GB/T 14497-1993 Groundwater resources management model working requirements
Some standard content:
UDC 556.18
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 14497—93
Requirements for the work of groundwater resources management model
Issued on June 19, 1993
Implemented on March 1, 1994
Issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision
1st edition
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Requirements for the work of groundwater resources management model
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GB/T 14497--93
1.1 This specification defines the basic requirements for the management of groundwater resources, the monitoring of groundwater resources and the preparation of reports during the management period.
1.2 This specification is applicable to the management of groundwater resources in urban areas and large-scale industrial and mining bases and agricultural and irrigation areas. 1.3 The purpose of the groundwater resource management system is to: 1.3.1 Provide optimal solutions for the rational development and utilization of groundwater, so as to achieve good economic, social and ecological benefits under economic and technical feasibility and reasonable conditions. At the macro level, provide a scientific basis for national regulation and development, market planning, industrial and agricultural production and industrial structure adjustment;
1.3.2 Provide a scientific basis for the protection of the geological environment and ecological environment of groundwater sources, the management and development and utilization of groundwater resources, and the evaluation of relevant economic and technical policies. 1.4 Main tasks of groundwater resource management model 1.4.1 On the basis of fully collecting and utilizing existing hydrogeological data, supplement necessary hydrogeological work, identify the structure and boundary conditions of the existing aquifer system, establish hydrogeological model and groundwater simulation model (including water quality model and water quality model) to predict and forecast different development plans.
1.4.2 Comprehensively investigate and analyze the distribution, development and utilization of groundwater resources and surface water resources in the management area, supply and demand, ecological environment, social economy and development characteristics, etc., select groundwater resource management objectives and constraints based on the groundwater model, establish groundwater resource model, and use system engineering methods to seek the optimal solution for groundwater resource development. 1.4.3 Comprehensively evaluate the optimal solution for groundwater development proposed by the project and make the best solution. 1.4.4 The groundwater resource management system must be in operation, and the groundwater resource management system must be improved. 1.5 The groundwater resource management model work should be based on the existing groundwater resource evaluation work. In the work, the existing groundwater resource performance and monitoring data should be fully utilized. 1.5.2 In the work, the system engineering method should be used to plan the exploration work, guide the establishment and comprehensive evaluation of the groundwater source model. 1.5.3 In the work, the natural factors should be identified, and the constraints and influences of anthropogenic factors on the development and utilization of groundwater resources and the geological environment should be studied to explore the optimal plan for the development of groundwater resources under the influence of comprehensive factors. 1.5.4 The necessary exploration and testing work should be appropriately supplemented. The long-term monitoring of groundwater and surface water and the monitoring of environmental geological problems caused by groundwater development should be strengthened. 1.5.5 For regional work, the method of combining points and regions, and combining regional management models with key area management models can be adopted. 1.5.6 The research on important countermeasures such as comprehensive development of water resources, joint development of groundwater and surface water, resource utilization of sewage and transformation of water-saving society should be proposed.
7.5.7 The work should focus on water-deficient cities and industrial and mining bases that are mainly supplied by groundwater, and the development and research level is relatively high. The groundwater development and research should be carried out in areas where the environment and ecological environment are in urgent need of management. 1.5. The groundwater resource management model should be closely coordinated with the work of the relevant regulatory departments in the management area to fully develop the economic and social benefits of the work results.
2 Reference standards
L244 Urban thermal and water supply and demand hydrogeological survey specifications D255 Urban environmental geological work frequency pool
3 Design document preparation and approval
3.1 When carrying out indirect work on groundwater resources, there must be clear objectives and tasks, and sufficient project basis. Before preparing the design, the existing geological, cultural, geological and socio-economic conditions of the area should be integrated. When environmental data are insufficient, necessary on-site cross-regional investigations should be carried out. The design should be scaled back in accordance with the principle of rational use of comprehensive research methods and consideration of economic efficiency. 3.2 The design document is divided into the overall design document and the single design document. 3.2.1 The overall design document is the overall work plan of the project company. Its content generally includes the work schedule, the degree of research of the work area, natural geography, geological and hydrogeological data, resource development and utilization solutions and major environmental geological problems, hydrogeological concepts, simulation models and management models, the deployment and basis of various projects, work basis and methods, work deadlines and schedules, economic calculations, organization and preparation of work, and expected results. The overall design document should have the necessary drawings: technical geological maps (including hydrogeological maps), water development and utilization solution maps and engineering layout maps, etc. 3.2.2 The single design document is prepared for special projects with long professional characteristics, large physical workload, and long investment cycle. 3.2.3 For projects that span multiple years, an annual implementation plan should be prepared under the guidance of the overall concept and individual design. 3.3 National-level projects, provincial-level projects, bureau-level projects and their local projects shall be approved by the relevant procedures of the relevant scientific research departments.
