Some standard content:
ICs 37. 100. 01
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T9851.2—2008
Replaces GB/T9851.2-1990, GB/T9851.3—1990 Terminology of graphic technology-Part 2: Terms for prepress
Published on 2008-07-02
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Allergy prevention
Implemented on 2008-12-01
GB/T9851\Terminology of printing technology is divided into 7 parts. Part 1: Basic terms;
Part 2: Prepress terms;
Part 3: Letterpress terms;
Part 4: Lithographic terms;
Part 5: Gravure terms;
Part 6: Stencil terms;
Part 7: Postpress terms.
This part is Part 2 of GB/T 9851. TrKAoNiKAca
GB/T 9851.2—2008
This part replaces GB/T 9851.2—1990 "Printing technology terms Part 2: Text typesetting terms" and GB/T 9851.3—1990 "Printing technology terms Part 3: Image plate making terms". Compared with GB/T9851.2-1990 and GB/T9851.3-1990, this part is mainly modified as follows: GB/T9851.2-1990 "Printing Technical Terms Part 2: Text Typesetting Terms" and GB/T9851.3-1990 "Printing Technical Terms Part 3: Image Platemaking Terms" are merged into prepress terms. The structure of the standard is modified according to GB/T1.1-2000. The entries of the standard are deleted and merged according to the development of technology, and some new entries are added. This part is proposed by the General Administration of Press and Publication.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Printing Standardization Technical Committee. The drafting units of this part are: Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, China Institute of Printing Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Printing Science and Technology. The main drafters of this part are: Jin Yang, He Xiaohui. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this part are: -GB 9851, 2-1988, GB/T 9851.2--1990 ;- GB 9851. 3—1988. GB/T 9851. 3--1990 .I
1 Scope
Printing Technology Terminology
Part 2: Prepress Terminology
GB/T 9851.2--2008
This part of GB/T 9851 specifies prepress professional terms to ensure the correct application of professional concepts in production, teaching and academic activities.
This part is applicable to the printing industry and related professional writing standards, publishing, teaching, scientific research and domestic and foreign technical exchanges. 2 Basic Terminology
Primary color primary Colour
Three basic colours that can be mixed to form other colours, none of which can be created by mixing two other colours. The three primary colours of additive colouring are red, green and blue; the three primary colours of subtractive colouring are red, magenta and yellow. 2. 1. 1
secondarycolour
The colour created by mixing two primary colours.
process colour
printing colours
The three primary colours of red, magenta and yellow and black used in four-colour printing. 2.2. 1
cyan
The color produced by mixing equal amounts of green and blue light, a colorant/pigment used in printing to absorb red light from white light, one of the primary colors.
magenta
mageata
The color produced by mixing equal amounts of red and green light, a colorant/pigment used in printing to absorb green light from white light, one of the primary colors.
yellow
The color produced by mixing equal amounts of red and green light, a colorant/pigment used in printing to absorb blue light from white light, one of the primary colors.
complementary colour
Two colors that can produce achromatic colors (neutral gray) when mixed in appropriate proportions. Note: In the printing process, the complementary colors in pairs are yellow and blue: magenta and green: cyan and red 2.3
spotcolour
Any specific color other than the primary colors used for printing reproduction 2.4
Color space
lcolour space
Three-dimensional space representing color.
[GB/T 5698-- 2001,4. 57]
GB/T 9851.2—2008
Device independent colordericeindependentcolourHrKAoNiKAca
Color space that is independent of equipment, materials, and process characteristics and is only related to visual characteristics. For example: the color represented by CIE1931XYZ, CIE1976L'ab, etc.
Device dependent colordevicedependent colourColor space related to equipment, materials, and process characteristics. Such as colors represented by CMYK, RGB, etc. 2.4.3
color gamut
The range of all visible colors produced by a specific method. 2.4.4
Extended gamut
Extended to the bit range outside the RGB cathode ray tube display gamut defined in IEC61966-2-1. 2.4.5
CIE LAB colour space CIE LAB colour space is a visually uniform colour space generated by non-linear transformation of the CIE1931XY2 system. It is represented by L, a, 6', where L represents relative width, 2" represents the red-green coordinate axis, and b* represents the yellow-blue coordinate axis. 2.4.6
CIE LUV colour space CIE LUV colour space is a visually uniform colour space generated by transformation of the CIE1931XYZ system. It is represented by L, u*, where L\ represents relative brightness, u represents the red-green coordinate axis, and * represents the yellow-blue coordinate axis. 2.4.7
Gamma value gamuma value
An exponential value that reflects the law of input-output variation. A measure of contrast. When used in silver halide photography, it indicates the characteristics of a certain film, paper or developing technology. When used in a display, it indicates the relationship between the displayed color and the digital quantity. 2.5
Color profile file colourprefile
A data file that expresses the color transmission and reproduction characteristics of a certain device, material or process. It contains data information on the conversion relationship between device-related colors and device-independent colors.
