GB/T 15737-1995 Microfilming technology Silver-gelatin microfilm processing and storage
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Micrographics
Silver-gelatin type microfilm-Processing and storage1 Subject content and applicable scope
1.1 Subject content
GB/T 15737—1995
This standard specifies the processing and storage conditions of microfilms to maximize the life of microfilms. 1.2 Scope of application
This standard applies to silver-gelatin type microfilms with triacetylcellulose, polyester, etc. as the base material that conforms to the provisions of GB 7430. This standard does not apply to the following microfilms: microfoam film, heavy oxygen film, dry silver film, and color film. 2 Reference standards
GB/T744 Determination of α-cellulose in pulp
GB1545 Pulp, paper and paperboard - Determination of acidity and alkalinity of aqueous extracts GB6159.2 Microfilming technology - Vocabulary - Part 4 Materials and packaging GB6165 High efficiency air filter performance test method - Transmittance and resistance - Requirements and test methods for cinematic safety films GB 7430
Microfilming technology - Determination of residual sulfoxide in microfilm after processing - Methylene blue photometry GB 7519
GB 9049
Storage technology for processed cinematic safety films GB/T12355, Microfilming technology - Connection of image-bearing microfilms GBJ16 Fire protection regulations for building design
3 Terminology
3.1 Moderate storage
Storage conditions that can ensure the life of microfilms for more than 10 years. 3.2 Optimum storage conditions suitable for storing microfilms of permanent value. 3.3 Fire protection storage facilities designed to protect microfilms from the hazards of high temperature, water, ignition agents, building collapse, and water vapor generated by insulated safes.
3.4 Medium-term microfilms medium-term microfilms can preserve records for at least 10 years under medium-term storage conditions and can provide microfilms of original image quality. 3.5 Long-term microfilms approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on November 10, 1995 and implemented on June 1, 1996
GB/T 15737—1995
suitable for storing records of permanent value under optimal storage conditions and can provide microfilms of original image quality. 3.6 Open enclosurs
A microform packaging method that is not light-proof and not isolated from the outside air, and can only prevent mechanical capture. For example: film reels, film discs, envelopes, window cards, etc.
3.7 Elasted enclosurs A microform packaging method that is light-proof and dust-proof, but not isolated from the outside air. For example, flip-top film boxes, screw-top film boxes, insert-top film boxes, etc.
3. B Impermeable enclosurs A microform packaging method that is light-proof and isolated from the outside air. 4 Processing
4.1 Fixing
4.1.1 The amount of fixer to be rinsed should be as small as possible. It is recommended to control the silver content in the fixer according to the following requirements. When using crystalline sodium thiosulfate (Na5:O5H,O), the silver content in the fixer should be less than 0.5%, and when using anhydrous ammonium thiosulfate ((NH,),S,O,), the silver content in the fixer should be less than 0.8%.
4.1.2 In order to prevent the microfilm from producing microspots during storage, an appropriate amount of iodide should be added to the fixer, and the iodide ion content should be controlled at 0.1~0.5g/L (such as KI).
4.2 Water washing
4.2.1 The washing water should be colorless and free of floating matter. 4.2.2 When washing at high temperature and quickly, the water temperature should be lower than the developer temperature. When washing at room temperature, the water temperature should be kept at 15~25℃. 4.2.3 The water used in the washing machine should maintain a certain pressure so that the water flow rate is adapted to the washing speed. When the water flow rate is low, the residual amount of thiosulfate increases.
4.3 Drying
4.3.1 The air entering the drying chamber of the processing machine should be filtered to prevent dust from sticking to the film. 4.3.2 The drying temperature should be controlled at the lowest temperature that can dry the film. For high-temperature rapid processing film, it should not exceed 65°C, and for normal temperature processing film, it should not exceed 48°C. 5 Requirements for microfilm after processing
5.1 Thiosulfate residue
After processing, the thiosulfate residue of the microfilm should be less than 1.4 g/cm. The test method for thiosulfate residue is shown in GB7519. 5.2 Splicingwww.bzxz.net
The requirements for splicing are shown in GB/T12355.
