Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Electrical terminology
Insulator
: Electrotechnical terminology --InsulatorGB/T 290Q.8--1995
Replaces GB2900.8---83
This standard is formulated with reference to Part 471 of the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) "Insulators" and IEC Publication 137 "Bushings for AC voltages above 1000V", Publication 168 "Tests on indoor and outdoor porcelain or glass post insulators for systems with a nominal voltage above 1000V", Publication 383 "Tests on porcelain or glass insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000V", Publication 1109 "Composite insulators for AC overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000V" and Publication 507 "Artificial pollution migration tests on high-voltage insulators for AC systems".
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the special terms for insulators. The terms used in insulators and related standards must comply with GB/T2900.1-92 "Basic terms of electrical engineering", GB2900.19-82 "Electrical terms and high voltage test technology and insulation coordination", this standard and relevant national standards for electrical professional terms. Any terms not specified in the above standards can be specified in various standards and technical documents.
This standard is mainly applicable to insulators used in power and communication overhead lines, power plants and substations, and can be used for formulating standards, compiling technical documents, and writing and translating professional manuals, teaching materials and books. 2 General terms and product names
2.1-General terms
2.1.1 Insulator
A device used for electrical insulation and mechanical fixation of electrical equipment or conductors at different potentials. Note: Insulators can be divided into line insulators, substation insulators and bushings according to their uses. According to the material of the insulating part, it can be divided into insulators made of porcelain, glass or organic materials.
2.1.2 Antipollution-type insulator An insulator whose appearance is designed according to the requirements of use in polluted atmosphere areas. 2.1.3 Insulator with semiconducting glaze Stabilized insulator The entire surface of the insulating part is covered with a high-resistance layer, such as an insulator with semiconducting glaze. Note: In order to reduce the local electric field strength, an insulator with a high-resistance layer such as a semiconducting glaze on a small area of the insulating part is sometimes called a fringe glazed insulator. 2.2 Bushing
2.2.1 Bushing
A device that allows one or more conductors to pass through a partition such as a wall or a box and insulates the conductor from the partition. The device (flange or fastening accessory) fixed to the partition is an integral part of the bushing. Note: ① The conductor can be an integral part of the bushing, or it can be inserted into the central tube of the bushing. ② The bushing has the following types:
Liquid-filled or rubber-filled bushing;
State Administration of Technical Supervision approved 104 on April 6, 1995
Implementation on January 1, 1996
Liquid insulating bushing;
Gas-filled bushing;
Gas-insulated bushing;
Oil-impregnated paper bushing;
Adhesive paper bushing;
Glue-impregnated paper bushing,
Gas-impregnated bushing;
GB/T 2900.8—1995
Porcelain, glass or similar inorganic material bushing; Cast or molded resin insulating bushing;
Composite bushing.
2.2.2 Capacitance graded bushing A bushing with a conductive or semi-conductive layer arranged inside the main insulation to adjust the electric field distribution of the bushing. 2.2.3 Outdoor bushing Bushing Bushing designed for use in ambient air at atmospheric pressure at both ends and exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions but not exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions. Note: ① Moisture condensation on the bushing surface should be avoided in indoor installations and can be avoided by ventilation or heating if necessary. ② The definition of indoor bushing includes bushings that operate in air at a temperature higher than the ambient air temperature, such as occurs in air-insulated ducts.
2.2.4 Outdoor-indoor bushing Bushing designed for use in ambient air at atmospheric pressure at both ends. One end is exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions, while the other end is not exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions.
2.2.5 Outdoor [indoarJ-immersed bushingoutdoor[indoarJ-immersed bushing is designed for use in the surrounding air at one end and exposed [but not exposed] to outdoor atmospheric conditions, while the other end is immersed in an insulating medium (such as oil or gas) different from the surrounding air. 2.2.6 Completely immersed bushing is a bushing with both ends immersed in an insulating medium (such as oil or gas) different from the surrounding air. 2.2.7 Draw lead bushing is a bushing without an integral current-carrying conductor. The cable or other conductor is introduced through the bushing and connected to one end, and the bushing can be removed after it is disassembled.
