GB/T 13410-1992 Technical requirements for turbochargers for marine diesel engines
Some standard content:
Tinc:621.431.73.052
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 1341092
The technical specifications of turbochargersused for marine diesel engines1992-03-30Promulgated
National Technical Supervision Bureau
Implementation on 1993-01-01
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
The technical specifications of turbochargersused for marine diesel engines1 Subject content and scope of use
GH/T 13410- 92
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection period, marking, packaging, storage, etc. of turbochargers used for marine diesel engines.
Strict standard for supercharger (hereinafter referred to as supercharger) for supercharger engine 2 Reference standards
GB727 Product naming and numbering method for supercharger GB1105.1 Internal combustion engine bench performance test method standard environmental conditions and specifications, fuel consumption and engine exhaust consumption calibration GB114? Applicable technical parts for internal combustion engine
GB2624 Single measuring device The first external parts are angle tapping, standard orifice plate for tapping pressure and single tapping pressure nozzle
3 Technical requirements
3.1 The supercharger must meet the requirements of this standard and be manufactured according to the drawings and technical documents approved by the prescribed procedures. 3.2 The model designation of the supercharger shall comply with the provisions of GR727. 3.3 The working conditions and cost performance of the supercharger shall meet the requirements of G1171.1. 3.4 The total efficiency of the supercharger, the air output ratio and the efficiency shall meet the design indicators and specifications. Under the specified ratio, the speed deviation shall be within 2% of the specified value and the flow rate difference shall be within 3% of the specified value. 3.5 The average value of the supercharger during the stand-alone test (with silencer suction head test, pressure level) shall be as specified in Table 1. Table 1
3.6 During the strict stand test, the dynamic speed value shall not exceed 1.4 mm/s1.7~2.5
3.7 The guide wheel, air impeller and bladed shaft of the supercharger shall be dynamically balanced as a single piece, or the supercharger assembly shall be dynamically balanced: its quality shall comply with the requirements of the drawing.
3. The air flow of the turbocharger is light, and the compressor wheel should be tested for wing avoidance. The overrun time and speed should comply with the provisions of relevant technical documents. 3.9 The cooling water and oil chambers of the turbocharger should be tested for water pressure. The test pressure is 40kFa or 1.5 working pressure (the larger of the two). The test lasts for 5 minutes, and there should be no condensation leakage. 3.10 The turbocharger should be equipped with a rotor locking device. 3.11 The turbocharger, exhaust casing and air chamber of the turbocharger should be in the required plane of the axis according to the needs of the machine. The rotation angle should not be greater than 30.
GB/T :341G : 92
3.12 The turbocharger should be easy to install and use. The surface is not allowed to be oily, and there shall be no defects such as peeling, cracking, and cracking. The outer surface of the small radial supercharger is not allowed to be flat and smooth. 3.13 When the supercharger is in operation, the shell and the seals shall not have water leakage, flushing, condensation, etc. 3.14 The warranty period of the supercharger used according to the manufacturer's maintenance instructions is 3 days. If there are special instructions, it shall be specified separately. During the warranty period, the parts damaged by poor manufacturing quality shall be repaired or replaced free of charge. 3.15 When the supercharger is delivered, the manufacturer shall provide random spare parts, one special tool each, and at the same time provide installation and maintenance instructions and a factory inspection certificate including the technical completion of the supercharger. 4. Test method
4.1 Test table and method
The test table shall be inspected and calibrated by a unit approved by the national planning department and have a certificate of qualification. 4.1.1 The speed measurement
shall be measured by electric device with an accuracy of 1/2 mm. 4.1.2 The torque measurement
shall be measured by force reduction, electric dynamometer or other similar equipment with an error of 1/2 mm. 4.1.3 Positive tide
4.1.3.1 The pressure shall be measured with a spring-type or filter-type dynamometer. For the turbine inlet and outlet pressure, a U-tube dynamometer shall be used with an accuracy of 1.5°. For other measurement methods, the atmospheric positive pressure shall be measured with a gas dynamometer with an accuracy of (2%. 4.1.3.2 The pressure measurement shall be carried out in a pipeline, the cross-section and shape of which shall be consistent with the corresponding shapes of the compressor and turbine inlet and outlet. The distance between the measuring point and the compressor inlet and outlet shall not exceed the corresponding inlet and outlet diameters, and shall be 1 to 1.5 times the pipeline diameter from the compressor outlet and the turbine outlet. When the diameter of the measuring section is equal to that of the compressor or turbine inlet, a small 14-meter increase connection is allowed. For non-standard installations, the distance shall not be greater than The diameter of the return surface of equal area. If the compressor has radial air inlet, the above distance shall not be greater than half of the width of the inlet annular section, see Appendix A (supplement). 4.1.3.3 The static pressure measurement shall be carried out at least at 100 points and evenly distributed along the return path. The diameter of the static pressure hole shall be 0.5-1.5 mm and perpendicular to the wall. There shall be no burrs or protruding parts. The pipe wall shall be completely straight. When the total airflow pressure is measured with a total pressure gauge, its sensing holes shall be distributed along the centers of four equal areas of the tube. The total pressure can also be calculated based on the algebraic difference between the static pressure and the pressure at the cross section. Appendix A (supplement),
4.1.4 Combination variable measurement
4.1.4.1 Temperature sensor or single temperature meter, in the airflow, a filter-type thermometer shall be used. Its sensing device shall not be The rapid recovery coefficient should not be less than -F0.86. The scale value of the compressor outlet thermometer is ±0.1, which is erroneously set to J.2. The maximum error of the turbine inlet temperature measurement is ±5%.
