Technical guides for evaluating the saving on steel products in enterprises
Some standard content:
GB/T15512-1995
In recent years, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the State Planning Commission have issued documents on resource policies, such as "Interim Regulations on the Management of Saving Raw Materials", "Several Opinions on Strengthening Energy Conservation and Consumption Reduction and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources", and "Opinions on Strengthening the Work of Saving and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources". This standard is the leading national standard for resource conservation (steel), and it is a concrete manifestation of the national resource policy. This standard will be implemented from December 1, 1995. This standard was proposed by the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, and the State Bureau of Technical Supervision. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Energy Basics and Management Standardization Technical Committee. The drafting units of this standard are China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding, Institute of System Analysis of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, General Iron and Steel Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, Tianjin Economic Commission, and Tianjin University. The drafters of this standard are Dai Zijian, Zhang Ruimin, Li Shensheng, Qin Baoting, Huang Jianzhong, Xia Yuexia, Wang Panniu, Li Puyou and Ma Duanguang. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical guides for evaluating the saving on steel products in enterprises
Technical guides for evaluating the saving on steel products in enterprises GB/T 15512—1995
This standard specifies the main principles for the rational use of steel by enterprises and the index system for evaluation. This standard is applicable to enterprises and design units that produce and use steel.
2 Referenced standards
GB 8223—1987
Basic terms and general working procedures of value engineering 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Base period
When calculating the annual average growth rate, it is necessary to compare the development level of two different periods. The period used as the basis for comparison is usually called the base period.
3.2 Calculation period
The calculation period (current period, reporting period) refers to the period that needs to be studied for statistical analysis. 3.3 Annual average growth rate
The annual average growth rate of this standard is calculated using the "horizontal method", which compares the development level of the last year of the interval period with the development level of the energy period to calculate the average annual growth (or decline) rate, called the annual average growth rate. 4 Steel saving index system
4.1 Unit total cost steel consumption
The ratio of steel consumption in the calculation period to the total cost of the product. Calculated according to formula (1): Me =
Where: M. ——Unit total cost steel consumption.t/10,000 yuan; M. Steel consumption in the calculation period, t
C——Total cost of the product in the calculation period, 10,000 yuan. 4.2 Unit total output value steel consumption
The ratio of steel consumption in the calculation period to the total output value. Calculated by formula 2): Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on March 23, 1995 (1)
Implemented on December 1, 1995
Wuhan Science and Technology
GB/T 15512—1995
Steel consumption per unit of total output value, t/10,000 yuan: V Total output value of the calculation period, 10,000 yuan.
4.3 Steel consumption per unit product
The ratio of steel consumption to the total number of products in the calculation period. Calculated by formula (3): M.
Steel consumption per unit product, t/unit product (unit, piece, ton); Where: M.
Q·Total number of products in the calculation period (unit, piece, ton). 4.4
Steel savings
In a certain period, the difference between the steel cost of the base period and the steel cost of the unit total cost of the calculation period, multiplied by the total cost of the products in the calculation period. Calculate by formula (4):
Cr- (Ch --C) XC
Where: c.
Steel saving cost: Yuan:
Base period unit total cost steel cost, Yuan/10,000 yuan; - calculation period unit total cost steel cost, Yuan/10,000 yuan. C
4.5 Steel saving amount
During a certain period, the difference between the base period unit total cost steel consumption and the calculation period unit total cost steel consumption, multiplied by the calculation period total cost of products. Calculate by formula (5):
M. (M..nM..)XC
Where: M, -- steel saving amount t:
Base period unit total cost steel consumption: t/square yuan: - calculation period unit total cost steel consumption, t/10,000 yuan. 4.6 Steel saving value ratio
The ratio of steel saving cost to total product cost in the calculation period is calculated according to formula (6): K.
Wherein, K is steel saving value ratio, RMB/square RMB 4.7 Steel consumption elasticity coefficient
In a certain period, the ratio of the average annual growth rate of steel consumption to the average annual growth rate of product output. Calculated according to formula (7) Wherein: ·---Steel consumption elasticity coefficient, ·5)
GB/T15512—1995
Annual average growth rate of steel consumption;
Annual average growth rate of product output1"
Note: 1) This standard uses the "horizontal method" when calculating the annual average growth rate. From one year to another, the years of the annual average growth rate do not include the base period. For example, when calculating the annual average growth rate during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, 1985 was used as the base period, and it was written as the average growth rate from 1986 to 1990.
The formula for calculating the annual average growth rate using the level method is: N
Wu Zhong: 9: annual average growth rate,
Calculation period development level:
, - base period development level.
4. Comprehensive utilization rate of steel
×100%
The ratio of the net weight of various products in the calculation period to the total consumption of various products of steel. Calculated by formula (8): M.
