be set at the edge.
4.3.4 Platforms and walkways above 2m from the ground should be equipped with handrails to prevent operators from falling. The height of the handrail should be not less than 1m and can withstand a horizontal mobile concentrated load of 1000N. An intermediate handrail should be set at the half height of the railing.
4.3.5 Except for fast-installation tower cranes, a small rest platform should be set when the ladder height exceeds 10m. 874 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 4.3.5.1 The first small rest platform of the ladder should be set at a height not exceeding 10m, and then one should be set every 6 to 8m.
4.3.5.2 When the end of the ladder is connected to the small platform, the step pedal or treadle should not exceed its plane. The guard ring and handrail should extend to the height of the small platform railing, and a 50mm wide walkway should be set. Within the width of the ladder, the height of the small platform baffle can be 50mm, and the center line of the first step pedal or treadle under the small platform should not be more than 150mm from the small platform surface. 4.3.5.3 If the ladder is not interrupted at the small platform, the guard ring should not be interrupted. However, a hole with a width of 0.5m and a height of 1.4m must be opened on the side of the guard ring to facilitate exit from the small platform. 4.4 Boom walkway
4.4.1 For a boom with a trolley variable amplitude, the walkway should be set inside the boom. a. When the height of the boom section is less than 1.5m, the arrangement of the platform and handrails is shown in Figure 1.300
b. When the height of the boom section is between 1.6 and 1.8m, the arrangement of the platform and handrails is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2
c. When the height of the boom section is greater than 1.8m, the arrangement of the platform and handrails is shown in Figure 3. +
Part 4 Standards and Specifications875
4.4.2 When a safe working platform that moves with the trolley is provided on a fast-installed tower crane or a luffing trolley, a boom walkway may not be provided.
4.5 Driver's Cab
4.5.1 For cranes with trolley luffing and the lifting height exceeds 30m; for cranes with boom luffing and the height of the boom hinge point from the top of the rail or the working surface exceeds 25m, a driver's cab with a seat and capable of rotating with the crane shall be provided on the upper part of the crane.
The driver's cab cannot be hung on the boom, but can be attached to the slewing. Its position should not be directly below the boom. Under normal working conditions, the movable parts of the crane will not hit the driver's cab. If the driver's cab is installed in the slewing tower structure, the driver's field of vision should be wide. 4.5.2 Other safety requirements for the driver's cab should comply with the relevant provisions of GB10673. 4.6 Structural scrapping
4.6.1 The calculated stress of the main structural parts of the crane increases due to corrosion. When it exceeds 15% of the original calculated stress, it should be scrapped. For those without calculation conditions, when the corrosion depth reaches 10% of the original thickness, it should be scrapped. 4.6.2 The main load-bearing components of the crane, such as the tower body and boom, should be replaced or repaired after instability or damage. The stress of the structure should not be lower than the original calculated stress, otherwise it should be scrapped. 4.6.3 When cracks appear in the structural parts and welds of the crane, the cause should be analyzed. According to the stress and crack conditions, measures such as strengthening or re-welding should be taken to prevent the cracks from developing. Those whose materials do not meet the requirements should be scrapped.
