Some standard content:
Light Industry Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Alumina-Si-Mg-Steel
1 Subject content and scope of application
QB/T 1683-1993
This standard specifies the terminology, product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of alumina-si-Mg-Steel:
This standard applies to stems with aluminum, silicon and magnesium as the main components, and diopside and chalcanthite as the main mineral phases, used for firing ceramic products. 2 Reference standards
B/T 2828
GB/T 2829
GB/T 2997
GB/T 3300
G3/T 3301
GBT3303
GB/r 4741
GB/T 5988
3/T 7322
QB/T1321
YB/T 370
3 Terminology
3.1 Color difference
Count sampling procedure and sampling table for batch inspection (applicable to inspection of continuous batches)Count sampling procedure and sampling table for periodic inspection (applicable to inspection of stability of production process)Test methods for apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsTest methods for deformation of daily-use ceramics
Determination methods for volume, diameter error, height error, weight error and defect size of daily-use ceramicsTerminology for defects in daily-use ceramics
Determination method for flexural strength of daily-use ceramics
Test method for linear change of dense shaped refractory products after reburningTest method for refractoriness of refractory materials
Determination method for average linear thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic insulation materialsTest method for softening temperature under load
Inconsistent surface color.
3.2 Overburning
Exceeding the specified firing temperature during the firing process 3.3 Underburning
Lower than the specified firing temperature during the firing process. 3.4 Thickness difference
Thickness is not enough.
3.5 CrackbzxZ.net
Cracks of varying sizes and lengths.
3.6 Deformation
Shape that does not conform to the design requirements.
3.7 Pimple
Granular or strip-shaped protrusions on the surface.
3.8 Melt hole
Holes formed by the melting of fusible materials during the firing process. Approved by the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China on March 28, 1993 444
All kinds of marking industry information free download
1993-10-01 implementation
3.9 Other defect terms shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T3303. 4 Product classification
QB/T 1683-1993
According to the use of the product, it can be divided into bowls, plates, pots, cups, bottles and other types of saggers. 4.7
According to the chemical composition of the product, it can be divided into ASM-1 and ASM-2. The chemical composition is shown in Table 1. Table 1
≥>55. 0
Scientific and quantitative,
K,O+Na20
4.3According to the specifications of the product, it can be divided into small (diameter less than 240mm), medium (diameter between 240 and 340mm), and large (diameter greater than 340 mm).
Technical requirements
The appearance quality of the toilet bowl should meet the requirements of Table 2. Table 2
Defect name
Under-burning, crack through, notch
Unevenness
Thickness difference
Crack (length)
String grinding (diameter)
Process standard production
Product specification
Allowable range
Not obvious
Not serious
Not allowed
Not exceeding 0.5% of the mouth
Not exceeding 1.0% of the mouth weight
Not exceeding 1.5% of the diameter
cm, the length of the crack at the bottom of the mouth shall not exceed 30
, the length of the hub mark at the mouth edge shall not exceed Pa
, the length of the crack at the mouth edge shall not exceed 60
Not allowed at the bottom. Other parts with a width greater than 0.5 are not allowed to be small
other parts are not greater than 5. Limited to 3
other parts are not greater than 5. Limited to 4
other parts are not greater than 5. Limited to 5
the inner surface and the contact surface between the lead and the bottom (shoulder) of the bowl mouth are not allowed to be various types
this standard industry bath material high safety
the vertical length does not exceed 5. The depth does not exceed 2
QB/T1683-1993
5.2 The physical performance indicators of the sagger should meet the requirements of Table 3. Table 3
room temperature bending
apparent porosity
heavy burning line
bulk density
5.3 The diameter, height and weight errors of the sagger should meet the requirements of Table 4. Table 4
Diameter error
Height error
Weight error
6 Test methods
6.1 Diameter deformation shall be measured in accordance with GB/T3300. 6.2
Thickness difference shall be measured with a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.05mm. Thermal stability
(expressed as bending
strength retention
rate), %
Product specifications
6.3 Diameter error, height error, weight error shall be measured in accordance with GB/T3301. 6.4
Bottom unevenness shall be measured in accordance with Appendix B (supplement) of this standard. 800℃ expansion
≤3.5×10-6
≤4.0×10
Refractory
≥1 580
≥1 650
Softening under load
Allowable range
Bending strength at room temperature shall be determined in accordance with GB/T4741. Sample preparation shall be in accordance with Appendix C (Supplement) of this standard. 6.5