2.3 Common names of line and substation insulators2.3.1 Type A insulator typeAinsulator is an insulator whose shortest breakdown distance through solid insulating material is at least equal to one-third of the shortest dry arc distance through the air outside the insulator (epoxy resin cast insulator) or one-half (other organic materials, porcelain and glass). 2.3.2 Type B insulator An insulator whose shortest breakdown distance through solid insulating material is less than one-third (epoxy resin cast insulator) or one-half (other organic materials, porcelain and glass) of the shortest dry distance through the air outside the insulator. 2.3.3 Solid-core insulator An insulator whose rod is solid and is made of the same insulating material only. 2.3.4 Hollow insulator Insulating envelope
An insulator with or without an umbrella (skirt) that is spread out from one end to the other. Note: ① Generally, the term "hollow insulator" does not include fastening accessories or end accessories. Hollow insulators can be composed of one, two or more insulating elements permanently assembled together.
(②2) Hollow insulators made of ceramic, glass or organic insulating materials are respectively called "porcelain sleeves", "glass sleeves" or "organic material sleeves". 2.3.5 Multi-element insulator105
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An insulator consisting of two or more disc-shaped or bell-shaped insulating elements glued together and also glued together with the fastening devices.
Note: The term "multiple cone insulator" is included in this definition. 2.3.6 Insulator with external linternal fittings: An insulator with metal fittings glued to the outside [inside] of the insulating part. 2.3.7 Insulator with internal and external fittings: An insulator with internal fittings glued to one end and external fittings glued to the other end. 2.3.8 Composite insulator: A composite insulator is an insulator composed of at least two insulating materials such as a core and a jacket and equipped with metal connectors. A composite insulator can be composed of several umbrellas installed on a core, with or without an intermediate sheath, or the jacket can be molded or cast directly on the core in one piece or in several pieces. Note: A composite insulator in which both insulating materials are made of organic materials is called an organic composite insulator (also called a synthetic insulator). 2.4 Line insulators
2.4.1 Insulator string insulator A string is composed of two or more insulator string elements connected together, used as a flexible support for overhead line conductors and mainly bears tension. 2.4.2 Insulator string element string insulator unit A disc-shaped insulator or a long rod-shaped insulator, whose accessories enable it to be flexibly connected to another similar insulator string element or connected to a fitting.
2.4.3'Insulator set: An assembly of one or more insulator strings connected together in a suitable manner, which is completely equipped with the hardware and protective devices required for operation.
2.4.4 Rigid insulator: An insulator used to rigidly support the conductor of an overhead line and is mainly subjected to bending and compression loads. 2.4.5 Pin insulator: A rigid insulator consisting of an insulating part that can be rigidly mounted to the supporting structure by a foot installed in the insulator hole. The insulating part can be composed of one or more individual insulators glued together. The fixing of the insulating part to the foot can be detachable or permanent (pin insulator with glued feet). Unless otherwise specified, the term "pin insulator" does not include detachable feet. 2.4.6 Line post insulator: A rigid insulator consisting of one or more insulating parts glued together with a metal base and sometimes a cap, the metal base being rigidly mounted to the supporting structure by bolts installed thereon. 2.4.7
Cross-arm insulator A rigid insulator designed to be used as both an insulator and a cross-arm. It can be rigidly mounted on a pole through mounting holes on an insulating part or an accessory.
2.4.8 Cap and pin insulator An insulator consisting of a disc-shaped or bell-shaped insulating part with or without ridges on the lower surface and accessories consisting of an external cap and an internal foot coaxially glued together along its axis. 2.4.9 Rod-shaped suspension insulator
Long rod insulator Long rod insulatar An insulator consisting of an insulating part with a cylindrical rod body with or without an umbrella and external or internal glued accessories glued at both ends.
2.4.10 Shackle insulator An insulator consisting of an insulating part with two or more umbrella skirts and an approximately cylindrical shape with an axial hole. With the help of 106
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screws passing through its axial hole, it can be firmly fixed to the structure. 2.4.11 Spaol insulator An insulator with a cylindrical shape, it has an axial through-hole and two or more circumferential grooves for fixing the conductor. 2.4.12 Knobinsulator A small insulator with a cylindrical shape, it has a circumferential groove for fixing the conductor, and is installed on the supporting structure by screws glued into the holes of the insulating part or screws passing through the axial holes of the insulating part. 2.4.13 Strain insulator An insulator arranged on a structural support such as a guy wire or a flying wire to insulate a section of the support or prevent leakage current from flowing through the support.
2.4.14 Porcelain cleat
Two plate-shaped porcelain blocks similar to rectangular blocks used to clamp and fix the conductor. 2.4.15 Porcelain tube
Generally refers to a cylindrical hollow insulator without an angular rim, with a diameter smaller than its length. Note: A porcelain tube may have a flange (capped porcelain tube) or an elbow (elbowed porcelain tube) at one end. 2.4.16 Traction insulator An insulator or group of insulators used as a flexible or rigid support for overhead power traction lines. All types of overhead line insulators can be used for this purpose.