5 Mechanisms and parts
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Parts whose movement may cause danger to the human body during normal operation or maintenance should be equipped with protective devices. 5.1.2 Effective measures should be taken to prevent the parts on the crane from falling and causing danger. Removable parts such as covers, boxes and shells should be firmly connected to the support to prevent them from falling. 5.1.3. A device should be provided to prevent the trolley from derailing during operation. Even if the axle breaks, the trolley cannot fall. 5.2 Wire rope
5.2.1 The calculation and selection of the wire rope diameter shall comply with the provisions of Article 6.4.2 of GB/T13752. When the crane is working, the actual diameter of the load-bearing wire rope shall not be less than 6mm. 5.2.2 The type, specification and length of the wire rope shall be stated in the instruction manual. 5.2.3 The installation, maintenance, care, inspection and scrapping of the wire rope shall comply with the relevant provisions of CB5972. 5.2.4 The fixing of the ends of the wire rope shall meet the following requirements: a. When fixing with wire rope clamps, it shall comply with the provisions of GB5976, and the fixing strength shall not be less than 85% of the breaking tension of the wire rope;
b. When fixing with knots, the knot length shall not be less than 20 times the diameter of the wire rope and not less than 300mm, and the fixing strength shall not be less than 75% of the breaking tension of the wire rope; C. When fixing with wedges and wedge sleeves, the wedges and wedge sleeves shall comply with the provisions of GB5973. The fixing strength should not be less than 75% of the breaking tension of the steel wire rope;
d. When fixing by the conical sleeve casting method, the fixing strength should reach the breaking tension of the steel wire rope; e. When fixing by the aluminum alloy pressing method, the aluminum alloy sleeve and the steel wire rope should be tightly and firmly fitted by a reliable process method, and the fixing strength should reach 90% of the breaking tension of the steel wire rope; f. When fixing by a pressure plate, the pressure plate should comply with the provisions of CB5975, and the fixing strength should reach the breaking tension of the steel wire rope. 876·Compilation of laws, regulations and standards on construction safety 5.3 Hooks
5.3.1 The design, calculation and selection of the hooks should comply with the provisions of GB10051.1, and the hooks should be equipped with anti-drop claws. 5.3.2 It is forbidden to repair the welding of the hook. If any of the following conditions are found, the hook shall be scrapped: a. Cracks and breaks are found on the surface when observed with a 20x magnifying glass; b. Dangerous sections such as the hook tail and threaded part and the hook reinforcement are permanently deformed; c. The wear of the section at the hanging rope exceeds 10% of the original height; d. The wear of the mandrel exceeds 5% of its diameter; e. The opening is 15% larger than the original size.
5.4 Drum and pulley
5.4.1 The calculation of the minimum winding diameter of the drum and pulley shall comply with the provisions of Article 6.4.3.1 of GB/T13752. 5.4.2 The height of the edges on both sides of the drum shall exceed that of the outermost wire rope, and its value shall not be less than 2 times the diameter of the wire rope. 5.4.3 The pulley shall be equipped with a device to prevent the wire rope from jumping out of the groove. 5.4.4 The fixing of the wire rope on the drum shall be safe and reliable and comply with the relevant requirements of Article 5.2.4 of this standard. After the wire rope is released to its maximum working length, at least 3 turns of wire rope should be retained on the drum. 5.4.5 When the maximum lifting weight does not exceed 1t, the trolley traction mechanism is allowed to adopt friction traction and should be equipped with a fixed end point of the wire rope.
5.4.6 The drum and pulley should be scrapped if any of the following conditions occur: a. Cracks or wheel rim damage;
b. The wear of the drum wall reaches 10% of the original wall thickness; c. The wear of the pulley rope groove wall reaches 20% of the original wall thickness; d. The wear of the pulley groove bottom exceeds 25% of the corresponding wire rope diameter. 5.5 Brake
5.5.1 Each set of mechanisms on the crane should be equipped with a brake or a device with equivalent functions. For electrically driven cranes, it is not allowed to cause the movement of each mechanism to lose control when a large voltage drop occurs or when the electrical protection element is activated. If the speed change mechanism has an intermediate position, a brake or other device must be used to automatically stop the load when shifting gears.
