Some standard content:
ICS07.040
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T18314--2001
Specifications for global
positioningsystem(GpS)surveys2001-03-05Published
Implementation on 2001-09-01
Published by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision
GB/T18314—2001
Referenced Standards
Coordinate System and Time System
Accuracy Classification
Technical Design of the Network
Observation·
Field Results Recording
Data Processing
Results Acceptance and Submission of Materials
Appendix A (Appendix to the Standard)
Explanation on Geodetic Coordinate System| |tt||Appendix B (Standard Appendix)
Appendix C (Standard Appendix)
Appendix D (Standard Appendix)
Appendix E (Standard Appendix)
Appendix F (Suggestive Appendix)
Data on site selection and stone burial and their description
Main technical requirements for meteorological instruments
Measurement notebook records and related requirements
Synchronous observation ring check
Determination and calculation of centripetal elements
GB/T18314—2001
This standard is formulated based on the global positioning system (GPS) measurement technology that is currently used or will be used in my country in a certain period of time in the future.
The content involves GPS static positioning measurement and GPS fast static positioning measurement. When conditions are ripe, the content of other GPS measurement modes will be included.
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D and Appendix E of this standard are standard appendices. Appendix F of this standard is a suggestive appendix.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. This standard is drafted by the Surveying and Mapping Standardization Institute of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Zhongliang and Zhu Dacheng. This standard is interpreted by the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specifications for global
positioning system (GPS) surveysGB/T18314—2001
This standard specifies the principles, classification and operation methods for establishing a survey control network (referred to as (GPS) control network) using the global positioning system (GPS) according to the principles of static and rapid static positioning. This standard applies to the design, layout and data processing of national and local GPS control networks. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB12897—1991 National first and second class leveling measurement specifications GB12898—1991 National third and fourth class leveling measurement specifications GB/T17942—2000 National triangulation measurement specifications CH10021995 Surveying and mapping product inspection and acceptance regulations CH1003--1995 Surveying and mapping product quality Evaluation standard CH/T1004—1999 Design regulations for surveying and mapping technology CH8016-1995 Calibration procedures for global positioning system (GPS) surveying receivers 3 Terminology
3.1 Observation period observationsession The time interval of continuous observation from the start of receiving satellite signals to the stop of receiving at the measuring station is called the observation period, or simply the period. 3.2 Synchronous observation simultaneous observation The observation of the same group of satellites by two or more receivers at the same time. 3.3 Synchronous observation loop simultaneous observation loop The closed loop formed by the baseline vectors obtained by synchronous observation of three or more receivers. 3.4 Independent observation loop independent observation loop The closed loop formed by the baseline vectors obtained by asynchronous observation. 3.5 Data rejection rate percentage of datarejectionThe ratio of the number of observations deleted to the total number of observations obtained in the same period. 3.6Antenna height
The height from the phase center of the receiver antenna to the center mark of the station during observation. 3.7Reference stationReference station
During a certain observation time, one or several receivers are fixed on one or several stations respectively, and they keep tracking the observation satellites. The other receivers are set up in a certain range of these stations. These fixed stations are called reference stations. Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on March 5, 2001 and implemented on September 1, 2001
3.8Roving station
GB/T18314—2001
A station set up by receivers that move in a certain range of the reference station. 3.9Observation unitobservationunit
During rapid static positioning measurement, the time period of continuous observation from the start to the stop of receiving satellite signals at the reference station. 3.10 World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) WorldGeodeticSystem1984 is a geocentric coordinate system established by the U.S. Department of Defense based on the precise ephemeris NSWC-9Z-2 corresponding to WGS72, using the 1980 geodetic reference number and BIH1984.0 system orientation. 3.11 International Terrestrial Reference Frame ITRFYY, InternationalTerrestrialReferenceFrame is a terrestrial reference system and geocentric (earth) coordinate system recommended by the International Earth Rotation Service, based on the International Reference Sub-Year Surface and the International Reference Pole as orientation references and the IERSYY astronomical constant. 3.12 GPS static positioning measurement staticGPSpositioning is a GPS positioning measurement that determines the relative positions between stations by performing synchronous observations at multiple stations for several periods of time. 3.13 GPS rapid static positioning measurement rapidstaticGPSpositioning is a GPS static positioning measurement performed using the principle of rapid integer ambiguity resolution algorithm. 3.14 Permanent tracking station permanenttrackingstation is a permanent ground observation station that continuously tracks and receives satellite signals for a long time. 3.15 Single baseline solution In the synchronous observation of multiple GPS receivers, the GPS observation data of two receivers are selected each time to solve the corresponding baseline vector. 3.16 Multi-baseline solution From the synchronous observation values of m (m ≥ 3) GPS receivers, the observation equation is composed of m-1 independent baselines, and m-1 baseline vectors are uniformly solved.