Where: 1. Comprehensive utilization rate of steel;
M-net weight of steel of various products in the calculation period, tons; 2. Total consumption of steel of various products in the calculation period, tons; 4.9 Scrap steel consumption rate
× 100%
The ratio of the consumption of scrap steel to the consumption of steel in the calculation period. Calculated by formula 9): M.
Where: Scrap steel consumption rate;
M-scrap steel consumption in the calculation period, tons.
5 Steel production
× 100%
5.1 Steel production enterprises should adopt advanced technology, materials and equipment to make the types, varieties, specifications, quality and quantity of steel meet the needs of users.
5.2 Steel production enterprises should develop energy-saving products. Develop special-shaped steels, produce steels with shapes and dimensions close to widely used products; use economic sections to reduce the amount of addition,
5.3 Short-cycle copper smelting should be developed, and scrap steel should be recycled and utilized. Reduce the iron-steel ratio. 5.4 The following measures should be taken to improve the yield rate of lumber: a.
Increase the reverse casting ratio!
The rolling mill should match the specifications of the finished product;
Adopt reasonable ingot shapes, promote the protection technology of the head of the insulation board; improve the rough rolling process of the mold;
More curved steels should be produced;
The rolling mill should be large-scale, continuous, and white-automatic. GB/T15512-1995
5.5 The plate-to-tube ratio should be increased to improve the utilization rate of steel. 5.6 New steel grades should be developed, such as low-alloy steel, heat-strengthened steel, non-quenched and tempered steel and other high-efficiency steel grades. 5.7 The development of high-efficiency steel and products such as cold-rolled thin plates, deplated steel plates, steel wire ropes, prestressed steel bars and steel strands should be accelerated. 5.8 The research and production of raw materials for powder metallurgy products should be expanded. 5.9 The use and development of technology equipment for commercial consumption of steel should be restricted. 6 Steel circulation
The quality of steel entering the circulation field should be guaranteed. Technical supervision and market management should be strengthened in the process of steel sales. 7 Steel use
7.10 Enterprise product design
Product design should use advanced technologies such as value engineering principles and CAD (computer-aided design)/CAM (computer-aided selection). 7.2 Minimize cutting processing
Enterprises should use advanced processes such as pressure processing, powder metallurgy forming, and precision casting to manufacture products. 7.3 Cutting Processing
Cutting should adopt centralized cutting, optimized sleeve cutting and other advanced methods. 7.4 Rotary Forming
For various thin-walled parts with axial symmetry, sheet metal parts should be used as roughing, and wheels should be used as tools to make rotational shaping. For pancake-like and disc-shaped parts, such as gears and hub parts, pendulum forming should be used. 5 Cold and warm forging technology and precision forging technology 1. Technology
For parts produced in large quantities, advanced cold and warm forging technology should be used. Bearing, automobile and other industrial sectors should use high-speed multi-station forming machinery. 7.6 Precision Casting 2
Casting parts can adopt various precision casting processes. For example, non-residue investment casting, pressure casting, etc. 7.7. Powder forming process
For parts with large batches and complex shapes, powder metallurgy forming can be used instead of general cutting. 7.8 Mold
Enterprises should use standard mold parts produced by specialized factories. Mold design should use advanced technologies such as CAD/CAM. Mold materials should be selected reasonably, and combined heat treatment processes and advanced surface strengthening processes should be used. The consumable parts of the mold should be repaired through various advanced repair processes, such as surfacing, coating and plating technology, and electro-ignition metallurgical melting technology to increase the life of the mold. 7.9 Repair and reuse
For easily damaged parts and corroded parts, welding, thermal spraying, coating and other surface processing technologies should be used to repair them. 7.10 Thermal processing technology
10.1 The steel should be selected correctly and the heat treatment parameters should be selected rationally. 7.10.2 The hot processing technology should change the rough die casting and forging heat treatment method. The pricing should not be based on the tonnage alone, but on the complex coefficients such as product quality, precision, shape and residual tolerance. 7.10.3 In welding technology, advanced technologies such as friction welding and plasma welding should be used. In the construction industry, butt welding should be used for the vertical direction of building steel bars.
7.11 Substitute materials
Enterprises should make extensive use of other substitute materials before meeting product quality and use functions. 8 Steel protection
Related regulations on steel protection should be established.
