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Light Industry Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Polyurethane Synthetic Leather
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
QB 1646-92
This standard specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of polyurethane synthetic leather (hereinafter referred to as synthetic leather).
This standard applies to synthetic leather with a natural leather structure made of needle-punched non-woven fabric as the base, through polyurethane resin impregnation, coating, wet coagulation and other processes.
2 Reference standards
GB 251
GB2828
GB3920
Grey scale for assessing staining
Batch-by-batch inspection Sampling procedures and sampling tables by count (applicable to inspection of continuous batches) Textiles Test method for colour fastness to rubbing
GB 4689.4
GB 4689. 7
GB 4689. 9
GB 13022
3 Product classification
Physical property tests Determination of thickness
Determination of grain strength and stretch height
Determination of folding fastness
Test method for tensile properties of films
Products are classified by use, see Table 1.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Specifications shall comply with the requirements of Table 2.
Thickness and deviation, mm
Approved by the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China on January 15, 1993 378
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Cracking test
Women's shoes, children's shoes, bags, belts, etc.
Shoes, cameras, instruments and other various coats
Width and deviation, mm
≥1000
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Allowable deviation
Area of each roll
Implementation on September 1, 1993
2 The appearance should meet the requirements of Table 3.
Depth of pattern
Smoothness
Obvious scattered defects such as melting, holes, dirt, floating spots and
wrinkles
Obvious continuous defects such as lines and poor coating
Number of sections per roll, section
Minimum section length, m
QB1646--92
Superior product
Not too deep or too shallow
Very unobvious
Very unobvious Obvious
Within the range of 1m in length, no more than 1
place within 0.01
～0.025m2, and no more than 10
cumulatively for each roll. Very slightly too deep or too shallow
Very unobvious
Not obvious
Very slightly uneven
Within the range of 1m in length, the defect
area does not exceed 0.05m2, and the cumulative defect area does not exceed
places for each
roll. Defective surface below 0.01m2: Accumulated within 1.2m2: No more than 0.5m2. Continuous defects are not allowed outside 10cm from both edges. Continuous defects are allowed on one side within 10cm from both sides. Continuous defects are allowed within 10cm from both sides, or 1 unclear line is allowed within the width. Qualified products: Slightly too deep or too shallow: Not obvious: Not obvious: Slightly not smooth: The defect area within 1m long does not exceed 0.1 m2, the cumulative defect area of each roll shall not exceed 2
Continuous defects are allowed within 15cm of the two sides of the edge
; a continuous defect with a width less than
or equal to 5cm is allowed within the width of
(except the two sides of the edge
)
Note: 5.6 If two defects exist at the same time, within the length of 1m, the defect area of qualified products shall not exceed 0.16m2, and continuous defects within a length of 1m shall be calculated according to the actual defect area. 4.3 Physical and mechanical properties shall comply with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4
Apparent density·g/cm2
Tensile load, N
Elongation at break, %
Tear load, N
Peel load, N
Cracking
Folding fastness
Surface color fastness
Warp and weft
Warp and weft
Height, mm
Load, N
Dry friction
Wet friction
Sweat friction
Moisture permeability, mg/(cm2, h）
Superior product
First-class product
Qualified product
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Superior products
First-class products
Qualified products
49~167
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Superior products
First-class products
Qualified products
Water resistance·min
Water absorption, 9%
Heat resistance and adhesion, grade
Superior products
QB1646-92
Continued table 4
First-class products
Qualified products
Superior products
First-class products
Qualified products
Note: The sweat friction test of the surface color fastness of the leather used for basketball, volleyball and camera jackets is not assessed. Other products are not assessed. 5 Test method
5.1 Sample cutting
0.4m samples are cut from each batch of products along the warp direction. See Figure 1 for sample cutting. OD
Figure 1 Sample cutting arrangement
Superior products
1 Apparent density sample, 2 Tensile load and elongation at break sample; 3-Tear load sample*4 Break load sample: 5-Moisture permeability reduction sample: 6-Folding fastness sample: 7-Heat adhesion test sample: 8 Packing test sample; 9-Water absorption spot sample? 10-Surface color fastness sample, 11-Water resistance test sample 5.2 Test state adjustment and test environment
Qualified products
The samples are placed in an environment with a temperature of (23 ± 2)°C and a relative coagulation of 55% to 75% for 24 hours, and the test is carried out under this condition. 5.3 Specifications
According to GB4689.4, 15 points are measured along the width of the product, and the results are expressed as arithmetic mean, accurate to 5.3.1 Thickness
0.01 mm.