4 Coordinate system and time system
4.1 Coordinate system
4.1.1 When GPS measurement adopts broadcast ephemeris, its corresponding coordinate system is the world geodetic coordinate system WGS84. The basic parameters of the earth ellipsoid and the main geometric and physical constants of this coordinate system are shown in Appendix A (Standard Appendix). When GPS measurement adopts precise ephemeris, its coordinate system is the international terrestrial reference frame ITRFYY of the corresponding epoch. When converted to geodetic coordinates, the basic parameters of the earth ellipsoid and the main geometric and physical constants of WGS84 can be used. 4.1.2 When the 1980 Xi'an coordinate system or other reference coordinate systems are required, the coordinates of these coordinate systems can be obtained by coordinate conversion and other methods.
When the 1985 National Height Datum or other elevation system elevations are required, the elevations of these elevation systems can be obtained by elevation fitting, geoid refinement and other methods.
The basic parameters of the reference spheres of the 1980 Xi'an coordinate system and the 1954 Beijing coordinate system as well as the main geometric and physical constants are shown in Appendix A (Standard Appendix).
4.2 Time system
GPS measurement uses the GPS time system, and the handbook records should use the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). 5 Accuracy classification
5.1GPS measurements are divided into AA, A, B, C, D, and E grades according to their accuracy. GPS fast static positioning measurement can be used for the layout of C, D, and E grade GPS control networks. 5.2 Purpose of GPS measurement at various levels:
AA level is mainly used for global geodynamic research, crust deformation measurement and precise orbit determination; A level is mainly used for regional geodynamic research and crust deformation measurement; 2
GB/T18314--2001
B level is mainly used for local deformation monitoring and various precision engineering measurements; C level is mainly used for the basic control network of large and medium-sized cities and engineering measurements; D and E levels are mainly used for control measurements of medium and small cities, towns and mapping, cadastral, land information, real estate, geophysical exploration, surveying, construction, etc.
AA and A levels can be used as the basis for establishing a geocentric reference frame. AA, A and B levels can be used as the basis for establishing a national space geodetic control network. 5.3 The baseline length accuracy between adjacent points of GPS networks at various levels is expressed by the following formula and implemented according to the provisions of Table 1. =a+(6.d.10-6)2
Where:. Standard deviation, mm
Fixed error, mm
-Proportional error coefficient;
-Distance between adjacent points, mm.
Table 1 Accuracy classification
Fixed error a, mm
Proportional error coefficient
5.4 The accuracy of GPS measurement of geodetic height difference, fixed error α and proportional error coefficient b can be relaxed by 1 times according to Table 1. 5.5 The point position accuracy of AA and A-level stations in the ITRFYY geocentric reference frame after adjustment and the accuracy of the annual change rate of the baseline length between adjacent stations calculated after multiple observations of continuous observation stations shall be implemented according to the provisions of Table 2. Table 2 Accuracy of point position and annual rate of change of baseline length Accuracy level
6 Technical design of the network
Accuracy of geocentric coordinates of point position, m
6.1 Basic requirements for technical design
Accuracy of annual rate of change of baseline length, mm/year
Technical design should be carried out before GPS network is laid out to obtain the best layout plan. The format, content requirements and approval procedures of the technical design book shall be carried out in accordance with CH/T1004.
