This standard specifies 160 professional terms in marine chemistry. This standard is applicable to the compilation of teaching materials, books and periodicals, the formulation of relevant standards and technical documents, and the translation of literature. GB/T 15921-1995 Marine terminology Marine chemistry GB/T15921-1995 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies 160 professional terms in marine chemistry. This standard is applicable to the compilation of teaching materials, books and periodicals, the formulation of relevant standards and technical documents, and the translation of literature.

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Oceanographic terminology
Marine chemistry
Oceanographic terminology
Marine chemistry
This standard specifies 160 professional terms in marine chemistry: GB/T 159211995
This standard is suitable for the compilation of teaching materials, books and periodicals, the formulation of relevant standards and technical documents, and the translation of literature. 1 Chemical oceanography
1.1 Chemical oceanography Chemical oceanography is a discipline that studies the chemical composition of substances in the ocean, including distribution, transport flux, chemical properties, chemical forms and various chemical processes, as well as the relationship between these processes and various movement processes in the marine biology, marine geology and marine physics. It is the main part of marine chemistry.
1.1.1 Biogenic silica Silica formed by sedimentary materials of biological remains such as seaweed and radiolarians. 1.1.2 Particulate inorganic carbon Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) Organic carbon in floating particles in seawater. It is usually referred to as inorganic carbon retained on the filter membrane when seawater is filtered with a pore size of 0.45m.
1.1.3 Dissolved inorganic carbon Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) Carbon in dissolved inorganic compounds in seawater. It is usually referred to as organic carbon contained in seawater that can pass through a pore size of 0.45m.
1.1.4 Atmospheric sea salts Atmospheric sea salts Salts from the ocean that exist in the atmosphere. 1.1.5 Chemical weathering Chemical weathering The process by which rocks, minerals, etc. are transformed into new, stable chemical substances through chemical reactions under the action of natural environmental conditions. 1.1.6 Chemical diagenesis Chemical changes that occur during sedimentation and before consolidation after sedimentation. 1.1.7
Air-sea interface
The interface between seawater and atmosphere.
Sea-land interface
The zone where the ocean and land interact. It includes the area where the seawater is mainly affected by waves, and the sea-river interface The area where the land current mixes with the seawater. It is the transition zone between the river and the ocean. 1.1.10 Seawater-sediment interface The interface between the surface of sedimentary objects and seawater. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 20, 1995, and implemented on August 1, 1996.
GB/T 15921—1995
1.1.11 Seawater-particle interface The interface between suspended particles in seawater and seawater. 1.1.12 Seawater-biosphere interface The interface between marine organisms and seawater.
1.1.13 Atmospheric input The process by which chemical substances in the atmosphere enter the ocean in the form of gas, liquid or solid. 1.1.14 Atmospheric transport The process by which chemical substances between land and ocean are removed through the atmosphere. 1.1.15 Anthropogenic input The process by which chemical substances enter the ocean directly or indirectly due to human activities. 1.1.16 Biological input The process by which biological activity causes chemical substances to enter seawater and sediments. 1.1.17 Riverborne substance Landborne substance that is introduced into the ocean by rivers. B Airborne substance
Gaseous, irrigated, and solid substances introduced into the ocean by the atmosphere. 1.1.19 Hydrothermal processes The process by which water near a mid-ocean ridge penetrates into the vicinity of a magma chamber and is heated to high temperatures (above 300°C). This hydrothermal fluid rises to the seafloor vents to form hot springs.
