NY/T 5174-2002 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free litchi food
Some standard content:
ICS 65.020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5174—2002
Pollution-free food
Issued on 2002-07-25
Technical Specification for Litchi Production
Implemented on 2002-09-01
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5174-2002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Former
The drafting units of this standard are: Tropical Horticulture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, College of Horticulture of South China University of Tropical Agriculture, Department of Agriculture of Guangdong Province, Department of Agriculture of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
The main drafters of this standard are: Cai Shengzhong, Li Shaopeng, Liu Debing, Wang Jiabao, Jiang Chengdong, Gao Aiping, Chen Yeyuan, Wei Shouxing, Zuo Xuan, Zeng Lian, Li Biao, and Lu Yeling.
1 Scope
Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Food Lychee
NY/T 5174—2002
This standard specifies the production techniques for the production of pollution-free food lychee (Litchichinensis Sonn.), including site selection and planning, variety selection and planting, soil management, fertilizer management, water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit management, pest and disease control and harvesting. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free food lychee in all lychee producing areas across the country. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides NY/T227 Microbial Fertilizers
NY/T394 Guidelines for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers
NY5023 Environmental Conditions for the Production Area of Tropical Fruits with Pollution-free Food 3 Site Selection and Planning
3.1 Site Selection
In addition to complying with the relevant provisions of NY5023, choose a site with rich organic matter, strong water and fertilizer retention, good drainage, groundwater level that can drop below 1m, open and sunny, and sheltered from wind and cold. In frost-prone areas, avoid building a site in the northwest direction and in low-lying valleys that are prone to cold air. 3.2 Site Planning
3.2.1 A protective forest belt should be built around the site, and the tree species used should not have the same major diseases and pests as litchi. 3.2.2 Divide the garden into several plots according to the topography. The area of the plot in the gentle land should be 3hm2~8hm2; the area of the plot in the hilly and mountainous land should be 1hm2~2hm. Avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same plot. 3.2.3 Establish a drainage and irrigation system and a complete road system based on the scale of the garden, the topography and the terrain. 3.2.4 Plant along the contour lines in the hilly and mountainous land, and do not plant on slopes greater than 20°4 Variety selection and planting
4.1 Variety selection
Choose varieties that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, high quality, high yield, stable yield, strong resistance, good commerciality, and suitable for market demand. 4.2 Planting
4.2.1 Planting season:
Spring planting, autumn planting.
4.2.2 Planting method and density
Wide rows and narrow plants or nearly square planting. Determine the planting density according to the environmental conditions of the garden, the characteristics of the variety, the level of cultivation and management, etc. The general spacing between rows and plants is (4 m~～5 m)X(5 m～6 m).
NY/T 5174—2002
5 Soil management
5.1 Expand the holes, deep turn over and improve the soil
After the autumn shoots mature, dig a strip ditch about 60 cm deep and 50 cm wide around the drip line of the crown. Every year, press 50kg～100kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, wild green manure, weeds, leaves and soil fertilizers, 1kg of superphosphate, and 0.5kg of living lime in areas with high acidity. The soil dug out during deep turning is piled up in layers. When backfilling, first fill the surface soil to the root distribution layer, and press the bottom soil on the surface layer. Complete the expansion of holes, deep turn over and improve the soil in the whole garden within 3 to 4 years.
5.2 Soil Cover
1-2 years after planting, cover the tree trunk with grass, with a thickness of 15cm-20cm. Interplant short-term green manure, forage, leguminous crops or grass between rows. The interplanted material should be more than 1m away from the base of the litchi tree, and there is no fierce competition for fertilizer, water and light with the litchi, and there are no common major diseases and insect pests. 5.3 Intertillage, Weeding and Mounding
Weeds in the garden should be controlled by manual, mechanical or microbial herbicides or chemical herbicides recommended in this standard. Combined with fertilization, intertillage, weeding and mounding should be carried out 2-3 times a year.
6 Fertilization Management
Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is the auxiliary fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are coordinated, the use of fertilizers shall refer to the provisions of NY/T394, and the use of microbial fertilizers shall refer to the provisions of NY/T227. It is advisable to adopt nutritional diagnosis and balanced fertilization, and timely fertilization should be carried out according to the fertility of the garden and the growth and development needs of litchi. In areas where trace elements are deficient in the soil, the types and quantities of topdressing should be increased according to the deficiency. The fertilization site is near the drip line of the tree crown. Organic fertilizer should be applied deep in the form of trenches, with a depth and width of 40cm to 50cm; chemical fertilizer should be applied shallowly in trenches and covered with soil, with a depth of about 10cm and a width of about 20cm. 6.1 Fertilization of young trees
6.1.1 Basal fertilizer
Dig holes and apply basal fertilizer 1 to 2 months before planting. The conventional planting hole is (80cm~100cm)×80cm×80cm, and the amount of basal fertilizer applied per hole refers to 5.1.
6.1.2 Topdressing
After planting, topdressing begins when the first new shoot matures and the second new shoot sprouts. Generally, "one shoot and two fertilizers" are adopted, and application is made once when the top buds of the Lang branch sprout and when the new shoot elongation basically stops and the leaf color turns from red to green. The fertilizer nutrient ratio is N:P,Os:K,0=1:(0.3~0.5):(0.4~0.8). Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant in the first year is 20~25g of urea, or 25g~30g of compound fertilizer, or 2kg~3kg of diluted manure and urine. The amount of fertilizer applied will be increased accordingly from the second year, and will increase by about 50%~100% compared with the previous year. 6.2 Fertilization of fruit trees
Generally, 1.2kg~3.5kg of pure nitrogen, 0.7kg~1.9kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.5kg~3.5kg of potassium oxide are required to produce 50kg of fresh fruit. The nutrient ratio is N:P,Os:K2O=1:(0.3~~0.6):(1~1.5). Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and fertilization is mainly divided into three periods throughout the year.
6.2.1 Fertilizer before flowering
Apply once before and after autumn shoots mature and stabilize and flower buds differentiate, with nitrogen and potassium accounting for 25% to 30% of the annual application amount, and phosphorus accounting for 30% to 40% of the annual application amount.