4 Basic requirements for data collection and supplementary survey work 4.1 This period
4.1.1 The main purpose of data collection and supplementary survey is to clarify the hydrogeological conditions of the management area to provide a basis for the local water resources management model, compile all the data required for the generalization and modeling of hydrogeological conditions, and 4.1.2 On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the existing hydrogeological survey results, the work of establishing groundwater quantity management model, water quality management model and integrated management model should be carried out. Specialized training and research, supplemented by appropriate supplementary survey work when necessary, including the completion of groundwater dynamics plan system,
4.1.3 The work model should be determined according to the overall plan of urban, industrial and mining bases, agricultural (animal husbandry) facilities and development, combined with the tasks of hydrogeological data and vertical models, and should try to include complete hydrogeological units. 4.1. The accuracy of the annual work should meet the requirements of groundwater resource management in different periods of time. The groundwater resource management model of cities and medium-sized industrial and mining areas requires detailed survey, and the survey accuracy above the age exploration stage is required. For the management of natural groundwater resources in rural areas, different survey accuracies can be set according to the specific conditions of the management area, and the survey accuracy requirements can be appropriately reduced. 4.1.5 The unity of groundwater and environment must be respected, and the comprehensive management content must be developed. The targeted conditions and optimization principles in the project layout should be investigated to improve the accuracy of the model.
4.1.5.1 In the work, it is required to find out the formation, distribution and storage conditions of groundwater, as well as the independent relationship with the environment. 4.1.5.2 In the work, the transformation relationship between precipitation, surface water, aeration zone water and groundwater in terms of quality and quantity must be found out. 4.1.5.3 The development and utilization status of water resources in the temporary management area should be investigated, as well as the social, economic, environmental and ecological issues related to the development of permanent resources.
4.1.5.4 The content of the investigation work, the process of the exploration project and the establishment plan should take into account the characteristics and requirements of the groundwater simulation model and the management model to improve the utilization rate of the exploration data. At the same time, the model technology should be fully and used to identify the hydrogeological conditions and guide the exploration work. 2
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4.2 Regional hydrogeological conditions that need to be identified in model building4.2.1 The main purpose of identifying regional hydrogeological conditions is to establish a correct hydrogeological conceptual model to provide regional water balance background data.
4.2.2 The main contents of the geological background survey include: geomorphology, lithology, geology, Quaternary geology and geomorphological characteristics4.2.3 The main contents of the regional hydrogeological background survey include: groundwater recharge, runoff, storage and discharge conditions; hydrodynamics, hydrochemical characteristics and the law of water property changes.
4.2.4. The main contents of regional water balance research: a. The temporal distribution characteristics of water resources and precipitation and the conditions of precipitation input; b. The precipitation rate, sedimentation, sand content, riverbed sedimentation rate of rivers, water level and quality of surface water, water density and its connection to recharge groundwater; d. The characteristics of regional vegetation and crops, the transport characteristics of vadose zone water and its water characteristics; d. The mutual transformation characteristics of precipitation, surface water, vadose zone water and groundwater and its water balance; 4.3 The analysis and investigation of hydrogeological data in the management area; 4.3.1 The structure of the water system (stratum) in the management area and its internal water distribution conditions shall be clarified. The specific contents include: The burial distribution of aquifers, groundwater types (phreatic water, confined water) and their temporal and spatial characteristics, main hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer system (conductivity, adaptability, water retention coefficient, unit water yield, etc.) and its heterogeneous zoning, distribution characteristics of groundwater head under different periods (ancient, normal, long-term) and different mining conditions in the management area and their dynamic rules. 4.3.2 Identify the inverse boundary of the aquifer system in the management area and its water exchange records with the outside. 4.3.2.1 Identify the infiltration conditions of the bare area of the aquifer system Conditions, location and distribution range of the exploration area:
h. Topographic conditions and geological and water exchange characteristics of the aeration zone! Exposure system and permeability per unit area. c.