2.4.17 Cap and pin insulator for ground overhead lead Cap and pin insulator for ground overhead lead Cap and pin insulator for insulation and support of overhead insulated ground leads. Usually it consists of two parts: an insulating component and a protective gap. The protective gap is composed of electrodes fastened to the insulator by bolts. 2.5 Substation insulators
2.5.1 Post insulators Post insulators consist of a post insulator element or an assembly of elements, used as a rigid support for live parts and insulate them from the ground or another live part.
Note: () A post insulator composed of two or more elements is also called a post insulator stack. ② The term post insulator can refer to a post insulator column or a post insulator element. ③) Post insulators or insulator columns sometimes have hardware or protective devices. 2.5.2 Post insulator unit Post insulator unit consists of one or more insulating parts glued together with fastening devices that can easily install other components. 2.5.3 Outdoor post insulators Post insulators designed to be used in outdoor atmospheric conditions. 2.5.4 Indoor post insulators Post insulators designed to be installed in indoor locations that are not subject to excessive condensation. Note: For indoor installations subject to excessive condensation, outdoor insulators or special indoor insulators may be used. 2.5.5 Cylindrical post insulator A post insulator that is approximately cylindrical and consists of one or more insulating parts. Each end of the insulator has a metal attachment, which may consist of a cap with a light hole or a screw hole for bolt or screw connection. Insert or flange. Note: The term "approximately cylindrical" includes elements with a circular cross-section but whose diameter may vary. 2.5.6 Rod-type post insulator
Solid-core post insulator A cylindrical post insulator with a solid rod body. pedestal post insulator2.5.7
A post insulator with two metal parts, the "cap" is glued on the local outer surface of the insulating part, and the "seat" is glued in the hole of the insulating part; the 107
GB/T 2900.8---1995
cap usually has several screw holes, and the seat has a flange with several light holes for bolt or screw connection. 2.5.8 link insulatorA kind of insulator used to transmit the movement between components at different potentials in electrical equipment. 2.5.9 hollow post insulatorunitThe hollow post insulator unit is composed of a hollow insulator and a fastening device permanently assembled as a rigid support. 2.5.10 Hollow post insulator A hollow post insulator consists of a hollow post insulator element or an assembly of multiple elements, used to rigidly support live parts to insulate them from the ground or another live part. 2.5.11 Housing insulator A housing insulator is a hollow insulator, which is often used as a casing, for example, as an insulating casing for the isolation chamber of a circuit breaker. 3 Structural design, components, materials and processes 3.1 Structural design parameters and elements
3.1.1 Core of an insulaton The core part of an insulator, designed to ensure mechanical properties. There is usually a shed on it. 3.1.2 Shed of an insulator The insulating part protruding from the insulator rod to increase the creepage distance. The shed may be ribbed or non-ribbed. 3.1.3 Dry arcing distance Arcing distance
The shortest distance along the air outside the insulator between two metal parts to which the operating voltage is normally applied. Note: When the insulator is composed of several components in series, this arcing distance refers to the shortest distance between the above two electrodes or the sum of the shortest distances between the metal attachments at both ends of each component along the air outside the component, whichever is shorter. 3.1.4 Creepage distance The shortest distance along the surface of the insulator between two conductive parts. Formerly known as: leakage distance, leakage distance.
Note: The surface of cement or other non-insulating adhesive materials is not considered to be part of the creepage distance. If some parts of the insulating parts of the insulator are covered with a high-resistance layer, this part should be considered as an effective insulating surface and the distance along it should be included in the creepage distance. 3.1.5 Protected creepage distance The part of the creepage distance that is in the shadow on the light source side of the insulator if the light is irradiated on the insulator along a direction of 90° (or 45° in special cases) to the long axis of the insulator. 3.1.6 Specific creepage distance The ratio of the creepage distance of the external insulation of power equipment to the highest voltage of the equipment or the system using the equipment. 3.1.7 Spacing
Structural height (for string insulator unit) Spacing (for string insulator unit) The distance between two adjacent points in an insulator or insulator assembly that repeats in a cycle. 3.1.8 Ball and socket coupling A connection consisting of a ball, a socket and a locking pin and having flexibility. 3.1.9 Clevis and tongue coupling A connection consisting of a lug, a flat foot and a cylindrical pin and having limited flexibility. 3.1.10 Core (of a composite insulator) This core is the inner insulating part of the composite insulator and is used to ensure its mechanical properties. The core is usually made of a glass fiber reinforced resin rod (or tube).
