NY/T 5169-2002 Technical specification for breeding of pollutant-free eel
Some standard content:
ICS65.150
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5169—2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Specification for Eel Breeding
2002-09-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Foreword
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Aquatic Products Standardization. Foreword
The drafting units of this standard are: Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, and Sichuan Fisheries Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are: Wen Hua, Yong Wenyue, Wu Jiankai, Xu Zhongfa, and Du Jun. Provincial
NY/T5169—2002
Economic Information Office
1 Scope
Technical Specifications for Eel Breeding
Pollution-free Food
NY/T51692002
This standard specifies the environmental conditions, seedling cultivation, edible eel breeding and eel disease prevention and control for pollution-free breeding of Monopterus albztsZuiew.
This standard applies to pollution-free soil pond breeding, cement pond breeding and cage breeding of Monopterus albus. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revised versions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to the agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB11607 Fishery Water Quality Standards: GB/T18407.4—2001 Agricultural Product Safety Quality, Environmental Requirements for Pollution-free Aquatic Products NY5051 Water Quality for Freshwater Aquaculture of Pollution-free Food NY5071 Guidelines for the Use of Pollution-free Food Fishery Drugs NY5072 Safety Limits for Pollution-free Food Fishery Formula Feeds General Technical Requirements for Freshwater Cage Fish Culture SC/T1006 3 Environmental Conditions 3.1 Selection of Breeding Sites Should comply with the provisions of 3.1 and 3.3 in GB/T18407.4-2001. Choose a quiet environment, sufficient water source, and convenient water inlet and outlet to build a breeding farm. 3.2 Water for Breeding 3.2.1 Water Source Quality The water source quality should comply with the provisions of GB11607. 3.2.2 Water quality of rearing ponds
The water quality of rearing ponds shall comply with the provisions of NY5051. 3.3 Requirements for fin ponds and cages
3.3.1 Requirements for eel ponds
Eel ponds are earthen ponds or cement ponds, and their requirements should preferably comply with Table 1. Table 1 Requirements for eel ponds
Eel pond categories
Seedling pond
Edible eel breeding pond
Area/m3
3.3.2 Cage requirements
3.3.2.1 Cage production
Pond depth/cm
40~~50
70~100
Water depth/cmWww.bzxZ.net
Distance between water surface and upper edge of pond/cm
Inlet and outlet
The diameter of the inlet and outlet is 3cm~5cm, and it is covered with a sieve mesh with a mesh size of 0.250mm. The water inlet is 20cm above the water surface and the outlet is located at the lowest point of the pond.
NY/T51692002
Use polyethylene knotless mesh. The mesh size is 1.18mm~0.80mm, the diameter of the upper and lower ropes of the cage is 0.6cm, and the cage area is preferably 15m~~20m.
3.3.2.2 Cage Setting
Pond cages should be set at a water depth greater than 1.0m, the water surface area should be more than 500m2, the cage area should not exceed one-third of the water surface area, the cage draft is about 0.5m, and the upper edge of the cage should be at least 0.5m from the water surface and the bottom of the cage should be at least 0.5m from the water bottom. The cage setting in other waters should comply with the provisions of SC/T1006. 3.4 Preparation before stocking
3.4.1 Preparation of eel pond
Earth ponds and earth-covered cement ponds should be disinfected with 150g/m2~200g/m3 of quicklime 10d~15d before stocking, and then filled with new water to a depth of 10cm~20cm; the bottom of the soilless cement pond should be smooth, add about 10cm of water 15d before stocking, use 75g/m~100/m3 of quicklime or 10g/m2~15g/m3 of bleaching powder (containing 28% effective chlorine), pour alcohol all over the pond for disinfection, then drain the water and fill with new water to a depth of 10cm~20cm. Stock water hyacinths that occupy two-thirds of the pond area in the pond. 3.4.2 Preparation of cages
15d before stocking, soak the cages with 20mg/L potassium permanganate for 15min~20min, put the philoxerobic water hyacinth or water hyacinth in the cages and let them grow. Set up a feeding table in the cage that is 60cm long and 30cm wide, and is about 30 degrees to the water surface. Place it along the long side of the cage close to the water. 4 Seedling cultivation
4.1 Cultivation method
The cultivation method should be cement pool micro-flow water cultivation. 4.2 Eel seedling release
4.2.1 Source of eel seedlings
The sources of eel seedlings are:
Collect naturally bred eel seedlings from the place of origin: obtain eel seedlings artificially bred from the original (improved) breeding farm of yellow eel recognized by the state. 4.2.2 Eel seedling quality requirements