5.3.2 Width, measured with a gauge with an accuracy of 1 mm, accurate to 1 mm. 380
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5.3.3 Area Measure the length of each roll with a gauge with an accuracy of 1 mm, and calculate its area, accurate to 0.1 m. 5.4 Appearance Inspection
Measure the defect area visually under fluorescent light and with the corresponding gauge, and the calculation method shall be carried out according to the provisions of Table 5. Table 5
Defect area, m2
>0. 022 5 ~ 0. 100 0
0. 010 0~ 0. 022 5
5.5 Determination of apparent density
Calculation area, m
Calculated according to the actual defect area
5.5.1 Cut 3 pieces of 50mm×50mm specimens, measure the thickness of each piece at 4 points along the four sides, and take the average value, accurate to 0.01mm. 5.5.2 Weigh the mass of the specimen, accurate to 0.1mg. 5.5.3 Calculate the result according to formula (1).
0 = 1 000 X
Where: p
apparent density, g/cm°;
mass of the sample, g;
A-area of the sample, mm;
thickness of the sample, mm.
Take the arithmetic mean of the test results of three samples, accurate to 0.01g/cm. 5.6 Tensile load and elongation at break
Perform in accordance with the provisions of GB13022. The sample is type I, the test speed is (100±10) mm/min, the maximum load in the tensile test is recorded, and the arithmetic mean of the test results of three samples is taken, accurate to 1N. 5.7 Tearing load
5.7.1 The tensile testing machine shall comply with the provisions of GB13022. 5.7.2 Test steps
According to Figure 1, cut three specimens of 100mm×25mm in the longitudinal and latitudinal directions, and cut the specimens from the center of the short side of each specimen in a direction parallel to the long side. The cut length is 70mm. The cut ends are clamped in opposite directions on the fixture of the tensile testing machine. The test is carried out at a tensile speed of (100±10)mm/min, and the maximum load when the specimen is torn is recorded. 5.7.3 Test results
Expressed as the arithmetic mean of the test results of each group of specimens, accurate to 1N. 5.8 Peeling load
5.8.1 Apparatus
The tensile testing machine shall comply with the provisions of GB13022. 5.8.2.1 Cut three specimens of 220mm×25mm as shown in Figure 1. 5.8.2.2 Use sandpaper to grind half of the surface of a nitrile rubber sheet with a hardness (Shore A) of 75°±5°, a length of 150mm, a width of 30mm, and a thickness of (5.5±0.5)mm, and then grind about one-third of the surface of the specimen for later use. 5.8.2.3 Use butanone to decontaminate the grinded parts of the specimen and the rubber sheet, and air dry for 15 minutes. Then apply chloroprene glue (with 10% isocyanate glue JQ-1) to the surfaces of the two, and after air drying for 10 to 30 minutes, adhere them to each other. 5.8.2.4 The sample after bonding is shown in Figure 2. It is rolled several times with a hand roller of mass (2000 ± 50) g and left for more than 16 hours. 381
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Figure 2 Schematic diagram of sample and rubber sheet bonding
1 Sample, 2-adhesive; 3-rubber sheet
5.8.2.5 Use a scalpel to cut the leather surface layer from the top along the warp direction and the base layer, clamp the rubber sheet and the sample on the upper and lower clamps of the tensile testing machine respectively, and stretch at a speed of (100 ± 10) mm/min, and take the average of the maximum and minimum values. 5.8.2.6 Test results
Express as the arithmetic mean of the test results of each group of samples, accurate to 1N. 5.9 Cracking
Perform in accordance with GB4689.7.
When the sample is placed, the surface layer faces upward and the base layer is in contact with the steel ball. Record the load when the sample is stretched to 7.0mm and the stretch height when the surface cracks or breaks.
The test results are expressed as the arithmetic mean of the test results of each group of samples, accurate to 1 N and 0.1mm. 5.10 Folding fastness
Perform in accordance with GB4689.9.
