Some standard content:
ICS55.020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 16716.3—2010
Packaging and packaging waste-Part 3: Prevention by source reduction2010-08-09 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Digital Anti-Counterfeiting
Today's Ban District
2011-01-01 Implementation
http://foodmate.netForeword
GB/T1671S "Packaging and packaging waste is divided into seven parts: Part 1: General principles for treatment and utilization;
\Part 2: Evaluation methods and procedures:
-Part 3: Pre-reduction;
Part 4: Reuse;
Part 5: Material recycling;
-Part 6: Energy recovery and utilization:
Part 7: Biodegradation and male fertilizer
This part is Part 3 of GB/T 16716. GB/T16716.3—2010
This part is modified to adopt EV13428-2004 "Specific requirements for packaging manufacturing and ingredients - Pre-reduction of dosage" (American version). Compared with EN13428-2001, this part has the following technical differences: Note 1 of 3.6 in EN13428-2004 is deleted. Because the Dangerous Substances Directive 67/548/EEC and its amendments and the Dangerous Preparations Directive 1999/45/EC mentioned in this note are not applicable in my country for the time being, the corresponding directory of current Chinese standards for formulating chemical safety data sheets is given in the added Appendix E; the statements about substances or preparations classified as environmentally hazardous with the symbol \N\ in the second paragraph of 4.2.1, the first item of the second paragraph of 1.2.3 and the second paragraph of 4.2.3 in EN13428-2004 have been deleted. Because the corresponding current Chinese standards have not yet marked the symbol "N\ for substances or preparations that are hazardous to the environment: the note of the first paragraph of 4.2.3 in EN13428-2004 has been deleted, and this note has been slightly modified as a note to this article, so that the current standards of my country can be applied to formulate chemical safety data sheets; a note has been added under 4.3.3 to explain the specific circumstances in which the requirements for appropriate reduction of heavy metal content are allowed. For ease of use, this part also makes the following editorial changes to EN13428-2004: a) "This European Standard" is changed to "This Part", b) the table of contents, foreword, introduction and Appendix ZA of the European Standard are deleted, c) "EN13427" is replaced by GB/T16716.2; d) EN13193 is replaced by GB/T23156. Appendix C of this part is normative, and Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix D and Appendix E are informative. This part is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Packaging Standardization. This part is drafted by the China Export Commodity Packaging Research Institute, and Shandong Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute and Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. participated in the chapter.
The main drafters of this part are Wang Yuande, Li Jianhua, Guo Zhenmei, Sun Qi, Zhou Jiadu and Shao Yonghong. Foodmate Europe ht
http://foodmate.net1 Scope
Packaging and packaging waste
Part 3: Preliminary reduction
GB/T16716.3-2010
This part of GB/T16716 stipulates "Requirements, methods, procedures and criteria for pre-assessment of the amount of packaging or packaging materials and their heavy metal and chemical content, based on the following: the function of the supply chain and the use process;
: the hygiene and safety of products and consumers (users); consumers (users) accept:
This part applies to the pre-assessment of the amount of packaging or packaging products put on the market or delivered for use2 Normative references
The provisions of the following documents are beyond this part of GB/T16716 The terms of this part are incorporated by reference. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part; however, parties to an agreement based on this part are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version applies to this part
GB/T16716.1-2008 Packaging and packaging waste Part 1: General principles for treatment and utilization GB/T16716.2-2010 Packaging and packaging waste Part 2: Assessment methods and procedures GB/T23156 Packaging Packaging and environmental terminology
CEVCR13695-1-2000 Packaging testing and verification Four heavy metals and other hazardous substances in packaging and their release into the environment Part 1: Testing and verification of packaging Requirements for four heavy metals in packaging CEVTR13695-2-2004 Packaging testing and verification of four heavy metals and other hazardous substances in packaging and their release to the environment Part 2: Requirements for testing and verification of hazardous substances in packaging and their release to the environment 3 Terms and definitions
GB/T23156 established and the following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T16716. 3.1
Prevention by source reduction Prevention by source reduction Measures taken in advance to reduce resource consumption and adverse impacts on the environment, so that the first layer, second layer (or) third layer of the packaging meets its function and the mass (volume) of the packaging reaches an appropriate level of usage under conditions acceptable to consumers (users). Note: Replacing one packaging material with another is not considered as reducing usage. 3.2
Critical area for source reduction The judgment area where the mass (volume) of the packaging is further reduced, which will endanger its function and safety, or lead to unacceptable to consumers (users). 3.3
Supplier
The operator who is responsible for the packaging or packaging products placed on the market or delivered for use [GB/T16716.2-2010, definition 3.1]
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GB/T16716.3—2010
Substances
Chemical elements and their compounds in the natural state or obtained through any production process, including any additives required to maintain the stability of the product, any impurities from the production process, but excluding any solvents that can be decomposed without affecting the stability of the substance or changes in composition.