Apparent porosity and bulk density shall be determined in accordance with GB/T2997. 6.7
Recalculated line change shall be determined in accordance with GB/T5988. 6.8Thermal stability shall be determined in accordance with Appendix A (Supplement) of this standard. 6.9
Linear expansion coefficient shall be determined in accordance with QB/T1321. 6.10Refractoriness shall be determined in accordance with GB/T7322. 6.11 The determination of refractoriness under load shall be carried out in accordance with YB/T370. The preparation of the specimen shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C (supplement) of this standard. 7 Inspection rules
Product inspection is divided into factory inspection and type inspection, and the number of unqualified products per hundred units (piece method) is used for inspection. Each batch of products shall be inspected and qualified by the inspection department of the manufacturer before it can be shipped out of the factory, and documents proving the qualified quality of the products must be attached when leaving the factory. 7.1 Delivery inspection
7.1.1 The delivery inspection items are the contents specified in 5.1 and 5.3. 7.1.2 The delivery inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2828. The classification of unqualified items, qualified quality level, inspection level and sampling plan of each inspection item are shown in Table 5.
Inspection items
Diameter error
Height error
Weight error
Unqualified classification
QB/T 1683- 1993
Qualified quality level
7.1.3 Formation of product batches: The inspected products are formed into batches according to varieties and specifications. 7.1.4 Samples are drawn randomly.
Inspection level
General inspection level]
7.1.5 If any of the items in the inspection is unqualified, the product is judged to be unqualified. 7.1.6 If it is judged to be an unqualified batch after inspection, the batch of products can be submitted for inspection again after rework by the delivery party. 7.2 Type inspection
Type inspection is conducted every six months. Type inspection must also be conducted in any of the following circumstances. When the product raw material formula is changed;
When the production process method is changed and may affect the product performance;
When the production is resumed after stopping production for more than 6 months;
When an accident occurs in the production process;
When the factory inspection result is significantly different from the last type inspection result;
When the superior quality supervision agency proposes a type inspection requirement. The type inspection items are all the contents of the technical requirements of this standard. Sampling plan
Starting from the normal inspection, the samples for type inspection shall be drawn from the qualified products inspected by the inspection department of the manufacturer according to the transfer rules. Type inspection shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2829. The classification of unqualified products, unqualified quality level, discrimination level and sampling plan for each inspection item are shown in Table 6.
Quasi-heating net
Concept standard line material labor cost factors
Inspection items
Diameter error
Height error
Weight error
Reburning line change
Apparent porosity
Volume density
Refractory
Linear expansion coefficient
Load softening temperature
Bending strength at room temperature
Thermal stability
Unqualified classification
QB/T1683—1993
Unqualified quality level
Discrimination level
7.2.5 If any of the inspection items is unqualified, the product type inspection is judged to be unqualified. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Each product must be marked by the manufacturing unit. 8.2 Products must be packed and accompanied by product certificates before leaving the factory. 8.3 The product storage room should be kept dry and clean, and the products must not be exposed to rain or moisture. 448
Quasi-thermal solid mesh
Standard material labor factor
Sampling plan
Sample size
m=2 n2—2
nm=2 nz±2
n2 m2+=2
(Every 6 test bars
compose a sample)
ni=2 nz=-2
(Every 6 test bars
compose a sample)
A1 Method Overview
QB/T1683—1993
Appendix A
Test method for thermal stability of pottery
(Supplement)
Under the test conditions specified in this method, the thermal stability of the product is measured by the strength retention rate after the sample is subjected to one heat exchange in water from 850℃ to 20℃.
A2 Instruments and Equipment
A2.1 Heating Furnace
The furnace temperature can reach above 850℃. After the sample is loaded, it can be heated to 850℃ within 5 minutes, and the temperature difference can be controlled within ±15℃. a.
b. The furnace can accommodate at least 6 samples for heating at the same time. The temperature distribution in the furnace is uniform, ensuring that the temperature difference between the heated end faces of each sample is less than 15℃. c.