ICC color profile file ICC profile
Complies with the International Colour Consortium (ICC - International Colour Consortium) file format. 2.5.2
Profile connection color space profileconnectionspace; PCS Device-independent color space used to establish device dithering color conversion relationships. 2.6
Gray balance graybalance
If a print produced under specified printing conditions appears gray under specified observation conditions, the gradation values (dot areas) of magenta, magenta and yellow on the color separation film are in a gray balance state. [GB/T 17934. 1--1999,3. 17]
Dot
Constitutes the basic element of the printed image. Reproduces the gradation and color of the image through changes in its area and/or spatial frequency. 2
Amplitude modulated dot; AM dotGB/T 9851.2--2008
It has a certain screen frequency, screen angle and dot shape, and reproduces the screen structure of image gradation and color by changing the dot coverage.
Frequency modulated dot; FM dot has a fixed dot size and shape, and reproduces the non-periodic screen structure of image gradation and color by changing the dot spatial frequency. 2.7.3
Screening
The process of generating halftones using analog or digital technology. 2.8
continuous tone
Continuous tone
An image with infinite levels of brightness and gradation, without screen. [GB/T9851.1—2008,4.16]
Tone
The visual expression of changes in image brightness or color depth. [GB/T 9851.1—2008,4.12]
Optical density
The commonly used logarithmic value of the ratio of incident light flux to transmitted or reflected light flux. 2.9.2
Tone value
The numerical value of the tone of an image. In printing reproduction technology, it is often expressed as the coverage of halftone dots. 2.9.3
Tone value sum
The sum of the maximum coverage of halftone dots of each printing primary color. 2.9.4
Catch light
The brightest tone in an image, usually appearing in a small area. 2.9.5
Highlight
The brightest tone in an image.
Midtone
middletone
The tone between light and dark in an image. 2. 9.7
Shadow
The dark tone in an image.
Gradation
The change of light and dark in an image.
GB/T 9851.2--2008
Cootrat
The difference of light and dark in different parts of an image.
max contrast
Maximum contrast
The relationship or degree of difference in tone between the fullest area and the darkest area in an original or a copy. 2.10
Graphics
Visual information body with certain shape characteristics, which is artificially or algorithmically constructed. 2. 11
ImageImage
Visual information existing in nature or produced by human participation, generally composed of a large number of pixels. 2. 11. 1
rasterted image
raster image
digital image obtained by raster image processing. 2. 11. 2
bitmapbitmapimage
an image whose pixel is composed of 1 bit of binary data. 2. 11. 3
vectorimage
vectorimage
an image generated by a graphics algorithm and stored with related parameters. 2.12
sharpness
the sharpness of the changes in brightness or color at the edge of the image details with the spatial mask. 2.13
resolution powerresolution power
HTrKAoNiKAca
The ability of a device or material to distinguish or record the details of an image. It is usually measured by the number of pixels that the device can distinguish per unit length.
scanning resolutionscanning resolutionThe number of pixels that an image scanning device can distinguish per unit length. Unit: pixels per centimeter (ppcm) or pixels per inch (ppi): 2. 13.2
recording resolutionrecording resolutionThe number of pixels that a recording device can distinguish per unit length. It is usually expressed in lines per inch (dpi) or lines per centimeter (dpcm), and can also be expressed in patterns per inch (ppi) or patterns per centimeter (ppcm). 2.14
moire
Disturbing fringes formed by the cross-arrangement of multiple groups of lines or multiple rows of dots at different angles and/or different spatial frequencies. It is also called "free fringes".