Preparations
Mixtures or solutions composed of two or more substances. 3.6
Safety datasheets
Informative technical documents prepared by the person responsible for the hazardous substance or preparation (which may be the manufacturer, importer or distributor) intended to be placed on the market or delivered for use, so that any industrial user who comes into contact with the substance or preparation can easily accept it and should be attached. Note: The safety data sheet should include 16 items. Information on the ingredients of the hazardous substance or preparation is the second item. Item 12 (ecological information) requires the statement of the most important characteristics, that is, the environmental impact that may be caused by the nature of the substance or preparation and the feasible use methods. Similar information on changes in the properties of hazardous products due to degradation of the quality of the substance or preparation should also be provided. See CENTR13695-2-2004. 4 Requirements
4.1 Application
For detailed description of all applications of this part, see GB/T 16716.2.4.2 Packaging evaluation
4.2.1 Overview
It shall be demonstrated that the packaging meets all performance criteria, including those in Chapter 5, and complies with the requirements for appropriate use (mass or volume) according to the critical ranges defined in 1.2.2.
It shall be demonstrated that the limits of environmentally hazardous substances or preparations in the packaging components comply with the provisions of Annex C according to the evaluation procedures given in Annex D.
It shall be demonstrated that the presence of lead, irradiation, chromium and hexavalent chromium in the packaging components complies with the permitted limits according to 4.2.4. 4.2.2 Definition of critical ranges
The critical ranges shall be defined based on the minimum limits specified in this part. When no critical range is determined for a package, it is not within the scope of the requirements of this part. Potential or further reductions should be further studied. It should be evaluated according to all the clauses of the guidelines and meet the requirements of 4.2.1. The dosage should be controlled and reduced according to the determined critical range. 4.2.3 Determination of hazardous substances or preparations
The corresponding safety data sheet should be used to determine whether the packaging and its residues during production operations or packaging waste are present in smoke, fly ash or leachate during incineration or disposal. The supplier should request the safety data sheet for hazardous substances or preparations from the upstream of the supply chain (see definition in 3.6). The content of hazardous substances or preparations can be tested and/or calculated based on relevant common formulas and manufacturing process information. When the hazardous substance or preparation reaches a certain content or content range, it may endanger environmental safety: Item 2 of the safety data sheet "Composition (ingredient information)" should be clearly stated. The standards based on which the chemical safety data sheet is prepared are shown in Appendix E. Note: Appendix E gives a list of standards based on which the chemical safety data sheet is prepared, in place of the documents cited in EN13428. The names of the documents cited here are shown in the references.
4.2.4 Determination of Heavy Metals
When heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium) are present in packaging ingredients, the supplier shall obtain the conclusion through testing and/or calculation, or trace the relevant information upstream in the supply chain.
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4.3 Declaration of Conformity
4.3.1 Declaration of Pre-reduction
The supplier shall:
Prepare a written declaration of conformity with 4.2.1 and 4.2.2; GB/T16716.3-2010
Develop informative documents, which may include details of other performance criteria to be developed, clearly express the essential characteristics of the packaging and the identified, reasonably effective functions; List the basis for the declaration of conformity, see Appendix B for examples, or provide informative documents that meet all the performance criteria specified in Chapter 5.
4.3.2 Declaration of Control of Hazardous Substances or Preparations The supplier shall:
Prepare a written declaration in accordance with 4.2.1 and 4.2.2; -Confirm the presence of hazardous substances or preparations in the packaging components obtained from the safety data sheet, and give the necessary instructions for the substances that may be present in the smoke, fly ash or leachate and their treatment process. When hazardous substances or preparations are present, the corresponding information documents shall be attached. The treatment process information of the substance or preparation is used to demonstrate that the control measures have achieved the performance criteria specified in Chapter 5. The application method is in accordance with Appendix C. 4.3.3 Declaration of Conformity for Control of the Presence of Heavy Metals The supplier shall: bzxz.net
Confirm that the total content of heavy metals does not exceed the allowable value specified in GB/T16716.1. Packaging that can appropriately reduce the requirements is not included. The evaluation conclusions are obtained and recorded according to the method given in Chapter 8 of CENCR13695-12000. 5 Performance criteria evaluation content
Product protection;
Packaging manufacturing process:
Packaging (packaging) operation:
Logistics (including transportation, storage and operation); Introduction and distribution of products;
Consumer (user) acceptance:
Information:
-Safety:
Regulations;
-Others.