The fin seedlings released should be free of injuries, deformities, and strong mobility. 4.2.3 Stocking density
After the yolk sac disappears, the eel seedlings can be put into the breeding pond for breeding, and the stocking density should be 200 tails/m~400 tails/m. 4.3 Feeding and management
4.3.1 Feeding and domestication
Suitable starter feeds for eel fry include water shrimps, large rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, chironomid larvae and microcapsule feeds. After 10d to 15d of cultivation, when the fin fry grows to more than 5cm, they can start to be fed with compound feeds. When feeding, add water to the powdered feed and knead it into a ball and place it at the edge of the pond. After 1d to 2d, the eel fry will eat the ball feed on their own. For seedlings over 15cm, 10% compound feed needs to be added to fresh fish paste or clam meat, and the proportion of compound feed should be gradually increased. After 5d7d of domestication, better results can be achieved. 4.3.2 Feeding amount
The daily feeding amount of fresh feed is 8% to 12% of the eel's body weight, and the daily feeding amount of compound feed (dry weight) is 3% to 4% of the eel's body weight. 4.3.3 Grading feeding
According to the growth and individual differences of the fin fry, the fry should be graded and fed in time, and the specifications of the eel fry in the same breeding pond should be kept consistent as much as possible. When the fry grows to an individual weight of 20g, it can be transferred to the feeding of edible eels. 4.3.4 Water quality management
The water quality should be clear, and the water should be changed frequently to keep the dissolved oxygen content in the water not less than 3mg/worker. The water flow rate of the flowing water breeding pool should be exchanged 2 to 3 times a day, and the water should be completely changed once a week.
4.3.5 Water temperature management
NY/T5169-2002
The water temperature difference should be controlled within 3℃ when changing water. It is better to keep the water temperature at 20℃~28℃. When the water temperature is higher than 30℃, measures to prevent heatstroke such as adding new water, building a sunshade, increasing the coverage area of water hyacinths or reducing the density of yellow eels should be taken: when the water temperature is lower than 5℃, measures to prevent cold such as raising the water level to ensure that the water surface does not freeze, building plastic paste or covering the soil with straw after putting it in the pool water should be taken. 4.3.6 Invitation to the pool
Persist in patrolling the pool in the morning, noon and evening, check the escape prevention facilities before feeding every day, keep track of the eel's eating situation at any time, and adjust the feeding amount; observe the eel's activities, if any abnormality is found, it should be handled in time: remove weeds, enemies and dirt frequently: remove the remaining feed in time; check the water color, measure the water temperature, smell for any odor, and keep a pool patrol log.
5 Feeding of edible eels
5.1 Feeding methods
Feeding methods can be divided into earth pond feeding, cement pond feeding and cage feeding. Choose the appropriate feeding method according to the specific situation. 5.2 Stocking of eels
5.2.1 Source of eel species
Sources of eel species include:
Collect wild eel species from the place of origin:
Obtain eel species through artificial breeding and artificial cultivation from the original (improved) breeding farm of yellow eel recognized by the state. 5.2.2 Quality requirements of eel species
Stocked eel species should be sensitive, free of injuries and diseases, strong in activity, and have normal mucus secretion. It is advisable to select local populations of dark yellow spotted eels and earthy red spotted eels.
5.2.3 Stocking density
Determine the stocking density according to the feeding method, and the stocking specifications should be 20g/tail to 50g/tail, and feed in different ponds according to the specifications. It is appropriate to stock 1.0kg/m2~1.5kg/m2 of eels in a flowing water pond with an area of about 20m2, 3kg/m2~5kg/m2 of eels in a flowing water pond with an area of 2m2~4m2, and the stocking rate in a static water pond is about half of that in a flowing water pond; it is appropriate to stock 1.0kg/m2~2.0kg/m2 of eels in a cage.
5.2.4 Disinfection of eels
Eels should be disinfected before stocking. Common disinfectants include: Salt: 2.5%~3% concentration, soaking for 5min~8minPovidone iodine (containing 1% effective iodine): 20mg/L30mg/L concentration, soaking for 10min~20minTetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine (quaternary ammonium salt content 50%): 0.1mg/L~0.2mg/L, soaking for 30min~60min. The water temperature difference should be less than 3℃ during disinfection.