1.1.20 Input flux
The amount of substance that accumulates into a specific ocean system through a certain cross-sectional area in a certain period of time: 1.1.21 Output flux
The amount of substance that is output from a specific ocean system through a certain cross-sectional area in a certain period of time. 1.1.22 Houndary flux
The amount of material that moves across an interface in a certain period of time. 1.1.23 Interface exchange process The process of mass and energy migration through an interface. 1.1.24 Residence time The average time required to completely renew a component in a stable state in a sea or ocean region, assuming that the component is input (output) at a certain rate, in years. 1.125 Particulate matter solid particles that can float in seawater relatively stably. They are usually separated from seawater using a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.45 m. 1.1.26 Marine detritus organic matter such as biological remains, excrement, and debris in seawater, as well as inorganic particles such as clay minerals, secondary minerals, and silicon skeletons. 1.1.27 Marine aerosol A dispersion of liquid and solid particles in the ocean atmosphere, with a particle radius of 0.1-10 μm. 1.1.28 Sea surface microlayer A film on the surface of the ocean that is rich in organic components and has properties that are significantly different from those of the bulk water. Synonym: Sea surface microlayer.
9 Calcite compensation depth (cCI>) 1.1.29
The depth at which the deposition rate and dissolution rate of calcite in seawater are equal. This depth is below the saturation depth of calcium carbonate. 1.1.30 Calcium carbonate saturation depth (dcpth) 1.1.31 Lysoeline
CB/T15921—1995
The water layer in the ocean where the dissolution rate of calcium carbonate increases rapidly. This water layer is above the compensation depth. 1. 1. 32 Ocean water
The salinity of seawater that is basically unaffected by terrestrial water is usually around 35. 1.1.33 Anoxic water
Water in the ocean that is depleted or basically depleted of oxygen. 1.1.34 Anoxic basin
A basin that is depleted of oxygen because the oxygen consumption rate is greater than the replenishment rate. It usually appears in a closed basin. The anoxic state of anoxic basins can be long-term or temporary.
1.1.35 Overlying water The water layer covering the seabed sediments, with a thickness of about several centimeters. 1.1.36 Interstitial water (pore water) The water dissolved in the pores between the seabed sediment particles and the stone particles. It is also called pore water. Its distribution reflects the various changes that occur during the sedimentation process and after the burial of seawater and sediments. Therefore, its composition is different from that of seawater. Seasno
1. 1. 37:
Flocculations like snowflakes that sink in seawater. 1.1.38Resuspension
The phenomenon that surface sediments are resuspended by bottom currents and enter the water body. 1. 1. 39
Nephelid layer
A water layer with a high content of suspended particles formed by the resuspension of surface sediments from the seabed and entering the water body. 1.2Seawater chemistrySeawater chemistry is a discipline that studies the source, quantity, distribution, form, morphology, transfer, communication, analysis methods and utilization of chemical substances in seawater. 1.2.1 Salinity
A scale for the salt content in seawater.
First defined in 1902: The number of grams of inorganic salts contained in a kilogram of seawater after all the iodine and iodine in it have been replaced by an equivalent amount of fluorine and all the carbonates have been converted into oxides, expressed as S% in grams per kilogram. In 1966, salinity was redefined based on relative conductivity ratio as:
Where R is the conductivity ratio of a swimming sample to a standard seawater with a salinity of 35.000 at a standard atmospheric pressure and 15°C.
Afterwards, the 1978 Practical Salinity Scale (see, 1978 Practical Salinity Scale and Practical Salinity) was implemented on January 1, 1982. 1.2.2 1978 Practical Salinity Scale is a single salinity reference point based on a standard solution of potassium chloride with a mass ratio of 32.4356×10-. When the ratio of the conductivity of the seawater sample to the conductivity of the reference solution under the same conditions (K:) is exactly 1 under 15 and 10 standard atmospheres, the practical salinity is exactly equal to 35.
After the practical salinity scale is adopted, salinity is an independent parameter and no longer has a substantial relationship with the atmospheric pressure. 1.2.3 Absolute silinity The ratio of the mass of dissolved matter in seawater to the mass of seawater. It is represented by the symbol S. 1.2.4 Practical salinity GB/T 159211995
wherein, a is the ratio of the conductivity of the seawater sample to the conductivity of the potassium fluoride standard solution with a mass ratio of 32.4356×10-4 under the same conditions at 15℃ and a standard atmospheric pressure: an; is the constant term: an - 0,008 0
4=-0.1692
42 - 25. 385 1
: = 14. 0941
t. =— 7. 026 1
as = 2. 708 1
2, 35. 000 0
1. 2. 5 Sea ice salinity af gea iceThe salinity of seawater obtained after the sea ice melts.