[GB/T 9851. 1—2008,7. 8]
Page description languagepagedescriptionlanguageA computer language that describes the attributes of page elements such as text, graphics, and images, as well as their characteristics and relationships in the page. 4
TIFF file formatTIFF
GB/T 9851.2-2008
A specification for storing digital image data. TIFF is the abbreviation of tagimagefileformat. 2. 17
PDF file formatPDF
A file format specification for storing page information objects (including text, graphics, images, audio and video, etc.). PDF is the abbreviation of Portabledocumentformat. 2.18
Encapsulated PostScript; EPS describes text, graphics and image information according to the PostScript specification, and encapsulates all the information in a page in an independent, internal file format. 2.19
Digital workflow is a system that manages and controls prepress, printing, postpress and other related processes based on digital information processing and transmission. 2.20
International Cooperation for Integration of Prepress, Press and Postpress. 2.21
International Cooperation for the Integration of Processes in Prepress, Press and Postpress Organization. 2.22
Print production format;PPFFile format used to transmit production control instructions and data from pre-press to post-press. 2.23
Job definition format;JDFFile specification used to record, transmit and interactively control data and instructions required for production operations and other processes. 2.24
Colour encodingcolour encoding
Scheme for digitizing colour space variables.
Colour image encodingcolour image encodingScheme for representing digital image information using colour values. 2.24.2
Colour space encodingcolour space encodingScheme for digitizing colour space, including the specification of the digital encoding method and the range of the encoding. 2.25
Colour targetcolour target
A series of colour values used to establish the relationship between the colour presented by a device and its input values. 2. 26
Colour valuecolour value
A set of data representing colour in a specific colour space. 5
GB/T 9851.2—2008
Control patch
A reference patch made for measurement or control (composed of geometric figures such as dots, lines or solids). [GB/T 18722--2002,3.3]
Doubling/slurpatchA control patch for evaluating the actual imprinting state.
[GB/T 18722 -2002,3.7]
midtone balance control patch
midtone balance control patch-KAONiKAca
A block on the control strip, composed of cyan, magenta, and yellow halftone values in a gray balance state on the electronic original plate. When balanced, the value of the cyan tone is usually between 40% and 60%, and the magenta and yellow tone values are selected to roughly form a non-color color. Note: Rewrite 3.15 of GB/T18722-2002
control strip control strip
A collection of control patches arranged in one dimension.
[GB/T 18722—2002,3. 4]
register marks
A small reference pattern attached to the outside of the finished product area, used to align or register the various color plates in pre-press, printing and post-press operations. 2.29
aliasing
the jagged or stepped effect of a raster image. 2.30
digital proof
a soft or hard copy produced by digital data on a display or a substrate. 2.31
em
a unit of measurement for typesetting, the width of which is equal to the paint weight of the text used, and is used as a horizontal measurement of typesetting width. Note: 1p=1/72in, approximately equal to 0.35mm. 2.32
a unit of measurement for typesetting, the width of which is equal to half of the full-width of the same paint weight. 3Layout design
Layout designlayoutdesign
requirements and regulations for layout style. 3.2
type area
the sum of the text and blank space in the finished printed area. 3.3
Type page
The area of the printed text and images in the finished page (excluding bleeding images). 6
Head margin
The blank area between the top edge of the type page and the top edge of the finished page. Bottom margin
The blank area between the bottom edge of the type page and the bottom edge of the finished page. Binding edge
The blank area between the inner edge of the type page and the binding edge of the finished page. Cutting edges
The blank area between the outer edge of the type page and the cutting edge of the finished page. Bleed
The image that is cut off beyond the range of the finished page. 4Image and text processing and forme making
Image and text processing and forme makingThe process of processing the text, graphics and image information to be reproduced and making them into printing plates. 4.2
Font
A collection of text or graphic symbols with the same morphological style. 4.3
Type size
A method of expressing the size of a single character. 4.4
Typesetting
Input and arrange characters in a specified position or range according to the requirements of the layout design. 4.5
Digitizing
The process of converting analog graphic information into binary code. 4.6
colour separation
GB/T 9851.2-2008
The process of decomposing the original image into the corresponding printing ink colour components for the production of a set of colour plates for multi-colour printing, [GB/T 9851.1—2008,4.18]
dithering
Digital image averaging method for adding details or gradation levels by increasing the number of pixels in an image unit (pixel set), 4.8
colour correction
The correction of image colour to meet the requirements of design and reproduction. 7
GB/T 9851.2—2008
gradation correction The correction of image gradation and gradation to meet the requirements of design and reproduction. 4.10
Sharpness enhancementThe process of emphasizing image details to meet the requirements of design and reproduction. 4.11
Mask
-iiKAONiiKAca-
In photoengraving, a positive or negative mask used to correct the color, gradation, and sharpness of the original image. In digital image processing, a selected area of the image for specific processing. 4.12
Masking
Masking
In photoengraving, a process of correcting the color gradation and sharpness of an image by using a positive or negative mask. 4.13
Ender coleur removal; under colour reduction; UCRIn four-color printing reproduction, a process of reducing the proportion of the three primary colors of magenta, yellow, and red used to reproduce the gray components in the mid-tone to dark tone area of the image while keeping the color unchanged, and correspondingly increasing the amount of black. 4. 14
Gray component replacement, GCR In four-color printing, the method of reducing the proportion of cyan, magenta and yellow used in gray component reproduction within the entire gradation range of the image while keeping the color unchanged, and increasing the amount of black accordingly. 4.15
Undercolour addition; UCA In four-color printing, the method of increasing the amount of cyan, magenta and yellow in the dark tone range of the image to compensate for the insufficient dark tone density of the image caused by gray component replacement.