A2.2 Thermocouple, millivoltmeter.
A2.3 The flowing water tank can accommodate at least 6 samples for rapid cooling at the same time, and ensure that the temperature of the outflowing water is not more than 30℃ higher than the temperature of the inflowing water. A2.4 Drying Oven: Electric drying oven equipped with a temperature regulator. A2.5 Caliper: Vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.05mm. A2.6 Testing Machine: Same as the bending strength testing machine. A3 Specimen
Specimen preparation shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix C (supplement) of this standard. A4 Determination steps
A4.1 The prepared specimen is dried and fired together with the sagger. After the kiln is opened, it can be measured after cooling to room temperature. If the specimen is damp or has been opened for many days, it must be dried at (110±5)°C for 2 hours (or dried to constant weight at a higher temperature). Then cool naturally to room temperature. A4.2 Heat the heating furnace to 850°C, keep it warm for 15 minutes, and then quickly extend the specimen into the furnace hall, so that the specimen is about 50mm away from the inside of the furnace door, and the specimen is evenly heated. The specimens shall not be stacked. After the specimen is put into the furnace, the furnace temperature shall not drop by more than 50°C. A4.3 After the sample is put into the furnace, the furnace temperature is quickly restored to 850℃ within 5 minutes, and the furnace temperature is continuously controlled within the range of (850±15)℃ and maintained for 20 minutes
A4.4 After the heat preservation is completed, take out the sample immediately and quickly immerse it in running water at (20±2)℃ to a depth of about 50mm. A4.5 After the sample is rapidly cooled in running cold water for 3 minutes, take it out and dry it with a towel. A4.6 The sample is dried in a drying oven, dried at (110±5)℃ to constant weight, cooled naturally to room temperature, and then the bending strength is measured. A5 Calculation and expression of results
A5.1 The average value of 6 samples (relative deviation is not more than 10%) is taken as the bending strength of the sample after heat exchange. A5.2 Calculation of thermal stability (expressed as the bending strength retention rate of the sample). Ph =
Strength retention rate, %;
Wherein: Ph
=×100
Average bending strength of the sample at room temperature after one heat exchange, MPa; Average bending strength of the sample at room temperature without heat exchange, MPa. P
Quasi-heat solid network
QB/T1683--1993
Appendix B
Method for determining the unevenness of the bottom of the sagger
(Supplement)
During the manufacturing and use of the sagger, the bottom will gradually deform and affect the quality of the fired product. This deformation phenomenon of the bottom of the sagger is called the bottom unevenness.
The method for determining the unevenness of the bottom of the sagger is to place the sagger to be tested on a plane, place a ruler of equal length or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sagger flat on the bottom of the sagger, and use another ruler with a scale to be perpendicular to the bottom of the sagger, and use the ruler with a scale to measure the maximum distance between the horizontal ruler and the bottom of the sagger. This value is the flatness of the bottom of the sagger. Appendix C
Preparation method of room temperature bending strength and load softening temperature samples (supplement)
The sagger is a hollow thin-walled refractory product. The samples of room temperature bending strength and high temperature load softening temperature cannot be cut from the product. They are all made of formula sagger mud and process. The strength sample is hand-printed with a copper mold. The sample size is 170mm×5mm×25mm. The number of samples for determination is specified to be 6. There must be no cracks on the surface of the sample, otherwise it must be prepared separately. The prepared sample is dried and fired together with the product for testing.
The load softening temperature specimen is hand-printed with a plaster mold. The specimen size is a 36mm×50mm cylinder. The upper and lower bottom surfaces must be ground flat, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main axis. After the specimen is dried, it is fired together with the product for testing. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of the Ministry of Light Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Ceramic Standardization Center. This standard is drafted by the Ceramic Industry Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Light Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Qingling, Zheng Kedun, and Huang Cai'e. From the date of implementation of this standard, the original Ministry of Light Industry standard QB903--1983 "Aluminum Silicon Magnesium Ceramics" will be invalid. 4.50
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b. The furnace can accommodate at least 6 specimens for simultaneous heating. The temperature distribution in the furnace is uniform, ensuring that the temperature difference between the heated end faces of each specimen is less than 15°C. c.