GB/T 15512—1995
Advanced protective materials, processes, equipment and technologies should be used to meet the corrosion resistance and construction performance requirements of steel and its products. The selection and implementation of various metal covering layers and coating processes should be carried out in accordance with relevant national standards. 8.1 Anti-corrosion design
The consulting departments and all industries should promote anti-corrosion design. 8-2 Anti-corrosion design for storage and transportation
8.2.1 The storage and storage places for steel materials should be dry and ventilated inside and outside. The materials should be stored on hardened floor and away from vehicles that produce gas and powder. The relative humidity of the warehouse should be below 60%. 8.2.2 When steel materials leave the factory, they should be coated with anti-corrosion chemical protective film or sealed packaging, etc. During the transportation, loading and stacking, the outer protective film or packaging should be protected.
8.2.3 When parts are processed in the workshop process, temporary anti-corrosion measures should be adopted. 8.3 Anti-corrosion of parts
For parts with special requirements for wear resistance, corrosion resistance or other requirements, a surface strengthening process should be adopted on the required surface, such as laser surface alloying treatment, physical vacuum deposition, chemical vacuum deposition and thermal spraying. 8.4 Anti-corrosion of underground mining equipment
Corrosion-resistant alloys and steels should be reasonably selected for industrial and mining equipment, and advanced protective coating technology and techniques should be adopted; corrosion inhibitors should be used for closed circulation environments, and cathodic protection should be promoted. 8.5 Anti-corrosion of public facilities
8.5.1 All underground pipelines, such as oil pipelines, water supply pipelines, gas and heat pipelines, etc., must be coated with anti-corrosion coatings and cathodic protection. 8.5-2 All structural projects such as tall buildings, bridges, and urban overpasses should adopt coating anti-corrosion and cathodic protection. 8.6 Anti-corrosion of transportation vehicles and facilities
All types of vehicles should use corrosion-resistant steel and adopt advanced corrosion-resistant coating materials and processes. Ships should adopt coating anti-corrosion and cathodic protection. Subway should take drainage measures to prevent stray current from corroding other metal pipelines. 8-7 Anti-corrosion of underwater facilities
Long-term coating and cathodic protection measures should be adopted for water conservancy projects, river and sea facilities, etc. 9 Management
9.1 Computer Management
Enterprises should use computers to manage all aspects of steel saving in the production process (product design, process, manufacturing, procurement, warehouse, quota, work-in-progress, finished products, etc.).
9. 2 Establishment of management system
Enterprises should establish a steel saving management system and a saving and waste reward and punishment system. 9. 3 Quota Management
9. 3.1 Steel process consumption quota.
Under the prescribed process regulations, as well as certain technology and supply factors, the minimum amount of steel required to achieve a certain amount and a sufficient amount of a certain process.
9.3.2 Formulation of steel process consumption quota
When the enterprise's process department formulates the steel consumption quota, it should be formulated based on the key factors of each process link and the overall process, and should be revised at any time with the improvement of the process.
9.3.3 The management of steel consumption quotas at all levels should be strengthened. The factory-level steel supply department should issue materials according to the process consumption quota of each workshop, and the workshop should issue materials according to the process quota of each team. The steel consumption quota at all levels should have original records and establish archives. 9.4 Organization and technical interface
The enterprise should purchase the required steel according to the design and establish a flow chart. There should be an interface between the departments in organization and technology. 9.5 Steel storage management
GB/T 15512 1995
Enterprises should implement the relevant provisions of the original material technical storage regulations of the Ministry of Materials when storing materials. 9.6 Anti-corrosion management
Enterprises should formulate their own anti-corrosion technical specifications. 9.7 Scrap steel recycling management
Enterprises should classify scrap steel and establish a comprehensive utilization relationship network with steel production enterprises. A scrap steel recycling reward system should be established. 10 Training
Enterprises should clarify personnel training requirements and formulate written training procedures, and provide necessary training to personnel at all levels within the enterprise who are related to steel conservation.
10.1 Administrative leaders and management personnel
Administrative leaders and management personnel of enterprises should be trained on the steel conservation system, and master the methods and techniques required in the operation and management of the system and the principles of effectiveness.
10-2 Technical personnel
Enterprises should train technical personnel, who should understand and master the basic methods and techniques of product design, processing and steel performance, quality, storage, maintenance and procurement in each link of saving steel. 10. 3 『Foremen and Operators
All foremen and operators must be trained in saving steel in production.6 Anti-corrosion of transportation vehicles and facilities
All types of vehicles should use corrosion-resistant steel and adopt advanced corrosion-resistant coating materials and processes. Ships should adopt coating protection and cathodic protection. Subway should take drainage measures to prevent stray current from corroding other metal pipelines. 8-7 Anti-corrosion of underwater facilities
Water conservancy projects, river and underwater facilities should adopt long-term coating and cathodic protection measures. 9 Management
9.1 Microcomputer management
Enterprises should use microcomputers to manage various aspects of steel saving in the production process (product design, process, manufacturing, procurement, warehouse, quota, work-in-progress, finished products, etc.).