6.2.2 Fertilizer for strong fruit
Apply once or twice after the female flowers fade, with nitrogen accounting for 20% to 25% of the annual application amount, potassium accounting for 40% to 50% of the annual application amount, and phosphorus accounting for 35% to 40% of the annual application amount.
6.2.3 Fertilizer for promoting shoots
Apply twice or three times after fruit picking, with nitrogen accounting for 45% to 55% of the annual application amount, potassium accounting for 20% to 35% of the annual application amount, and phosphorus accounting for 20% to 35% of the annual application amount.
6.3 Foliar fertilization
NY/T 5174-2002
During the phenological periods such as the greening period of branches and tips, heading period, flowering period, and young fruit period, foliar fertilization can be used to quickly supplement tree nutrients and prevent nutrient deficiency. The best time for application is in the morning or evening, and the application site is mainly on the back of the leaves. Commonly used fertilizer types and concentrations: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%~0.5%, borax (or boric acid), ammonium molybdate 0.05%~0.10%, zinc sulfate 0.1%~0.2%, and nucleotides and litchi fruit-keeping factors approved by the state, etc., with an application interval of 7d~10d. 7 Water management
7.1 Irrigation
During the phenological periods such as the autumn shoot growth period, flower bud differentiation period, flower spike growth period, flowering period, and fruit growth and development period of litchi, timely irrigation should be carried out to keep the soil moist. The irrigation amount should reach 60% to 70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field. In addition to surface irrigation, water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation, hole irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation should be used as much as possible. The quality of irrigation water should meet the requirements of NY5023. 7.2 Drainage
For low-lying or high-groundwater gardens, timely remove excess water in the garden. 8 Shaping and pruning
8.1. Sapling shaping
Generally, multiple main branches are naturally rounded or semi-rounded, and the shape is completed within 2 to 3 years after planting. The trunk height is 40cm to 60cm, and 3 to 4 main branches with even distribution and balanced growth are selected. The angle between the main branch and the main trunk is preferably 45 to 60°. Select 2 to 3 secondary main branches at a distance of 30cm to 40cm from the main trunk for each main branch. Cultivate fruiting branch groups of various levels in sequence according to the cultivation method of secondary main branches, and adjust the growth angle and orientation of branches by pulling, supporting, topping, and hanging. 8.2 Sapling pruning
Pruning and shaping are carried out simultaneously, and methods such as pinching, scissoring, thinning, and bud removal are used to inhibit the growth of branches and promote branching. 8.3 Fruiting tree pruning
Mainly includes pruning after fruit harvesting and pruning during the shoot period. Use thinning, pruning, sprout removal, pinching and other methods to reasonably prune overcrowded branches, shade branches, weak branches, overlapping branches, drooping branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, fallen flowers and fruits branches, dead branches, etc.; try to keep sunny branches, strong branches and well-growing horizontal branches; lateral branches with good positions and a certain amount of space can be appropriately shortened; branches that grow too vigorously can be ring-cut at the base of the branches; aging large branches can be appropriately retracted. 9 Flower and fruit management
9.1 Control winter shoots and promote flowering
Carry out scientific fertilizer and water management to promote the timely maturity of excellent autumn shoots and no longer produce winter shoots. If winter shoots are produced, one or more methods such as sun drying, root cutting, ring cutting, ring tying, manual removal, chemical drug control and killing can be used to strictly control the production of winter shoots. Commonly used drugs for controlling and killing winter shoots are shown in Table 1 or plant growth regulators such as control shoot spirit and killing shoot spirit produced in batches by the state can be used. Table 1 Commonly used plant growth regulators for pollution-free litchi and their use methods Name
Ethyleneconazole + ethephon
Paclobutrazol
Paclobutrazol + ethephon
Naphthylacetic acid + ethephon
Dinihydrazide + ethephon
9.2 Create good pollination conditions
Main function
Kill winter shoots
Kill winter shoots
Kill flower spikes
Control and kill winter shoots
Effective ingredients and use methods
52 mg/kg～104 mg/kg Spray
200 mg/kg~400 mg/kg Spray
318.8mg/kg425mg/kg Spray
83.3mg/kg~100 mg/kg spray
240mg/kg~400mg/kg spray
In the flowering period, measures such as releasing bees, artificial assisted pollination, shaking flowers after rain, spraying water in the orchard and irrigating water in hot and dry weather are adopted. 243
NY/T5174—2002
9.3 Flower thinning
For varieties with large flower volume, thin out or shorten the flower spikes when the flower spikes grow 5cm~10cm, or spray 150mg/L~300mg/L of ethephon to change the long flower spikes into short flower spikes and increase the proportion of female flowers; and determine the number of flowers to be left on each branch according to the tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 1000~1500 flowers.
9.4 Fruit thinning
For plants with excessive fruit production, artificial fruit thinning is carried out after the second physiological fruit drop. Remove small fruits, deformed fruits and overly scattered fruits, and determine the number of fruits left on each branch based on tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 20 to 30 normal small fruits. 9.5 Plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits
The commonly used plant growth regulators and their use methods are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as nucleotides and litchi fruit-protecting agents approved by the state can be selected. When using plant growth regulators, follow the concentration, use methods and requirements specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden to use plant growth regulators that have not been approved, registered and produced by the state. 9.6 Bagging
35d to 40d before litchi fruit is harvested, the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized, and the fruits are covered with special fruit bags. 10 Disease and pest control
10.1 Prevention and control principles
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and adhere to the harmless management principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
10.2 Agricultural prevention and control
10.2.1 Select high-resistance, multi-resistance or disease- and insect-resistant varieties according to local conditions. 10.2.2 Regionalize varieties and avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same area. 10.2.3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizers or fully decomposed organic fertilizers, and use less chemical fertilizers to create a good soil structure, increase tree nutrition, and improve disease and insect resistance. 10.2.4 During the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use protective forest belts, nectar plants, intercropping or grass growing techniques to create an ecosystem that is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the growth of diseases and insects, and maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 10.2.5 Strengthen tree management, remove cross branches and overcrowded branches through pruning during the lychee shoot period, flowering and fruiting period, and after fruit picking, and release branches at the right time to make the phenological period uniform and improve the plant's disease and insect resistance. 10.2.6 Remove diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers and fruits and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner, strengthen winter garden cleaning and reduce the source of infection. 10.3 Physical control
10.3.1 Use insect traps, yellow boards, blue boards and white boards to kill pests. 10.3.2 Set up insect-proof nets to isolate and manually kill litchi stink bugs, fruit-sucking armyworms, fruit bats, beetles, etc. 10.3.3 Use fruit bagging technology to prevent and control disease and insect pests. 10.4 Biological control
10.4.1 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 10.4.2 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies and mite-eating mature insects. 10.4.3
Artificially release natural enemies such as flat-bellied wasps and predatory mites. 10.5 Main diseases and pests of litchi
10.5.1 Main diseases in the field: downy mildew, anthracnose, algal spot, leaf spot, sooty mold, acid rot, etc. 10.5.2 Main insect pests in the field: litchi stink bug, pedicle borer, thin mite, leaf thin mosquito, leaf roller, fruit sucking armyworm, thrips, small gray butterfly, turtle back beetle, etc.