4.1.4.2 The ambient air temperature and mixing density measuring instruments are installed at 1.n away from the air inlet, and should prevent the influence of airflow heat radiation.
4.1.4.3 The distance between the air compressor and turbine exhaust inlet and outlet temperature reading holes should meet the requirements of the pressure measurement point layout. The thermometer can be installed along the gas flow direction, that is, behind the pressure sensor. The pressure drop point is 0.5 compensation points, and staggered with the thin layer points. The thermometers are evenly distributed at four points around the pipe, so that the temperature sensor windows are located at the center of equal annular areas. The hidden area of the pressure or temperature probe in the pipeline should not exceed 5% of the cross section, see Appendix A (Supplement), 4.1.4.4 The stagnation temperature obtained by the static overflow and the airflow selection of the cabinet section is determined by the difference in the stagnation temperature rise: Taking into account the recovery coefficient of the stagnation positive shear thermometer, the size of the protective tube is shown in Appendix 4 (Supplementary Figure A3 and Table A1 + filter when the pipe is aligned with the airflow direction + the surface should be made of materials with low thermal conductivity. 4.1.4.5 The pipe used for the measuring plate should be able to trap heat well, so that the wall temperature is close to the airflow temperature. The difference is within 15℃. The pipe joints should be strictly:
4.1.5 Flow measurement
GB/T13410-92
Flow measurement should use a standard orifice flowmeter with an accuracy of 1.5%. The design, manufacture, installation, use and control of standard orifice flowmeters are stipulated in 2002624. 4.1.6 Safety measurement
Where the speed is measured with a micrometer. When measuring, the compressor end should be 6 to 10 meters away from the supercharger on the horizontal plane of the supercharger axis. See Appendix A (supplement).
4.1.7 Perturbation measurement point
Perturbation is measured with a micrometer. When measuring, the sensor is placed on the research body near the auxiliary support and the speed value is recorded. 4.2 Test record
4.2.1 The test should be carried out on a test machine that meets the requirements of this standard. 4.2.2 Before the test, the supercharger should be operated for 10-20 minutes to reach a thermally stable state. 4-2.3 During the test, the deviation of each observed value at a test operating point from the average value recorded at that operating point during the entire operation period shall not exceed the specified measurement error value. If the value exceeds the limit, the test condition should be abandoned. 4.2.4 Duration of test condition or number of effective readings. The test condition should be repeated at least twice a month according to the type and reading of the supercharger.
4.25 During the test, the bearing inlet oil level, oil source and outlet oil level and flow rate, cooling water inlet pressure, temperature and outlet water temperature and flow rate should comply with the technical documents.
4.2.6 Before supercharger test: the test outline and operating procedures should be determined according to the test items. 4.3, type test
4.3.1. The test is for high-pressure, newly designed superchargers, superchargers with greatly improved flow passages or bearings; b. Superchargers produced by a new factory; superchargers sampled from mass production; 4.3.2 The test includes compressor performance test, turbine performance test, and supercharger durability test.
4.3.3 The performance test of compressor and turbine shall be carried out on a special component test bench. If the components are not available, it can also be carried out on the compressor.
4.3.4 Compressor performance test
4.3.4.1 On the test bench, the performance test can be carried out without the silencer or the suction elbow. At least 5 equal speed lines shall be made. The working points of each equal speed line shall be not less than 6 points (holding points) and evenly distributed in the whole flow section. The measurement procedure is shown in Appendix H (Supplement), and the relationship between the potential pressure ratio, efficiency, and the impact boundary line and the flow rate shall be calculated to make a performance curve, see Appendix B (Supplement). 4.3.4.2 If the silencer suction elbow is provided, the manufacturer shall provide the pressure loss data of the silencer or the suction elbow. 4.3.4.3 When determining the noise limit, the volume behind the compressor should not be less than the volume of the intake system of the equipped diesel engine. Surge point measurement: the liquid level of the U-shaped gauge at the compressor outlet suddenly jumps, and the sound of the supercharger airflow is heard at the same time. Record the flow, pressure, speed and other parameters at this time.