3.1.11Housing and sheds of a composite insulator108
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Housing is the outer insulating part of a composite insulator, used to provide the necessary creepage distance and protect the core from the influence of climate. The intermediate sheath made of insulating material is a part of the housing. The shed is a part protruding from the housing, used to increase the creepage distance. The shed may or may not have edges. 3.1.12Interfares of a composite insulatorInterfaces are the interface between different materials or different parts of a composite insulator. In most insulators, there are various interfaces, such as:
the interface between glass fiber and impregnating resin; the interface between filler particles and polymer; the interface between the core and the housing;
the interface between the various parts of the housing, between the sheds or between the housing and the shed; the interface between the housing, the core and the metal accessories. 3.1.13 Connection zone The connection zone is the part where mechanical load is transferred between the composite insulator core and the metal accessories. 3.2 Parts 3.2.1 Insulating part A single insulating part or an assembly of multiple insulating parts glued together, but without metal accessories. Note: Insulating parts made of ceramic, glass or organic insulating materials are called porcelain parts, glass parts or organic material parts respectively. 3.2.2 Fitting A fixing device A part of an insulator that is used to connect the insulator to the supporting structure, a part of the conductor equipment or other insulators. Note: For accessories made of metal materials, the term "metal fitting" is usually used. 3.2.3 Zinc sleeve A metal zinc part fused to the insulator leg to act as a sacrificial electrode to protect the disc insulator leg from electrolytic corrosion. 3.2.4 Zinc collar
Metallic zinc part fused to the bottom of the insulator cap to protect the disc-shaped insulator cap from electrolytic corrosion and act as an anode electrode. 3.3 Materials and assembly process
3.3.1 Ceramic insulating material Ceramic insulating material Inorganic material that is sintered after being formed into a certain shape. Its main components usually include polycrystalline silicate, aluminosilicate, titanate or oxide.
Note: Ceramic insulating material for electrical applications is called electrical porcelain (material). 3.3.2 Glass insulating material Glass insulating material is a glassy inorganic material that is basically free of crystalline phase after solidification after melting or sintering. Toughened glass
Glass with prestressed interior to improve mechanical properties. 3.3.4 Annealed glass Glass that has been treated to basically eliminate internal stress. 3.3.5 Glaze
Glassy surface layer on porcelain parts.
3.3.6 Semiconducting glaze A glaze with a lower resistivity than ordinary ceramic materials or glazes, and its surface resistivity is usually in the range of 104~10°2. Resilient coating
A thin layer applied to the surface of the bonding part between the insulating part and the metal accessory to buffer the thermal stress and additional mechanical stress caused by temperature changes or mechanical load changes.
cernenting
3.3.8 Gluing
GB/T 2900.8—1995
A method of permanently bonding two or more insulating parts or insulating parts and accessories with adhesives. Adhesives usually include cement adhesives, sulfur graphite adhesives and lead monoxide (melthorium) adhesives. 3.3.9 Clamping
Method of connecting two or more insulating parts or insulating parts with fastening devices by mechanical fixing (such as mechanical clamping force, spring pressure, etc.).
Ceramic-to-metal seal
Ceramic-to-metal seal
Sealed welding between ceramic parts and metal accessories. 3.3-11 Adhesion
Use adhesive to permanently join two insulating parts or insulating parts with metal accessories. Adhesives are usually divided into organic (such as resin) and inorganic (such as ceramic glaze) materials.
4 Technical concepts, characteristics and test methods
4.1 Technical concepts and characteristics
4.1.1 Rated thermal short time current Rated symmetrical current RMS value applied immediately after the bushing is continuously operated at rated current under the condition that the surrounding air and the immersion medium are at the highest temperature. The bushing should be able to withstand this current thermally and maintain it for a rated time. Rated dynamic stability current 4.1.2
The peak value of the rated short time current that the bushing can withstand mechanically. Pollution layer
The conductive electrolyte layer on the surface of the insulator, which contains soluble components and insoluble components. 4. 1.4
Pollution layer conductivity
The ratio of the power frequency current flowing through the pollution layer of the insulator to the applied voltage when the pollution migration insulator is damp. 4.1.5 Form factor
is a parameter that characterizes the structural shape of the outer insulation surface of the insulator. It is calculated by the following formula: 1edi
2 yuan J. (1)
Wherein: f--insulator form factor;
dl--creepage distance micro-segment of the outer insulation surface; r--the distance from the
creepage distance micro-segment to the rotation axis of the outer insulation surface (generally it is a function of 1); l-insulator creepage distance;
pi.