5.5.2 The selection of brakes for each mechanism shall comply with the relevant provisions of Article 6.2 of GB/T13752. 5.5.3 Brake parts shall be scrapped if they have any of the following conditions: a. Cracks; Www.bzxZ.net
b. Brake pad friction lining wear reaches 50% of the original lining thickness; c. Brake wheel surface wear reaches 1.5~2mm (the larger value is taken for the larger diameter and the smaller value is taken for the smaller diameter); d. Springs undergo plastic deformation;
e. The idle travel of the electromagnet lever system exceeds 10% of its rated travel. 5.6 Wheels
5.6.1 The calculation and selection of wheels shall comply with the provisions of Article 6.4.4 of GB/T13752. 5.6.2 The safety requirements of wheels shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB10672. 5.6.3 The wheels shall be scrapped if any of the following conditions are found: a. Cracks;
b. The wear of the wheel tread reaches 15% of the original thickness; c. The wear of the wheel rim reaches 50% of the original thickness. 6 Safety devices
6.1 Lifting capacity limiter
Part 4 Standards and specifications 877
Crane shall be equipped with lifting capacity limiter. If the lifting capacity display device is provided for cranes with a maximum lifting capacity greater than 6t, the numerical error shall not be greater than 5% of the indicated value. When the lifting capacity is greater than the rated value under the corresponding working condition and less than 110% of the rated value, the power supply in the ascending direction shall be cut off, but the mechanism may move in the descending direction.
6.2 Lifting torque limiter
Crane shall be equipped with lifting torque limiter. When the lifting torque is greater than the rated value under the corresponding working condition and less than 110% of the rated value, the power supply in the ascending and amplitude increasing direction shall be cut off, but the mechanism may move in the descending and amplitude decreasing direction. 6.3 Travel limit
6.3.1 Travel limit
Travel limit switches should be installed in each running direction of the operating mechanism of rail-mounted cranes. A limit switch stop should be installed at the end of the travel. The installation position of the stop should fully consider the braking travel of the crane to ensure that the crane can stop automatically when it enters the end of the track or when it is within a range of not less than 0.5m from other cranes on the same track. The installation distance of the stop should be less than the cable length.
6.3.2 Amplitude limit
6.3.2.1 Amplitude limit devices should be installed on cranes with trolley amplitude change. For cranes with a maximum amplitude change speed exceeding 40m/min, when the trolley moves outward, when the lifting torque reaches 80% of the rated value, it should automatically switch to low-speed operation. 6.3.2.2 Boom cranes should be equipped with amplitude limit switches for the low and high positions of the boom, as well as devices to prevent the boom from rebounding and tipping over.
6.3.3 Lifting height limit
The crane should be equipped with a lifting height limiter at the upper limit position of the hook. For cranes with variable trolley length, the lifting height limiter should ensure that the power supply in the ascending direction is immediately cut off when the distance from the top of the hook frame to the lower end of the trolley frame meets the requirements of GB9462.
The limiter at the lower limit position of the hook can be set according to user requirements. 6.3.4 Slewing limit
For cranes without collectors on the slewing part, a slewing limiter should be installed. The slewing part of the crane must be able to rotate freely in the non-working state; for slewing mechanisms with self-locking function, a safety limit torque coupling should be installed. 6.4 Trolley rope break protection device
For cranes with variable trolley length, a trolley rope break protection device should be installed. 6.5 Anemometer
For cranes with a hinge point height of more than 50m at the root of the boom, an anemometer should be installed. When the wind speed is greater than the working limit wind speed, an alarm should be issued to stop the operation.
The anemometer should be installed in a place that is not blocked by the wind between the top of the crane and the highest position of the sling. 6.6 Track clamps
Rail cranes must be equipped with track clamps, which should ensure that the crane cannot move on the track when not in operation.
6.7 Buffers
878 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards on construction safety A baffle should be installed at the end of the trolley (car) track. The buffer is installed on the baffle or the crane. When the crane collides with the baffle at the end of the track, the buffer must ensure that the crane can stop relatively smoothly without causing a violent impact. The design of the buffer should comply with the provisions of Article 6.4.9 of GB/T13752. 6.8 Baffle
For cranes traveling on rails, obstacle-clearing baffles shall be installed on the trolley frame. The gap between the baffle and the rail shall not be greater than Smm.
6.9 Pulley Block
Pulley blocks that can be touched by human hands shall be equipped with protective devices to prevent hands from squeezing between the wire rope and the pulley. For lifting pulley blocks that can change the ratio, a device that can change the ratio without touching the wire rope with hands shall be configured. 7 Control System
7.1 The design and layout of the control system shall avoid the possibility of misoperation and ensure that the crane can operate safely and reliably during normal use.
