Some standard content:
ICS_53.100
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T8595—2001
eqvIs0109681995
Earth-moving machinery
Operator's controls,
Earth-moving machinery--Operator's controls2001-09-15Promulgated
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on April 1, 2002
GB/T8595—2001
This standard is equivalent to ISO10968:1995 "Earth-moving machinery--Operator's controls" and is a revision of GB/T8595--1988 "Operator's controls for crawler bulldozers and crawler loaders". Compared with GB/T8595-1988, the main technical contents of this standard have been changed as follows: - Chapter 3 "Definitions" has been added;
- The operating regulations of Appendix A "Main common operating parts of earth-moving machinery mainframe" and Appendix B "Main operating parts of earth-moving machinery working device" have been added, and the diagram of Appendix C "Typical layout of operating devices" has been added; - The operating force requirements of fingers have been added;
- ISO7095-1982 "Operating devices for drivers of crawler bulldozers and crawler loaders of earth-moving machinery" equivalent to the original GB/T8595-1988 has been abolished and replaced by ISO10968:1995. Therefore, the scope of application of this standard has been expanded to earth-moving machinery. Compared with ISO10968:1995 "Operation of earth-moving machinery drivers", this standard has the following major technical changes: - The reference to ISO6405-2:1993/DAM1 "Operation and other display symbols for earth-moving machinery drivers - Part 2: Special symbols for machines, working devices and accessories - Revised Edition 1" (draft) has been deleted; - The control forces of the braking system and steering system are directly referenced in the international standard (i.e., only referenced in the text description of Chapter 6), but not specifically included in the table; - Appendix D of ISO10968:1995 is not included. This appendix only gives the reference books for the formulation of ISO10968:1995 (the reference books are ISO7637-0:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-1:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-2:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-3:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-4:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-5:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-6:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-7:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles - Part 0: Definitions and general principles" and ISO7637-8:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles 637-2:1990 "Electrical disturbances conducted and coupled by road vehicles Part 2: Transient electrical conduction of power lines of commercial vehicles with a normal power supply voltage of 24V".
This standard shall replace GB/T8595-1988 from the date of implementation. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are standard appendices, and Appendix C is a prompt appendix. This standard is proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee for Standardization of Construction Machinery. The drafting units of this standard are Tianjin Engineering Machinery Research Institute and Guangxi Liugong Group Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Yaoxi, Wu Runcai and Lin Jianrong. GB/T8595-2001
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation composed of national standardization bodies (ISO member states). The formulation of international standards is generally completed by ISO technical committees. Each technical committee is established according to its professional subject, and each member country has the right to join the technical committee if it is interested in this subject. Governments and non-governmental organizations of various countries that have relations with ISO may also participate in this work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in all electrotechnical standardization activities. Draft international standards prepared by technical committees are subject to approval by the member states. Publication as an international standard requires approval by at least 75% of the votes cast by the member states that voted.
International standard ISO10968 was drafted by ISO/TC127 Earth-moving machinery committee, SC2 Safety requirements and human factors subcommittee.
Appendix A and Appendix B are standard appendices, while Appendix C and Appendix D are informative appendices. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Earth-moving machinery
Operator's controls
Earth-moving machinery--Operator's controls This standard specifies the main operating requirements for earth-moving machinery operators' driving controls. GB/T85952001
eqvIS0 10968:1995
Replaces GB/T8595-1988
The provisions of this standard for hand, finger or foot controls do not limit the application of other control forms, control positions or control actions, but their layout should comply with the general requirements and source principles for driver safety and ergonomics. This standard applies to earth-moving machinery as defined in GB/T8498, excluding secondary controls. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T8420-2000 Earth-moving machinery driver's body size and driver's minimum activity space (eqvISO3411:1995) GB/T8498-1999 Terminology of basic types of earth-moving machinery (egvISO6165:1997) GB/T8593.1-1998 Earth-moving machinery driver's operating and other display symbols Part 1: Common symbols (eqvISO6405-1:1991)
GB/T8593.2-1998 Earth-moving machinery driver's operating and other display symbols Part 2: Special symbols for machines, working devices and accessories (egvISO6405-2: 1993) GB/T14781-1993 Earth-moving machinery Steering capability of wheeled machinery (egvISO5010: 1992) JB/T3683-2001 Comfort zone and reach range for maneuvering earth-moving machinery (egvISO6682: 1986) JG/T48-1999 Performance requirements and test methods for braking systems of wheeled earth-moving machinery (eqISO3450: 1985) 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Primary control
Operations frequently and continuously used by the driver.