6.2 Preparation for technical design
6.2.1 According to the needs of the task, collect the existing national triangulation network, traverse points, astronomical gravity leveling points, leveling points, very long baseline interferometric measurement stations, satellite laser ranging stations, observatories and existing GPS station data within the survey area, including point records, network maps, results tables, technical summaries, etc. 6.2.2 Collect relevant topographic maps, traffic maps, and data on the overall construction plan and recent development of the survey area within the survey area. If the task requires, relevant earthquake and geological data should also be collected. 6.2.3 Before technical design, the above data should be analyzed and studied, and field surveys should be conducted when necessary, and then the design should be carried out on the map. 6.3 Principles of technical design
6.3.1 The location, name, number and level of the newly designed GPS points should be marked on the design map, and the relevant various measurement sites, leveling routes and major traffic routes, water systems and residential areas should also be marked. 6.3.2 Principles of GPS network layout
6.3.2.1 The layout of the GPS network should be based on its purpose, required accuracy, satellite conditions, receiver types and quantity, existing data in the survey area, terrain and traffic conditions in the survey area, and operational efficiency, and should be carried out in accordance with the principle of optimal design. 6.3.2.2 AA, A, and B-level GPS networks should be laid out as continuous networks. Except for edge points, the number of connection points for each point should be no less than 3 points. C, D, and E-level GPS networks can be laid out in polygons or in accordance with routes. 6.3.2.3 In the GPS networks of level A and below, the number of edges of the simplest independent closed loop or attached route shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. Table 3 Provisions for the number of edges of the simplest independent closed loop or attached route Level
Number of edges of closed loop or attached route
6.3.2.4 The average distance between adjacent points of each level of GPS network shall comply with the requirements of Table 4. The minimum distance between adjacent points can be 1/3 to 1/2 of the average distance; the maximum distance can be 2 to 3 times the average distance. Table 4 Average distance between adjacent points in GPS network Level
Average distance
6.3.2.5 GPS network points of level AA, A and B shall be measured in conjunction with GPS permanent tracking stations; the number of stations measured in conjunction shall not be less than 4 for level AA, 3 for level A and 2 for level B. 6.3.2.6 GPS networks of level A and B shall try to be measured in conjunction with the surrounding GPS crust deformation monitoring network and basic tide gauge stations. 6.3.2.7AA, A, B-level GPS network points should be juxtaposed or overlapped with triangulation points, traverse points and first and second-level leveling points that have participated in the overall adjustment of the national astronomical geodetic network.
6.3.2.8 The newly laid GPS network should be measured with the existing national high-level GPS points nearby, and the number of points measured should not be less than 2. 6.3.2.9 For the B-level GPS network, the distance between points should not exceed 100km in areas with drastic changes in elevation anomalies. In crustal fault zones or areas with frequent earthquakes, the distance between points should be appropriately shortened. 6.3.2.10 The side length of the A and B-level GPS networks between the continent, islands and reefs can be adjusted according to actual conditions. The number of connected points between important islands, reefs and the continent should not be less than 3. 6.3.2.11 In order to determine the coordinates of a GPS point in a certain reference coordinate system, it should be measured with the original control points in the reference coordinate system, and the total number of points measured should not be less than 3.
In areas where conventional surveying methods are required to encrypt the control network, C, D, and E-level GPS network points should have 1-2 directions of sight. 6.3.2.12 In order to obtain the normal height of the GPS network points, the elevation joint measurement should be appropriately carried out as needed. The AA and A-level networks should be joint measured point by point, the B-level network should be joint measured at least every 2-3 points, and the C-level network should be joint measured every 3-6 points. The number of joint measurement points for the D and E-level networks can be determined according to the specific situation.
6.3.2.13 The joint measurement of the elevation of AA and A-level GPS points should be carried out according to the second-class leveling method of GB12897; the joint measurement of the elevation of B-level GPS points should be carried out according to the third-class leveling method of GB12898 or a method with equivalent accuracy: the joint measurement of the elevation of C, D, and E-level GPS points should be carried out according to the fourth-class leveling method of GB12898 or a method with equivalent accuracy. 6.3.2.14 The layout of the GPS rapid static positioning network, in addition to meeting the above-mentioned relevant regulations, shall also meet the following requirements: a) The number of overlapping points of mobile stations between two observation units in adjacent areas: CD level should not be less than 2 points, and E level should not be less than 1 point; b) When the distance between adjacent points is greater than 20km, the GPS static positioning method should be used for measurement; c) When the distance between adjacent points in the network is less than the minimum distance between adjacent points required by this level, the two adjacent points must be directly observed synchronously
d) For the dual reference station operation mode, the benchmark baselines of different observation units should be interconnected to form the skeleton of the entire network; e) D and E level GPS networks can adopt the single reference station operation mode, and some mobile measurement stations of adjacent observation units must be subjected to secondary station observation.