1.2.6Chlorinity
Indicates the ratio of the mass of pure standard silver (atomic weight silver) required to precipitate the halides contained in seawater to the mass of seawater by 0.3285234 times. It is represented by the symbol c1 and is dimensionless. The unit is 1×10-, 1.2.7Chlorine Chlorosity
Also known as chlorine, refers to the nitrogen content of one cubic decimeter of seawater at a temperature of 20°C. The unit is dmSynonyms: Chlorine content:
1.2. B Chlorine ratioChlorinily RatioThe ratio of the content of the main components of seawater to the chlorine value of seawater. 1.2.9Alkalinity
The amount of hydrogen ions required to neutralize weak acid anions in a unit volume of seawater. It is represented by the symbol A and the unit is mol·ni- or mol - dm\\.
Synonym: Total alkalinity:
1.2. 10 Specific alkalinity The ratio of the alkalinity of seawater to the chlorine (or salinity) value: 1. 2. 11 Magnetic acid (salt) alkalinity The amount of hydrogen ions required to neutralize a unit volume of B (OH) ions in seawater: Indicated by the derivative symbol B1, the unit is mol ·m- or mol *tm:
1.2. 12 Carbonate (salt) alkalinity The amount of hydrogen ions required to neutralize a unit volume of HCO and CO ions in seawater. Indicated by the symbol CA. The unit is mol + m-' or mal + dm-\.
1.2.13 Surplus alkalinity Surplus alkalinity The amount of hydrogen ions required to neutralize a unit volume of all weak acid anions except carbonate and trichloride in seawater. Usually the unit is ml + m \ or ol + dm
1.2.14 Qualitative constancy of conposition (of seawater) The ratio of the contents of the main components of seawater is basically constant. 1.2.15 Conservative constituents of sea water GB/T 159211995
1.2.16 Non consevative constituents of sea water waler Components whose content distribution in seawater is obviously affected by biological activities, etc. For example: nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, etc.
1.2.17 Major components of seawater usually refer to the five cations of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and strontium, the five anions of chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate (including carbonate), bicarbonate and fluoride, and boric acid molecules, a total of eleven chemical components. The content of these components in each dry gram of seawater is greater than 1 Ⅱg, accounting for more than 99.9% of the total dissolved components in seawater. 1.2.18 Minorelement of seawater Elements whose content in each dry gram of seawater is less than 1mg. 1.2.19 Carbon monoxide system in seawater Carbon dioxide system in seawater A system composed of carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate ions and carbonate ions in seawater. Synonym: Seawater carbonate system.
1.2.20 Dissolved oxygen dissolved oxygen
Molecular oxygen dissolved in seawater. Symbol Do Expressed, usually in mmul·dm-3. 1.2.21 Saturation anomaly The degree to which the on-site content of a gas in seawater deviates from the saturation content. Expressed by the following formula: AG
Where: AG—saturation anomaly:
C—on-site content of a certain gas,
G—on-site saturation content of the basic gas
1.2.22 Dissolved oxygen saturation (saturatianafdissolvedoxygen1) × 100
The percentage of dissolved oxygen content in seawater under on-site conditions to the saturated content under such conditions. Expressed by the following formula:
Where:
Oxygen content under on-site conditions:
Saturated content of oxygen under on-site conditions.
po/×100%
apparentoxygenutilization(Aou)1.2.23 Apparent oxygen consumption
The difference between the oxygen saturation content of seawater and the actual dissolved oxygen content. It is expressed by the following formula: AOU:=o1-P:o)
Formula:\ oxygen saturation content;
, one by one, the actual dissolved oxygen content.
1.2.24 Nutrients (mmirien1 salls) inseawuter Salts necessary for marine organisms in the process of life activities, usually referring to dissolved phosphates, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium salts and silica salts.