1) Packaging that is reused in a controlled closed circulation system can conditionally and appropriately reduce the requirements, such as monolithic pallets or turnover boxes. Packaging for certain special occasions or special purposes, such as medical equipment, drugs, small-sized packaging, etc., may need to appropriately reduce the requirements. See 8.3 of CENCR13695-1-2000 for details.
The lead content in lead-free glass (water-free glass) packaging products is not subject to this limit. See 8.3 and Appendix D2 (b) of CEVCR13695-1-20CO for details. 3
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GB/T16716.3—2010
A.1 Overview
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Evaluation of Minimum and Appropriate Mass (Volume) of Packaging This appendix provides the evaluation of pre-reduction of packaging, aiming to provide a basis for suppliers and users to reach a consensus on the finalization of new packaging. A.2 The evaluation method is proposed, and the evaluation process at different stages is described. A.3 10 specific performance criteria are described, and typical examples involving general performance requirements of packaging are given. A.4 The example of the inspection checklist is given to express the execution of the evaluation procedure and the record of the final conclusion. The pre-reduction evaluation procedure is applicable to various specific packaging, so that it can reach the appropriate amount (mass or volume), thereby directly and effectively reducing packaging waste, while requiring that it does not cause damage or consumption of the product inside. The evaluation checklist can record the measures that play a major role in achieving the appropriate amount (mass or volume). Reducing the amount of use is a continuous process of design and operation experience accumulation, thereby obtaining practical data for defining the critical range. Appendix B gives two examples of the application of the Yamamoto Appendix evaluation test sheet and its detailed description. A.2 Evaluation method
The test sheet for the purpose of reducing the amount of use is the basis for the evaluation statement (see A, 4), so it should be ensured that the reduction in use should gradually reach the level of equivalent use. The overall judgment is only applicable to the case of using the same packaging materials (see 3.1 Note);
- The reduction in use should be implemented under the condition of meeting the basic function of the packaging; - The data and information that play a major role in the above measures should be recorded. The various requirements of the packaging may change due to actual conditions. When considering reducing the amount of use during the packaging design process, the analysis of each requirement involves the entire specification of the packaging. The requirements can be divided into ten categories on one test sheet. If the most important requirement for evaluation is the first step, each performance criterion can be given in the second column of the test sheet. In the packaging design process, requirements for various specific uses or similar uses may limit further reductions in mass (volume). As a rule, safety, hygiene and consumer (user) acceptable levels should not be reduced. In the second step of the evaluation procedure, performance criteria limit the reduction in mass (volume) of the packaging: thus defining the critical range. The definition of the critical range should be based on the conclusions of the test, or the study of common phenomena, and gradually explore the feasibility and effectiveness of achieving the maximum reduction. Practical proof documents from the market are also effective, such as documents on acceptability and their original data. After studying and verifying the operation of similar packaging chains, it should be recorded as a critical range, thereby determining the actual effective performance criteria. 4.3 Performance criteria
A.3.1 Overview
The following 10 specific performance criteria are only typical and not comprehensive. They are intended to propose requirements that are generally applicable and play an important and decisive role. A.3.2 Protect the product
The basic function of packaging is to protect the product: prevent damage or consumption. Requirements include resistance to factors such as dew, compression, moisture, light, oxidation, microbial hazardous substances, and harmful gases that cause damage or consumption of the product inside. "Functional packaging" also helps to preserve products, such as packaging that uses antioxidants or temperature change indicators. Examples of common important requirements:
-Fragile products require that the height of the code withstands vertical loads;-Fruit juice requires that it is isolated from ultraviolet rays and protected from oxidation. 4
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A.3.3 Packaging Manufacturing Process
GB/T 16716.3—2010
Packaging design is limited by the production operation methods of packaging manufacturing. The technical performance that can be achieved is the result of full coordination. Requirements include the shape, wall thickness, tolerance, size, processing feasibility and measures to reduce consumption during production. Examples of common important requirements:
Wall thickness distribution of different parts of the bottle;
-Choice of corrugated direction for corrugated boxes.