The control methods of the main diseases and pests of litchi are shown in Table 2.244
Control targets
Downy mildew
Litchee stink bug
Pestem borer
Leaf fistula mosquito
Name of pesticide
Cymoxanil + mancozeb
Copper hydroxide
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cis Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin+Cypermethrin
High-efficiency cypermethrin trizophos
Cis-cypermethrin
Table 2 List of major pests and diseases of litchi Active ingredients and usage
11030mg/kg~1400mg/kg spray
312.5mg/kg~375mg/kg spray
25 mg/kg~50 mg/kg spraybzxZ.net
1 6. 25 mg/kg~12. 5 mg/kg spray1 20 mg /kg～25 mg/kg spray
261.3mg/kg~522.5mg/kg spray
86.67mg/kg~130mg/kg spray
133.3mg/kg~50mg/kg spray
Leaf roller beto cypermethrin ten octhion 11 harvest
1 110 mg/kg～147 mg/kg spray
NY/T 5174-—2002
Other control methods
Timely pruning after harvest
Winter and spring garden cleaning and disinfection
Release flat-bellied wasps
Manually kill overwintering adults or egg masses
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Protect and utilize natural enemy parasitic wasps
Clean the fields
Winter and spring garden cleaning
Strict quarantine
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Manually remove insect buds and egg masses
Black light trapping
Release corn snail trichogramma
11.1 Harvest in stages when fully mature according to the purpose, market needs and maturity of each variety. --Generally, the fruit peel has basically turned red, the cracks are light green or yellow-green, and the inner peel is still white. 11.2 Avoid mechanical damage and exposure to the sun during the entire harvesting process. Generally, "short-branch fruit picking" is implemented. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny mornings after the dew has dried up or on cloudy days. It should not be carried out on rainy days or under the scorching sun at noon. 11.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 11.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 2453 Fruit tree pruning
Mainly includes pruning after fruit picking and pruning during the shoot period. Use thinning, short pruning, sprout removal, pinching and other methods to reasonably prune overcrowded branches, shade branches, weak branches, overlapping branches, drooping branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, branches with fallen flowers and fruits, dead branches, etc.; try to keep sunny branches, strong branches and well-growing horizontal branches; lateral branches with good positions and a certain space can be appropriately shortened; branches that grow too vigorously can be ring-cut at the base of the branches; aging large branches can be appropriately retracted. 9 Flower and fruit management
9.1 Control winter shoots and promote flowering
Carry out scientific fertilizer and water management to promote the timely aging of excellent autumn shoots and no longer shoot winter shoots. If winter shoots shoot, one or more methods such as sun drying, root cutting, ring cutting, ring tying, manual removal, chemical control and killing can be used to strictly control the shoot of winter shoots. Commonly used drugs for controlling and killing winter shoots are shown in Table 1 or plant growth regulators such as control shoot spirit and kill shoot spirit produced in batches by the state can be used. Table 1 Commonly used plant growth regulators for pollution-free litchi and their use methods Name
Ethyleneconazole + ethephon
Paclobutrazol
Paclobutrazol + ethephon
Naphthylacetic acid + ethephon
Dinihydrazide + ethephon
9.2 Create good pollination conditions
Main function
Kill winter shoots
Kill winter shoots
Kill flower spikes
Control and kill winter shoots
Effective ingredients and use methods
52 mg/kg～104 mg/kg Spray
200 mg/kg~400 mg/kg Spray
318.8mg/kg425mg/kg Spray
83.3mg/kg~100 mg/kg spray
240mg/kg~400mg/kg spray
In the flowering period, measures such as releasing bees, artificial assisted pollination, shaking flowers after rain, spraying water in the orchard and irrigating water in hot and dry weather are adopted. 243
NY/T5174—2002
9.3 Flower thinning
For varieties with large flower volume, thin out or shorten the flower spikes when the flower spikes grow 5cm~10cm, or spray 150mg/L~300mg/L of ethephon to change the long flower spikes into short flower spikes and increase the proportion of female flowers; and determine the number of flowers to be left on each branch according to the tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 1000~1500 flowers.