A2.2 Thermocouple, millivoltmeter.
A2.3 The flow water tank can accommodate at least 6 specimens for simultaneous rapid cooling, and ensure that the temperature of the outflowing water is no more than 30°C higher than the temperature of the inflowing water. A2.4 Drying oven: an electric drying oven equipped with a temperature regulator. A2.5 Caliper: a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.05mm. A2.6 Testing machine: the same as the testing machine for measuring bending strength. A3 Test specimens
The preparation of the test specimens shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix C (supplement) of this standard. A4 Determination steps
A4.1 The prepared sample is dried and fired together with the sagger. After the kiln is opened, it can be measured after cooling to room temperature. If the sample is damp or has been opened for many days, it must be dried at (110±5)°C for 2 hours (or dried to constant weight at a higher temperature). Then cool naturally to room temperature. A4.2 Raise the heating furnace to 850°C, keep it warm for 15 minutes, and then quickly extend the sample into the furnace hall, so that the sample is about 50mm away from the inside of the furnace door, and the sample is evenly heated. The samples shall not be stacked. After the sample is put into the furnace, the furnace temperature shall not drop by more than 50°C. A4.3 After the sample is put into the furnace, the furnace temperature shall be quickly restored to 850°C within 5 minutes, and the furnace temperature shall continue to be controlled within the range of (850±15)°C and maintained for 20 minutes
A4.4 After the insulation is completed, take out the sample immediately and quickly immerse it in running water at (20±2)°C to a depth of about 50mm. A4.5 The sample is rapidly cooled in running cold water for 3 minutes, then taken out and dried with a towel. A4.6 The sample is dried in a drying oven, dried at (110 ± 5) C to constant weight, cooled naturally to room temperature, and then the bending strength is measured. A5 Calculation and expression of results
A5.1 The average value of 6 samples (relative deviation is not more than 10%) is taken as the bending strength of the sample after heat exchange. A5.2 Calculation of thermal stability (expressed as the bending strength retention rate of the sample). Ph =
Strength retention rate, %;
Where: Ph
=×100
-average bending strength of the sample at room temperature after one heat exchange, MPa; average bending strength of the sample at room temperature without heat exchange, MPa. P
Quasi-heat solid network
QB/T1683--1993
Appendix B
Method for determining the unevenness of the bottom of the sagger
(Supplement)
During the manufacturing and use of the sagger, the bottom will gradually deform and affect the quality of the fired products. This deformation phenomenon of the bottom of the sagger is called the bottom unevenness.
The method for determining the unevenness of the bottom of the sagger is to place the sagger to be tested on a plane, place a ruler with a length equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sagger flat on the bottom of the sagger, and use another ruler with a scale perpendicular to the bottom of the sagger, and use the ruler with a scale to measure the maximum distance between the horizontal ruler and the bottom of the sagger. This value is the flatness of the bottom of the sagger. Appendix C
Preparation method of room temperature bending strength and load softening temperature samples (supplement)
Saggers are hollow thin-walled refractory products. The room temperature bending strength and high temperature load softening temperature samples cannot be cut from the product. They are all made of formula sagger mud and process. The strength sample is hand-printed with a copper mold. The sample size is 170mm×5mm×25mm. The number of samples for measurement is specified to be 6. There must be no cracks on the surface of the sample, otherwise it must be prepared separately. The prepared sample is dried and fired with the product for testing.
The load softening temperature sample is hand-printed with a plaster mold. The sample size is a 36mm×50mm cylinder. The upper and lower bottom surfaces must be ground flat, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main axis. After the sample is dried, it is fired with the product for testing. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of the Ministry of Light Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Ceramic Standardization Center. This standard was drafted by the Ceramic Industry Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Light Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Qingling, Zheng Kedun and Huang Cai'e. From the date of implementation of this standard, the former Ministry of Light Industry standard QB903--1983 "Aluminum Silicon Magnesium Ceramics" will be invalid. 4.50
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b. The furnace can accommodate at least 6 specimens for simultaneous heating. The temperature distribution in the furnace is uniform, ensuring that the temperature difference between the heated end faces of each specimen is less than 15°C. c.