4.3.4.4 The noise value shall be measured according to the method in 4.1.6. The average and maximum values shall be taken. The results shall comply with the provisions of 3.5. 4.3.5 Turbine performance test
It is carried out under the condition of fixed speed (which is equivalent to the design speed of the compressor) and unknown gas temperature. The turbine power can be measured directly by the dynamometer or electric dynamometer as much as possible, and it can also be measured by the indirect dynamometer method of thermodynamic calculation. The measurement scan is shown in Appendix B (Supplement), and the turbine efficiency and flow characteristics/c are calculated. The performance curve is drawn based on the expansion ratio +, see Appendix (supplement). For large weak-wheel superchargers, due to the limited capacity of the test room, the even-wheel dead characteristic test can be carried out according to the method agreed upon by the relevant departments. 4.3.6 Durability test of supercharger
4.3.6.1 Durability test 1. The speed of the turbocharger is 90% of the maximum speed, and the inlet speed of the boiler is 30-50% lower than the maximum speed. The durability test time is: for B., b., c. of 4.3.1, the test time is 100 h. For imported products, the test time is 75 h. For ±4.3.1 a., the test time can be reduced according to the conditions and the test time is determined by random inspection; for large turbochargers (compressor blades with a diameter of less than 350 m), the test time and date shall be determined by the relevant units through consultation. 4.3.6.2 During the durability test, after the working condition is determined, the vertical number in Table B1 in Appendix B (Supplement) shall be measured every 2 hours. During the test, the friction is not allowed to occur. If the turbocharger stops due to non-standard reasons, it shall not exceed 1 time, and each stop shall not exceed 1,4. 3.6.3 Carry out a 5.5 h strength test at the turbine inlet and maximum speed. The test results shall meet the requirements of the relevant technical documents.
After the durability test, the following items shall be checked: 4.3.6.4
Changes in assembly clearance:
If you want to balance the rotor, you should also conduct optical vibration inspection! b.
Changes in the wear and clearance of the bearing and vibration device, the changes in the end flow, the wide body of the turbine, the diffuser, etc.: Changes in the dynamic blades of the turbine!
, seal, and seal removal.
Inspection results show that essential parts are damaged and the test fails. 4.4 Factory test
4.4.1 Test object
Each supercharger leaving the factory shall be subject to factory test. 4.4.2 Test content
Performance test:
, 1. Structural assessment test
c. Vibration value:
d. 4.4.3 Performance test
Use the self-circulation method. After the working condition is stable, measure the items in Table B1 in Appendix B (3: Filling> and calculate the gas-to-machine ratio, efficiency and total efficiency of the supercharger.
14.4 Vibration test
Run the supercharger at high temperature and speed for 15 minutes. 4.4.5 Vibration value
The vibration value is measured according to the force method in 1.1. .4.6 Turn-off time
When the supercharger is at 50% of the highest speed, the self-loop operation mode is adopted to safely close the fuel network. The time taken for the whole supercharger to stop is recorded,
year. 5 Special tests
If the user has special requirements for high-speed tests such as high-back jade and emergency vehicles, the user can contact the manufacturer. 4.6 Calculation of test results
. 4.6.1 Standard air pressure conditions
Atmospheric pressure
phna kPa:
Ambient temperature t,=25
Relative difference,=0%.
GB/T13410-92
When the environmental conditions during the test differ from the standard environmental conditions taken during the design, a peak correction should be added. 4.6.1.1 The test speed is calculated according to formula (1). N298
Test speed, 1/min
Where:
Speed under standard conditions, / blood m
Total at the inlet of the gas machine, K.
4.6.1.2 Flow under standard conditions is calculated according to formula (2), Gu=G
wherein, G is the flow rate under standard conditions, kg/eG is the variable flow under test conditions + kR/z:. Standard ambient pressure. kPal
and — the total pressure at the compressor inlet, kPa. 4.6.2 The total pressure ratio of the compressor is calculated by following the formula (3), [Twww.bzxz.net
, —pt
wherein, P. — the total pressure at the compressor outlet, kPa. 4.6.3 The total adiabatic efficiency of the compressor is the ratio of the adiabatic compression work of the air to the actual work. And it is calculated by following the formula (4). T,
wherein: The total pressure at the compressor outlet, K
, the air adiabatic index, is taken as 1. 4F
T, total compressor inlet pressure, K:
-compressor total pressure ratio.