9.4 Fruit thinning
For plants with excessive fruit production, artificial fruit thinning is carried out after the second physiological fruit drop. Remove small fruits, deformed fruits and overly scattered fruits, and determine the number of fruits left on each branch based on tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 20 to 30 normal small fruits. 9.5 Plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits
The commonly used plant growth regulators and their use methods are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as nucleotides and litchi fruit-protecting agents approved by the state can be selected. When using plant growth regulators, follow the concentration, use methods and requirements specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden to use plant growth regulators that have not been approved, registered and produced by the state. 9.6 Bagging
35d to 40d before litchi fruit is harvested, the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized, and the fruits are covered with special fruit bags. 10 Disease and pest control
10.1 Prevention and control principles
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and adhere to the harmless management principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
10.2 Agricultural prevention and control
10.2.1 Select high-resistance, multi-resistance or disease- and insect-resistant varieties according to local conditions. 10.2.2 Regionalize varieties and avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same area. 10.2.3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizers or fully decomposed organic fertilizers, and use less chemical fertilizers to create a good soil structure, increase tree nutrition, and improve disease and insect resistance. 10.2.4 During the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use protective forest belts, nectar plants, intercropping or grass growing techniques to create an ecosystem that is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the growth of diseases and insects, and maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 10.2.5 Strengthen tree management, remove cross branches and overcrowded branches through pruning during the lychee shoot period, flowering and fruiting period, and after fruit picking, and release branches at the right time to make the phenological period uniform and improve the plant's disease and insect resistance. 10.2.6 Remove diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers and fruits and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner, strengthen winter garden cleaning and reduce the source of infection. 10.3 Physical control
10.3.1 Use insect traps, yellow boards, blue boards and white boards to kill pests. 10.3.2 Set up insect-proof nets to isolate and manually kill litchi stink bugs, fruit-sucking armyworms, fruit bats, beetles, etc. 10.3.3 Use fruit bagging technology to prevent and control disease and insect pests. 10.4 Biological control
10.4.1 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 10.4.2 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies and mite-eating mature insects. 10.4.3
Artificially release natural enemies such as flat-bellied wasps and predatory mites. 10.5 Main diseases and pests of litchi
10.5.1 Main diseases in the field: downy mildew, anthracnose, algal spot, leaf spot, sooty mold, acid rot, etc. 10.5.2 Main insect pests in the field: litchi stink bug, pedicle borer, thin mite, leaf thin mosquito, leaf roller, fruit sucking armyworm, thrips, small gray butterfly, turtle back beetle, etc.
The control methods of the main diseases and pests of litchi are shown in Table 2.244
Control targets
Downy mildew
Litchee stink bug
Pestem borer
Leaf fistula mosquito
Name of pesticide
Cymoxanil + mancozeb
Copper hydroxide
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cis Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin+Cypermethrin
High-efficiency cypermethrin trizophos
Cis-cypermethrin
Table 2 List of major pests and diseases of litchi Active ingredients and usage
11030mg/kg~1400mg/kg spray
312.5mg/kg~375mg/kg spray
25 mg/kg~50 mg/kg spray
1 6. 25 mg/kg~12. 5 mg/kg spray1 20 mg /kg～25 mg/kg spray
261.3mg/kg~522.5mg/kg spray
86.67mg/kg~130mg/kg spray
133.3mg/kg~50mg/kg spray
Leaf roller beto cypermethrin ten octhion 11 harvest
1 110 mg/kg～147 mg/kg spray
NY/T 5174-—2002
Other control methods
Timely pruning after harvest
Winter and spring garden cleaning and disinfection
Release flat-bellied wasps
Manually kill overwintering adults or egg masses
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Protect and utilize natural enemy parasitic wasps
Clean the fields
Winter and spring garden cleaning
Strict quarantine
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Manually remove insect buds and egg masses
Black light trapping
Release corn snail trichogramma
11.1 Harvest in stages when fully mature according to the purpose, market needs and maturity of each variety. --Generally, the fruit peel has basically turned red, the cracks are light green or yellow-green, and the inner peel is still white. 11.2 Avoid mechanical damage and exposure to the sun during the entire harvesting process. Generally, "short-branch fruit picking" is implemented. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny mornings after the dew has dried up or on cloudy days. It should not be carried out on rainy days or under the scorching sun at noon. 11.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 11.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 2453 Fruit tree pruning
Mainly includes pruning after fruit picking and pruning during the shoot period. Use thinning, short pruning, sprout removal, pinching and other methods to reasonably prune overcrowded branches, shade branches, weak branches, overlapping branches, drooping branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, branches with fallen flowers and fruits, dead branches, etc.; try to keep sunny branches, strong branches and well-growing horizontal branches; lateral branches with good positions and a certain space can be appropriately shortened; branches that grow too vigorously can be ring-cut at the base of the branches; aging large branches can be appropriately retracted. 9 Flower and fruit management
9.1 Control winter shoots and promote flowering
Carry out scientific fertilizer and water management to promote the timely aging of excellent autumn shoots and no longer shoot winter shoots. If winter shoots shoot, one or more methods such as sun drying, root cutting, ring cutting, ring tying, manual removal, chemical control and killing can be used to strictly control the shoot of winter shoots. Commonly used drugs for controlling and killing winter shoots are shown in Table 1 or plant growth regulators such as control shoot spirit and kill shoot spirit produced in batches by the state can be used. Table 1 Commonly used plant growth regulators for pollution-free litchi and their use methods Name
Ethyleneconazole + ethephon
Paclobutrazol
Paclobutrazol + ethephon
Naphthylacetic acid + ethephon
Dinihydrazide + ethephon
9.2 Create good pollination conditions
Main function
Kill winter shoots
Kill winter shoots
Kill flower spikes
Control and kill winter shoots
Effective ingredients and use methods
52 mg/kg～104 mg/kg Spray
200 mg/kg~400 mg/kg Spray
318.8mg/kg425mg/kg Spray
83.3mg/kg~100 mg/kg spray
240mg/kg~400mg/kg spray
In the flowering period, measures such as releasing bees, artificial assisted pollination, shaking flowers after rain, spraying water in the orchard and irrigating water in hot and dry weather are adopted. 243
NY/T5174—2002
9.3 Flower thinning
For varieties with large flower volume, thin out or shorten the flower spikes when the flower spikes grow 5cm~10cm, or spray 150mg/L~300mg/L of ethephon to change the long flower spikes into short flower spikes and increase the proportion of female flowers; and determine the number of flowers to be left on each branch according to the tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 1000~1500 flowers.