5.2.5 Stocking time
The time for stocking eels should be selected on a sunny day, and the water temperature should be 15℃~25℃. 5.3 Feeding and Management
5.3.1 Taming
Wild eels should be fed shrimp, earthworms, small fish, shrimp and clam meat in the pond. After the eels have been feeding normally for one week, 0.2g~0.3g levamisole or mebendazole should be mixed with feed for deworming once for every 100kg of eels. Deworming should be done again after 3 days, and then compound feed can be started for taming. At the beginning of taming, fish paste, shrimp or clam meat should be kneaded into a ball feed or processed into soft pellet feed or directly mixed into puffed pellet feed with 10% compound feed, and then the amount of live feed should be gradually reduced. After 5d~7d of taming, the eels can eat compound feed. 5.3.2 Feeding
5.3.2.1 Feed Types
Edible eel feed includes:
Compound feed:
Animal feed: fresh fish, shrimp, snail, mussel, clam, earthworm, fly, etc.: NY/T5169--2002
-Plant feed: fresh malt, soybean cake (bread), rapeseed cake (meal), green vegetables, duckweed, etc. 5.3.2.2 Feeding Methods
5.3.2.2.1 Quality Assurance: The safety limit of compound feed shall comply with the provisions of NY5072; animal feed and plant feed shall be fresh, pollution-free, and free of corruption and deterioration. Before feeding, they shall be washed and placed in boiling water for 3min~5min, or soaked in 20mg/L potassium permanganate for 15min~20min, or soaked in 5% salt for 5min-10min, and then rinsed with fresh water before feeding. 5.3.2.2.2 Quantification: When the water temperature is 20℃～28℃, the daily feeding amount of compound feed (dry weight) is 1.5%~3% of the eel's body weight, and the daily feeding amount of fresh feed is 5%~12% of the eel's body weight; when the water temperature is below 20℃ and above 28℃, the daily feeding amount of compound feed (dry weight) is 1%~2% of the eel's body weight, and the daily feeding amount of fresh feed is 4%~6% of the eel's body weight; the amount of feeding should be adjusted according to the season, weather, water quality and the feeding intensity of the eel, and the feed should be controlled to be eaten within 2 hours. 5.3.2.2.3 Timing: When the water temperature is 20℃～28℃, feed twice a day, before 9 am and after 3 pm respectively; when the water temperature is below 20℃ and above 28℃, feed once a day in the morning. 5.3.2.2.4 Fixed point: The feeding point should be fixed, preferably in a cool and dark place, and close to the water inlet of the pond. 5.3.3 Water quality management
Follow 4.3.4.
5.3.4 Water temperature management
Follow 4.3.5.
5.3.5 Invitation pond
Follow 4.3.6.
6 Eel disease prevention
6.1 Eel disease prevention
6.1.1 Ecological prevention
Eel disease prevention should focus on ecological prevention. Ecological prevention measures include: maintaining a good spatial environment; building eel farms reasonably to meet the ecological habit requirements of eels that prefer darkness, quietness and warmth; strengthening water quality and temperature management; implementing according to 4.3.4 and 4.3.5; planting emergent plants or floating plants such as water hyacinth and water spinach in eel ponds; planting some climbing plants by the ponds; raising a small amount of loaches in the drains to activate the water bodies; placing several toads in each pond to prevent eel diseases with their secretions. 6.1.2 Drug prevention
Drug prevention measures include:
1 Environmental disinfection: Spray the surrounding environment with bleaching powder; Disinfection of eel ponds and cages shall be carried out according to 3.4: Regular disinfection: During the breeding period, use bleaching powder (containing 28% effective chlorine) 1mg/L2mg/L throughout the pond, or quicklime 30mg/L~40mg/L pulping throughout the pond every 10 days, and use the two alternately; Eel body disinfection: Carry out according to 5.2.4;
Feed disinfection: Carry out according to 5.3.2.2.1;
1 Tool disinfection: Tools used in eel production should be disinfected regularly, 2 to 3 times a week. The drugs used for disinfection are potassium permanganate 100mg/L, soaking for 30min: salt 5%, soaking for 30min: bleaching powder 5%, soaking for 20min. The tools in the diseased pool should be used separately or after strict disinfection before use. 6.1.3 Isolation of sick eels
During the breeding process, pond inspections should be strengthened. Once sick eels are found, they should be isolated and raised in time, and treated with drugs. The drug treatment method shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of 5.2.4 and NY5071.