A.3.4 Packaging (filling) process
The operation of filling machines and packaging machines is within the effective range of technical performance to achieve the design intent. Requirements include reducing the loss of products and packaging; controlling collisions, pressure and other mechanical forces; packaging line speed and efficiency; transmission stability, thermal (heating) effects; effective sealing; minimum reserved top space, safety and hygiene, etc. Examples of common important requirements:
The stability of metal cans during transportation, filling and sealing; industrial fine powders (such as additives, pigments) packed in rigid containers must reserve sufficient top space to avoid overflow before use. A.3.5 Logistics (including transportation, storage and operation) packaging (any combination of first, second and third layer packaging) should be suitable for the expected logistics process. Requirements include open-air operation and product packaging methods; transportation and operating systems should provide adequate product protection and operational safety: appropriate use of space; coordination of pallet and loading system compatibility: complete operation and storage system, etc. Common important requirements Examples:
space compatibility of standard pallets and (or) wooden boxes; packaging of high-value products (such as computer accessories) to avoid any obvious damage. A.3.6 Introduction and distribution of products
The packaging (label) provided to consumers (users) should be named according to the nature of the product, and involve trademarks, labels, logos and product descriptions, etc. Requirements include the legality of product names and trademarks; adaptability of labels and retail locations; compatibility with refill systems; anti-theft functions, etc. Examples of common important requirements
- Fresh fruit juices are given names consistent with the nature of the product and the specific shape of the container is determined; - High-value small-volume products are provided with anti-theft functions suitable for retail locations. A.3.7 Consumer (user) acceptance
The packaging should meet the needs and expectations of consumers (users), such as quantitative, opening and reopening, closing and storage, etc. Requirements include quantitative size: number of combined (unit) packages: ergonomic operation: obvious signs after damage (opening): shelf life (shelf life; easy opening, pouring and emptying performance: appropriate introduction and instructions, etc. Examples of common important requirements:
Large containers use handles and closures for easy transportation and opening: Common food and beverages are sufficient for a single family to be consumed before the shelf life, and small packages with appropriate quantitative quantities are used. A.3.8 Information
The packaging should provide necessary information about the product's use and concerns and other useful information as required. Requirements include providing product information; instructions for storage, use and usage; barcodes, maximum expiration dates, etc. Examples of common important requirements
Semi-finished meals should express detailed cooking information on the packaging that is easy to read and suitable for different living habits; marking of dangerous goods, or specified labels The minimum size of the label. A.3.9 Safety
The packaging should collect safety information related to the product inside and provide instructions for use related to consumer (user) safety. The safe instructions should cover all foreseeable sales systems and retention places, especially dangerous goods. Requirements include design for safe operation: prevent children from opening, leave obvious signs after damage; hazard warnings; clear expression of product properties, safe opening device, closure pressure release, etc. 5
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Examples of common important requirements:
Infant food adopts the method of leaving obvious signs once damaged (opened) to prevent (identify) possible contamination; for the safety of lifting operators, limit the size of industrial product packaging units. A.3.10 Regulations
The packaging should comply with the promulgated Relevant requirements of laws, regulations and international trade rules. A large number of packaging requirements are based on national or international regulations or standards, and packaging may involve important products such as food, medicine and cosmetics. When dangerous goods or chemical products are transported by air, rail and sea, the packaging (supplier) has important legal responsibilities: the packaging should be specially designed and provide specific information for the above requirements. In the design, selection and use of packaging, special attention should be paid to laws and regulations on the protection of consumer (user) interests. For packaging materials and auxiliary materials, attention should be paid to regulations that restrict their use due to their endangerment to life or environmental safety. A.3.11 Others
In order to verify the results of the appropriate amount of packaging, when the assessment does not fall within the scope of the first nine criteria above, but is only specific to the quality requirements of the packaging reality, they should be explained one by one under this item. These contents may involve Economic, social and environmental protection. A.4 Example of inspection form
Appropriate quantity (mass or volume) of packaging assessment inspection form Refer to the example of Table A.1. Table A.1 Appropriate quantity (mass or volume) of packaging assessment inspection form Packaging quantity assessment inspection form
Performance inference
Product protection
Packaging manufacturing process
Packaging (filling) operation
Introduction and distribution of products
Consumer (user) acceptance
Packaging:
Most important (relevant) requirements
R period:
htt
Critical range
B.1 Overview
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Example of application of mass (volume) conformity assessment process and inspection form This appendix describes the assessment process and prompts for filling in the inspection form. B.2 Computer monitor and accessories packaging
B.2.1 Overview
GB/T16716.3—2010
The product is sold through two different sales channels, computer stores or by express delivery as scheduled. The required coding of the package is used for both purposes. The computer monitor packaging box can be equipped with a software CD, which can be selected by the customer. The packaging should have adequate space to fit the CD and the manual.