9.4 Fruit thinning
For plants with excessive fruit production, artificial fruit thinning is carried out after the second physiological fruit drop. Remove small fruits, deformed fruits and overly scattered fruits, and determine the number of fruits left on each branch based on tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 20 to 30 normal small fruits. 9.5 Plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits
The commonly used plant growth regulators and their use methods are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as nucleotides and litchi fruit-protecting agents approved by the state can be selected. When using plant growth regulators, follow the concentration, use methods and requirements specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden to use plant growth regulators that have not been approved, registered and produced by the state. 9.6 Bagging
35d to 40d before litchi fruit is harvested, the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized, and the fruits are covered with special fruit bags. 10 Disease and pest control
10.1 Prevention and control principles
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and adhere to the harmless management principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
10.2 Agricultural prevention and control
10.2.1 Select high-resistance, multi-resistance or disease- and insect-resistant varieties according to local conditions. 10.2.2 Regionalize varieties and avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same area. 10.2.3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizers or fully decomposed organic fertilizers, and use less chemical fertilizers to create a good soil structure, increase tree nutrition, and improve disease and insect resistance. 10.2.4 During the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use protective forest belts, nectar plants, intercropping or grass growing techniques to create an ecosystem that is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the growth of diseases and insects, and maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 10.2.5 Strengthen tree management, remove cross branches and overcrowded branches through pruning during the lychee shoot period, flowering and fruiting period, and after fruit picking, and release branches at the right time to make the phenological period uniform and improve the plant's disease and insect resistance. 10.2.6 Remove diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers and fruits and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner, strengthen winter garden cleaning and reduce the source of infection. 10.3 Physical control
10.3.1 Use insect traps, yellow boards, blue boards and white boards to kill pests. 10.3.2 Set up insect-proof nets to isolate and manually kill litchi stink bugs, fruit-sucking armyworms, fruit bats, beetles, etc. 10.3.3 Use fruit bagging technology to prevent and control disease and insect pests. 10.4 Biological control
10.4.1 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 10.4.2 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies and mite-eating mature insects. 10.4.3
Artificially release natural enemies such as flat-bellied wasps and predatory mites. 10.5 Main diseases and pests of litchi
10.5.1 Main diseases in the field: downy mildew, anthracnose, algal spot, leaf spot, sooty mold, acid rot, etc. 10.5.2 Main insect pests in the field: litchi stink bug, pedicle borer, thin mite, leaf thin mosquito, leaf roller, fruit sucking armyworm, thrips, small gray butterfly, turtle back beetle, etc.
The control methods of the main diseases and pests of litchi are shown in Table 2.244
Control targets
Downy mildew
Litchee stink bug
Pestem borer
Leaf fistula mosquito
Name of pesticide
Cymoxanil + mancozeb
Copper hydroxide
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cis Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin+Cypermethrin
High-efficiency cypermethrin trizophos
Cis-cypermethrin
Table 2 List of major pests and diseases of litchi Active ingredients and usage
11030mg/kg~1400mg/kg spray
312.5mg/kg~375mg/kg spray
25 mg/kg~50 mg/kg spray
1 6. 25 mg/kg~12. 5 mg/kg spray1 20 mg /kg～25 mg/kg spray
261.3mg/kg~522.5mg/kg spray
86.67mg/kg~130mg/kg spray
133.3mg/kg~50mg/kg spray
Leaf roller beto cypermethrin ten octhion 11 harvest
1 110 mg/kg～147 mg/kg spray
NY/T 5174-—2002
Other control methods
Timely pruning after harvest
Winter and spring garden cleaning and disinfection
Release flat-bellied wasps
Manually kill overwintering adults or egg masses
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Protect and utilize natural enemy parasitic wasps
Clean the fields
Winter and spring garden cleaning
Strict quarantine
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Manually remove insect buds and egg masses
Black light trapping
Release corn snail trichogramma
11.1 Harvest in stages when fully mature according to the purpose, market needs and maturity of each variety. --Generally, the fruit peel has basically turned red, the cracks are light green or yellow-green, and the inner peel is still white. 11.2 Avoid mechanical damage and exposure to the sun during the entire harvesting process. Generally, "short-branch fruit picking" is implemented. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny mornings after the dew has dried up or on cloudy days. It should not be carried out on rainy days or under the scorching sun at noon. 11.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 11.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 2451 Control winter shoots and promote flowering
Carry out scientific fertilizer and water management to promote the timely maturity of excellent autumn shoots and stop the growth of winter shoots. If winter shoots grow, one or more methods such as sun drying, root cutting, ring cutting, ring tying, manual removal, chemical drugs and other methods can be used to strictly control the growth of winter shoots. Commonly used drugs for controlling and killing winter shoots are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as control shoots and killing shoots produced in batches by the state can be used. Table 1 Commonly used plant growth regulators for pollution-free litchi and their use methods Name
Ethyleneconazole + ethephon
Paclobutrazol
Paclobutrazol + ethephon
Naphthylacetic acid + ethephon
Dinihydrazide + ethephon
9.2 Create good pollination conditions
Main function
Kill winter shoots
Kill winter shoots
Kill flower spikes
Control and kill winter shoots
Effective ingredients and use methods
52 mg/kg～104 mg/kg Spray
200 mg/kg~400 mg/kg Spray
318.8mg/kg425mg/kg Spray
83.3mg/kg~100 mg/kg spray
240mg/kg~400mg/kg spray
In the flowering period, measures such as releasing bees, artificial assisted pollination, shaking flowers after rain, spraying water in the orchard and irrigating water in hot and dry weather are adopted. 243
NY/T5174—2002
9.3 Flower thinning
For varieties with large flower volume, thin out or shorten the flower spikes when the flower spikes grow 5cm~10cm, or spray 150mg/L~300mg/L of ethephon to change the long flower spikes into short flower spikes and increase the proportion of female flowers; and determine the number of flowers to be left on each branch according to the tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 1000~1500 flowers.