4.3.2.2 Identify the vertical water exchange phenomena of the aquifer in the treatment area. A.
b. Water exchange method (high density, low density, etc.): vertical water exchange conditions (water head drop, thinness coefficient, overflow system) and intensity. c.
4.3.2.3 Identify the vertical water exchange phenomena of the aquifer in the treatment area. Water exchange conditions of aquifer systems. Geological types of boundaries (aquifer types, geological phase changes, faults, groundwater watersheds and surface water boundaries, etc.). a.
Distribution and location of various block boundaries!
Hydraulic properties of various adversities (water barrier, constant head, variable head, full flow, variable flow) and their water level, flow characteristics and dynamic laws.
4.3.3 The state of infiltration water flow in the underground area of the rocky area during the same period (dry, normal, and water-locked periods) and under different conditions. In the Yanluan area, attention should be paid to whether there is any 4.3.4 Identify the recharge, storage and discharge characteristics of groundwater in the management area; 4.3.5 Identify the water balance conditions of groundwater under natural conditions; 4.4 Investigation of groundwater quality and pollution in the management area; 4.4.7 Investigation of groundwater chemical elements; a. Groundwater chemical types and their temporal and spatial changes; b. Background values of each chemical component in groundwater; c. Distribution range, causes and their relationship with environmental ecological factors of the adverse natural factors that need to be controlled; 4.4.2 Investigation of groundwater pollution.
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4.4.2.1 The current status of groundwater and its risk level; 3. The sources of groundwater pollution and the distribution, migration, diffusion law, concentration and pollution level of the main pollutants in the groundwater; 4.4.2.2 The impact of groundwater drainage on water quality and the temporal and spatial changes of water quality; 4.4.2.3 The correlation between groundwater pollution and environmental ecology: the impact of atmospheric evaporation and deterioration of water quality on groundwater quality; 4.4.2.4 The impact of industrial sewage discharge and agricultural pollution on groundwater quality, including the discharge of various pollutants; the water quality of sewage micro-leakage and its treatment and comprehensive utilization; 4.4.2.5 The impact of deterioration of the environmental quality of the aeration zone on groundwater quality. 4.4.2.6 The self-purification function of aquifers and their environmental capacity. 4.5 Survey on the development and utilization status of water resources in the management area 4.5.1 Population, regional scale and layout and its development plan. 4.5.2 The current status of industrial and agricultural production and its development plan. 4.5.3 Major water resource issues, including: types of water supply sources and the amount of water used and development process: current water demand and water shortage for life and industry and agriculture; forecast of future water demand and its water supply plan; water resource management status and existing problems. 4.6 Environmental and ecological issues related to groundwater development 4.6.1 The formation of groundwater level drop and its development trend. 4.6.2 The consequences of excessive exploitation or drainage of groundwater, dead water in wells, springs, water erosion, water layer decomposition, and groundwater discharge.
4.6.3 The detrimental effects of improper groundwater extraction on the environment and ecology 4.6.3.1 The degradation of vegetation, desertification, crop yield reduction and water quality deterioration caused by the decline of regional groundwater levels on human health.
4.6.3.2 The precautions and development process of environmental geological events such as seawater intrusion, ground subsidence, landslides and rifting caused by improper groundwater extraction.