5.3 Appearance
Microfilm should be free of scratches, fingerprints, stains, deformation and other defects that may damage the preservation and reading of the film. 5.4 Film Winding
Reel microfilm should be wound on a reel or core. The film should be wound loosely and appropriately. After winding, insert the end of the film into the gap between the film and the reel to fix it; or use paper tape to fix the wound film. The material of this paper tape should comply with the provisions of Article 7.2.1. Rubber bands should not be used to fix the film. When the diameter of the film wound on the reel or core exceeds 20 cm, in order to prevent the lower part of the film from being compressed and deformed during storage, the core should be placed upright.
6 Storage environment
6.1 Relative humidity and temperature of the film storage environment shall comply with the following provisions: GB/T 15737-1995
6.1. 1 The relative humidity and temperature of the film storage environment shall comply with the provisions of Table 1: Table 1 Requirements for relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment Film Type
Fiber Esters
Relative humidity
20%~60%
30%~60%
.25℃
Relative humidity
20%30%
30%~40%
6.1.2 Within the control range, the relative humidity and temperature are not allowed to have large periodic changes. 6.1.3 Adjustment of temperature and humidity of microfilm shall be carried out by the following methods: Best
<21 ℃
a. Before putting the microfilm into sealed packages, the temperature and temperature of the microfilm and its packaging must be adjusted to the range specified in 6.1 before sealing. The air in the packaging should be as little as possible. b. When opening the packaging of microfilm stored at low temperature: the temperature of the microfilm in the packaging must be adjusted to balance with the ambient temperature before opening. The temperature balance time varies depending on the temperature difference, about 2 to 4 weeks. 6.2 Air purification
Dust, chemical pollutants and microorganisms in the air can easily scratch microfilm, produce spots and image fading, so the air entering the film library should be purified.
6.2.1 Purification of dust in the air
Use a filter to filter out dust in the air entering the film library, and the dust removal rate of the filter shall not be less than 90% (see GB6165). 6.2.2 Purification of chemical pollutants
Common chemical pollutants that are harmful to microfilm include disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur trioxide, ozone, acidic gases, ammonia and nitrogen oxides, peroxides and volatile gases of paint. For medium-term storage, the environmental conditions of a general office are sufficient. For optimal storage, the following points should be noted for purification of chemical pollutants in the film library.
The microfilm library should be kept away from harmful gas sources, and the items in the library should not release gases that are harmful to microfilm. b. Remove harmful gases from the air by filtering or absorbing them. For example, a narrow air purifier using treated water can eliminate sulfur oxides, and activated carbon can absorb sulfur monoxide and sulfides. However, these methods must be strictly controlled. The use of activated carbon must be operated by professionals.
Silver-gelatin microfilms cannot be stored in the same room as diazo films, microfoam films, and nitrocellulose films. d. When the microfilm library cannot be far away from the source of harmful gases, the films must be sealed and stored. e
Use forced ventilation to ventilate the warehouse. 6.3 Fire prevention
6.3.1 Hazards of fire on microfilms
When exposed to fire, high temperature, water and water vapor will cause the film to deform, stick and melt the emulsion layer, making it impossible to copy and read. 6.3.2 Fire prevention measures
6.3.2.1 Long-term microfilms should be made in duplicate and stored in separate locations. 6.3.2. 2 The film library should be separated from the work area, and the air conditioning system of the film bed for best preservation should be separated from the air conditioning system of other work areas. 6.3.2.3 The fire prevention measures of the film library shall comply with the second-level fire resistance requirements specified in GB! 16 Code for Fire Prevention of Building Design. 6.3.2.4 The materials used to make discs, reels, film boxes, etc. shall not be more easily burned or decomposed than the film. 6.3.2.5 The packaging of microfilm shall not burn when subjected to dry heat at 150℃ for 1 hour, and the gas released shall have a smaller impact on the microfilm. In this regard, the packaging materials shall be limited to the packaging materials. GB/T 15737—1995
6.3.2.6 In order to prevent the film from catching fire or causing damage to the film in the event of a fire, sealed packaging should be used, and the sealed packaging films should be stored in a fireproof warehouse or an insulated film cabinet. 6.4 Waterproof
The microfilm warehouse should prevent the intrusion of water or moisture, and dehumidification equipment should be prepared when necessary. 6.5 Light protection
Microfilms should be protected from direct exposure to light. 7 Packaging and packaging materials
7.1 Packaging
Packaging materials used for direct contact with microfilms include open packaging, closed packaging and sealed packaging. 7.1.1 Requirements for packaging
7.1.1.1 The selection of packaging materials should comply with the provisions of 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3. 7.1.1.2 Both packaging materials and films should be clean. 7.1.1.3 Periodic inspections should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of 8.2. 7.1.2 Application of packaging
When the film library can meet the requirements of 6.1.6.2, microfilms can be stored in open packaging in a closed cabinet, or in sealed packaging: If the film bed cannot meet the requirements of 6.1 and 6.2, or when stored at low temperatures, microfilms must be stored in sealed packaging.