9.4 Fruit thinning
For plants with excessive fruit production, artificial fruit thinning is carried out after the second physiological fruit drop. Remove small fruits, deformed fruits and overly scattered fruits, and determine the number of fruits left on each branch based on tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 20 to 30 normal small fruits. 9.5 Plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits
The commonly used plant growth regulators and their use methods are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as nucleotides and litchi fruit-protecting agents approved by the state can be selected. When using plant growth regulators, follow the concentration, use methods and requirements specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden to use plant growth regulators that have not been approved, registered and produced by the state. 9.6 Bagging
35d to 40d before litchi fruit is harvested, the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized, and the fruits are covered with special fruit bags. 10 Disease and pest control
10.1 Prevention and control principles
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and adhere to the harmless management principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
10.2 Agricultural prevention and control
10.2.1 Select high-resistance, multi-resistance or disease- and insect-resistant varieties according to local conditions. 10.2.2 Regionalize varieties and avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same area. 10.2.3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizers or fully decomposed organic fertilizers, and use less chemical fertilizers to create a good soil structure, increase tree nutrition, and improve disease and insect resistance. 10.2.4 During the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use protective forest belts, nectar plants, intercropping or grass growing techniques to create an ecosystem that is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the growth of diseases and insects, and maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 10.2.5 Strengthen tree management, remove cross branches and overcrowded branches through pruning during the lychee shoot period, flowering and fruiting period, and after fruit picking, and release branches at the right time to make the phenological period uniform and improve the plant's disease and insect resistance. 10.2.6 Remove diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers and fruits and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner, strengthen winter garden cleaning and reduce the source of infection. 10.3 Physical control
10.3.1 Use insect traps, yellow boards, blue boards and white boards to kill pests. 10.3.2 Set up insect-proof nets to isolate and manually kill litchi stink bugs, fruit-sucking armyworms, fruit bats, beetles, etc. 10.3.3 Use fruit bagging technology to prevent and control disease and insect pests. 10.4 Biological control
10.4.1 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 10.4.2 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies and mite-eating mature insects. 10.4.3
Artificially release natural enemies such as flat-bellied wasps and predatory mites. 10.5 Main diseases and pests of litchi
10.5.1 Main diseases in the field: downy mildew, anthracnose, algal spot, leaf spot, sooty mold, acid rot, etc. 10.5.2 Main insect pests in the field: litchi stink bug, pedicle borer, thin mite, leaf thin mosquito, leaf roller, fruit sucking armyworm, thrips, small gray butterfly, turtle back beetle, etc.
The control methods of the main diseases and pests of litchi are shown in Table 2.244
Control targets
Downy mildew
Litchee stink bug
Pestem borer
Leaf fistula mosquito
Name of pesticide
Cymoxanil + mancozeb
Copper hydroxide
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cis Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin+Cypermethrin
High-efficiency cypermethrin trizophos
Cis-cypermethrin
Table 2 List of major pests and diseases of litchi Active ingredients and usage
11030mg/kg~1400mg/kg spray
312.5mg/kg~375mg/kg spray
25 mg/kg~50 mg/kg spray
1 6. 25 mg/kg~12. 5 mg/kg spray1 20 mg /kg～25 mg/kg spray
261.3mg/kg~522.5mg/kg spray
86.67mg/kg~130mg/kg spray
133.3mg/kg~50mg/kg spray
Leaf roller beto cypermethrin ten octhion 11 harvest
1 110 mg/kg～147 mg/kg spray
NY/T 5174-—2002
Other control methods
Timely pruning after harvest
Winter and spring garden cleaning and disinfection
Release flat-bellied wasps
Manually kill overwintering adults or egg masses
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Protect and utilize natural enemy parasitic wasps
Clean the fields
Winter and spring garden cleaning
Strict quarantine
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Manually remove insect buds and egg masses
Black light trapping
Release corn snail trichogramma
11.1 Harvest in stages when fully mature according to the purpose, market needs and maturity of each variety. --Generally, the fruit peel has basically turned red, the cracks are light green or yellow-green, and the inner peel is still white. 11.2 Avoid mechanical damage and exposure to the sun during the entire harvesting process. Generally, "short-branch fruit picking" is implemented. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny mornings after the dew has dried up or on cloudy days. It should not be carried out on rainy days or under the scorching sun at noon. 11.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 11.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 2451 Control winter shoots and promote flowering
Carry out scientific fertilizer and water management to promote the timely maturity of excellent autumn shoots and stop the growth of winter shoots. If winter shoots grow, one or more methods such as sun drying, root cutting, ring cutting, ring tying, manual removal, chemical drugs and other methods can be used to strictly control the growth of winter shoots. Commonly used drugs for controlling and killing winter shoots are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as control shoots and killing shoots produced in batches by the state can be used. Table 1 Commonly used plant growth regulators for pollution-free litchi and their use methods Name
Ethyleneconazole + ethephon
Paclobutrazol
Paclobutrazol + ethephon
Naphthylacetic acid + ethephon
Dinihydrazide + ethephon
9.2 Create good pollination conditions
Main function
Kill winter shoots
Kill winter shoots
Kill flower spikes
Control and kill winter shoots
Effective ingredients and use methods
52 mg/kg～104 mg/kg Spray
200 mg/kg~400 mg/kg Spray
318.8mg/kg425mg/kg Spray
83.3mg/kg~100 mg/kg spray
240mg/kg~400mg/kg spray
In the flowering period, measures such as releasing bees, artificial assisted pollination, shaking flowers after rain, spraying water in the orchard and irrigating water in hot and dry weather are adopted. 243
NY/T5174—2002
9.3 Flower thinning
For varieties with large flower volume, thin out or shorten the flower spikes when the flower spikes grow 5cm~10cm, or spray 150mg/L~300mg/L of ethephon to change the long flower spikes into short flower spikes and increase the proportion of female flowers; and determine the number of flowers to be left on each branch according to the tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 1000~1500 flowers.