Note: These operations are as follows:
a) Main engine
- Steering:
- Clutch or foot pedal;
Shifting:
Speed:
- Driving:
Braking:
Rotation or rotation:
b) Working device
Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on 2001-09-15 02-04-01 Implementation
GB/T8595-2001
- Raising or lowering operation (e.g. lifting arm of loader, working device of bulldozer, boom of excavator, side arm winch, winch of mechanical excavator): extension and retraction operation of boom,
- Return or forward movement (e.g. backhoe arm):- Operation of attachment (e.g. bucket, front shovel, grab, hammer, dump truck);- Rotation or rotation operation.
3.2 Secondary operation secondarycontrol
Operation used occasionally by the driver, but which is necessary for the specific function of the machine (e.g. parking brake, lighting operation). 3.3 Activeoperation
Operation of the main function of the attachment (e.g. cutting edge movement in the direction of the breakout force, closing of the grab). 4 Operating position
4.1 The main operating position shall comply with the provisions of GB/T8420 and JB/T3683. 4.2 There shall be sufficient distance between the joystick, adjacent pedals, handles, ball grips, the driver's body and other machine parts to prevent the adjacent operating devices from being unconsciously driven during operation. In order to provide practical functions of individual and simultaneous operation, overlapping of operating devices is allowed. 4.3 The arrangement of operating devices, operating links and their power sources shall not be damaged or put into dangerous positions under the action of foreseeable external forces (for example: maximum hand force, foot force or machine vibration). 4.4 When the operating force of the hand or finger reaches 150N, the free distance between the operating device and any adjacent component shall not be less than 25mm.
4.5 The surface of frequently used pedals shall be non-slip. 5 Movement of Control Devices
5.1 Unless it is a combined control or required by the user, the movement of the control devices relative to their neutral position should be consistent with the movement direction of the parts they control (for example, like the upper structure of an excavator, the joystick for driving the machine is located at the driver's position on the rotatable part of the machine). 5.2 Where machines are fitted with an alternative driver position and have the same arrangement of controls, the two sets of controls shall be operated in the same manner. The engagement of audible and visual warning devices shall be automatic or clearly identifiable. Steering controls for tracked and skid-steer machines shall remain identical with respect to movement in the direction of travel, even in the reverse drive position. 5.3 When the operator releases the controls, they shall return to their neutral position or remain in a position unless the machine's functional controls or other devices operate, for example, the controls are continuously or automatically active, or are in a pawl-connected functional position. 5.4 There shall be no hazardous movement during operation, starting or stopping of the power source or engine. 5.5 If control signals are transmitted by electrical signals, no harmful malfunctions shall occur within the range of the electrical signals. 5.6 The various controls shall be arranged, locked or shielded so that they cannot be accidentally actuated, especially when the operator enters and leaves the driver's position in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
5.7 The type, location and method of operation of the main operating parts of the control machine are specified in Appendix A (Standard Appendix). The type, location and method of operation of the main operating parts of its working device are specified in Appendix B (Standard Appendix). 5.8 Signs and symbols should be on or near the operating parts. If space is limited, a diagram is allowed to show the main operating functions. The diagram should be located in a place that is easily visible to the driver.