4.6.4 The impact of changes in the local environment and ecology and the quality and quantity of groundwater, the difficulty of groundwater release on the groundwater recharge conditions and the secondary salinization caused by groundwater leakage. 4.7 Work accuracy requirements
4.7.1 The degree of control of the survey work, in general, requires that the groundwater level control points should not be less than 10% of the total number of model nodes, and the total distribution should be sufficient to control the parameter area, soil boundary, severe change zone and pollution conditions. 4.7.2 The length of the observation time series, for most of the models, a groundwater dynamic observation series data of more than 10 years is required: for the parameter model in the plan, generally, the current data of not less than 100-1500 cycles are required: for some aquifers with obvious post-discharge characteristics such as the northern karst aquifer, a system of observation data of more than 1000 years is required, and advanced meteorological observation data are required. 4.7.3 The zoning must be based on the hydrogeological division, and should be based on the comprehensive information provided by the survey work, and the lithology, geological structure, hydrodynamics, hydrochemistry, water composition and other characteristics should be comprehensively verified. 4.7.4 The survey and statistics of groundwater extraction (or the amount of groundwater drainage and condensation) should be synchronized with the observation of groundwater level and water quality as much as possible. Generally, there should be at least one synchronous statistical data in one fund. 4.7.5 When there are many open wells in the water quality area, they can be classified according to the mining conditions (such as year-round quasi-night mining, seasonal or intermittent mining wells, etc.) and the size of the water output. In each type of well, select 1/5 to 1/3 of the water from the water wells and use it as the main statistical head of the water. 4.7.6 When the groundwater head appears in the form of large-scale elimination, the surface and the growth and strength of the water should be observed and counted. 4.7.7 For the main lateral and vertical water exchange areas, in addition to certain engineering control, the total number of exploration projects or monitoring control points should be no less than 20% of the number of nodes in the horizontal water exchange area across the boundary. 4.7.8 The standard elements or indicators (such as water quality, mineralization, etc.) used as simulation factors of the water quality model must be closely related to the quality of the pollution, have good stability, and be able to reflect the pollution trend. GB/T 1449793
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4.7.9 The determination of the compensation coefficient shall be based on the hydrogeological conditions and take into account the economic benefits. The selection of field tests, indoor experiments or experience comparisons shall all take into account the representativeness of the field test sites and the determination of indoor experimental conditions. 4.7.10 Various supplementary survey work (including hydrogeological mapping, geophysical exploration, drilling, testing, water sampling, soil sampling and rock sampling and analysis) shall be carried out. 4.7.12 When there is a hydraulic system between surface water and groundwater, a surface water flow monitoring station should be set up at the place where the river (water collection) in the area flows into or outflows from the main stream, where the branch gradually flows into the main stream, where the groundwater flows into the main stream, and where the groundwater flows into the main stream. In addition, when necessary, the monitoring station should be set up for the monitoring of the temporal surface and the water pool. 4.7.13 When the groundwater receives the inflow of precipitation over a large area, it is necessary to build a test site for aeration zone water to measure the relationship between the groundwater and precipitation intensity, the depth change of aeration zone groundwater and other factors. 4.7.14 For the regional resource observation stage and the agricultural and medical groundwater resource management model, the requirements for the training and reporting of the model can be obtained. ||tt ||5 Establishment of groundwater resource management model
5.1 Generalization of hydrogeological conditions in the management area
5.1.1 The generalization of hydrogeological conditions in the management area must be consistent with the actual hydrogeological conditions of the area. Distortion is strictly prohibited. 5.1.2 The internal structure of the aquifer system should be generalized into the type, lithology, thickness, hydraulic conductivity (water permeability) of the aquifer, and the internal structure should be generalized into the type, lithology, thickness, hydraulic conductivity (water permeability) of the aquifer. 5.1.3. The vertical boundary condition can be transformed into the first type boundary condition + the second type boundary condition and the second type boundary condition. The vertical boundary condition can be transformed into the boundary condition with water exchange and the boundary condition without water exchange. 5.1.4 Analysis of hydrodynamic conditions should include the groundwater flow state. The groundwater flow in the area can be classified into steady or unsteady flow, one-dimensional flow, two-dimensional plane flow or profile flow, three-dimensional flow, etc. wwW.bzxz.Net
5.1.5 Analysis of source and sink items should be classified into point wells, area wells or manhole wells according to the characteristics of exploitation and distribution in the area. According to the characteristics of precipitation, evaporation, the low-lying or low-lying aquifers, and the inflow and outflow characteristics of various surface water sources in the area, they can be classified into unit direct recharge rate or total unit recharge rate.