9.4 Fruit thinning
For plants with excessive fruit production, artificial fruit thinning is carried out after the second physiological fruit drop. Remove small fruits, deformed fruits and overly scattered fruits, and determine the number of fruits left on each branch based on tree vigor, variety, thickness of fruiting mother branches and number of leaves, generally 20 to 30 normal small fruits. 9.5 Plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits
The commonly used plant growth regulators and their use methods are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as nucleotides and litchi fruit-protecting agents approved by the state can be selected. When using plant growth regulators, follow the concentration, use methods and requirements specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden to use plant growth regulators that have not been approved, registered and produced by the state. 9.6 Bagging
35d to 40d before litchi fruit is harvested, the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized, and the fruits are covered with special fruit bags. 10 Disease and pest control
10.1 Prevention and control principles
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and adhere to the harmless management principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
10.2 Agricultural prevention and control
10.2.1 Select high-resistance, multi-resistance or disease- and insect-resistant varieties according to local conditions. 10.2.2 Regionalize varieties and avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same area. 10.2.3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizers or fully decomposed organic fertilizers, and use less chemical fertilizers to create a good soil structure, increase tree nutrition, and improve disease and insect resistance. 10.2.4 During the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use protective forest belts, nectar plants, intercropping or grass growing techniques to create an ecosystem that is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the growth of diseases and insects, and maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 10.2.5 Strengthen tree management, remove cross branches and overcrowded branches through pruning during the lychee shoot period, flowering and fruiting period, and after fruit picking, and release branches at the right time to make the phenological period uniform and improve the plant's disease and insect resistance. 10.2.6 Remove diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers and fruits and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner, strengthen winter garden cleaning and reduce the source of infection. 10.3 Physical control
10.3.1 Use insect traps, yellow boards, blue boards and white boards to kill pests. 10.3.2 Set up insect-proof nets to isolate and manually kill litchi stink bugs, fruit-sucking armyworms, fruit bats, beetles, etc. 10.3.3 Use fruit bagging technology to prevent and control disease and insect pests. 10.4 Biological control
10.4.1 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 10.4.2 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies and mite-eating mature insects. 10.4.3
Artificially release natural enemies such as flat-bellied wasps and predatory mites. 10.5 Main diseases and pests of litchi
10.5.1 Main diseases in the field: downy mildew, anthracnose, algal spot, leaf spot, sooty mold, acid rot, etc. 10.5.2 Main insect pests in the field: litchi stink bug, pedicle borer, thin mite, leaf thin mosquito, leaf roller, fruit sucking armyworm, thrips, small gray butterfly, turtle back beetle, etc.
The control methods of the main diseases and pests of litchi are shown in Table 2.244
Control targets
Downy mildew
Litchee stink bug
Pestem borer
Leaf fistula mosquito
Name of pesticide
Cymoxanil + mancozeb
Copper hydroxide
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cis Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin+Cypermethrin
High-efficiency cypermethrin trizophos
Cis-cypermethrin
Table 2 List of major pests and diseases of litchi Active ingredients and usage
11030mg/kg~1400mg/kg spray
312.5mg/kg~375mg/kg spray
25 mg/kg~50 mg/kg spray
1 6. 25 mg/kg~12. 5 mg/kg spray1 20 mg /kg～25 mg/kg spray
261.3mg/kg~522.5mg/kg spray
86.67mg/kg~130mg/kg spray
133.3mg/kg~50mg/kg spray
Leaf roller beto cypermethrin ten octhion 11 harvest
1 110 mg/kg～147 mg/kg spray
NY/T 5174-—2002
Other control methods
Timely pruning after harvest
Winter and spring garden cleaning and disinfection
Release flat-bellied wasps
Manually kill overwintering adults or egg masses
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Protect and utilize natural enemy parasitic wasps
Clean the fields
Winter and spring garden cleaning
Strict quarantine
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Manually remove insect buds and egg masses
Black light trapping
Release corn snail trichogramma
11.1 Harvest in stages when fully mature according to the purpose, market needs and maturity of each variety. --Generally, the fruit peel has basically turned red, the cracks are light green or yellow-green, and the inner peel is still white. 11.2 Avoid mechanical damage and exposure to the sun during the entire harvesting process. Generally, "short-branch fruit picking" is implemented. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny mornings after the dew has dried up or on cloudy days. It should not be carried out on rainy days or under the scorching sun at noon. 11.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 11.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 2454 Fruit thinning
For plants with excessive fruit production, carry out artificial fruit thinning after the second physiological fruit drop. Remove small fruits, deformed fruits and overly scattered fruits, and determine the number of fruits to be left on each branch based on the tree vigor, variety, thickness of the fruiting mother branch and the number of leaves, generally 20 to 30 normal small fruits. 9.5 Plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits
The commonly used plant growth regulators and their use methods are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as nucleotides and litchi fruit-protecting agents approved by the state can be selected. When using plant growth regulators, follow the concentration, use methods and requirements specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden to use plant growth regulators that have not been approved, registered and produced by the state. 9.6 Bagging
35d to 40d before litchi fruit is harvested, use special fruit bags after the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized. 10 Disease and Pest Control
10.1 Principles of Control
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated control", and adhere to the principle of harmless management of "agricultural control, physical control, biological control as the main, chemical control as the auxiliary".
10.2 Agricultural Control
10.2.1 Select high-resistance, multi-resistance or disease and pest resistant varieties according to local conditions. 10.2.2 Regionalize varieties well, and avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same area. 10.2.3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizer or fully decomposed organic fertilizer, use less chemical fertilizer, create a good soil structure, increase tree nutrition, and improve resistance to diseases and pests. 10.2.4 In the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use protective forest belts, nectar plants, intercropping between rows or grass growing and other technologies to create an ecosystem that is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the growth of diseases and pests, and maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 10.2.5 Strengthen tree management, remove cross branches and overcrowded branches through pruning during the period of lychee shoot growth, flowering and fruiting, and after fruit harvesting, release branches at the right time, make the phenological period uniform, and improve the plant's ability to resist diseases and insects. 10.2.6 Remove diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner, strengthen winter garden cleaning, and reduce the source of infection. 10.3 Physical control
10.3.1 Use insect traps, yellow boards, blue boards, and white boards to kill pests. 10.3.2 Set up insect-proof nets for isolation and manually kill litchi stink bugs, fruit-sucking moths, fruit bats, and scarabs. 10.3.3 Use fruit bagging technology to prevent and control disease and insect infection. 10.4 Biological control
10.4.1 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 10.4.2 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies, and mature mites. 10.4.3
Artificially release natural enemies such as flat-bellied wasps and predatory mites. 10.5 Major diseases and pests of litchi
10.5.1 Major diseases in the field: downy mildew, anthracnose, algal spot, leaf spot, sooty mold, acid rot, etc. 10.5.2 Major insect pests in the field: litchi stink bug, stem borer, thin mite, leaf thin mosquito, leaf roller, fruit sucking moth, thrips, small gray butterfly, turtle back longhorn beetle, etc.