1.2.25 Preformed nutrients
GB/T 15921—1995
Nutrient benefits can be obtained through the on-site measurement of nutrient salt and A(U value. 1.2.26 Nutrient depletion The nutrient salt content in seawater is reduced to the minimum or even completely exhausted due to dust absorption. At this time, the growth of organisms in seawater is restricted.
1.2.27 Micronutrients Micronutrients Micronutrients necessary for plant growth and reproduction in seawater. 1.2.28 Reactive silicate Reactive silicate Silicate in seawater that can react with ammonium molybdate reagent under certain conditions to produce a color reaction. Usually the unit is μmol·dm-3. 1.2.29 Reactive phosphorus Orthophosphate in seawater that can react with ammonium molybdate reagent under certain conditions. Usually the unit is μmal·dm-1. 1.3 Analytical chemistry of seawater Waier is a discipline that studies the analytical methods of various components in seawater. It includes: sampling, sample processing, separation, enrichment and determination of components to be tested.
1.3.1 Salt error salterror
When analyzing seawater components by colorimetric method, an error is caused by the influence of inorganic salt ions in seawater on the analysis result. 1.3.2 Salt error correction saltcorrection
Correction for the measurement error caused by different sample salinities. 1.3.3 Knudsen'burette Knudsen'burette A special burette used in Mohr-Kundlsen titration. 1.3.4 Knudscn's pipette Knudscn's pipettetc A special pipette used in Mohr-Kindsen titration. 1.3.5 Standard seawater standardseawater The conductivity ratio K. Ocean water whose conductivity and chlorinity values ​​have been accurately measured. Standard seawater used to measure the salinity or chlorinity of seawater samples is sealed in a container and prepared by an international specialized agency. Sub-standard seawater1.3.6
Standard water prepared according to international standard water. 1.3.7 Artificial seawater A water solution similar to seawater prepared with chemical reagents according to a certain formula for special research needs. Surface microlayer sampler13.8
An instrument or device used to collect surface film samples from the ocean surface. Different samplers have different micro-surface depths. Common ones include sieve samplers, drum samplers, plate samplers, and sample samplers. 1.3.9 In situ measurement Direct measurement in the ocean by an instrument or sensor. 1.3.10 Sediment trap Equipment or device that collects suspended particles in the water column that move toward the seabed. Usually in the shape of a bucket or a cylinder, fixed to the seabed or at different depths: mainly used to estimate the deposition rate and flux of suspended particles. 1.4 Marine element geochemistry Marine element geochemistry is a discipline that studies the content, distribution, form, morphology, source, transfer and circulation of chemical elements in the ocean. 1.4.1 Regeneration cycle Regeneration cycle refers to the cyclic process in which nutrients in the ocean are taken up by organisms and converted into organic substances, which are then decomposed and converted into inorganic substances. 1.4.2 Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed by plants in the ocean and then converted into inorganic substances through biological processes, geological processes and human activities. 1.4.3 Nitrogen cycle Cycle
GB/T15921—1995
Mainly refers to the inorganic nitrogen in seawater, which is absorbed by plants and converted into organic nitrogen in the body, and then returns to seawater in the form of inorganic ammonia through complex biochemical processes and mineralization. 1.4.4 Phosphorus cycle
Mainly refers to the dissolved inorganic phosphorus in seawater, which is absorbed by plants and converted into organic phosphorus in the body, and then returns to seawater in the form of inorganic phosphorus through biochemical processes and mineralization. 1.5 Marine physical chemistry marine physical chemistry is a discipline that uses the theories and methods of physical chemistry to study the existing forms, chemical balances and chemical processes of chemical substances in the ocean, and their relationship with the physical and chemical properties of seawater. 1.5.1 Seawater ion-association model seawater ion-association model The ion pairs formed by electrostatic attraction of ions with opposite charges in seawater are called ion association. Applying this concept to study the existence forms of elements in seawater is called seawater ion association model. 1.5.2 Chemical species The form in which a chemical component exists in the ocean. For example, ions of different valence states, photomechanical ion pairs, organic and inorganic complexes, organic coordination compounds, etc.