6.4 Materials to be submitted after technical design:
a) Field survey technical summary:
GB/T18314—2001
b) Survey task book and professional design book (with technical design drawings). 7 Site selection
7.1 Site selection preparation
7.1.1 Before selecting sites on the spot, site selection personnel should collect information about network deployment tasks and survey areas, including 1:50000 or larger scale topographic maps of the survey area, existing information on various control points, satellite tracking stations, etc. 7.1.2 Site selection personnel should fully understand and study the conditions of the survey area, especially transportation, communications, power supply, meteorology and large locations. 7.2 Basic requirements for point locations
a) The surrounding area should be convenient for placement of receiving equipment and operation, with a wide field of view, and the elevation angle of obstacles in the field of view should not exceed 15%b) Stay away from high-power radio transmission sources (such as TV stations, radio stations, microwave stations, etc.), with a distance of not less than 200m; stay away from high-voltage transmission lines and microwave radio signal transmission channels, with a distance of not less than 50m; c) There should be no objects that strongly reflect satellite signals nearby (such as large buildings, etc.); d) Convenient transportation and conducive to the expansion and joint measurement of other measurement methods; e) The ground foundation is stable and easy to preserve the points; f) AA, A, and B-level GPS points should be selected at locations that can be preserved for a long time; g) Make full use of old control points that meet the requirements; h) When selecting a station, the microenvironment (topography, landform, vegetation, etc.) near the measuring station should be kept consistent with the surrounding macroenvironment as much as possible to reduce the representative error of meteorological elements.
7.3 Auxiliary points and azimuth points
7.3.1 One to three auxiliary points should be buried near the non-bedrock AA and A-level GPS points, and the distance and height difference between them and the GPS points should be measured, with an accuracy of better than ±5mm.
7.3.2 GPS points can be set up with azimuth points that are in sight of them as needed. The points should be obvious and easy to observe, and the distance from the GPS points should generally be no less than 300m.
7.4 Point selection
7.4.1 The point selection personnel should conduct field surveys in accordance with the technical design and conduct field surveys in accordance with 7.2. It is required to select the point and calibrate it on the spot. 7.4.2. When using old points, the stability, reliability and integrity of the old points should be checked. They can only be used if they meet the requirements. 7.4.3. Point names should be taken from the names of residents. C, D and E level GPS point names can also be taken from the names of mountains, places and units. They should be determined after investigation with local government departments or the masses. In ethnic minority areas, accurate transliterated Chinese names should be used, and the original text can be attached after the transliteration. When the new and old points overlap, the original old point names should be used and shall not be changed. If it is necessary to change, the old point names should be attached in brackets after the new point names. If it overlaps with the leveling point, the leveling point grade and number should be attached in brackets after the new point names. When there are identical points in the same network area, (I) and (II) should be attached after the point names to distinguish them. Point names are written in Chinese characters, and the simplified characters announced by the State Council shall prevail. Point number arrangement should be convenient for computer management.
7.4.4 For GPS points that require leveling joint survey, the leveling route should be surveyed on site, and the leveling points for joint survey should be selected and a joint survey route map should be drawn. 7.4.5 Regardless of whether the points are newly selected or old points (including auxiliary points and azimuth points) are used, point records should be drawn on site in the form of Appendix B. The content is required to be recorded in detail on site and shall not be recorded retrospectively. 7.4.6 For AA and A-level GPS points, the geological overview, structural background and topographic and geological structure sketches should be filled in the point records. 7.4.7 When there are obstacles higher than 10° around the point, a ring diagram of the point should be drawn. Its form is shown in Appendix B. 7.4.8 After the point selection of a network area is completed, a GPS network point selection map should be drawn. Its form is shown in Appendix B. 7.5 Materials to be submitted after the site selection is completed
a) Dowell paper point record filled in black ink, ring map, b) GPS network site selection map (when the survey area is small, the site selection, stone burial and observation are completed in the first phase, the site map can be used instead): c) Site selection work summary.
8 Marble
8.1 Marking stone type
GB/T18314—2001
8.1.1 The types of GPS point marking stones and their applicable levels shall be implemented in accordance with Table 5. Table 5 GPS point marker type
Stone type
a. Bedrock antenna pier
b, rock layer antenna tender
c: Bedrock marker
d. Rock layer ordinary marker
e, soil layer antenna tender
f. Ordinary basic marker
g. Old soil basic marker
h. Fixed sand dune basic marker
1. Ordinary marker
Small, marker on building
Temporary engineering network points below level C can be buried with simple signs. Applicable level
AA, A
AA, A
8.1.2 Various types of markers should be equipped with center marks. The center marks of bedrock and basic markers should be made of copper or stainless steel. The center marks of ordinary markers can be made of iron or hard composite materials. The center of the mark should be engraved with a clear and fine crosshair or a center point with a diameter of less than 0.5mm made of different colored metals (stainless steel or copper). The surface of the mark should also be marked with \GPS\ and the name of the surveying unit. 8.1.3 For the specifications of various markers, see Appendix B. 8.1.4 Various antenna piers must be equipped with a forced centering device. 8.2 Stone burial operation
8.2.1 The markers of GPS points at all levels should be cast in concrete. In areas with conditions, they can also be chiseled from whole pieces of hard stones such as granite and bluestone, but their specifications should not be less than the regulations for similar markers. 8.2.2 When burying antenna piers, bedrock markers, and basic markers, concrete should be poured on site. Ordinary markers can be made in advance and then transported to various points for arrangement.