5.10.1Cut two groups of samples according to Figure 1, 3 pieces in each group, and fold the surface layer of the sample inward. Fold the two groups of samples at (23±2)℃ for 500,000 times and at -10℃ for 25,000 times, and then use a 6x magnifying glass to observe the changes in the folded part. 5.10.2 Result judgment
Grade 5 There is no crack between the surface layer and the base layer.
There are slight cracks in the surface layer and the base layer.
The base layer is slightly exposed, and cracks occur in the non-woven fabric layer. Level 3
Level 2 Cracks appear in the non-woven fabric layer, and cracks appear in the continuous microporous layer. Level 1, the surface layer and the base layer are partially broken. The result judgment diagram is shown in Figure 3.
Fur surface finishing layer
Continuous microporous layer
Non-woven fabric layer
Figure 3 Schematic diagram for judging the folding fastness results
5.11 Surface color fastness
According to the provisions of GB3920, the lowest level of the test results of each group of samples is expressed respectively. 5.11.1 Thousand friction
According to Figure 1, 3 pieces of 220mm×25mm samples are cut, the test load is 1.96N, the reciprocating speed is 30 times/min, the number of frictions is 100 times, and the grade is determined according to GB251.
5.11.2 Wet friction
After soaking the white cotton cloth in distilled water for 10 minutes, conduct the test according to 5.11.1 and determine the grade. 5.11.3 Sweat friction
5.11.3.1 Preparation of artificial sweat
Sodium hydrogen phosphate (12 parts of crystal water) 8g; sodium chloride (chemically pure) 8g;
Acetic acid (chemically pure) 5g.
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Dissolve the above reagents in distilled water to make 1L solution, which is artificial sweat. 5.11.3.2 After soaking the white cotton cloth in artificial sweat for 10 minutes, conduct the test according to 5.11.1 and determine the grade. 5.12 Moisture Permeability
5.12.1 Apparatus
a moisture permeability test chamber with air circulation device; moisture permeability cup, moisture permeability area is 10.179cm2; b.
analytical balance with a sensitivity of 0.1mg.
5.12.2 Samples Cut 3 samples with a diameter of 57mm as shown in Figure 1. 5.12.3 Test steps
Put about 20g of calcium chloride with a particle size of 2.5~3.5mm in the moisture permeability cup, put the sample surface layer downward into the moisture permeability cup, tighten the cup cover, weigh it, and put it into the moisture permeability test chamber at (30±1)℃ and relative humidity of 80%±5%. After 1 hour, take out the moisture permeability cup and weigh it immediately. After weighing, put it back into the test chamber, weigh it once every hour, and weigh it three times continuously, with an accuracy of 0.1mg. 5.12.4 Test results
Calculate the moisture permeability according to formula (2), take the arithmetic mean of the test results of 3 samples, accurate to 0.1mg. P= (m= mo) + (m2=m) + (m. = m)3A
Wherein: P
Moisture permeability, mg/(cm2h);
The mass of the first weighing cup and sample, mg, the mass of the second weighing cup and sample, mg; the mass of the third weighing cup and sample, mg; the mass of the fourth weighing cup and sample, mg, the moisture permeability area of the sample, 10.179cm2.
5.13 Water resistance
5.13.1 Device
The water resistance device is shown in Figure 4;
The scale value of the liquid pressure gauge is 0.1kPa, and the minimum pressure value of the level device should be greater than 15kPa. b.
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of water resistance device
1 Fluid pressure gauge; 2-leveling device; 3-water; 4-hose, 5-pressure ring, 6-sample, 7-water container
5.13.2 Test steps
......(2)
Cut 3 samples of 60mm according to the provisions of Figure 1, and place them under the pressure ring of the water resistance tester shown in Figure 4 with the surface layer facing down. The lower surface of the sample is immersed in water, and the immersed surface is a 50mm circle. Pour water into the leveling device at a speed of 10mm/s. When the water pressure reaches 14.7kPa, stop pouring water. After 1 minute, visually test whether there are water drops on the upper surface of the sample. The sample without water drops is qualified. 5.14 Water absorption
5.14.1 Test device
Glass water absorption dish as shown in Figure 5.