1.5. 3 Chemical form The state in which a chemical component exists in seawater. For example, dissolved, bulk and particle states, 1.5.4 Chemical form model Chemical speciatinn mndel A model for theoretical calculation or experimental study of the form and morphology of a chemical component. 1.5.5 Box model Box model A model that divides the ocean into several blocks for study according to its characteristics and research purposes. Partitioned box and multi-box model. 1.5.6 Photochemical transformation Photochemical transformation Chemical changes that occur when substances on the surface of the ocean and in the photosphere of seawater are acted upon by sunlight, including processes such as oxidation, decomposition and synthesis. 1.5.7 Marine erosion Marine torrosior
The destruction of metals caused by chemical and electrochemical processes in the marine environment. 1.6 Marine organic chemistry marineorganic chemistry is a discipline that studies the formation, chemical composition and structure, degradation, transformation flux, fate of organic matter in the ocean and its influence on ocean ecology, elemental geochemistry and sedimentary diagenesis: 1.6.1 Marine organic geochemistry is a discipline that studies the source, content, distribution, form, morphological transfer and flux of organic matter in the ocean. 1,6.2 Dissolved organic matter dissolved organic maller (DOM) is organic compounds dissolved in seawater. It refers to organic matter contained in water that can pass through a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.15μm: 1.6.3 Dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic carbon (Tx) C) Carbon in dissolved organic compounds in seawater. It usually refers to the organic carbon contained in seawater that can pass through a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm.
1.6.4 Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) The fluorine in dissolved organic compounds in seawater, usually refers to the organic ammonia nitrogen contained in seawater that can pass through a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm.
1.6.5 Dissolved organic phosphorus The phosphorus in dissolved organic compounds in seawater, usually refers to the organic phosphorus contained in seawater that can pass through a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.15 μm.
1.6.6 Particulate organic matter μarticulate rganic: matterm
GB/T 15921—1995
1.6.7 Particulate organic carbon (POC) The carbon in particulate organic matter in seawater. Usually refers to the organic carbon retained on the filter membrane when seawater is filtered with a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm. 1.6.8 Particulate urganic nitrogen (PON) Nitrogen in particulate organic matter in seawater. Usually refers to the organic nitrogen retained on the filter membrane when filtering seawater with a pore size of 0.45μm. 1.6.9 Particulate organic phosphorus (POP) Phosphorus in particulate organic matter in water. Usually refers to the organic phosphorus retained on the membrane when filtering water with a pore size of 0.45M. 1.6.10 Volatile organic matter (VOM) Usually refers to organic compounds with high vapor pressure, small molecular weight and low solubility in seawater. 1.6.11 Volatile organic carbon (VOC) Carbon in volatile organic matter in seawater. Sometimes refers to organic carbon lost due to solid volatilization during the determination of dissolved organic carbon or total organic carbon.
1.6.12Total organic matter (TOM) refers to all organic matter in seawater.
1.6.13Total organic carbon (TOC) refers to the carbon in all organic matter in seawater. 1.6.14Total organic nitrogen (TON) refers to the nitrogen in all organic matter in seawater. 1.6.15Total organic phosphorus (TOP) refers to the phosphorus in all organic matter in seawater. 1.6.16Exogenous organic matter refers to organic matter in the ocean that comes from rivers and human air. 1.6.17 Terrigenous organic matter refers to organic matter generated by organisms and humans on land during their activities and entering the ocean through different pathways. 1.6.18 Yellow substance (gelhstoff) Yellow organic matter with complex structure and wide molecular weight range existing in dry seawater, mainly refers to seawater humus. 1.6.19 Terrigenous humus It refers to mixed organic matter with multiple functional groups, complex structure, stable properties and wide distribution range generated by dead bodies of organisms (mainly plants) in the surrounding environment through biological and chemical processes. Some of these substances enter the ocean through rivers, etc., and their chemical structure and properties are not completely different from those of seawater humus. 1.6.20 Marine humus It refers to humus generated in the marine environment. It includes "seawater humus" and "sedimentary humus". 1.6.21 Seawater humus A type of organic matter with multiple functional groups, complex structure, definite properties and a wide molecular range, which is generated by the residues, metabolites and decomposition products of organisms (mainly plankton) in seawater through microbial and chemical processes. Its aliphatic properties are more obvious than those of terrestrial humus.