7.1.2.1 Microfilm rolls
The wrapping shall comply with the provisions of 5.4.
The flip-top, screw-top or sleeve-top cassettes can be used as sealed packaging for microfilm rolls. After the temperature and humidity of these packagings are adjusted according to the conditions specified in 6.1, the microfilm is placed in the packaging and sealed with multiple layers of low-permeability Levitra tape at the seams of the packaging cover. The packaging sealed with adhesive tape is placed in a liner composite bag and heated and sealed for storage to further prevent the influence of high humidity. When using adhesive tape for sealing, it should be resealed every two years. 7.1.2.2 Microfilm sheets
It is best to use sealed packaging for long-term microfilm to prevent erosion and physical damage by harmful gases or humid gases. For example, foil-lined composite bags can be heated and sealed. Heat sealing is preferred. If adhesives are used, the adhesives should be prevented from coming into contact with the microfilm. The adhesives should comply with the provisions of 7.2.4.
7.2 Packaging materials
The packaging materials for microfilms must be chemically stable and have sufficient physical strength. The materials must not contain ingredients that promote the aging of microfilm images and film bases, and must not release acidic gases and oxides during storage. Materials with rubber as the main component must not be used. 7.2.1 Paper
Paper is one of the packaging materials used for tapes. It should be rags, made of bleached sulfite pulp or bleached kraft pulp, with a base of more than 87% alpha cellulose and high-quality paper with little lignin. The paper must not contain metal particles. The sizing and fillers should preferably be neutral or alkaline. The paper should not contain paraffin, plasticizers, or other substances that may be transferred to the microfilm. The pII value of paper that contacts the microfilm should be between 7.0 and 9.5. The determination method of PII value can be found in GB1545. 7.2.2 Plastics
Plastics used to make storage containers should be low in plasticity, free of residual solvents, inert, and free of peroxides, such as cellulose acetate, polyester, ethylene and other plastics. It is not suitable to use plastics such as vinyl chloride and cellulose nitrate. 7.2.3 Metallic materials
Metal materials used to make storage containers, cabinets, shelves, etc. should be corrosion-resistant metals or corrosion-treated metals such as stainless steel, electrolytic aluminum, and metal materials that have been plated with high quality chains. 7.2.4 Adhesives
GB/T 157371995
The adhesive used to preserve containers and microfilms must not contain solvents and impurities that may corrode microfilms and containers (such as sulfur, iron, etc.). For example, when gluing paper, high-quality adhesives such as vinyl, polyvinyl acetate, and cellulose acetate can be used. 8 Management and inspection of microfilms
8.1 Management
The storage and use of microfilms should be reasonable. Long-term microfilms should be used as little as possible, otherwise it is easy to cause irreversible loss. The storage environment must be kept clean. When using, the operator should wear cotton gloves and can only touch the edge of the film. Cellulose acetate film base films should be stored separately according to the different ages of formation to prevent mutual infection of volatile acid gases. 8.2 Inspection
Every two years, select 2 0 microfilms are sampled and inspected, of which 2% have been inspected before. If it is found that the temperature and relative humidity deviate from the specified range, or the microfilm is damaged, the number and quantity of inspections should be increased to find out the cause and try to remedy it.