Graphic symbols should comply with the requirements of GB/T8593.1 and GB/T8593.21. 5.9 The typical arrangement of operating parts is shown in Appendix C (Suggestive Appendix). 6 Operating force
General operating force should not exceed the maximum operating force specified in Table 1. Adoption instructions:
1 Deleted the reference to the revised draft ISO6405-2 in the international standard:1993/DAM1. 2
GB/T8595—2001
These forces may be exceeded in emergency operation. The operating forces in Table 1 do not apply to the braking system and steering system. The operating forces for these systems are specified in JG/T481 and GB/T14781\. The direction of the operating force when operating the operating member is based on the position of the driver. Table 1 Operating force of operating parts
Operating action
Steering control
Lever, front/rear
Lever, lateral
Brake lever, upward
Intermediate hinged pedal
Lever or knob
This standard
Maximum operating force"N
JG/T481
1) Today's machines are designed to provide smaller operating forces. The minimum operating force depends on the operating system and is therefore not specified. Adoption instructions:
GB/T1478111
1 The operating forces of the braking system and steering system are directly referenced in the international standards (that is, only referenced in the text description of this chapter), It is not specifically listed in the table. For ease of use, it is directly extracted in the table. 3
Operating parts
Steering wheel
Hand control: single lever control
Hand control: two lever control
Clutch and foot pedal
Foot control
Hand control
GB/T8595—2001
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Main common operating parts positions of earth-moving machinery main engine
In front of the driver
Operation requirements
Clockwise rotation produces a right steering effect, while counterclockwise rotation produces a left steering effect
Moving the joystick to the left produces Left steering effect, right steering effect when the joystick is moved to the right
Moving the left joystick forward or (and) moving the right joystick backward should produce a right steering effect, moving the left joystick backward or (and) moving the right joystick forward should produce a left steering effect
Accessible by the driver's left foot, pressing the pedal forward or (and) downward should produce a disengaged effect Position
Speed: engine and (or) driving speed
Foot control
Accessible by the driver's right foot
Direction control: forward-reverse (no speed change) hand control
Accessible to the driver
The gear shifting method should be simple and clearly marked, especially the neutral position should be obvious Distinguish and easily select acceleration: forward and (or) downward movement should accelerate; deceleration: forward and (or) downward movement should decelerate. When operating forward (upward) or right, the effect of forward movement should be produced, and when operating backward (downward) or left, the effect of reverse movement should be produced.
Combination of speed and direction (linkage): continuously variable linkage. Hand operation
Driver-accessible
When operating forward and (or) upward from the neutral position, the effect of forward movement and increased forward speed should be produced: When operating backward and (or) downward from the neutral position, the effect of reverse movement and increased reverse speed should be produced
Operating parts
Foot operation: one pedal
Foot operation: two pedals||tt ||GB/T8595—2001www.bzxz.net
Accessible by the driver’s right foot
Accessible by the driver’s feet
Operation requirements
The pedal should be able to rotate under the driver’s feet and should be stationary in the middle position: when the front end of the pedal moves forward and (or) downward, it should produce the effect of forward movement and increased forward speed; when the rear end of the pedal moves downward, it should produce the effect of backward movement and increased backward speed
When the right pedal moves forward and (or) downward, it should produce the effect of forward movement and increased forward speed; when the left pedal moves downward, it should produce the effect of backward movement and increased backward speed
Speed, direction and steering linkage: Continuously changing linkage operation, single Lever control
Hand control: two levers
Foot control: two blocks
Brakes
Service brake
Foot brake
Hand brake
Coordination of steering and braking
Approachable area for the driver
Approachable area for the driver
Approachable area in front of the driver
Moving the joystick forward should produce the effect of moving forward and accelerating forwardMoving the joystick backward should produce the effect of moving backward and accelerating backward; moving the joystick to the left should produce the effect of turning left, while moving it to the right should produce the effect of turning rightMoving the two joysticks forward at the same time should produce the effect of moving forward and accelerating forward; moving the two joysticks backward at the same time should produce the effect of moving backward and accelerating backward The pedals should rotate under the driver's feet and should remain stationary in the middle position; the front ends of the two pedals should move forward and accelerate forward when they move downward; the rear ends of the two pedals should move backward and accelerate backward when they move downward: the front end of the left pedal and the rear end of the right pedal should move right when they move downward; the front end of the right pedal and the rear end of the left pedal should move left when they move downward
When braking, the normal direction of movement should be forward and (or) downward
It is best to use the pulling method
Operating parts||tt| |Foot control: two cross-pieces
Foot control: three-piece control
Rotation/slewing brake
Foot control