The control methods of the main diseases and pests of litchi are shown in Table 2. 244
Control targets
Downy mildew
Litchwood stink bug
Boring borer
Leaf fistula mosquito
Name of pesticide
Cymoxanil + mancozeb
Copper hydroxide
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cis Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin+Cypermethrin
High-efficiency cypermethrin trizophos
Cis-cypermethrin
Table 2 List of major pests and diseases of litchi Active ingredients and usage
11030mg/kg~1400mg/kg spray
312.5mg/kg~375mg/kg spray
25 mg/kg~50 mg/kg spray
1 6. 25 mg/kg~12. 5 mg/kg spray1 20 mg /kg～25 mg/kg spray
261.3mg/kg~522.5mg/kg spray
86.67mg/kg~130mg/kg spray
133.3mg/kg~50mg/kg spray
Leaf roller beto cypermethrin ten octhion 11 harvest
1 110 mg/kg～147 mg/kg spray
NY/T 5174-—2002
Other control methods
Timely pruning after harvest
Winter and spring garden cleaning and disinfection
Release flat-bellied wasps
Manually kill overwintering adults or egg masses
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Protect and utilize natural enemy parasitic wasps
Clean the fields
Winter and spring garden cleaning
Strict quarantine
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
Manually remove insect buds and egg masses
Black light trapping
Release corn snail trichogramma
11.1 Harvest in stages when fully mature according to the purpose, market needs and maturity of each variety. --Generally, the fruit peel has basically turned red, the cracks are light green or yellow-green, and the inner peel is still white. 11.2 Avoid mechanical damage and exposure to the sun during the entire harvesting process. Generally, "short-branch fruit picking" is implemented. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny mornings after the dew has dried up or on cloudy days. It should not be carried out on rainy days or under the scorching sun at noon. 11.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 11.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 2454 Fruit thinning
For plants with excessive fruit production, carry out artificial fruit thinning after the second physiological fruit drop. Remove small fruits, deformed fruits and overly scattered fruits, and determine the number of fruits to be left on each branch based on the tree vigor, variety, thickness of the fruiting mother branch and the number of leaves, generally 20 to 30 normal small fruits. 9.5 Plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits
The commonly used plant growth regulators and their use methods are shown in Table 1, or plant growth regulators such as nucleotides and litchi fruit-protecting agents approved by the state can be selected. When using plant growth regulators, follow the concentration, use methods and requirements specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden to use plant growth regulators that have not been approved, registered and produced by the state. 9.6 Bagging
35d to 40d before litchi fruit is harvested, use special fruit bags after the whole garden is disinfected and sterilized. 10 Disease and Pest Control
10.1 Principles of Control
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated control", and adhere to the principle of harmless management of "agricultural control, physical control, biological control as the main, chemical control as the auxiliary".
10.2 Agricultural Control
10.2.1 Select high-resistance, multi-resistance or disease and pest resistant varieties according to local conditions. 10.2.2 Regionalize varieties well, and avoid planting varieties with large differences in maturity in the same area. 10.2.3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizer or fully decomposed organic fertilizer, use less chemical fertilizer, create a good soil structure, increase tree nutrition, and improve resistance to diseases and pests. 10.2.4 In the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use protective forest belts, nectar plants, intercropping between rows or grass growing and other technologies to create an ecosystem that is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the growth of diseases and pests, and maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 10.2.5 Strengthen tree management, remove cross branches and overcrowded branches through pruning during the period of lychee shoot growth, flowering and fruiting, and after fruit harvesting, release branches at the right time, make the phenological period uniform, and improve the plant's ability to resist diseases and insects. 10.2.6 Remove diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner, strengthen winter garden cleaning, and reduce the source of infection. 10.3 Physical control
10.3.1 Use insect traps, yellow boards, blue boards, and white boards to kill pests. 10.3.2 Set up insect-proof nets for isolation and manually kill litchi stink bugs, fruit-sucking moths, fruit bats, and scarabs. 10.3.3 Use fruit bagging technology to prevent and control disease and insect infection. 10.4 Biological control
10.4.1 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 10.4.2 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies, and mature mites. 10.4.3
Artificially release natural enemies such as flat-bellied wasps and predatory mites. 10.5 Major diseases and pests of litchi
10.5.1 Major diseases in the field: downy mildew, anthracnose, algal spot, leaf spot, sooty mold, acid rot, etc. 10.5.2 Major insect pests in the field: litchi stink bug, stem borer, thin mite, leaf thin mosquito, leaf roller, fruit sucking moth, thrips, small gray butterfly, turtle back longhorn beetle, etc.
The control methods of the main diseases and pests of litchi are shown in Table 2. 244
Control targets
Downy mildew
Litchwood stink bug
Boring borer
Leaf fistula mosquito
Name of pesticide
Cymoxanil + mancozeb
Copper hydroxide
Cypermethrin
Cyfluthrin
Cis Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin+Cypermethrin
High-efficiency cypermethrin trizophos
Cis-cypermethrin
Table 2 List of major pests and diseases of litchi Active ingredients and usage
11030mg/kg~1400mg/kg spray
312.5mg/kg~375mg/kg spray
25 mg/kg~50 mg/kg spray
1 6. 25 mg/kg~12. 5 mg/kg spray1 20 mg /kg～25 mg/kg spray
261.3mg/kg~522.5mg/kg spray
86.67mg/kg~130mg/kg spray
133.3mg/kg~50mg/kg spray
Leaf roller beto cypermethrin ten octhion 11 harvest
1 110 mg/kg～147 mg/kg spray
NY/T 5174-—2002
Other control methods
Timely pruning after harvest
Winter and spring garden cleaning and disinfection
Release flat-bellied wasps
Manually kill overwintering adults or egg masses
Control winter shoots to reduce insect sources
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