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5.14.2 Test steps
QB1646-92
Figure 5 Schematic diagram of water absorption III
Pour distilled water into the water absorption dish A to the zero scale, and place the water absorption dish flat on the workbench. Weigh the (70±$2) mm sample, put the sample surface upward into the water absorption blood B, and slowly lift the ball A to make the distilled water completely immerse the sample. Cover the surface blood on the III port. Leave it for 24h. Move the water to A, and read the scale value after 1min. Do two parallel tests and a blank test at the same time. 5.14.3 Calculation of results
Calculate according to formula (3), take the arithmetic mean of the test results of the two test pieces, accurate to 0.1%. Q-=×100
Where: Q-
Water absorption, %;
Water absorption of the sample after immersion for a specified time, mL; Water loss of blank test, mL;
Mass of the sample before immersion, g.
5.15 Heat-resistant adhesion
5.15.1 Apparatus
(3)
Two 60mm×90mm samples are sandwiched between two 60mm×60mm glass sheets with their surface layers facing each other. Then, a magnetic code with a bottom length and width of 60mm and a mass of 3kg is used to align the four sides of the glass and press it on the glass. Place them together in a blast thermostatic box at (100±2)°C for 1 hour, then take them out, remove the code, and place them at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, gently open the matched samples by hand. 5.15.2 Result judgment
No change in the surface layer
Slight change in gloss and surface shape
Change in gloss and surface shape
Damage on the surface finishing layer
Damage below the surface layer
Expressed as the lowest level of the test results of the three groups of samples. 6 Inspection rules
6.1 Batch
Products are inspected in batches. Synthetic leather produced with the same raw materials, formula and process is considered a batch. The quantity of each batch shall not exceed 10,000 m2
6.2 Factory inspection
The factory inspection items are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. 6.3 Type inspection
Type inspection includes all items in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. Type inspection is carried out in any of the following cases: trial production and identification of new products or old products transferred to the factory for production; a.
b. After formal production, when there are major changes in structure, materials and processes; after three months of normal production;
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e. When the national quality supervision agency proposes the requirement for type inspection. 6.4 Sampling
A random sampling method is adopted.
Specifications and appearance are carried out in accordance with the provisions of Table 2 and Table 3 in GB2828. The physical and mechanical properties are tested in batches, and one roll is randomly selected from each batch for inspection.
6.5 Judgment rules
6.5.1 Judgment of sample unit quality
Specifications and appearance are inspected in accordance with the requirements of 4.1 and 4.2. If all items are qualified, the sample unit is qualified. 6.5.2 Determination of qualified batches
Specifications and appearance shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Table 2 and Table 3 of GB2828, and a normal sampling plan shall be adopted, with a general inspection level of 1 and an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 6.5.
Physical and mechanical properties test results. If there are unqualified items, double samples shall be taken from the original batch again, and the unqualified items shall be re-tested. If all the re-test results are qualified, the entire batch shall be qualified. 6.5.3 Determination of product quality grade shall be determined according to the lowest grade of all test results. 7 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
7.1 Marking
7.1.1 Each roll of product shall have a grade mark stamp, and the joint of two sections shall have a special inspection stamp. 7. 1.2
Product packaging boxes shall have the following marks.
Product name, standard number:
Product specifications, quantity, batch number;
Trademark;
Product grade;
Manufacturer name and address;
Packing date;
Box size,
Anti-pressure, anti-moisture and other signs.
7.2 Packaging
Inner packaging is plastic bags, tied at both ends, and outer packaging is corrugated paper boxes or packaged according to user requirements. 7.3 Transportation
The product should be transported with care, not exposed to the sun and rain, and the packaging should be kept intact. 7.4 Storage
The product should be stored in a well-ventilated warehouse, which should be moisture-proof, anti-extrusion, anti-mildew, and away from heat sources. The product has a storage period of one year from the date of production.
Additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of the Ministry of Light Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Plastic Products Standardization Center. This standard was drafted by Yantai Synthetic Leather General Factory and the Plastic Processing Applied Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Light Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Shan Qing, Wu Xiaobing, Zeng Xinrong and Ding Chunhua. This standard adopts the Japanese Industrial Standard JISK6601-1976 (84) "Synthetic leather for shoe uppers". 385
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