9. 2 Establishment of management system
Enterprises should establish a management system for saving steel and a reward and punishment system for saving and wasting. 9. 3 Quota management
9. 3.1 Steel process consumption quota.
Under the prescribed process regulations, as well as certain technology and supply factors, the minimum amount of steel required to achieve a certain amount and a sufficient amount of a certain process.
9.3.2 Formulation of steel process consumption quota
When the enterprise's process department formulates the steel consumption quota, it should be formulated based on the key factors of each process link and the overall process, and should be revised at any time with the improvement of the process.
9.3.3 The management of steel consumption quotas at all levels should be strengthened. The factory-level steel supply department should issue materials according to the process consumption quota of each workshop, and the workshop should issue materials according to the process quota of each team. The steel consumption quota at all levels should have original records and establish archives. 9.4 Organization and technical interface
The enterprise should purchase the required steel according to the design and establish a flow chart. There should be an interface between the departments in organization and technology. 9.5 Steel storage management
GB/T 15512 1995
Enterprises should implement the relevant provisions of the original material technical storage regulations of the Ministry of Materials when storing materials. 9.6 Anti-corrosion management
Enterprises should formulate their own anti-corrosion technical specifications. 9.7 Scrap steel recycling management
Enterprises should classify scrap steel and establish a comprehensive utilization relationship network with steel production enterprises. A scrap steel recycling reward system should be established. 10 Training
Enterprises should clarify personnel training requirements and formulate written training procedures, and provide necessary training to personnel at all levels within the enterprise who are related to steel conservation.
10.1 Administrative leaders and management personnel
Administrative leaders and management personnel of enterprises should be trained on the steel conservation system, and master the methods and techniques required in the operation and management of the system and the principles of effectiveness.
10-2 Technical personnel
Enterprises should train technical personnel, who should understand and master the basic methods and techniques of product design, processing and steel performance, quality, storage, maintenance and procurement in each link of saving steel. 10. 3 『Foremen and Operators
All foremen and operators must be trained in saving steel in production.6 Anti-corrosion of transportation vehicles and facilities
All types of vehicles should use corrosion-resistant steel and adopt advanced corrosion-resistant coating materials and processes. Ships should adopt coating protection and cathodic protection. Subway should take drainage measures to prevent stray current from corroding other metal pipelines. 8-7 Anti-corrosion of underwater facilities
Water conservancy projects, river and underwater facilities should adopt long-term coating and cathodic protection measures. 9 Management
9.1 Microcomputer management
Enterprises should use microcomputers to manage various aspects of steel saving in the production process (product design, process, manufacturing, procurement, warehouse, quota, work-in-progress, finished products, etc.).
9. 2 Establishment of management system
Enterprises should establish a management system for saving steel and a reward and punishment system for saving and wasting. 9. 3 Quota management
9. 3.1 Steel process consumption quota.
Under the prescribed process regulations, as well as certain technology and supply factors, the minimum amount of steel required to achieve a certain amount and a sufficient amount of a certain process.
9.3.2 Formulation of steel process consumption quota
When the enterprise's process department formulates the steel consumption quota, it should be formulated based on the key factors of each process link and the overall process, and should be revised at any time with the improvement of the process.
9.3.3 The management of steel consumption quotas at all levels should be strengthened. The factory-level steel supply department should issue materials according to the process consumption quota of each workshop, and the workshop should issue materials according to the process quota of each team. The steel consumption quota at all levels should have original records and establish archives. 9.4 Organization and technical interface
The enterprise should purchase the required steel according to the design and establish a flow chart. There should be an interface between the departments in organization and technology. 9.5 Steel storage management
GB/T 15512 1995
Enterprises should implement the relevant provisions of the original material technical storage regulations of the Ministry of Materials when storing materials. 9.6 Anti-corrosion management
Enterprises should formulate their own anti-corrosion technical specifications. 9.7 Scrap steel recycling management
Enterprises should classify scrap steel and establish a comprehensive utilization relationship network with steel production enterprises. A scrap steel recycling reward system should be established. 10 Training
Enterprises should clarify personnel training requirements and formulate written training procedures, and provide necessary training to personnel at all levels within the enterprise who are related to steel conservation.
10.1 Administrative leaders and management personnelbzxz.net
Administrative leaders and management personnel of enterprises should be trained on the steel conservation system, and master the methods and techniques required in the operation and management of the system and the principles of effectiveness.
10-2 Technical personnel
Enterprises should train technical personnel, who should understand and master the basic methods and techniques of product design, processing and steel performance, quality, storage, maintenance and procurement in each link of saving steel. 10. 3 『Foremen and Operators
All foremen and operators must be trained in saving steel in production.
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