7.2 All control handles, hand wheels, buttons and pedals shall be set according to the functional requirements related to ergonomics, and sufficient operating space shall be ensured.
7.3 Control handles or wheel controllers are generally selected. The right hand is used to control the lifting and traveling mechanism, and the left hand is used to control the slewing and trolley or boom luffing mechanism.
7.3.1 When the handle is used for control operation, the movement direction of the mechanism is consistent with the handle direction specified in Table 1. Table 1
Mechanism movement direction
Lifting, luffing mechanism
Slewing mechanism
Lifting, inward luffing
Descending, outward luffing
Rightward rotation
Leftward rotation
Handle direction
Toward the driver (handle backward)
Away from the driver (handle forward)
Handle to the right
Handle to the left
7.3.2 When the wheel controller is used for operation, the movement direction of the mechanism is consistent with the handwheel rotation direction specified in Table 2. Table 2
Direction of mechanism movement
Lifting, inward amplitude change
Rightward rotation
Descending, outward amplitude change
Leftward rotation
Direction of handwheel rotation
Clockwise rotation
Counterclockwise rotation
7.4 The operation should be light and flexible, and the operating force and operating stroke should meet the following requirements: a. The manual operating force is not greater than 100N, and the operating stroke is not greater than 400mm; b. The pedal operating force is not greater than 200N, and the pedal stroke is not greater than 200mm. 7.5 There should be eye-catching signs indicating the purpose and operating direction near all handles, handwheels, buttons and pedals.
7.6 The crane performance sign should be placed in a conspicuous position in the driver's cab. 8 Electrical system
8.1 General provisions
Part IV Standards and specifications879
8.1.1 Electrical equipment must ensure accurate and reliable transmission and control performance, and can cut off the power supply and stop the machine safely in an emergency. The circuit shall not be changed arbitrarily during installation, maintenance, adjustment and use. 8.1.2 The selection of electrical components shall take into account the characteristics of large vibration, frequent power connection and outdoor operation when the crane is working. 8.1.3 The metal structure of the crane, the track and the metal casing of all electrical equipment, the metal wire pipe, the low-voltage side of the transformer of the safety lighting, etc. shall be reliably grounded. The grounding resistance shall not exceed 42. The selection and installation of the grounding device shall comply with the relevant electrical safety requirements.
8.1.4 Electrical equipment must be installed firmly. Electric appliances that need to be shockproof should have shockproof measures. 8.1.5 The electrical connection should have good contact to prevent loosening. Wires and wire harnesses should be fixed with clips to prevent swinging. 8.1.6 The electrical cabinet (distribution box) should have a door lock. There should be schematic diagrams and wiring diagrams, operating instructions and warning signs inside the door.
8.2 Electrical control and operation
8.2.1 Electrical control equipment and components should be installed in the cabinet, which can be protected from rain and dust. Resistors should be installed in the electrical room or in places that are not easily accessible to workers, and protective measures should be taken. 8.2.2 When using a wired remote control device, the ground control station and the control in the driver's room must have an electrical interlock. A dedicated grounding wire must be connected between the non-electrical metal shell of the ground control device and the crane structure. The grounding resistance requirements must comply with the provisions of Article 8.1.3 of this standard.
8.2.3 When wireless remote control is used for operation, it must be able to stop working automatically when it loses control. 8.2.4 When using a linkage console for operation, the linkage console must have a zero-position self-locking function. 8.2.5 The control system should be equipped with an audible signal, which should serve as an alarm for the workplace. 8.2.6 The protective neutral wire and the grounding wire must be separated and must not be used as a current-carrying circuit. 8.3 Electrical protection
8.3.1 The crane should be equipped with short-circuit and overcurrent protection, undervoltage, overvoltage and loss of pressure protection, zero position protection, power supply phase error and phase failure protection according to the requirements of Article 7.7 of GB/T13752. 8.3.2 The crane must be equipped with an emergency power-off switch, which should be able to cut off the crane's total control power supply in an emergency. The emergency power-off switch should be located in a place where the driver can operate it easily. 8.3.3 A main isolating switch should be installed at the crane's line entry, or other isolation measures should be taken. The isolating switch should be clearly marked. 8.3.4 The travel limit switch should be able to safely and reliably stop the movement of the mechanism, but the mechanism can move in the opposite direction. 8.4 Lighting and signal
8.4.1 The crane should have good lighting. A dedicated circuit should be set up for lighting to ensure that the power supply is not affected by shutdown. 8.4.2 The power supply voltage of fixed lighting devices should not exceed 220V. It is strictly forbidden to use metal structures as the circuit of the lighting circuit.
