JB/T 7864-1999 Test method for tillage and fertilization machine in dry fields
Some standard content:
ICS65.060.99
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T7864-1999
Dry Field Cultivator-Fertilizer
Test Methods
Test Methods of Cultivator-Fertilizer1999-08-06Published
JB/T7864-1999
State Bureau of Machinery Industry
International Standard Download Network (www.bzxzw.com
2000-01-01Implementation
JB/T 7864-1999
2 Definition
Test conditions and preparation
Performance test
5 Production test
6 Contents of test report
Appendix A (Appendix to the standard)
Appendix B (Appendix to the standard)
Appendix C (Appendix to the suggestion)
JB/T7864-1999
Prototype technical determination
Determination method of physical and mechanical properties of fertilizer
Main instruments and tools
Standard download website (www.bzxzw.com
JB/T7864-1999
This standard is a revision of JB/T786495 "Early This standard is a revision of the "Test Method for Field Tillage and Fertilizer Machine". Editorial modifications were made to the original standard during the revision, and the main technical content remained unchanged.
This standard replaces JB/T7864-95 from the date of implementation. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are both appendices to the standard. Appendix C of this standard is a suggestive appendix,
This standard is proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Agricultural Machinery Standardization. The responsible drafting unit for this standard: Tillage and Planting Machinery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences. The main drafters of this standard: Zhang Xiaoyong, Yang Zhaowen, Shen Yongning, Liu Yundong. 1
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Test Method for Dry Field Tillage and Fertilizer Machine
methods of cultivator-fertilizer This standard specifies the performance test and production test of hoe-type and rotary cultivator-fertilizer. This standard applies to hoe-type and rotary cultivator-fertilizer. JB/T7864-1999
Replaces JB/T7864-95
Note: The test content can be carried out in whole or in part according to the test purpose and test conditions. The items marked with * in the text are optional items. 2 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
2.1 Row spacing
The distance between the center lines of two adjacent rows of crop seedlings. 2.2
Cultivation depth
The vertical distance from the bottom of the furrow formed by the shovel to the original surface. Soil-raising height
The soil thickness above the surface before tillage.
4 Trenching depth
The vertical height from the bottom of the furrow to the original surface.
5 Trenching width
The width of the furrow bottom.
5 Seedling protection belt
Uncultivated areas on both sides of the crop seedling row or seedling belt. 2.7
Fertilization depth
The thickness of the soil layer covering the fertilizer.
Fertilizer discharge capacity
The maximum and minimum fertilizer discharge amount that the fertilizer discharger can achieve under the premise of ensuring working performance, fertilizer discharge uniformity
The uniformity of the fertilizer discharged by the fertilizer discharger within a certain length of the section. 2.10 Broken strip rate
When the machine is driving, within a certain length of the section, the total length of the broken strips discharged by the fertilizer discharger (single port) accounts for the percentage of the total measured length. Fertilizer discharge stability
The stability of the fertilizer discharge amount of the fertilizer discharger under the required working conditions. 2.12
Consistency of fertilizer discharge in each row
Approved by the State Bureau of Machinery Industry on August 6, 1999 and implemented on January 1, 2000
JB/T78641999
The degree of consistency of fertilizer discharge in each fertilizer discharge port under the same conditions. 2.13 Specific resistance
The traction resistance acting on the cross section of the unit cultivated soil. 3 Test conditions and preparation
3.1 Test prototype
3.1.1 Technical determination
The test prototype shall comply with the requirements of the instruction manual provided by the manufacturer, be of qualified quality and in good technical condition. Before the performance test and after the production test, the prototype shall be measured according to Appendix A (Appendix to the standard), and photos or photographs shall be taken of the full amount of the machine in various states. At the same time, analyze the problems of structural design, manufacturing, assembly quality, etc. before and after the test. 3.1.2 Determination of parts prone to wear and corrosion. The wear parts should be measured before and after the test. The wear amount is determined by measuring the mass loss. Any obvious damage or deformation should be recorded and photographed (the vulnerable parts include: soil working parts, transmission sprockets and chains, shaft necks, shaft sleeves and parts that are often in contact with fertilizers). The initial test results are recorded in Table 2.
