Some standard content:
GB17017—1997
There are two main types of endemic fluorosis in my country: drinking water pollution and coal burning pollution. The main preventive measures for the former are to change the water source by digging deep wells, diverting river water, etc., while the latter is mainly to improve stoves to reduce fluoride intake. Decades of research and prevention practices in my country have proved that as long as the correct preventive measures are taken and persisted, the endemic areas can be controlled. This standard is proposed for the assessment of the two types of endemic areas that have reached the control level after taking preventive measures. This standard stipulates the control indicators, as well as the calculation of total fluoride intake, fluoride test methods, diagnosis of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis and appendices. There is no similar standard abroad. This standard is proposed based on domestic research reports and on-site investigation results of researchers. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are both appendices to the standard. This standard will be implemented from October 1, 1998. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The drafting units of this standard are China Medical University, Fluorosis Institute of China Endemic Disease Prevention and Control Research Center, Chifeng City Health and Epidemic Prevention Station, Hebei Province Endemic Disease Prevention and Control Research Institute, and Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Health and Epidemic Prevention Station of Hubei Province. The main drafters of this standard are Dai Guojun, Teng Guoxing, Gao Hongxin, Yang Shiming, Zhai Cheng, Zhang Zhiyu and Sai Zengshan. The Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, the technical management unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health, is responsible for the interpretation of this standard. 484
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Control standard for endemic fluorosis area
Control standard for endemic fluorosis areaGB 17017-1997
This standard specifies the indicators for the control level achieved by endemic fluorosis areas after taking preventive measures. This standard is applicable to drinking water type and coal-fired pollution type endemic fluorosis areas in natural villages (towns), and also to drinking water type endemic fluorosis areas in towns supplied by the same water supply system. Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were all valid. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB5750-85 Standard test method for drinking water GB/T5009.18-1996 Method for determination of fluoride in food GB/T15434-1995 Determination of mass concentration of fluoride in ambient air Filter membrane·fluoride ion selective electrode method GB16396-1996 Clinical classification diagnosis of endemic skeletal fluorosis WS/T87-1996 Hygienic standard for total fluoride intake of the population 3 Control standards
3.1 Indications of the condition
The condition of endemic fluorosis must meet the following indicators. 3.1.1 The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old born and raised locally is less than 30%. 3.1.2 The symptoms of patients with skeletal fluorosis are significantly alleviated, bone and joint function is improved, and X-ray signs are reversed. 3.1.3 There are no new cases of skeletal fluorosis.
3.2 Environmental standards
The total fluoride intake of the population meets the following standards (WS/T87-1996) 8~～15 years old:
2.0～2.4mg/(person·day)
>15 years old:
3.0～3.5mg/(person-day)
The disease index is the decisive index for the control of the ward, and the total fluoride intake of the population is the prerequisite for the control of the ward. 4 Inspection methods for control standards
4. 1 For the diagnosis of dental fluorosis, see Appendix A (Standard Appendix). 4.2 For the clinical classification of endemic skeletal fluorosis, see GB16396. 4.3 For the investigation and calculation of the total fluoride intake of the population, see WS/T87. 4.4 For the inspection of fluoride content in drinking water, see GB5750.
4.5 For sampling and determination of fluoride content in air, see GB/T15434. 4.6
For fluoride content in grains and vegetables, see GB/T5009.18 and Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on October 6, 1997 and implemented on October 1, 1998
GB17017-—1997
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Diagnosis of dental fluorosis
A1 The examination of dental fluorosis should be carried out under good natural light, and the use of lights should be avoided. When there are many foreign objects or pigments attached to the tooth surface, appropriate measures should be taken to remove them and expose the enamel surface to be observed as much as possible. A2 The enamel surface is smooth and shiny, usually light milky white, which is normal. The enamel is translucent or has slight changes, ranging from a few white spots to occasional white spots. It cannot be diagnosed clinically, but it is not completely normal.
A3 If one or more of the following manifestations are present, dental fluorosis can be diagnosed: Chalkiness: Part or all of the tooth enamel surface loses its luster, and opaque chalky or rough chalk-like stripes, spots, plaques appear, or the entire tooth surface changes to white marble. Staining: Points and flakes of light yellow-brown, yellow-brown, and dark brown lesions appear on the tooth surface. In severe cases, the staining is star-yellow and black, and cannot be scraped off. Enamel defect: The enamel is destroyed and falls off, and the tooth surface is dotted or even map-like pits, shallow honeycomb, and the depth is limited to the enamel layer. Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Diffusion-fluoride ion selective electrode method
B1 Reagentsbzxz.net
B1.1 Fluoride standard solution
B1.1.1 Sodium fluoride standard stock solution
Weigh 0.2210g of sodium fluoride that has been dried at 105℃ for 4h in a beaker, dissolve it in deionized water, transfer it to a 1000mL volumetric flask and dilute it to the mark, mix it well and place it in a polyethylene bottle for later use. This standard solution contains 100.0μg of fluoride per milliliter. B1.1.2 Sodium fluoride standard working solution
Accurately pipette 50.00mL of sodium fluoride standard stock solution into a 100.00mL volumetric flask, dilute it to the mark with deionized water, mix it well and set it aside. This standard solution contains 50.00μg of fluoride per liter. B1.2 Total ionic strength buffer
B1.2.1 Total ionic strength buffer 1
, weigh 58g sodium chloride and 3.84g trisodium citrate (Na:CH0,·5H,O), measure 57mL glacial acetic acid and dissolve in 700mL deionized water, adjust the pH value to 5.0~~5.5 with 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, and make up to 1000.00mL with deionized water. B1.2.2 Total ionic strength buffer I
Take one part of total ionic strength buffer I and add two parts of deionized water (1:2) to make total ionic strength buffer II, and set aside. B1. 32% silver sulfate-sulfuric acid solution
Weigh 2g of silver sulfate and dissolve it in 100mL of 3:1 (concentrated sulfuric acid: water) sulfuric acid. B1.4 0.25 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution
Weigh 1g of sodium hydroxide, add 25.00mL of deionized water to dissolve, and then add 75mL of anhydrous ethanol (if more sodium hydroxide precipitates out of the bottle mouth, re-mix it).