1.6.22 Sedimentary humus A mixed organic matter with multiple functional groups, complex structure, stable properties and a wide molecular range, which is generated by the remains, metabolites and decomposition products of organisms in marine sediments through biological and chemical processes. Its chemical structure and properties are not completely the same as those of seawater humus.
1.6.23 Humification [action] Humification is the process of generating mixed organic matter (humus) with complex structure, definite properties and wide molecular weight range in marine environment, animal debris, metabolites and decomposition products through biological and chemical reactions. 1.6.24
GB/T 15921—1995
Hydrocarbon compounds synthesized in marine organisms (plankton, algae, bacteria). These include saturated, unsaturated and branched hydrocarbons, which are released into seawater with the decomposition of biological residues and excrement, or settle into sediments with particles. 1.6.25 Anthropogenic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons brought into the ocean through rivers, air, ships, etc. due to human activities. 5 Organic coating layer1. 6.26
The organic film covering the surface of particles in seawater1.7 Marine isotope chemistrytmarineisotopechemistryis a discipline that studies the sources, meanings, distribution, existence forms and migration laws of natural radioactive, man-made and stable isotopes in the ocean and their applications in oceanography. 1.7.1 Tracerstracer
A small tracer used to track the movement of water bodies or the migration pathways of substances. There are man-made tracers and natural tracers. 1.7.2 Transient tracers refer to man-made tracers used to study the movement of seawater, such as hydrogen-3, strontium-90, chrysene-137, chrysene-85, freon, etc. 1.8 Estuarine chemistry is a discipline that studies the interactions, migration patterns, and flux of various substances in the process of river water and seawater mixing in estuaries. 1.8.1 Theoretical dilution line (TDI) usually refers to the linear relationship between a certain dissolved fraction and salinity or chlorine during the mixing process of river water and swimming water. 2 Marine biochemistry
2.1 Marine biochemistry Biochemistry is a discipline that studies the chemical composition, metabolism and biochemical processes between marine organisms and the environment. It is both a component of marine biology and a research field of marine chemistry. 2.2 Marine biochemistry is a discipline that studies the relationship between marine biological activities and the geochemical processes of chemical substances in the ocean. 2.3 Algal chemistry is a discipline that studies the content, variation, composition, structure, properties, biochemistry and application of chemical components in algae. 2.4 Marine pharmacology is a branch of science that applies knowledge of botany, zoology, chemistry, pharmacology, etc. to study the source, properties, tissue characteristics, composition, efficacy and production of marine drugs.
2.5 Chemical biology is a branch of science that studies the energy required for biological growth provided by chemical reactions in the ocean. 3 Marine resource chemistry
3.1 Marine resource chemistry Chemistry is a discipline that studies the development of chemical resources from marine carriers, marine organisms and marine sediments. It is a branch of marine chemistry.
3.2 Marine natural product Marine natural product is a secondary metabolite produced by marine organisms in non-chemical processes. 3.3 Marine natural product chemistry chemistry is a discipline that studies the separation, purification, properties, generation, structure and application of biological metabolites. 3.4 Marine biochemical resources marine biochemical resources GB/T15921—1995 3.5 Marine chemical resources marine chemical resources Chemical substances with economic value in seawater, marine organisms and marine sediments. 4 Marine environmental chemistry 4.1 Marine environmental chemistry marine environmental chemistry is a discipline that studies the sources, distribution, migration and changes of pollutants and other chemical substances in the marine environment, their impact on the quality of the marine environment, and the principles and methods of control, improvement and marine environment. 4.2 Mass balance refers to the balance of material mass when chemical substances are transferred between the ocean and the atmosphere, rivers and seabed sediments in a stable state. It also refers to the balance between a specific system in the ocean and the outside world. 4.3 Mass transfer mass transfer is the mass transfer process of chemical substances between the atmosphere, rivers and seawater sediments. It also refers to the transfer between a certain system in the ocean and the outside world.