5.1.5 Analysis of water quality conditions should include: 1. Based on the pollution of groundwater in the management area and its harm to industrial, agricultural and domestic water use, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of groundwater quality deterioration after exploitation, and the current hydrogeochemical analysis of the relevant pollution sources. According to the degree of research on the process, determine the simulated solids entering the management model; according to the solubility of the pollution and the groundwater, generalize the pollutants into insoluble substances and miscible substances (formerly known as "center"); determine the influence of the mass generation and concentration changes of the fluid on the fluid density, viscosity, density and mass migration; d. According to the magnitude of the groundwater flow rate, generalize the mechanism of hydrodynamic dispersion into molecular diffusion or convective diffusion; analyze the aquifer, internal structure and special experimental results, judge the changes in water head and swelling in three dimensions, and generalize the mass migration state into one-dimensional flow, two-dimensional flow or three-dimensional flow. 5.2 Membrane modeling of groundwater system
5.2.1 Types of models and their use requirements. 5.2.1.1 Pre-existing groundwater system model Type: Mathematical model, which can be further divided into distributed numerical model and concentrated numerical model: b. Physical model, which can be further divided into continuous electrical simulation model and discrete electrical simulation model. 52.1.2 Requirements for the use of the model:
8. The distributed numerical model has the form of partial differential equations. It can be solved by finite difference or finite element numerical method. This model can be used to accurately evaluate groundwater resources and point-by-point forecasting system of water level or solute concentration. b. Medium parameter model (including regional water balance model, regression model and time-planning model, etc.), which is usually used in the planning stage to evaluate the regional resources of groundwater and the average water level of groundwater in the forecasting area: c. The typical medium parameter model scoring model can be used as an approximation. Conditions for selecting management models: d: The mathematical model should be able to characterize the essence of the system and be concise and easy to implement. 5.2.2 Model identification and verification
5.2.2. Model identification by systematic modeling. After the model is established, the correctness of the established mathematical model and boundary conditions must be verified by analyzing the input and output results of the groundwater system model, and the model parameters must be identified to make the calculated data consistent with the actual observation data.
5.2.2.2 For areas with small subsidence depth, the water level fitting nodes with an absolute difference of less than 0.5m must account for more than 70% of the known water level nodes. For areas with deeper depth (greater than 10), the water level fitting nodes with a relative difference of less than 10% must account for more than 70% of the known water level nodes.
5.2.2.3 The fitting accuracy of water source concentration depends on the degree of error of the appropriate simulation factors. In general, the absolute error of the fitting range should be controlled within the analysis error precision. The nodes that meet the water quality liquid concentration error precision requirement should account for more than 55% of the nodes with known groundwater concentration.
5.2.2.4 For areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, the fitting accuracy of groundwater level and water quality concentration can be appropriately reduced. 5.2.2.5 The model after identification should be tested to see whether it correctly describes the essential characteristics of the groundwater system. The test equation must use the identified data, and through the insertion and elimination of the groundwater system model, the calculation results can best fit the data with the actual observation data.
5.2.2.6 The model after identification and verification can be used for the prediction of groundwater resources. The model boundary used for prediction must be consistent with the boundary sensitivity of the identified model. The water level, water volume and fall and the conditions of the points should be consistent. As the forecast period progresses, the choice of forecast period (flood season, normal water season, dry season) must be adjusted accordingly, and the groundwater level or concentration data of the dry season (or dry season) can be used to predict the groundwater movement in the drought season or half-dry season in future years. 5.3 Optimization of groundwater resource management
The optimization of groundwater resource management requires that it be achieved by establishing a groundwater system model based on the groundwater system modeling
5.3.1 Groundwater resource management model
5.3.1.1 Groundwater resource management models include groundwater quality management model and groundwater quality management model. 5.3.1.2 The groundwater resource management model must be clearly defined. The following contents shall be determined: management area, management period: groundwater resource management objectives: the objectives to be achieved by the groundwater resource management model include the optimal water level drop, optimal yield, groundwater pollution discharge control and minimum investment. The objectives of the groundwater resource management model can be single-objective management or multi-objective management. The management objectives are usually expressed in terms of rainfall effect. Constraints on groundwater resource management: in the process of achieving management objectives, it is often constrained by social, economic, environmental and technical conditions. These constraints are often concretized as water balance constraints, water resource constraints, demand constraints, environmental constraints and non-negative constraints: water constraints are usually expressed in terms of water Or salt theory or groundwater flow state equation, groundwater melting point migration equation, etc. as other constraints to enter the management model. The groundwater resource management model is ultimately composed of two parts: target constraints and constraints. It can be a linear or non-linear planning model.