8.2.3 When burying markers, the centers of each layer of markers must be strictly on the same plumb line, and the deviation must not exceed 2mm. The centering accuracy of the forced centering device must not exceed 1mm.
8.2.4 When using an old point, you should first confirm that the marker stone is intact, meets the requirements for the same level of GPS point stone burial, and can be preserved for a long time. If necessary, you need to dig up the side of the marker stone to check the condition of the marker stone. If the marker stone is damaged, you can use the lower marker stone as the reference and rebury the upper marker stone. 8.2.5 Ordinary marker stones should be buried at the compass point and properly marked to distinguish it from the GPS point. 8.2.6 The land occupied by the GPS point stone burial stone should be approved by the land user or management department and the relevant procedures should be handled. When burying a new marker stone, you should apply for a survey mark entrustment and custody book in triplicate, and hand it over to the unit or individual who keeps the marker stone, and one copy each for submission and filing. When using an old point, you need to verify the entrustment and custody book. If the entrustment and custody situation is not implemented, you should apply for it again. 8.2.7 After the AA, A and B level point marker stones are buried, at least one rainy season must pass, at least one freeze-thaw period must pass in frozen areas, and at least one month must pass for bedrock or rock layer marker stones before they can be used for observation. 8.3 External finishing of marker stones
8.3.1 When pouring concrete marker stones of various GPS points, the class of GPS points, the year of burial and the words "Do not move national facilities" should be printed on the base.
8.3.2 After the B-level GPS point marker stone is buried, a concrete square well or round well protection frame needs to be built around it. The inner diameter depends on the situation, but it should be at least not less than 0.6m and 0.2m high.
8.3.3 GPS points that are difficult to find in deserts or plains also need to be buried near them. The specifications refer to GB12898.6
8.4 Materials submitted after stone burial
a) Record of GPS points with stone burial conditions filled in; GB/T183142001
b) Land occupation approval documents and survey mark entrustment and custody book; c) Summary of stone burial work.
9 Instruments
9.1 Receiver selection
The selection of GPS receivers shall be carried out according to the provisions of Table 6 as needed. 9.2 Receiving equipment inspection
9.2.1 Newly purchased GPS receivers shall be fully inspected before use. 9.2.2 The comprehensive inspection of GPS receivers includes: general inspection, power-on inspection, and test inspection. 9.2.2.1—General inspection shall comply with the following provisions: a) The appearance of the GPS receiver and antenna shall be good and the model shall be correct; b) Various components and their accessories shall be matched, complete and intact; c) Components that need to be tightened shall not be loose or fall off; d) The equipment manual, post-processing software operation manual and magnetic (optical) disk shall be complete. Table 6 Receiver selection
Single frequency/dual frequency
Observation quantity includes at least
Number of synchronous observation receivers
Dual frequency/full wavelength
L1.L2 carrier phase
9.2-2.2 The power-on inspection shall comply with the following provisions: a) The relevant signal lights shall work normally;
b) The buttons and display system shall work normally; c) Use the self-test command to test;
Dual frequency/full wavelength
L1, L2 carrier phase
L1, L2 carrier phase
Dual frequency or single frequency
L1 carrier phase
d) Check how fast the receiver locks onto the satellite, the strength of the received signal and the signal loss situation. 9.2.2.3 Before the test, the following tests shall be conducted: a) Whether the circular level and optical plummet of the antenna or base are correct b) Whether the height scale of the antenna is intact and the length accuracy is correct c) Whether the data transmission equipment and software are complete and the data transmission performance is intact d) Test and evaluate the data post-processing software through example calculations. D, E
Dual frequency or single frequency
L1 carrier phase
9.2.3After the general inspection and power-on inspection of GPS receiving equipment are completed, the following tests shall be conducted on standard baselines of different lengths (baselines of different lengths specified in 6.3.2.4): a) Receiver internal noise level test b) Receiver antenna phase center stability test c) Receiver field operation performance and different range accuracy index test d) Receiver frequency standard stability test and data quality evaluation e) Receiver high and low temperature performance test f) Receiver comprehensive performance evaluation, etc.