B.2.2 Product protection
The product itself needs to be protected from moisture. The mechanical properties of the packaging should be able to meet the requirements for protecting the product. Experience has shown that it should meet the requirements and performance criteria for transportation and operation. Plastic bags and desiccants can be used to protect against moisture without affecting the quality and volume of the packaging. There is no critical range.
Packaging manufacturing process
The manufacturing technology of any type of corrugated box and cushioning pad is mature and can meet the requirements. There is no critical range. B.2.4 Packaging (filling) operation
The embedded plastic cushion is one of the important requirements, which plays the role of the carrying chassis in the production process, reduces product damage and facilitates operation. The cast cushion can effectively meet the cushioning and transportation requirements without significantly increasing the mass or volume. There is no critical range:
B.2. 5 Logistics
The corrugated cardboard box and cushion packaging system meet the normal transportation and operation conditions. The reduction of test conditions should be based on sales experience and mechanical property tests on different corrugated cardboard boxes. The conclusion is that the minimum acceptable corrugated cardboard box should use a board weight of 400 grams: Based on the experience of logistics management, there is an obvious critical range for this packaging. For a corrugated cardboard board with a given structure and composition, its gram weight is directly related to the mechanical strength of transportation and operation.
B.2.6 Introducing and distributing products
The conditions for introducing the product are sufficient and no mass (volume) is added during distribution. There is no critical range. B,2.7 Acceptance by consumers (users)
When delivering by post or courier, the acceptance of the product is usually reflected in the packaging first, and it is rejected when it is damaged. If the packaging is intact, the product is acceptable. Higher mechanical strength is a common requirement. At present, mechanical strength is generally required to be suitable for logistics management. The mechanical strength for transportation and operation is higher than the requirements acceptable to consumers (users). When the packaging does not affect the requirements acceptable to consumers (users) in terms of quality, there is no critical range.
B.2.8 Information
There is no restriction on the use of product information inside the packaging. The upper surface of the package allows full expression of all identification information and markings. There is no critical range.
B.2.9 Safety
It is usually possible to meet product safety requirements. The packaging has a protective function to ensure that the contents are fully contained in the event of severe damage and do not cause harm to the user. For ease of operation, it is necessary to open two handles. Opening two handles on the side of the box does not increase the quality. There is no temporary range.
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B.2.10 Regulations
No regulations related to the above have been retrieved. B.2.11 Others
Packaging accounts for only a small part of the cost of the product, and the stability of the product during logistics is the primary priority. Therefore, a breakage rate of less than 4 pieces per million products is the expected standard. Packaging should be able to facilitate trade and meet the needs of consumers. This clause specifically requires that the packaging strength during "storage, transportation, and operation" reach the above critical range. See Table B.1 for examples.
Appropriate dosage (mass or volume) evaluation and inspection table for packaging Table B.1
Packaging: Wabang cartons and cushions, for computer stores and scheduled express delivery packaging Packaging quantity assessment test form
Performance criteria
Product protection
Packaging manufacturing process
Packaging (thin packaging) operation
Introduction and distribution of products
User (consumer) acceptance
Signature:
Test report - ×× laboratory
Product certification VDIJ216/14
Packaging certification CB1 6/PS27
Test sheet proves 971127
Most important (relevant) requirements
Moisture protection
Buffering Expected to play the role of carrier and engineer The product is suitable for transportation and operation
No signs of damage were found in the packaging
Handle required
Breakage rate 4×10-
Critical range
Date: 27/11/98
See test report
According to the requirements of Yi× Company, different types of corrugated boxes are tested. The design requires the most conservative test results to be selected from one type of box and tested in turn according to different weights of corrugated cardboard. The test adopts a standard vertical drop test, according to the provisions of GB/T4857.5, with a height of 0.75m, 6 faces and 1 corner, simulating typical transportation and operation conditions. Test pretreatment conditions: temperature: 20℃, humidity: 65%, time: 48h. After filling the plastic model simulating the display, the corrugated box is tested 20 times. The damage is defined as a permanent deformation of more than 5 mm in any part of the box. The results are shown in Table B.2. Table B.2 Test record
Weight of corrugated box paperboard/(g/m2)
Number of damages in the 20 tests
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