4.4 Mass budget
In a steady state, estimate the mass budget and balance of chemical substances entering the seawater from the atmosphere, rivers and seabed or being removed from the ocean. It also refers to the mass budget and balance of a certain system in the ocean and the outside world. 4.5 Biological removal The process in which chemical substances are removed by the action of organisms in a certain environment in the ocean. 4.6 Abiotic removal The process in which chemical substances in a certain environment in the ocean are removed by chemical and physical actions in the absence of biological activity. 4.7 Biological scavenging The process in which substances entering a certain environment in the ocean are removed by biological actions: Biological scavenging plays an important role in the elimination of marine pollutants and the natural purification of the marine environment. 4.8 Chemical scavenging The process in which substances entering a certain environment in the ocean are removed by chemical actions. 4.9 HaselineValue
The content of chemical components in the sea area without being directly affected by human activities within a certain period of time is called the baseline value. The study of the fluctuation range of the baseline value is called the baseline study. 4.10 Marine pollutionMarinccontaminatianThe phenomenon that the quality of the marine environment is adversely affected by substances or energy entering the sea, but has not yet reached the level of pollution: 4.11 Marine pollutionmarine pollutionHuman beings directly or indirectly introduce substances and energy into the marine environment, resulting in harmful effects such as damage to biological sources, endangering human health, hindering industry and other various legitimate activities, and damaging the quality of seawater and the marine environment. 4.12 Marine pollutantsmarinepollutants refer to substances that enter the marine environment directly or indirectly through human activities and can cause harmful effects. 4.13 Set water pollutant background valueSet water pollutant backgroundThe normal content of chemical components in seawater under the condition of "unpolluted" and the normal value of energy distribution in seawater. 4.14 Marine environmental quality marineenvironmentailquality refers to the suitability of the overall marine environment or certain elements of the marine environment for the survival and reproduction of humans and organisms and the development of human society and economy.
4.15 Marine environmental capacity marine environmental capacity The maximum amount of pollutants that a particular sea area can accommodate under the premise of making full use of the self-purification capacity of the ocean and not causing pollution damage. GB/T15921--1995
4.16 Marine environmental assessment marine environmental assessment According to different requirements and environmental quality standards, according to certain evaluation principles and methods, the quality of marine environmental elements (water quality, bottom quality, organisms) is evaluated and predicted.
4.17 Eutrophic waier
Excessive nutrient salt accumulation may cause eutrophication of water bodies. 4.18 Oligotrophic water is a body of water that lacks nutrients, so that biological growth becomes restricted. 4.19 Eutrophication is a process in which excessive nutrients cause algae to reproduce rapidly, eventually leading to water quality deterioration. 4.20 Seawater self-purification is a process in which seawater reduces the content of pollutants or degrades them into non-toxic and harmless substances through its own physical, chemical and biological effects.
4.21 Biological purification is a process in which organisms (microorganisms, algae, etc.) degrade and transform pollutants into low-toxic and non-toxic substances through their metabolism. 4.22 Seawater quality standard is a regulation on the quality requirements of seawater formulated in a certain period and sea or area based on the relationship between water pollution and effects and certain goals. It is a document in a specific form approved and promulgated by an authoritative agency. 4.23 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the amount of oxidant equivalent to ammonia consumed in the chemical oxidation of oxidizable substances in seawater under specified conditions. Usually expressed in mg·dm-3.
4.24 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed in the process of microbial decomposition of organic compounds in seawater. Generally, 20 (5 days) of oxygen content is used, usually the single symptom is mgdm\*
Abnormal saturation
Specific alkalinity
Standard seawater·
Apparent oxygen consumption
Sediment humus
Sediment trap
Atmospheric sea salt
Atmospheric input
Atmospheric transport
Ocean water
Ammonia cycle
Residence time
Calcite compensation depth
Non-dust removal...