4.1.6 Layer conductivity layerconductivity The product of the layer conductivity value and the form factor. 4.1.7 Equivalent salt deposit equivalent NaCl amount of the dirty deposit on the insulation surface of the insulator. All the dirty deposits on the insulation surface of the insulator and the above equivalent amount of NaCl are dissolved in the same volume of distilled water respectively, and they have the same volume conductivity. Note: The equivalent salt content of natural pollution insulators subjected to industrial pollution often varies due to the type of pollutants and the amount of dissolved water. Therefore, this equivalent salt content is often not equivalent to the actual Na (I content during artificial pollution tests. That is, natural and artificial pollution insulators of the same type with the same salt content, when tested by the same test method, their pollution withstand voltage is not necessarily at the same level. 4.1.8 Equivalent salt deposit density equivalent salt deposit density 110
GB/T 2900.8--1995
Equivalent salt deposit density per unit insulating surface of insulator. 4.1.9 Salinity salinity
The concentration of a salt solution, which is the quotient of the mass of the salt in grams divided by the volume of the solution in cubic meters. 4.1.10 Mechanical failing load The maximum load that the insulator can reach when the test piece is subjected to mechanical failure test under specified test conditions. Note: According to the type of load, there are tensile, bending, torsion, compression, shear and internal pressure failure loads. Deflection under load 4.1.111
The displacement perpendicular to the axis of the insulator measured at a certain point on the insulator under the action of a load applied perpendicular to the axis of the insulator.
Electromechanical failing load 4.1.12
The maximum mechanical load that the insulator can reach when it is subjected to mechanical load and voltage at the same time without breakdown under specified conditions. 4.1.13 Mechanical withstand load The mechanical load that is applied to the insulator under specified conditions for a specified time without causing mechanical failure. Residual mechanical strength 4.1.14
The maximum mechanical failure load that can be reached when the insulating part of the disc-shaped insulator element (i.e., the umbrella disc) is mechanically destroyed according to the specified method under the test conditions.
4.1.15 Mechanical impact strength impact strength Kinetic energy that an insulator can withstand without mechanical damage under specified conditions. 4.1.16 (Insulator) puncture (of an insulator) A destructive discharge that penetrates the solid insulating material of an insulator and causes permanent loss of dielectric strength of the insulator. 4.1.17 Impulse overvoltage puncture withstand voltage Steep wave impulse withstand voltage
The peak value of the impulse overvoltage that an insulator can withstand without breakdown under specified test conditions. 4.1.18 (Insulator) flashover flashover (of an insulator) A destructive discharge that occurs along the surface of the insulator outside the insulator and connects two parts that normally have an operating voltage. Porosity fuchsine porosity
Determine whether a material absorbs magenta dye or the degree of absorption by the method of magenta dye penetration under pressure. Ageing of an insulator4.1.20
The phenomenon that one or more properties of an insulator deteriorate irreversibly over time during normal use. Ion migration
The migration of ions in the dielectric of an insulator under direct voltage, which may cause changes in the electrical or mechanical properties of the insulator. Thermal runaway
The phenomenon that occurs when the heat generated inside a solid with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance is greater than the heat dissipated externally. 4.2 Test methods
4.2.1 Visual examinationAn inspection of the appearance mainly by visual observation. 4.2.2 Spark test
An inspection of the B-type insulator to see if there are certain defects (such as cracks) by applying voltage to the test piece under specified conditions and causing frequent sparks on its surface for a certain period of time (such as 5 minutes) to remove waste products. There are power frequency and high frequency spark tests according to the voltage type.
4.2.3 Thermal stability test A test to evaluate whether the thermal process in the insulating medium of an electrical appliance with organic materials as the main insulation and used in an insulating medium with a relatively high operating temperature can be balanced under the conditions of applying a certain voltage and simulating conductor loss. 111
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4.2.4 1-hour electromechanical test A test in which a specified tensile load and power frequency voltage are applied to the disc insulator for one hour at the same time. Note: The specified tensile load applied during the test is called the one-hour electromechanical test load. 4.2.5
temperature cycle test
Temperature cycle test
A test to test the ability of an insulator to withstand rapid changes in ambient temperature. During the test, the test piece should withstand multiple cycles of hot-cold-hot-cold without damage.