9.2.4 For the methods and technical requirements for testing and inspection of GPS receivers, see CH8016. 9.2.5 GPS receiving equipment should be inspected regularly every year: 9.2.2.1, 9.2.2.2, 9.2.2.3. 9.2.6 When different types of receivers participate in joint operations, they should be compared and tested on the baseline with known height difference. They shall not be used when the corresponding level difference exceeds 7
.
GB/T18314-2001
9.2.7 After the GPS receiver or antenna is subjected to a strong impact, or after the receiver components are updated, or after the matching relationship between the antenna and the receiver is updated, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out as a newly purchased instrument.
9.2.8 The circular level bubble and optical plummet of the antenna or base should be calibrated at least once a month during operation. 9.3 Maintenance of receiving equipment
9.3.1. GPS receivers and other instruments should be kept by designated personnel. Regardless of the mode of transportation, they must be escorted by designated personnel and anti-vibration measures should be taken. They must not be collided, inverted or pressed. Floppy disk drives should be inserted with protective sheets or waste disks during transportation. 9.3.2. During the operation, technical regulations and operating requirements must be strictly observed. Operators must be trained and qualified before they can operate. Non-operating personnel are not allowed to operate the instruments without permission. 9.3.3. The receiving instruments should be shockproof, moisture-proof, sun-proof, dust-proof, corrosion-proof and radiation-proof. The heads of floppy disk drives or tape drives should be cleaned regularly with cleaning disks and special cleaning agents. Cables should not be twisted, dragged or smashed on the ground. The joints and connectors should be kept clean at all times. 9.3.4. After the operation, the water vapor and dust on the receiver should be wiped clean in time and stored in the instrument box in time. The instrument box should be placed in a ventilated, dry and cool place. When the desiccant in the box turns pink, it should be replaced in time. 9.3.5 When the instrument is handed over, it should be inspected according to the general inspection items specified in 9.2.2.1, and the handover record should be filled in. 9.3.6 Before the receiver is connected to the external power supply, the voltage should be checked to see if it is normal, and the positive and negative poles of the battery should not be connected in reverse. 9.3.7 When the antenna is placed on the roof, high-level mark or the end of other facilities, reinforcement measures should be taken. Lightning protection facilities should be provided or observation should be stopped during thunderstorms.
9.3.8 When the receiver is stored indoors, the room should be ventilated regularly, and it should be powered on and checked every 1 to 2 months. The battery in the receiver should be kept fully charged, and the external battery should be charged and discharged on time according to the battery requirements. 9.3.9 It is strictly forbidden to disassemble the various components of the receiver, and the antenna cable must not be cut, modified, changed or extended without authorization. If a malfunction occurs, it should be carefully recorded and reported to the relevant departments, and professional personnel should be invited to repair it. 9.4 Inspection of auxiliary equipment
The ventilation psychrometer and empty box barometer used in GPS positioning measurement should be sent to the metrology verification department for inspection regularly and used within the validity period. 10 Observation
10.1 Division of observation area
10.1.1 The size of the observation area for the layout of AA, A, and B-level networks can be divided into different areas for observation. When divided into different areas, there should be at least 4 common points between adjacent areas.
10.1.2 The number of receivers participating in the observation in any synchronous observation sub-area or observation unit sub-area should comply with the provisions of the third item of Table 6. 10.2 Observation plan
The operation dispatcher shall prepare an observation plan based on the terrain and traffic conditions of the measurement area, the shortest observation time of the baseline designed by the adopted GPS operation method (static or fast static positioning measurement), and other factors, and issue the operation dispatch order of the corresponding stage to the operation group according to the plan. At the same time, make necessary adjustments in time according to the actual progress of the operation. 10.3 Basic technical regulations
10.3.1 The basic technical regulations for GPS measurements at all levels shall comply with the requirements of Table 7. Table 7 Basic technical requirements for GPS measurements at all levels Regulations Level
Satellite cut-off elevation angle (\)
Number of effective satellites observed simultaneously
Total number of effective satellites observed
Number of observation periods
Period length
Sampling interval
Effective observation time for any observation in a period min
Dual frequency + P(Y) code
Dual frequency full wave
Single frequency or dual frequency half wave
Fast static
Dual frequency + P(Y) code
Dual frequency full Wave
Single frequency or dual frequency half wave
GB/T18314—2001
Table 7 (end)
≥540
≥240
Satellites whose observation time in the period meets the requirements of the seventh item in Table 7 are valid observation satellites;1
2When calculating the total number of valid observation satellites, the number of valid observation satellites in each period should be deducted from the number of duplicate satellites in between;3The length of the observation period should be the time period from the start of data recording to the end of data recording;4The number of observation periods ≥1.6 means that each station observes one period, and at least 60% of the stations observe another period. p
10.3.2The distribution of AAA and B-level observation periods should be as even as possible during the day and night, and the proportion of night observation periods should not be less than 25%. Night observation starts from 1 hour after sunset and ends at sunrise (based on the westernmost point of the synchronization ring). 10.3.3AA, A, B level measurements must simultaneously observe and record various meteorological elements and weather conditions. C, D and E level measurements do not need to observe meteorological elements, but only record weather conditions.