For friction surfaces with simple shapes and easy to measure, such as shafts and bearings, direct measurement is performed with measuring tools. The measurement accuracy of diameter wear is not less than 0.05mm, and the measurement accuracy of other dimensions is not less than 0.5mm. The weighing accuracy is 1g (larger parts can be relaxed).
The bending and torsion deformation of the frame and beam can be measured by the wire drawing method. The change amount before and after the test of each measuring point is measured, and the measurement accuracy is not less than 1mm. 3.1.3 Indoor adjustment
Adjust the machine to normal working state according to the requirements of the instruction manual. 3.1.4 Configuration of working parts of cultivator
According to the instruction manual, check the configuration of working parts of cultivator under different operation requirements, and record the technical characteristics in Table 3. Draw a working parts configuration diagram, indicating the wheel width, wheel width, row spacing, seedling protection belt width, type of working parts and front and rear installation distance of tractor and cultivator.
Determination of physical and mechanical properties of test fertilizers Determine the moisture content, volumetric mass, natural angle of repose and friction angle of fertilizers. The determination method is shown in Appendix B (Standard Appendix). 3.3 Test site
3.3.1 Selection of test site
Representative plots that meet the adaptability range of the prototype should be selected. Its sowing quality, number of rows and row spacing should meet the matching requirements of the tillage and topdressing operation machinery. The area of the test site should meet the requirements of various test items, and the length of the test site should not be less than 100m. Record various data. 3.3.2 Investigation of test site characteristics
3.3.2.1 Topographic characteristics
Changes in slope and the size of the deepest depression and the highest bulge (in cm), and record the data. 3.3.2.2 Soil fill characteristics
a) Soil type:
b) Absolute soil moisture content and firmness: In the test area, take 5 points on each of the two diagonals to measure the soil moisture content and firmness at 0~5cm, 5~10cm, 10~152
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cm depth, calculate the average value, and record the measurement and calculation results. 3.3.2.3 Weeds
Types, density and height of weeds in the test plot (select 3 points on the diagonal of the test plot, measure the number of weeds per square meter before intertillage, and find the average value). The measuring points should be marked, and the weeding rate after intertillage should be checked (excluding the seedling protection belt), and recorded in Table 5. 3.3.2.4 Crop growth
Select 2 points on each round trip in the test area, within the full tillage width of the machine, with a length of 1m, and investigate the number of plants in each row and the total number in the area, and record in Table 6.
3.3.3 Test plot planning
The test plot planning is shown in Figure 1.
Above 20m
4 Tractors for the test
Above 50m
Test plot planning
Select the matching tractor according to the machine manual, and its technical condition should be intact. 5 Test instrumentsbzxZ.net
20m and above
All instruments used in the test should be inspected and calibrated according to the types and measurement requirements specified in this test method before the test. The main instruments and tools are shown in Appendix C (Suggested Appendix).
Performance test
4.1 Static test
4.1.1 Determination of working performance of fertilizer discharge mechanism
4.1.1.1 Determination of fertilizer discharge capacity
During the test, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box should be no less than two-thirds of the fertilizer box volume. Determine the maximum and minimum fertilizer discharge amount of each item calculated theoretically. Method: Adjust the adjustment plate to the maximum and minimum positions, set up the intertillage fertilizer machine, make the rim of the transmission wheel leave the ground, and the frame is in a horizontal state. Turn the transmission wheel to make the speed similar to that of field fertilization, for no less than 20 turns, collect the fertilizer discharged from each fertilizer discharge port, weigh the total fertilizer discharge amount, repeat 3 times to calculate the average value, and record it in Table 7. Calculate the fertilizer discharge amount according to formula (1):
Where: 9
Fertilizer discharge amount, kg/hm2:
Total discharge amount of several fertilizer discharge ports when the transmission wheel rotates N times, g: Transmission wheel diameter, m;
...(1)
M—row spacing, m;
nNumber of fertilizer discharge ports;
N—Number of transmission wheel rotations during the test, /min.