The power supply voltage of portable lighting devices should not exceed 48V. It is strictly forbidden to use autotransformers for AC power supply. 8.4.3 The illumination of the crane driver's room should not be less than 30lx. 8.4.4 The illumination of the crane electrical room and the special elevator for locomotive maintenance should not be less than 5lx. 8.4.5 Cranes with tower tops higher than 30m should install red obstacle indicators on the tower top and both arm ends, and ensure that the power supply is not affected by shutdown.
880 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 8.4.6 Cranes that are towed as a whole should be equipped with DC 24V width lights, height indicators, length indicators, turn indicators and brake lights when towing.
8.4.7 For cranes working at night, spotlights facing the working surface should be installed on the tower body or other parts. 8.4.8 Cranes should be equipped with a signal indicating the on and off status of the main power supply in a conspicuous position in the driver's room. 8.4.9 The indication signal or sound alarm signal of the safety device shall be set in a place within the sight and hearing of the driver and relevant personnel.
8.5 Wires and their laying
8.5.1 The calculation and design of the cross-sectional area of the wires shall comply with the relevant provisions of Article 7.5 of GB/T13752. 8.5.2 If the wires are laid in metal pipes, the metal pipes shall be treated with anti-corrosion. If metal wire troughs or metal hoses are used instead, good rain and anti-corrosion measures must be taken. 8.5.3 The power cable of the crane shall be a heavy rubber-sheathed cable, and a special core wire or a protective grounding wire made of metal sheath shall be provided.
8.5.4 Lighting and heating wires should be laid separately. 8.5.5 The outdoor junction box at the connection and branch of the wires must be waterproof, and the wire holes should be covered with sheaths. 8.5.6 Both ends of the wires shall have permanent marks consistent with the schematic diagram and wire connectors for connection. 8.5.7 The bending radius of fixed cables shall not be less than 5 times the outer diameter of the cables. Except for cable reels, the bending radius of movable cables shall not be less than 8 times the outer diameter of the cables. 8.5.8 It is strictly forbidden to use the grounding wire as the current-carrying neutral wire.
8.6 Cable reels
8.6.1 The power cable reels of rail-mounted cranes shall have tensioning devices to prevent the cables from being tangled or falling on the tracks. The cable reeling speed shall be synchronized with the operating speed of the crane. 8.6.2 The connection of the cable on the reel must be firm to protect the electrical contacts from being pulled. 8.7 Collectors
8.7.1 The collector slip rings shall meet the requirements of the corresponding voltage level and current capacity. Each slip ring has at least ~ pairs of carbon brushes, and the contact area between the carbon brushes and the rings shall not be less than 80%, and the contact shall be stable. 8.7.2 The insulation resistance between slip rings shall not be less than 1M2. The minimum spacing between slip rings shall not be less than 6mm, and they shall pass the withstand voltage test without breakdown or flashover.
9 Hydraulic system
9.1 The hydraulic system should have safety devices to prevent overload and hydraulic shock. The adjustment pressure of the safety relief valve shall not be greater than 110% of the rated working pressure of the system, and the rated working pressure of the system shall not be greater than the rated pressure of the hydraulic pump. Item 9.2 The lifting hydraulic cylinder must have a reliable balance valve or hydraulic lock, and the balance valve or hydraulic lock and the hydraulic cylinder shall not be connected by a hose.