B2 Analysis steps
B2.1 Preparation of samples
B2.1.1 Preparation of grain samples
Take grain samples, remove impurities, take 100g of edible part, rinse with tap water, rinse with distilled water three times, rinse with deionized water three times, bake at 80-100.℃, crush, sieve through 60 mesh, put in a polyethylene plastic bottle, bake in a constant temperature box at 80-100℃ to nearly constant weight, and store in a desiccator for use.
B2.1.2 Preparation of vegetable samples
Take the edible part of the vegetable sample, wash it with tap water, rinse it three times with distilled water, rinse it once with deionized water, chop it and mix it evenly, take 200g, dry it at 80-100℃, crush it, sieve it through 60 mesh, put it in a polyethylene plastic bottle, dry it in a constant temperature box at 80-100℃ until it is almost constant weight, and store it in a desiccator for later use.
B2.2 Preparation of standard curve
B2.2.1 Preparation method of standard curve I
Add 0.1mL of 0.25mol/L sodium hydroxide ethanol solution to the cover of the diffusion box, spread it evenly, and dry it for later use. Take 5 diffusion boxes, add 0.04, 0.10, 0.200.40, 1.00, 2.00mL of 50μg/mL fluoride ion standard solution (equivalent to 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0μgF-), add deionized water to 4.0mL, then add 4.0mL of 2% silver sulfate-sulfuric acid solution; immediately cover and mix well, put in an incubator at 55℃ for 22h. Remove the box cover, add 10mL of buffer, put in a magnetic stirrer, use an electrode to directly measure the potential value in the diffusion box cover, draw a standard curve, or take the potential value (mV) measured by the fluorine standard series as r, take the logarithm of the fluorine content (μg) of the standard solution as y, enter it into the calculator, calculate the a and b values, and establish the y=α+br equation. B2.2.2 Standard curve preparation method I
Add 0.25 mol/L sodium hydroxide ethanol solution to the diffusion box cover.1mL, spread evenly, dry and set aside. Take 5 diffusion boxes, add 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0, 20.0μL of 50pg/mL fluoride ion standard solution (equivalent to 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0μgF-), add 2.0mL of deionized water, then add 6.0mL of 2% silver sulfate-sulfuric acid solution, tighten the cover immediately to mix, diffuse in a 55℃ incubator for 22h, remove the box cover, add 10.0mL of buffer I and 20.0μL of 25g/mL fluoride ion standard solution, measure the potential value with fluoride ion selective electrode, draw standard curve, and establish y=a+bx equation. B2.3 Sample determination
The preparation of the alkali film on the diffusion box cover is the same as the standard curve. Accurately weigh (0.10~~1.00)g ± 0.0200g of grain sample, put it into a diffusion box, add 4.0mL of deionized water and mix well, and the following steps are the same as the preparation of the standard curve. Check the curve to obtain the fluorine content of the sample solution as C, and then calculate the fluorine content according to formula (B1) or formula (B2) (or use a calculator to directly calculate the fluoride ion content in the sample). Weigh 0.06~~0.12g of vegetable sample in a diffusion box, add 2.0mL of deionized water, mix well, and the following steps are the same as the preparation of the standard curve. Check curve I to obtain the fluorine content of the sample solution C, and subtract the actual measured value Co1 at 0.0 point from C. Standard curve preparation method 1 see formula (B1). Sample fluorine content (mg/kg) =
Standard curve preparation method I see formula (B2).
Fluorine content of sample (mg/kg) =
-Fluorine content in sample test solution, ug;
W—sample weight, g
Co—Fluorine content of fixed volume standard solution added to blank tube, g. B2.4 Standard addition method
(B1)
Take a diffusion box with an alkali film on the cover, add 4.00mL deionized water and 4.00mL diffusion acid, immediately cover and tighten, evenly, place in a 55℃ constant temperature box for diffusion for 22h, remove the box cover and add 10mL buffer I, then use a microinjector to add 100uμg/ml. 5μL of standard solution, and use an electrode to measure the potential value E, (mV). The fluorine concentration of this liquid is Co2=0.05μg/mL (0.5μg). The diffusion process of sample determination is the same as the standard curve method. After adding 10mL of buffer I to the lid, inject 5μL of 100μg/mL standard fluorine solution with a microinjector, and measure the potential value E2. Calculation:
E, — E2
（B3）
GB 170171997
Fluorine content of sample (mg/kg):
Wherein: C,—fluorine concentration of sample determination liquid, μg/mL, fluorine concentration of standard solution added to Co2 blank tube, ug/mL, S——actual electrode slope,
W sample weight, g,
V-—total volume of sample determination liquid, mL.
B2.5 Standard addition curve method
（B4)
The determination process is the same as the standard addition method, except that the E, value is input (or checked) into the standard curve of the standard curve method. In addition, the E2 value obtained by the sample measurement is also input into the standard curve to obtain the measured micrograms of fluorine. Then, the micrograms obtained by subtracting the micrograms obtained by E2 from the micrograms obtained by E3 is the actual fluorine content (micrograms) of the sample.
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