Formerly known as: hot and cold test.
4.2.6 Thermal shock test (for toughened glass insulator) A test to check the toughening quality of toughened glass insulators. During the test, the test piece should withstand high heat and then sudden cooling without damage. Thermal-mechanical performance test4.2.7
A test to check the performance of insulators under load changes and temperature changes. During the test, the test piece should withstand several cycles of temperature and mechanical load changes.
4.2.8 Arc test
A test to apply a specified test current to the insulator for a specified time to evaluate the arc resistance performance of the insulator structure and materials.
Type A insulator
Semi-conductive glaze
Semi-conductive glaze insulator
Rod suspension insulator
Rod post insulator.
Protective creepage distance
Edge) glaze insulator.
Glass insulation material
Type B insulator
Residual mechanical strength
Slot connection
Long rod insulator
Impact overvoltage withstand voltage
Cable (type) bushing….
Porcelain splint
Equivalent salt content
Equivalent salt density
Electrical porcelain (material)·
Electrical ceramic insulation material
Arc distance
Arc test·
Capacitor (type) bushing
Butterfly insulator
Stacked cone insulator||t t||Steep wave impulse withstand voltage
Multi-optical insulator
Rated dynamic stability current
Rated thermal short-time current
GB/T2900.8-1995
.3.3.2
.2.2.7
Interface of composite insulator
Coat and umbrella of composite insulator
Core (of composite insulator)
Deviation under load
Dry distance
Tempered glass
Rigid insulator,
Drum insulator
Synthetic insulator．
Cross-arm insulator
Indoor-immersion bushing
Indoor bushing,bzxz.net
Indoor post insulator
Outdoor-indoor bushing
Outdoor-immersion bushing
Outdoor bushing·
Outdoor post insulator
Buffer layer
Spark test
Electromechanical destruction load
Mechanical impact strength
Mechanical withstand load
Mechanical destruction load
.·· 2.2.4
Overhead earth wire disc-shaped suspension insulator． ． 24.17 Spacing ·
Glue binding ·
Structural height (for insulator string components)
Metal accessories
Metal ceramic sealing welding
Fastening components ·
Insulating parts
.3.1.7
..3.2.2
Insulating sleeve·
Insulator
Insulator string
Insulator string components.
Insulator rod
(Insulator) breakdown
Insulator aging
Insulator shed (skirt)
(Insulator) flashover
Insulator group·
Hollow insulator
Hollow post insulator
Hollow post insulator components
Porosity
Tie rod insulator.
Tie insulator
Hot and cold test
Ion migration
Connection area
Joint glued insulator.
Leakage distance·
Pollution-resistant insulator
Internal rubber-mounted insulator
Creepage distance
Creep distance
Disc (suspension) insulator
Traction line insulator
Ball and socket connection·
Thermomechanical performance test:
Thermal damage
GB/T 2900.8
Thermal stability test
Thermal shock test (for tempered glass insulators).Container insulators
Solid insulators
Solid post insulators.
Ceramic insulating materials
Annealed glass
Appearance inspection
External rubber-coated insulators.
Fully immersed bushings
Temperature cycle test
Stabilized insulators,
Contamination Layer conductivity·
Contamination layer conductivity.
Contamination layer·
Line post insulator
Bobbin insulator
Leakage distance
Form factor·
Hour electromechanical test...
Cylindrical post insulator
Pin insulator
Pin post insulator.
Post insulator
Post insulator element
.. 2.5.11
++++++++r
Post insulator post
adhesion
ageing of an insulator.
annealed glass
antipollution-type insulatorarcing distanc
ball and socket coupling
bushing
cap and pin insulator
GB/T 2900.8-1995
intermediate sheath
English index
cap and pin insulator for ground overhead leadcapacitance graded bushing ..cementing .
ceramic insulating material .ceramic insulating material for electrical applications ...ceramic-to-metal seal .....
clamping
P0000r01+ 100000
clevis and tongue coupling
completely irmmersed bushing ....connection zone ...
core (of a composite insulator).....core of an insulator
creepage distance
cross-arm insulator
cylindrical post insulato
deflection under load ...
draw lead bushing
dry arcing distance
electromechanical failing loadequivalent salt deposit :
cquivalent salt deposit densitycentral product
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3.1.14
...3.3.9
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