The following items should be inspected:
2: Changes in microfilm (deformation, shedding of emulsion layer, scars, adhesion, density reduction, discoloration, curling and aging, etc.). b. Aging of containers, discs, reels and boxes. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Microfilm Technology. This standard was drafted by the Fourth Branch of the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Microfilm Technology. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Zhengang, Liu Peiping and Li Sanbao.5. The determination method of PII value is shown in GB1545. 7.2.2 Plastics
Plastics used to make storage containers should be low in plasticity, free of residual solvents, inert, and free of peroxides, such as cellulose acetate, polyester, ethylene and other plastics. Sudden vinyl chloride, nitrocellulose and other plastics should not be used. 7.2.3 Metallic materials
Metal materials used to make storage containers, cabinets, shelves, etc. should be corrosion-resistant metals or corrosion-treated metals such as stainless steel, electrolytic aluminum, and metal materials that have been plated with high quality chains. 7.2.4 Adhesives
GB/T 157371995
The adhesive used to preserve containers and microfilms must not contain solvents and impurities that may corrode microfilms and containers (such as sulfur, iron, etc.). For example, when gluing paper, high-quality adhesives such as vinyl, polyvinyl acetate, and cellulose acetate can be used. 8 Management and inspection of microfilms
8.1 Management
The storage and use of microfilms should be reasonable. Long-term microfilms should be used as little as possible, otherwise it is easy to cause irreversible loss. The storage environment must be kept clean. When using, the operator should wear cotton gloves and can only touch the edge of the film. Cellulose acetate film base films should be stored separately according to the different ages of formation to prevent mutual infection of volatile acid gases. 8.2 Inspection
Every two years, select 2 0 microfilms are sampled and inspected, of which 2% have been inspected before. If it is found that the temperature and relative humidity deviate from the specified range, or the microfilm is damaged, the number and quantity of inspections should be increased to find out the cause and try to remedy it.
The following items should be inspected:
2: Changes in microfilm (deformation, shedding of emulsion layer, scars, adhesion, density reduction, discoloration, curling and aging, etc.). b. Aging of containers, discs, reels and boxes. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Microfilm Technology. This standard was drafted by the Fourth Branch of the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Microfilm Technology. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Zhengang, Liu Peiping and Li Sanbao.5. The determination method of PII value is shown in GB1545. 7.2.2 Plastics
Plastics used to make storage containers should be low in plasticity, free of residual solvents, inert, and free of peroxides, such as cellulose acetate, polyester, ethylene and other plastics. Sudden vinyl chloride, nitrocellulose and other plastics should not be used. 7.2.3 Metallic materials
Metal materials used to make storage containers, cabinets, shelves, etc. should be corrosion-resistant metals or corrosion-treated metals such as stainless steel, electrolytic aluminum, and metal materials that have been plated with high quality chains. 7.2.4 Adhesives
GB/T 157371995
The adhesive used to preserve containers and microfilms must not contain solvents and impurities that may corrode microfilms and containers (such as sulfur, iron, etc.). For example, when gluing paper, high-quality adhesives such as vinyl, polyvinyl acetate, and cellulose acetate can be used. 8 Management and inspection of microfilms
8.1 Management
The storage and use of microfilms should be reasonable. Long-term microfilms should be used as little as possible, otherwise it is easy to cause irreversible loss. The storage environment must be kept clean. When using, the operator should wear cotton gloves and can only touch the edge of the film. Cellulose acetate film base films should be stored separately according to the different ages of formation to prevent mutual infection of volatile acid gases. 8.2 Inspection
Every two years, select 2 0 microfilms are sampled and inspected, of which 2% have been inspected before. If it is found that the temperature and relative humidity deviate from the specified range, or the microfilm is damaged, the number and quantity of inspections should be increased to find out the cause and try to remedy it.
The following items should be inspected:
2: Changes in microfilm (deformation, shedding of emulsion layer, scars, adhesion, density reduction, discoloration, curling and aging, etc.). b. Aging of containers, discs, reels and boxes. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Microfilm Technology. This standard was drafted by the Fourth Branch of the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Microfilm Technology. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Zhengang, Liu Peiping and Li Sanbao.
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