5.3.1.3 There are strategic planning, nonlinear planning, dynamic planning, etc. to solve the optimization problem of groundwater resource management. Linear planning is one of the commonly used methods.
5.3.1.4 The standard form of the strategic planning problem is shown in formula (1). The standard function maxz=
satisfies:
Where, the -
standard function
value coefficient2.2. Identification of the model through the process of modeling. After the model is established, the input and output results of the groundwater system model must be analyzed to verify the correctness of the established mathematical constants and boundary conditions, and the model parameters must be identified to ensure that the calculated data are consistent with the actual observation data.
5.2.2.2 For areas with small subsidence depth, the water level fitting nodes with an absolute difference of less than 0.5m must account for more than 70% of the known water level nodes. For areas with deep water depth (greater than 10), the water level fitting nodes with a relative difference of less than 10% must account for more than 70% of the known water level nodes.
5.2.2.3 The fitting accuracy of water quality concentration depends on the average error of the simulation factors. In general, the absolute error of the fitting range should be controlled within the analytical error accuracy. The nodes that meet the requirements of the water quality concentration error accuracy should account for more than 55% of the known water quality concentration nodes.
5.2.2.4 For areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, the fitting accuracy of groundwater level and water quality concentration can be appropriately reduced. 5.2.2.5 The identified model should be tested to see whether it correctly describes the essential characteristics of the groundwater system. The test equation must use the identified data, and through the input and output of the groundwater system model, the calculation results can best fit the data with the actual observation data.
5.2.2.6 The model after identification and verification can be used for the prediction of groundwater resources. The model boundary used for prediction must be consistent with the boundary of the identified model, and the water level, water volume and fall and the conditions of the points should be consistent. As the forecast period progresses, the choice of forecast period (flood season, normal water season, dry season) must be adjusted accordingly, and the groundwater level or concentration data of the dry season (or dry season) can be used to predict the groundwater movement in the drought season or half-dry season in future years. 5.3 Optimization of groundwater resource management
The optimization of groundwater resource management requires that it be achieved by establishing a groundwater system model based on the groundwater system modeling
5.3.1 Groundwater resource management model
5.3.1.1 Groundwater resource management models include groundwater quality management model and groundwater quality management model. 5.3.1.2 The groundwater resource management model must be clearly defined. The following contents shall be determined: management area, management period: groundwater resource management objectives: the objectives to be achieved by the groundwater resource management model include the optimal water level drop, optimal yield, groundwater pollution discharge control and minimum investment. The objectives of the groundwater resource management model can be single-objective management or multi-objective management. The management objectives are usually expressed in terms of rainfall effect. Constraints on groundwater resource management: in the process of achieving management objectives, it is often constrained by social, economic, environmental and technical conditions. These constraints are often concretized as water balance constraints, water resource constraints, demand constraints, environmental constraints and non-negative constraints: water constraints are usually expressed in terms of water Or salt theory or groundwater flow state equation, groundwater melting point migration equation, etc. as other constraints to enter the management model. The groundwater resource management model is ultimately composed of two parts: target constraints and constraints. It can be a linear or non-linear planning model.
5.3.1.3 There are strategic planning, nonlinear planning, dynamic planning, etc. to solve the optimization problem of groundwater resource management. Linear planning is one of the commonly used methods.
5.3.1.4 The standard form of the strategic planning problem is shown in formula (1). The standard function maxz=
satisfies:
Where, the -
standard function
value coefficient2.2. Identification of the model through the process of modeling. After the model is established, the input and output results of the groundwater system model must be analyzed to verify the correctness of the established mathematical constants and boundary conditions, and the model parameters must be identified to ensure that the calculated data are consistent with the actual observation data.
5.2.2.2 For areas with small subsidence depth, the water level fitting nodes with an absolute difference of less than 0.5m must account for more than 70% of the known water level nodes. For areas with deep water depth (greater than 10), the water level fitting nodes with a relative difference of less than 10% must account for more than 70% of the known water level nodes.