6.2 Common eel diseases and their treatment methods
Common eel diseases and their treatment methods are shown in Table 2.
The use of fishery drugs and the withdrawal period shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of NY5071. Disease name
Red skin disease
Print disease
Bacterial tail rot disease
Bacterial intestinal carbon
Hemorrhagic disease
Saprolegniasis
Capillariasis
Acanthocephalasis
Table 2 Common eel diseases and their treatment methods
The surface of the diseased fins is inflamed and congested, especially on the sides of the fins and the abdomen, which are extremely obvious and block-shaped. Sometimes the upper and lower jaws and gill covers of yellowfin eels are also congested and inflamed. Saprolegnia infection is often secondary to the lesions. Circular or circular necrosis and erosion first appear in the diseased area, exposing the white dermis, and the red spots of congestion and inflammation of the skin form a clear outline. The diseased eels swim slowly, and their heads often stick out of the water and do not enter the water for a long time. NY/T5169--2002
Treatment method
Use 1.0~1.2mg/L bleaching powder to pour wine in the whole pond: Use 0.05g/m2 alum and water to pour wine. After 2 days, use 25g/m2 quicklime and water to pour wine, use 2~4mg/L gallnut to pour wine in the whole pond, use 5g sulfadiazine per 100kg of eel to mix and feed, and feed for 4d~6d. External medicine is the same as skin disease: internal medicine is 2g sulfadiazine per 100kg of eel to mix and feed, and feed for 5d~7d. After infection, the tail stalk is congested and charred, and the demon rots. In severe cases, the tail rots. Use 10mg/L chlorine dioxide to bathe the diseased eel for 5min~10. The flesh bleeds and ulcerates, the bones are exposed, the diseased eel is slow to react, and the head often emerges from the water.
The diseased eels swim alone in high groups and move slowly. Their bodies turn black, especially their heads. Red spots appear on their abdomens and they have a decreased appetite. When the intestines are cut open, it is found that the intestines are partially congested and inflamed. There is no food in the intestines, and there is a lot of mucus in the intestines. The skin and internal organs of the diseased eels bleed, and the liver is particularly damaged. The blood vessel walls become thin and even rupture.
The lesions are not obvious in the early stage. After a few days, cotton-like hyphae grow in the lesions, which rapidly multiply and spread on the body surface, forming white hair visible to the naked eye.
The capillaries drill into the host's intestinal mucosa with their heads, causing congestion and inflammation of the intestinal wall. The diseased eels burrow around the pond, become extremely emaciated, and then die.
The thorny-headed worms use their yokes to drill into the host's intestinal mucosa, causing inflammation of the intestinal wall. In mild cases, the eel body turns black, the intestine is congested, and it presents chronic inflammation. In severe cases, it can cause intestinal perforation or intestinal blockage, and the eel body becomes emaciated, and sometimes it can cause anemia and death.
Note 1: The residual liquid of the drug after the bath must not be poured into the breeding water. min, 5g of oxytetracycline is mixed and fed to every 100kg of eel, and it is fed twice a day for 5d~7d
Every 100kg of eel is mixed and fed with 30g of garlic every day, divided into 2 times, and fed for 3d~5d. Every 100kg of eel is mixed with 5g of oxytetracycline or sulfamethoxazole, and fed for 5d~7d.
Use 10mg/L chlorine dioxide to bathe the sick eels for 5-10 minutes: Mix 2.5g of norfloxacin with each 100kg of eels for 5 consecutive days, and double the dosage on the first day.
Use 400mg/L salt and baking soda (1+1) to pour wine all over the pond. Use 0.2g~0.3g of levamisole or mebendazole for each 100kg of eels, and feed for 3 consecutive days.
Mix 0.2g~0.3g of levamisole or mebendazole with 2g of garlic powder or sulfadiazine for each 100kg of eels, and feed for 3 consecutive days.
Note 2: When sulfonamides are used together with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP), the dosage should be doubled on the first day. NY/T5169-2002
Agriculture
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specification for the Breeding of Non-polluting Eels
NY/T5169--2002
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