Trapping
A method of shrinking and/or expanding the border edge to prevent the defect of the color of the substrate being exposed at the border edge of text, graphics and images caused by printing overprint inaccuracy.
Page element
page elermnent
In a graphic page, a composite entity substructure related to the current processing environment, such as a text block, a continuous tone image or an outline graphic, which itself constitutes the smallest logical element of a composite entity. 4.18
Image assembly
The operation of combining and positioning the elements of a page to form a complete page. 4. 19
Imposition
The process of combining multiple pages or multiple images according to the requirements of the plate format and post-press processing. 4.20
Formemaking
The process of making the plates required for printing. [GB/T 9851, 1—2008,4. 27]
Digital proofing
GE/T 9851.2—2008
The method of using digital technology to check the quality of reproduction and provide a reference for printing, usually using spray hoods, thermal transfer, electrostatic or other imaging techniques, and proofing on a color monitor.
[GB/T 9851.1—2008,4, 21]
Analogproofing
A method of checking the quality of reproduction by using simulation technology to provide a reference for printing, usually using mechanical proofing or off-line proofing equipment. [GB/T9851.1—2008,4.20]
Softproofing
A process of using a color display to preview the page image and text to check or confirm the quality of page reproduction. 4.24
Hard copy proofing system
Hard copy proofing system
A system that uses hard copy imaging equipment to simulate printed images. The equipment used can be different from the equipment used for actual printing production. [15012646--2002,3.3]
Characterization
The process of defining the color values of input, display and output devices using device-independent color values. 4.26
Job ticket
Electronic description of production process.
Preview image
Preview image of a page or layout using a computer monitor. 4.28
Gamut mapping
The mapping of the chromaticity coordinates of source image elements to the chromaticity coordinates of the target device to compensate for differences in the gamut range between the source file and the output device/media.
Partial colour change Partial colour change A change that affects only a selected range of colours in an image, while leaving other areas unchanged. 4.30
Global colour change A change that changes the colours of all parts of an image relative to a selected area of the image. [GB/T 18721—2002, 3. 6]
Glyph
A recognizable abstract graphic symbol that is not associated with any particular design. 4.32
Glyph metrics Glyph metrics are a set of information used to define the size and position of the shape of a glyph outline in a glyph representation. 9
GB/T 9851.2—2008
Tasterizing
The process of generating a bitmap image from any digital file. 5 Prepress equipment
Prepress equipments
Device used for inputting, processing and recording and outputting graphic information. 5.2
Reproduction cameraDevice used for processing such as colour separation, screen and zoom. 5.3
Electronic colour separation scannerDevice used for image scanning, image correction/colour separation/zoom/screen and other processing and recording and output. 5.4
Desktop publishing system; DTPComputer hardware and software system for inputting, processing and outputting graphic information for publishing and printing. 5.5
ScannerDevice for digitally collecting the graphic information of the original on a point-by-point and line-by-line basis. 5.6
raster image processor;RIP
raster image processor
software and hardware that interprets and converts the layout information described in the page description language into output record data. 5.7Www.bzxZ.net
imagesetter; recorderA device that records dot matrix bitmap information on photosensitive film through laser exposure. 5.8
platesetter; platerecorderA device that records dot matrix bitmap information directly on the printing plate. 5.9
electronic engraving machineElectronic engraving machineUses mechanical and electronic methods to produce image and non-image areas on relief or gravure plates. 10
-iiKAoNiiKAca=
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.