Rotation/slewing operation
Control: Able to turn the joystick
GB/T8595—2001
Control requirements
The downward movement of the right pedal should produce a right steering effect, the downward movement of the left pedal should produce a left steering effect, and the downward movement of the two pedals (overlapping fork position) should produce a stopping effect
The downward movement of the right pedal should produce a right steering effect; the downward movement of the left pedal should produce a left steering effect; the downward movement of the middle pedal should produce a stopping effect. The driver's left foot can approach! When braking, the direction of movement should be downward. Driver accessible
Rotation/slewing of the upper structure
Hand control: single-function control
Hand control: multi-function control
Operating element
Lifting/lowering
Hand control
Foot control: one pedal
Foot control: two pedals
When moving clockwise, a clockwise rotation effect should be produced. Driver's left hand accessible
Forward movement of the joystick should produce a clockwise rotation effect If the driver's left hand can reach the joystick, moving it to the right should produce a clockwise rotation effect. Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Earth-moving machinery
Main operating parts of the working device
Accessible to the driver's right hand
For the left hand, it is applicable to the operation of the body
Accessible to the driver's feet
Operation requirements
Moving the joystick backward should raise the working device, and moving the joystick forward should lower the working device|| tt||The pedal should rotate under the driver's feet and should remain stationary in the middle position;
When the rear part of the pedal moves downward, the working device should be raised; when the front part of the pedal moves downward, the working device should be lowered so that the driver's feet can reach it. When the right pedal moves downward, the working device should be raised; when the left pedal moves downward, the working device should be lowered. Number
Operating parts
Extend/retract
Hand operation
Foot operation: one pedal
Foot operation: two pedals||tt ||Backward/forward movement
Hand control
Foot control: one pedal
Foot control: two pedals
GB/T8595--2001
Accessibility of driver's left hand
Accessibility of driver's right foot
Accessibility of driver's both feet
Accessibility of driver's left hand
Accessibility of driver's left foot
Accessibility of driver's both feet
Operation of attachments (see 3.3)
Hand control: single function control
Hand control: multi-function control
Foot control: one-piece control
Foot control: two-piece control
Rotation/slewing operation
Hand control: single function control
Accessible to the driver's right hand
Operation requirements
The joystick should extend the working device when it moves forward: the joystick should retract when it moves backwardThe working device pedal should rotate under the driver's feet and should remain stationary in the middle position;
When the front end of the pedal moves downward, the working device should be extended; when the rear end of the pedal moves downward, the working device should be retractedWhen the right pedal moves downward, the working device should be extended; when the left pedal moves downward , the working device should be retracted. The backward movement of the joystick should produce the effect of backward movement. The pedal should rotate under the driver's feet and should remain stationary in the middle position:
When the front end of the pedal moves downward, it should produce forward movement; when the rear end of the pedal moves downward, it should produce backward movement. When the right pedal moves downward, it should produce forward movement; when the left pedal moves downward, it should produce backward movement. The backward movement of the joystick should produce the effect of actual operation. The driver's right hand can approach it.
The joystick moving to the left should produce the effect of actual operation. The driver's right foot can approach it.
The pedal should rotate under the driver's feet and should remain stationary in the middle position:
The downward movement of the rear end of the pedal should produce the actual operation. Effect
Accessible by the driver's right foot
Downward movement of the right pedal should produce the actual operation effectAccessible by the driver's left hand
Moving the joystick forward or right should produce a clockwise rotation effect
Operating parts
Hand control: multi-function control
Hand control: rotatable control
Foot control: one-piece control
Foot control: two-piece control
GB/T8595-2001
Operation requirements
Moving the joystick to the right should produce a clockwise rotationAccessible by the driver's left hand
Accessible by the driver
Accessible by the driver's left foot| |tt||The driver's left foot can reach
Moving the joystick clockwise should produce a clockwise rotation effect
The pedal should rotate under the driver's feet and should remain stationary in the middle position:
Moving the front end of the pedal downward should produce a clockwise rotation; moving the rear end of the pedal downward should produce a counterclockwise rotation. Moving the right pedal forward and (or) downward should produce a clockwise rotation;
Moving the left pedal forward and (or) downward should produce a counterclockwise rotation
Note: Because there are many types of earth-moving machinery, the movement direction of its working device depends on the height of the working device from the ground and the position with the attachment. Therefore, the middle height and middle position are often used to divide the work. Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Typical layout of control devices
C1 Tire excavator
C2 Crawler machine
C3 Loader
GB/T8595—2001
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