A2.2 Thermocouple, millivoltmeter.
A2.3 The flow water tank can accommodate at least 6 specimens for simultaneous rapid cooling, and ensure that the temperature of the outflowing water is no more than 30°C higher than the temperature of the inflowing water. A2.4 Drying oven: an electric drying oven equipped with a temperature regulator. A2.5 Caliper: a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.05mm. A2.6 Testing machine: the same as the testing machine for measuring bending strength. A3 Test specimens
The preparation of the test specimens shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix C (supplement) of this standard. A4 Determination steps
A4.1 The prepared sample is dried and fired together with the sagger. After the kiln is opened, it can be measured after cooling to room temperature. If the sample is damp or has been opened for many days, it must be dried at (110±5)°C for 2 hours (or dried to constant weight at a higher temperature). Then cool naturally to room temperature. A4.2 Raise the heating furnace to 850°C, keep it warm for 15 minutes, and then quickly extend the sample into the furnace hall, so that the sample is about 50mm away from the inside of the furnace door, and the sample is evenly heated. The samples shall not be stacked. After the sample is put into the furnace, the furnace temperature shall not drop by more than 50°C. A4.3 After the sample is put into the furnace, the furnace temperature shall be quickly restored to 850°C within 5 minutes, and the furnace temperature shall continue to be controlled within the range of (850±15)°C and maintained for 20 minutes
A4.4 After the insulation is completed, take out the sample immediately and quickly immerse it in running water at (20±2)°C to a depth of about 50mm. A4.5 The sample is rapidly cooled in running cold water for 3 minutes, then taken out and dried with a towel. A4.6 The sample is dried in a drying oven, dried at (110 ± 5) C to constant weight, cooled naturally to room temperature, and then the bending strength is measured. A5 Calculation and expression of results
A5.1 The average value of 6 samples (relative deviation is not more than 10%) is taken as the bending strength of the sample after heat exchange. A5.2 Calculation of thermal stability (expressed as the bending strength retention rate of the sample). Ph =
Strength retention rate, %;
Where: Ph
=×100
-average bending strength of the sample at room temperature after one heat exchange, MPa; average bending strength of the sample at room temperature without heat exchange, MPa. P
Quasi-heat solid network
QB/T1683--1993
Appendix B
Method for determining the unevenness of the bottom of the sagger
(Supplement)
During the manufacturing and use of the sagger, the bottom will gradually deform and affect the quality of the fired products. This deformation phenomenon of the bottom of the sagger is called the bottom unevenness.
The method for determining the unevenness of the bottom of the sagger is to place the sagger to be tested on a plane, place a ruler with a length equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sagger flat on the bottom of the sagger, and use another ruler with a scale perpendicular to the bottom of the sagger, and use the ruler with a scale to measure the maximum distance between the horizontal ruler and the bottom of the sagger. This value is the flatness of the bottom of the sagger. Appendix C
Preparation method of room temperature bending strength and load softening temperature samples (supplement)
Saggers are hollow thin-walled refractory products. The room temperature bending strength and high temperature load softening temperature samples cannot be cut from the product. They are all made of formula sagger mud and process. The strength sample is hand-printed with a copper mold. The sample size is 170mm×5mm×25mm. The number of samples for measurement is specified to be 6. There must be no cracks on the surface of the sample, otherwise it must be prepared separately. The prepared sample is dried and fired with the product for testing.
The load softening temperature sample is hand-printed with a plaster mold. The sample size is a 36mm×50mm cylinder. The upper and lower bottom surfaces must be ground flat, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main axis. After the sample is dried, it is fired with the product for testing. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of the Ministry of Light Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Ceramic Standardization Center. This standard was drafted by the Ceramic Industry Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Light Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Qingling, Zheng Kedun and Huang Cai'e. From the date of implementation of this standard, the former Ministry of Light Industry standard QB903--1983 "Aluminum Silicon Magnesium Ceramics" will be invalidated. 4.50
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Four umbrella yuan standard industry dumpling science force six
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