JB/T78641999
Note: The actual fertilizer application amount during field operation should include the slip factor of the transmission wheel. 4.1.1.2 Determination of stability and consistency of fertilizer discharge amount Adjust the fertilizer amount to the specified fertilizer amount, repeat the measurement 5 times, and record it in Table 8. 4.1.1.3* Determination of the influence of fertilizer loading degree in the fertilizer box on the fertilizer amount Adjust the fertilizer amount regulator to the specified fertilizer amount position, and fill the fertilizer in the fertilizer box to 3/4, 1/2, and 1/4 of the fertilizer box volume V respectively. Collect the fertilizer discharged when the main shaft rotates for 1 minute and weigh its mass. Repeat 3 times and record the average value. 4.1.1.4* Determination of the influence of main shaft speed on fertilizer amount Before the test, calculate the main shaft speed range of the fertilizer discharger when operating at different speeds. Then measure the fertilizer discharge amount at different main shaft speeds and record it. 4.1.1.5* Determination of the influence of fertilizer moisture content on fertilization quality According to the given fertilizer moisture content, spray water evenly into the fertilizer, and then measure the fertilizer moisture content at this time. When the deviation from the given moisture content is less than 2%, adjust the regulator to the specified fertilizer application amount position and rotate the main shaft for 1 minute. Collect the discharged fertilizer and weigh its mass. Repeat the test 3 times and record the average value.
Dynamic test
4.2.1 Determination of fertilization uniformity
On a flat cement ground or other smooth ground, the tillage and topdressing machine travels at normal operating speed for 20m. Take a section with a length of not less than 3m. Divide it into small sections of 10cm, measure the fertilizer mass in each small section, and record it in Table 8 (the fertilizer discharge amount is not more than 100kg/hmr during the measurement), and select representative sections for photography. 4.2. 2
Determination of broken sliver rate during fertilization
The section without fertilizer with a length of more than 10 cm is considered broken sliver. Determine the number of broken slivers and the maximum length of broken slivers in each row within 5 m. Calculate the percentage of the total length of broken slivers to the total length of fertilizer discharge and record the measured data. Field performance test
When determining the operating quality of the intertillage and fertilizer topdressing machine, the following factors should be considered in the field test. a) Soil type, moisture, firmness, weed conditions, surface slope; b) Working speed, tillage depth;
c) Width of seedling protection belt.
4.3.1*Intertillage depth, unevenness of the surface and ditch bottom before and after intertillage, soil bulkiness The above items can be measured at the same time and calculated separately. When measuring, insert two brackets outside the width of the full working width of the intertillage machine, add a ruler, and use a level to calibrate the level. First measure the unevenness of the ground before tillage, and then measure the unevenness of the ground after tillage and the unevenness of the ditch bottom after the tillage machine passes. The longitudinal section only measures the section of the ground before tillage and the ditch bottom after tillage (length is 2m). Note: Draw the cross-sectional curves before tillage, after tillage and the ditch bottom at a ratio of 1:5. The cross-sectional curve can also be drawn using a cross-sectional surveyor or computer. The soil bulkiness is calculated according to formula (2):
D=4s-A
×100%·
Where: D is the soil bulkiness, %
JB/T78641999
As is the cross-sectional area of the soil after tillage, cm2; A is the cross-sectional area before tillage, cm2.