10.3.4 During GPS static positioning measurements, the observation data file name should contain information such as the station name or station number, observation unit, station type (reference station or mobile station), date, time period number, etc. The specific naming method depends on the GPS static positioning software used. 10.3.5 AA, A, B level GPS measurements should not be performed during lightning and storm weather. 10.4 Observation preparation
10.4.1 The GPS receiver should be preheated and left to stand before starting observation. The specific requirements are in accordance with the receiver operation manual. 10.4.2 The placement of the antenna should meet the following requirements: a) When the antenna is placed on a tripod, the centering error should not be greater than 3mm; Class B antennas should not be placed on high marks: b) When the antenna needs to be placed on the target substrate, the top of the mark should be removed first, the center of the mark should be projected onto the substrate, and then the antenna should be placed according to the projection point. The longest side of the projection point error triangle or the long diagonal of the error quadrilateral shall not be greater than 5mm. For the projection method, see GB/T17942. c) When there is a common mark on the GPS point, the standard mark should be put down or other measures should be taken before installing the antenna; d) For GPS measurements of level B and above, the directional mark line should point to the true north. After taking into account the local magnetic declination correction, the directional error should not be greater than ±5°. For receiver antennas with unclear directional marks, a mark can be set in advance and the instrument can be placed according to this mark each time; e) The circular level bubble on the antenna assembly must be centered. For antennas without circular level bubbles, the antenna base foot screw can be adjusted so that the difference in antenna height measured in the 120° direction between the antennas is less than 3mm. 10.5 Requirements for observation operations
10.5.1 The observation team must strictly abide by the dispatch order and perform operations at the specified time. 10.5.2 The receiver power cable and antenna and other connections must be checked to be correct before turning on the machine. 10.5.3 After starting up, self-testing can be carried out and control information such as measuring station, observation unit and time period can be input only after checking that the relevant indicator lights and instrument displays are normal.1 The basic technical requirements for GPS measurements at all levels should comply with the requirements of Table 7. Table 7 Basic technical requirements for GPS measurements at all levels Requirements Level
Satellite cut-off elevation angle (\)
Number of effective satellites observed simultaneously
Total number of effective satellites observed
Number of observation periods
Period length
Sampling interval
Effective observation time for any period
Min
Dual frequency + P(Y) code
Dual frequency full wave
Single frequency or dual frequency half wave
Fast static
Dual frequency + P(Y) code
Dual frequency full Wave
Single frequency or dual frequency half wave
GB/T18314—2001
Table 7 (end)
≥540
≥240
Satellites whose observation time in the period meets the requirements of the seventh item in Table 7 are valid observation satellites;1
2When calculating the total number of valid observation satellites, the number of valid observation satellites in each period should be deducted from the number of duplicate satellites in between;3The length of the observation period should be the time period from the start of data recording to the end of data recording;4The number of observation periods ≥1.6 means that each station observes one period, and at least 60% of the stations observe another period. p
10.3.2The distribution of AAA and B-level observation periods should be as even as possible during the day and night, and the proportion of night observation periods should not be less than 25%. Night observation starts from 1 hour after sunset and ends at sunrise (based on the westernmost point of the synchronization ring). 10.3.3AA, A, B level measurements must simultaneously observe and record various meteorological elements and weather conditions. C, D and E level measurements do not need to observe meteorological elements, but only record weather conditions.