10 Installation and testing
10.1 The installation and erection of the crane shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions and precautions in the instruction manual. The erection mechanism (the mechanism of the crane itself) shall be checked before the crane is erected. Ensure that the mechanism is in normal condition.
10.2 The wind speed during installation shall comply with the relevant provisions in GB9462, unless otherwise specified in the instruction manual.
10.3 In places with buildings, it should be noted that the distance between the tail of the crane and the building and the construction facilities outside the building is not less than 0.5m.
Part 4 Standards and Specifications
10.4 Where there are overhead power lines, the safe distance between any part of the crane and the power lines shall comply with the provisions of Table 3 to prevent the crane structure from entering the danger zone of the power lines. Table 3
Voltage, kv
Safety distance m
Along the vertical direction
Along the horizontal direction
20 ~40
60~110
If the conditions cannot guarantee the safety distance in Table 3, consultation should be carried out with the relevant departments and safety protection measures should be taken before the crane can be erected.
10.5 The minimum erection distance between two cranes should ensure that there is at least 2m between the boom end of the low-position crane and the tower of the other crane; the vertical distance between the lowest part of the high-position crane (the hook is raised to the highest point or the counterweight at the highest position) and the highest part of the low-position crane shall not be less than 2m10.6 Foundation and track
10.6.1 Concrete foundation
When a fixed crane sets up a concrete foundation according to the design requirements, the foundation must be able to withstand the maximum load in the working state and the non-working state, and must meet the requirements of the crane's anti-overturning stability. The calculation of the concrete foundation's anti-overturning stability and the calculation of the ground compressive stress shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.6.3 of GB/T13752.
10.6.2 Gravel foundation
10.6.2.1 When the crane track is located above an underground building (such as a culvert, air-raid shelter, etc.), reinforcement measures must be taken.
10.6.2.2 The road surface before laying the gravel must be compacted according to the design requirements, the gravel foundation must be leveled and compacted, and the space between the sleepers should be filled with gravel.
10.6.2.3 Drainage ditches should be set on both sides or in the middle of the roadbed to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the roadbed. 10.6.3 Track
10.6.3.1 The crane track shall be reliably connected to the sleeper through the pad, and a gauge tie rod shall be provided every 6m. The track shall not move during use.
10.6.3.2 The rail joints must be supported by sleepers and shall not be suspended. 10.6.3.3 The crane track shall meet the following requirements after installation: a. The inclination of the track top surface in the longitudinal and transverse directions shall not exceed 1/1000; b. The gauge error shall not exceed 1/1000 of the nominal value, and its absolute value shall not exceed 6mm; c. The gap between the rail joints shall not exceed 4mm, and the gap with the rail joint on the other side shall be staggered by a distance of not less than 1.5m, and the height difference between the two rail tops at the joint shall not exceed 2mm.
10.7 Test
10.7.1 The transmission mechanisms, hydraulic jacking and various safety devices of the newly designed cranes must be tested for various components according to the relevant special test standards, and they can be installed only after obtaining the test certificate. 10.7.2 After the crane is installed, the rated lifting weight at the maximum lifting weight and the maximum amplitude must be lifted before it is put into use! Make each mechanism perform a cycle of operation. And all safety devices should be debugged and tested to see if they can work correctly. 882
Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 11 Operation and use
11.1 The operation and use of the crane and the use and requirements for drivers, disassemblers and commanders should comply with the relevant provisions of ZBJ80012.
11.2 Under normal working conditions, the operation should be carried out according to the command signal. However, for special circumstances, the emergency stop signal should be executed immediately regardless of who issues it.
Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Construction Machinery Comprehensive Research Institute, the Ministry of Construction's machinery, equipment and vehicle standard technology management unit. This standard is drafted by the Beijing Construction Machinery Comprehensive Research Institute, Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute and Beijing Construction Engineering Machinery Factory. This standard is entrusted to the Beijing Construction Machinery Comprehensive Research Institute for interpretation. The main drafters of this standard are Zhang Meijia, Lang Yuan and Xu Weijia.
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.