4.3.2 Adaptability test of maximum tillage depth Adjust the working parts to the maximum tillage depth position. The interval between each row in the whole working width shall not be less than 5m. Randomly measure the tillage depth at 5 points and calculate the average value. Assess the maximum tillage depth reached by the machine under normal working conditions. Record in Table 94.3.3 Determination of soil crushing quality
After tillage, take 0.25m2 in the width between any rows, and the depth is the tillage depth. The loosened soil blocks are divided into five levels according to the diameter (measure the length of the soil blocks): less than 25mm, 25~50mm, 50~100mm, 100~150mm and more than 150mm. The mass of each level of soil blocks is measured respectively. Measure 2 points in each round trip and record in Table 10. Note: The mass of soil blocks less than 25mm accounts for the percentage of the total soil crushing mass in the measurement area, which is called soil crushing rate. 4.3.4 Determination of weeding rate
The weeding rate per square meter after tillage is determined in the area where weeds were checked before tillage (see 3.3.2.3) and recorded in Table 5. C&-H,
Where: C—weeding rate, %
Q—number of grass plants before tillage:
H——number of grass plants after tillage.
5 Determination of crop damage rate
It is carried out in the crop growth survey point (see 3.3.2.4). Investigate the percentage of injured seedlings, buried seedlings, etc. in the total number of seedlings within the measured length, and explain the reasons. Measure 2 points each way and record in Table 6. S
Where: S——crop damage rate;
M——total number of seedlings within the measured length;
×100%
M——total number of injured seedlings and buried seedlings within the measured length. 4.3.6 The measurement of the working quality of the trenching and earthing device
can be carried out in accordance with the measurement method of the inter-cultivation working parts in 4.3.1, and recorded in Table 11, and the cross-sectional diagrams before and after trenching and earthing are attached to the table. Measurement of the stability of the trenching depth of each row and the consistency of the trenching depth of each row 4.3.6.1*
Measured at the general trenching depth, the depth stability is measured from the longitudinal cross-sectional diagram, and the consistency of the trenching of each row is measured from the transverse cross-sectional diagram. When measuring the transverse cross-sectional diagram, first measure the cross-sectional surface of the fallen soil on the trench bottom, then remove the fallen soil and measure the trench bottom cross-sectional diagram, measure the consistency of the soil at the base of each row of trenches from the diagram, and measure the stability of the soil at the base of each row of trenches on the longitudinal cross-sectional diagram. 4.3.6.2* Determination of the close contact between the mounding and the base of the crop stems. According to the requirements of different row spacings, the measurement shall be conducted at the maximum depth and general depth. It can also be measured from the transverse section diagram and recorded in Table 11. 4.3.6.3 Determination of trenching and mounding cross-section
According to the requirements of different row spacings, the measurement shall be conducted at the maximum depth and general depth. The bottom width, top width, slope angle, depth and mounding height of the trench, the thickness of the trench base soil and the floating soil on the trench wall and other data shall be measured from the transverse section diagram and recorded in Table 11. 4.3.7 Determination of the adaptability of fertilization depth
Same as 4.3.2.
4.3.8 Determination of fertilizer application accuracy
- Accuracy of fertilizer application:
Where: z
J——actual fertilizer application, kg/hm2:
JB/T7864-1999
×100%·
f——estimated fertilizer application (in terms of slip rate), kg/hm2. Before and after fertilization, the fertilizer in the box should be weighed, and the actual fertilizer application per hectare should be calculated based on the number of hectares of fertilizer applied, and recorded in Table 12. 4.3.9* Determination of ground wheel slip rate and sinking depth (5)
The slip rate can be determined by the method of measuring distance with a fixed number of circles. The measuring length should be no less than 20m, and the round trip should be measured twice each. At the same time, the sinking depth of the ground wheel and the contour wheel should be measured at no less than 10 points. Recorded in Table 13. =LD ×100%.
Where: 6
-slip ratio;
actual distance of wheel rotation, m;
D-wheel diameter, m;
n-wheel revolutions, rimin.
Note: For rigid wheels, the outermost edge of the wheel is measured, and the protrusions outside the rim are not counted; for rubber wheels, the net radius after the tire is loaded is measured, and the pattern is not counted. 4.3.10 Determination of traction resistance and required power of tillage and fertilizer application machine According to the types of working parts, the traction resistance (or specific resistance) and power of soil working parts such as tillage shovel, fertilizer opener, and soil cultivator are measured during operation. The test should be carried out under the conditions of maximum tillage depth (according to agricultural technical requirements) and general tillage depth. Record in Table 14.