10.3.4 During GPS static positioning measurements, the observation data file name should contain information such as the station name or station number, observation unit, station type (reference station or mobile station), date, time period number, etc. The specific naming method depends on the GPS static positioning software used. 10.3.5 AA, A, B level GPS measurements should not be performed during lightning and storm weather. 10.4 Observation preparationWww.bzxZ.net
10.4.1 The GPS receiver should be preheated and left to stand before starting observation. The specific requirements are in accordance with the receiver operation manual. 10.4.2 The placement of the antenna should meet the following requirements: a) When the antenna is placed on a tripod, the centering error should not be greater than 3mm; Class B antennas should not be placed on high marks: b) When the antenna needs to be placed on the target substrate, the top of the mark should be removed first, the center of the mark should be projected onto the substrate, and then the antenna should be placed according to the projection point. The longest side of the projection point error triangle or the long diagonal of the error quadrilateral shall not be greater than 5mm. For the projection method, see GB/T17942. c) When there is a common mark on the GPS point, the standard mark should be put down or other measures should be taken before installing the antenna; d) For GPS measurements of level B and above, the directional mark line should point to the true north. After taking into account the local magnetic declination correction, the directional error should not be greater than ±5°. For receiver antennas with unclear directional marks, a mark can be set in advance and the instrument can be placed according to this mark each time; e) The circular level bubble on the antenna assembly must be centered. For antennas without circular level bubbles, the antenna base foot screw can be adjusted so that the difference in antenna height measured in the 120° direction between the antennas is less than 3mm. 10.5 Requirements for observation operations
10.5.1 The observation team must strictly abide by the dispatch order and perform operations at the specified time. 10.5.2 The receiver power cable and antenna and other connections must be checked to be correct before turning on the machine. 10.5.3 After starting up, self-testing can be carried out and control information such as measuring station, observation unit and time period can be input only after checking that the relevant indicator lights and instrument displays are normal.1 The basic technical requirements for GPS measurements at all levels should comply with the requirements of Table 7. Table 7 Basic technical requirements for GPS measurements at all levels Requirements Level
Satellite cut-off elevation angle (\)
Number of effective satellites observed simultaneously
Total number of effective satellites observed
Number of observation periods
Period length
Sampling interval
Effective observation time for any period
Min
Dual frequency + P(Y) code
Dual frequency full wave
Single frequency or dual frequency half wave
Fast static
Dual frequency + P(Y) code
Dual frequency full Wave
Single frequency or dual frequency half wave
GB/T18314—2001
Table 7 (end)
≥540
≥240
Satellites whose observation time in the period meets the requirements of the seventh item in Table 7 are valid observation satellites;1
2When calculating the total number of valid observation satellites, the number of valid observation satellites in each period should be deducted from the number of duplicate satellites in between;3The length of the observation period should be the time period from the start of data recording to the end of data recording;4The number of observation periods ≥1.6 means that each station observes one period, and at least 60% of the stations observe another period. p
10.3.2The distribution of AAA and B-level observation periods should be as even as possible during the day and night, and the proportion of night observation periods should not be less than 25%. Night observation starts from 1 hour after sunset and ends at sunrise (based on the westernmost point of the synchronization ring). 10.3.3AA, A, B level measurements must simultaneously observe and record various meteorological elements and weather conditions. C, D and E level measurements do not need to observe meteorological elements, but only record weather conditions.
10.3.4 During GPS static positioning measurements, the observation data file name should contain information such as the station name or station number, observation unit, station type (reference station or mobile station), date, time period number, etc. The specific naming method depends on the GPS static positioning software used. 10.3.5 AA, A, B level GPS measurements should not be performed during lightning and storm weather. 10.4 Observation preparation
10.4.1 The GPS receiver should be preheated and left to stand before starting observation. The specific requirements are in accordance with the receiver operation manual. 10.4.2 The placement of the antenna should meet the following requirements: a) When the antenna is placed on a tripod, the centering error should not be greater than 3mm; Class B antennas should not be placed on high marks: b) When the antenna needs to be placed on the target substrate, the top of the mark should be removed first, the center of the mark should be projected onto the substrate, and then the antenna should be placed according to the projection point. The longest side of the projection point error triangle or the long diagonal of the error quadrilateral shall not be greater than 5mm. For the projection method, see GB/T17942. c) When there is a common mark on the GPS point, the standard mark should be put down or other measures should be taken before installing the antenna; d) For GPS measurements of level B and above, the directional mark line should point to the true north. After taking into account the local magnetic declination correction, the directional error should not be greater than ±5°. For receiver antennas with unclear directional marks, a mark can be set in advance and the instrument can be placed according to this mark each time; e) The circular level bubble on the antenna assembly must be centered. For antennas without circular level bubbles, the antenna base foot screw can be adjusted so that the difference in antenna height measured in the 120° direction between the antennas is less than 3mm. 10.5 Requirements for observation operations
10.5.1 The observation team must strictly abide by the dispatch order and perform operations at the specified time. 10.5.2 The receiver power cable and antenna and other connections must be checked to be correct before turning on the machine. 10.5.3 After starting up, self-testing can be carried out and control information such as measuring station, observation unit and time period can be input only after checking that the relevant indicator lights and instrument displays are normal.
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