4.6. Turbine service ratio
Ideal turbine heat reduction Hr:
Where; C..ideal full turbine inductance 3/a; turbine speed + r/mins
turbine wheel speed, m/g
turbine average g. Z
G, = /2gH.
m Gravitational acceleration. Take the value of 9.81m/g*
Gas absolute index, take the value of 1.36
Increased gas belt number take the value of 286.45.J/kg·K, exhaust turbine inlet total group, K,
-full turbine inlet total low, kPa
Product·Model turbine outlet static pressure, kFa,
CB/T 13410—92
6.5 Turbine efficiency is the ratio of the shaft power of the regulating turbine to the ideal available power. The direct dynamometer method is calculated using formula (0), where V is the turbine shaft power, =
P—dynamometer load, N:
L pounds of force, n1+
--..-weak speed, I/min
Ideal available average rate, =Gt,W.
1.6.6 The turbine load is used as the exhaust turbine load in the belt test, and the turbine efficiency is directly calculated by the thermodynamic method, see formula (1U). ARC-T
In: Gas system Gr = G center.k/:
Air flow, kg//
Fuel channel year,
K-- Beijing gas forest belt number value 287.1 =, J/kgK. Xu: According to the ratio method, the wheel signing rate is calculated, including the following additional losses: [) Whether the turbine intake type and non-gas demand force is related (2) The amount of cooling water carried away by the gear machine intake casing) -
[》 Self-supply oil lubrication cycle, oil consumption modification and Mao Shang bearing report type oil supply inquiry, rail bearing plan: 14) Gas seal steel gas loss;
<5) The storage heat and wind loss of the compressor wheel shop. L.6.7 Total efficiency of a turbocharger is the ratio of the constant fullness of the compressor to the constant fullness of the turbine expansion. FTa 1.6.8 Turbine flow capacity In: flow function. Verification rule G.. R. -7. k, above:
(12)
, 1 The chemical composition and mechanical performance of the turbocharger's rotor shaft (whole forging), impeller, turbine blades, compressor impeller and guide wheel, compressor rail and volute, etc. shall be technically inspected and recorded, and the results shall comply with the requirements of the design drawings and technical documents. 5-2 For turbochargers with diffusers, the throat area of the nozzle shall be technically inspected and recorded. 5.3 The turbocharger's rotor shaft (forging), guide wheel, compressor impeller, impeller, impeller blades shall be inspected and recorded according to the design drawings and technical documents.
5.4 Each turbocharger delivered must be inspected by the factory inspection department and the home inspection department, and be equipped with a product quality certificate. 5.5 Factory inspection and type inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Table 2. 2. Inspection classification. Compressor performance test. Compressor performance test. Water heater performance test. Product performance test. Product performance test. Minimum load. Product quality inspection or inspection. Marking, packaging, transportation and storage. Technical requirements. 3.4.1. 4.4.3.3, 4.4.3.5. 6, 4.3.7.4.3.5. 6.4.7.5
The pressure wave group should have a full plate indicating the following: a.
Product name;
Product model and specifications;
Maximum rotation/min;
High temperature, center:
Net weight.kg
Factory date
Product number:
Manufacturer name, national standard name and related inspection marks. For products shipped, the nameplate content should be in foreign language. 6.2 Packing box mark:
Product classification graphic mark;
Supply number:
List name, specifications!
（）kg
Shipment! Year and month:
Manufacturer name
Volume (length×width×height), tm
Place of shipment and unit;
Place of receipt Unit:
Number of shipped pieces
CB/T 13410—92
, upper and lower directions and case positions, and marked with words and marks such as "prohibited", "handle with care", "avoid mixing" and "from now on". 63 The turbocharger must be packed before transportation, the body must be sealed, the internal parts can be fixed, to prevent damage, and anti-moisture and waterproof measures should be taken during the turbocharger.
6.4 The turbocharger should be stored in a ventilated and dry place. The oil seal validity period is stipulated to be half a year from the factory. If the oil seal expires, the user is allowed to re-seal it according to the manufacturer's oil technical conditions. A1 Test bench overview A1:
GB/T1341092
Appendix A
Test bench perimeter, measuring point arrangement, sheath geometric shape and dimensions (supplementary parts)
Environmental standard City sea pipe quality
Export actual store
Output 1 Five measuring points
Ticket silver system point arrangement with quantity
Entry temperature measuring points
Medical A1 test bench supply medical
2 Some points in the market are shown in Figure A2.
GB/T13410—92
State change
Benefit point
Matter quantity
Export wine measurement point
Export measurement point
Retreat mountain guard surrounding deputy point
Wenmeng speed reduction
Land construction management
Standard matter energy quantity
Figure A2 Measurement point arrangement
43 Protection Beijing work appearance see Figure A3
4 Protection Table A1.
GB/T 13410-—92
Figure A3 Set geometry
Thermoelectric camera
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