4.3. 10.1
Determination of rolling resistance of tillage and fertilization machine
Lift the soil filling working parts, put the whole machine in working state (ground wheels and contour wheels are in contact with the ground), and measure at the same working speed. : Determination of working resistance of tillage and fertilization machine
4.3. 10. 2
a) The traction resistance of all soil working parts when the tillage and fertilization machine is in operation. b) Working resistance of working parts: the working resistance of the tillage and fertilization machine minus the rolling resistance of the tillage and fertilization machine. c) The traction resistance of a single set of shovels or a single fertilizer opener or soil raiser 4.3.10.3 Working resistance of the tillage and fertilization machine when equipped with a hoe Working resistance is calculated according to formula (7):
Working resistance of the tillage and fertilization machine, N/am2:
Where: K—
P——Working resistance of the tillage and fertilization machine, N: 4——The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the tillage depth and width of each set of shovels, cm2. 4.3.10.4 Determination of power required for the tillage and fertilization machine (7)
When using various working parts or compound operations, it is carried out at the maximum and general depths and speeds suitable for tillage and fertilization operations. 6
One traction power consumption, kW;
Where: M
JB/T7864-1999
P Traction resistance of the machine in a certain working gear, N: One travel speed, m/s.
4.3.10.5 Rated traction utilization and rated power utilization of the tillage and fertilizer machine: R=
Wherein: P-
Traction utilization, %;
Effective traction, kW;
Traction power utilization, %
Traction power consumed by the machine, kW;
Traction power, kW:
Total power utilization, %:
Total power consumed by the machine, kW.
Operation speed measurement
×100%
Measure the actual travel speed of the tractor (m/s) during each operation. The measurement is carried out within a distance of 50-100m in the test area of the tillage and fertilizer machine. Production test
The purpose of the production test is mainly to make the machine pass the large-scale production test to assess its reliability, durability, regional adaptability and economic indicators. The production test area shall be no less than 35hm2 per meter width and shall be carried out in different growth periods of crops. 5.1 Test prototype
The prototype of the production test must be in good technical condition, and any problems found shall be recorded. 2 Determination using economic indicators
Each operation shall be checked for no less than three consecutive shifts, and each shift shall work no less than 6h. Determine the time consumption of each item, calculate the economic indicators used and make records.
5.2.1 Productivity
Total operation duration hour productivity
Where: E—
Total operation duration hour productivity, hmz/h: Shift operation volume during the production assessment period, hm2: Q
Shift operation time during the production assessment period, h. T
5.2.1.2 Pure working hour productivity
Pure working hour productivity, hmz/h;
Where: E
JB/T 7864-1999
Qeb——the shift workload determined by production, hm; Pure working time determined by production, h.
Time utilization
Where: k
Time utilization, %
Total duration of each shift, h.
Reliability in use
Where: K
Reliability in use, %;
×100%
x100%·
Fault elimination time of the machine in each shift during the production assessment, h. 5.2.4 Adjustment and maintenance convenience
ET,+ETb
Where: K——adjustment and maintenance convenience during the production assessment period, %: Tb
Each adjustment and maintenance time of the machine during the production assessment period, h. 5.2.5*Process service coefficient
Refers to the downtime for adding fertilizer, etc.
Where: T——process service coefficient, %; Tw——process service time, h.
5.2.6 Fuel consumption
Where: G——Fuel consumption per unit of work, kg/hm2: G.
Main fuel consumption of the production inspection shift,. Record the above calculation results.
(15)）
(18）
The processing parts (such as drilling, cold bending, welding, painting, etc.) of parts made of corrosion-resistant materials such as alloyed steel plates should be carefully observed. If any abnormal situation occurs, it must be recorded in detail. 6
Test report content
The origin and purpose of the test task (including the test prototype model, research and development unit, test time, etc.). Agricultural technical requirements and test conditions in the test area. Brief introduction to the various operating technical characteristics of the test prototype (with photos of the whole machine and operating status and schematic diagrams of the arrangement of working parts for each operation).
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