Humosis [month]
Sub-standard seawater ·
Eutrophication|effect.
Eutrophic water
Photochemical conversion
Sea ice salinity·
Sea-river interface
Sea-land interface
Sea-air interface
Conservative components of seawater
Seawater-sediment interface
Seawater geochemistry
GB/r15921—1995
Appendix A
Chinese index
(reference)
Seawater monoxide embedding system
Non-conservative components of seawater
: 1. 2. 10
Analytical chemistry of seawater
Seawater humus
Seawater chemistry
Seawater particles
Seawater-particle interface·
Seawater ion association model·
Seawater-biological interface.
Seawater quality standards
Trace elements in seawater
Nutrients in seawater
Main components of seawater
Self-purification of seawater
Marine corrosion
Marine humus
Marine chemical resources
Marine environmental chemistry
Marine environmental assessment
Marine environmental capacity Quantity
Quality of marine environment
Marine aerosol
Marine biochemical resources·
Marine biogeochemistry
Marine biochemistry
Marine pharmacognosy.
Marine detritus
Marine natural products·
Marine natural product chemistry
Marine natural hydrocarbons
Marine isotope chemistry
Ocean surface
Marine river pollution
Marine pollutants
Marine pollutant background
Marine physical chemistry·
Marine organic geochemistry
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1,1, 26
: 1.6.24
Eutrophic water
Photochemical conversion
Sea ice salinity·
Sea-river interface
Sea-land interface
Sea-air interface
Conservative components of seawater
Seawater-sediment interface
Seawater geochemistry
GB/r15921—1995
Appendix A
Chinese index
(reference)
Seawater monoxide embedding system
Non-conservative components of seawater
: 1. 2. 10
Analytical chemistry of seawater
Seawater humus
Seawater chemistry
Seawater particles
Seawater-particle interface·
Seawater ion association model·
Seawater-biological interface.
Seawater quality standards
Trace elements in seawater
Nutrients in seawater
Main components of seawater
Self-purification of seawater
Marine corrosion
Marine humus
Marine chemical resources
Marine environmental chemistry
Marine environmental assessment
Marine environmental capacity Quantity
Quality of marine environment
Marine aerosol
Marine biochemical resources·
Marine biogeochemistry
Marine biochemistry
Marine pharmacognosy.
Marine detritus
Marine natural products·
Marine natural product chemistry
Marine natural hydrocarbons
Marine isotope chemistry
Ocean surface
Marine river pollution
Marine pollutants
Marine pollutant background
Marine physical chemistry·
Marine organic geochemistry
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... 1. 1. 25
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·1. 2. 24
1,1, 26
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Eutrophic water
Photochemical conversion
Sea ice salinity·
Sea-river interface
Sea-land interface
Sea-air interface
Conservative components of seawater
Seawater-sediment interface
Seawater geochemistry
GB/r15921—1995
Appendix A
Chinese index
(reference)
Seawater monoxide embedding system
Non-conservative components of seawater
: 1. 2. 10
Analytical chemistry of seawater
Seawater humus
Seawater chemistry
Seawater particles
Seawater-particle interface·
Seawater ion association model·
Seawater-biological interface.
Seawater quality standards
Trace elements in seawater
Nutrients in seawater
Main components of seawater
Self-purification of seawater
Marine corrosion
Marine humus
Marine chemical resources
Marine environmental chemistry
Marine environmental assessment
Marine environmental capacity Quantity
Quality of marine environment
Marine aerosol
Marine biochemical resources·
Marine biogeochemistry
Marine biochemistry
Marine pharmacognosy.
Marine detritus
Marine natural products·
Marine natural product chemistry
Marine natural hydrocarbons
Marine isotope chemistry
Ocean surface
Marine river pollution
Marine pollutants
Marine pollutant background
Marine physical chemistry·
Marine organic geochemistry
**+ 1. 6. 21
... 1. 1. 25
,1. 1. 11
·1. 2. 24
1,1, 26
: 1.6.24
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