5.2.2.3 The fitting accuracy of water quality concentration depends on the average error of the simulation factors. In general, the absolute error of the fitting range should be controlled within the analytical error accuracy. The nodes that meet the requirements of the water quality concentration error accuracy should account for more than 55% of the known water quality concentration nodes.
5.2.2.4 For areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, the fitting accuracy of groundwater level and water quality concentration can be appropriately reduced. 5.2.2.5 The identified model should be tested to see whether it correctly describes the essential characteristics of the groundwater system. The test equation must use the identified data, and through the input and output of the groundwater system model, the calculation results can best fit the data with the actual observation data.
5.2.2.6 The model after identification and verification can be used for the prediction of groundwater resources. The model boundary used for prediction must be consistent with the boundary of the identified model, and the water level, water volume and fall and the conditions of the points should be consistent. As the forecast period progresses, the choice of forecast period (flood season, normal water season, dry season) must be adjusted accordingly, and the groundwater level or concentration data of the dry season (or dry season) can be used to predict the groundwater movement in the drought season or half-dry season in future years. 5.3 Optimization of groundwater resource management
The optimization of groundwater resource management requires that it be achieved by establishing a groundwater system model based on the groundwater system modeling
5.3.1 Groundwater resource management model
5.3.1.1 Groundwater resource management models include groundwater quality management model and groundwater quality management model. 5.3.1.2 The groundwater resource management model must be clearly defined. The following contents shall be determined: management area, management period: groundwater resource management objectives: the objectives to be achieved by the groundwater resource management model include the optimal water level drop, optimal yield, groundwater pollution discharge control and minimum investment. The objectives of the groundwater resource management model can be single-objective management or multi-objective management. The management objectives are usually expressed in terms of rainfall effect. Constraints on groundwater resource management: in the process of achieving management objectives, it is often constrained by social, economic, environmental and technical conditions. These constraints are often concretized as water balance constraints, water resource constraints, demand constraints, environmental constraints and non-negative constraints: water constraints are usually expressed in terms of water Or salt theory or groundwater flow state equation, groundwater melting point migration equation, etc. as other constraints to enter the management model. The groundwater resource management model is ultimately composed of two parts: target constraints and constraints. It can be a linear or non-linear planning model.
5.3.1.3 There are strategic planning, nonlinear planning, dynamic planning, etc. to solve the optimization problem of groundwater resource management. Linear planning is one of the commonly used methods.
5.3.1.4 The standard form of the strategic planning problem is shown in formula (1). The standard function maxz=
satisfies:
Where, the -
standard function
value coefficient0≤4
where, 3, is the coefficient of each row after the transformation of the basis, and (=1,2,,\). 5.4.2.2 Determination of the limited range of changes in the constraints. If the first constraint condition changes, and other conditions remain unchanged, b;=6, +4, 46.
When the optimal solution is required, there is:
i=l,2+,m
Then the range of changes of 6, can be seen in formula (6), m[ar>
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where. is the coefficient value of the variable after the transformation of the basis, and (=1,2,,\). 5.4.3 The results of sensitivity demonstration can be expressed in tables and diagrams. 5.4.4 The results of extreme sensitivity demonstration can determine the numerical range of the optimal solution of the groundwater welding model. According to the results of sensitivity demonstration, under the premise of maintaining the stability of the optimal results of the light management model, the upper and lower limits of the coefficients of the target function and the upper and lower limits of the change of the coefficients of the terminal term are obtained: b. Determine the reliability of the groundwater management model, 5.5 Degree of groundwater resource management 5.5-1 Through the operation of the original groundwater management model, several optimization plans for groundwater development and utilization under different management periods and different policies can be obtained.
5.5.2 Each optimization plan must be comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of technical feasibility, economic rationality, ecological and environmental balance, and the combination of short-term development and utilization and long-term planning. 5.5.3 Propose conclusive suggestions for the management, development and use of groundwater, including the selection of early management and drainage periods, the determination of groundwater permanent mining and artificial drainage schemes, and the design of sewage drainage projects. 5.5.4 When selecting water supply sources, dry years should be used as the evaluation criteria. Conversely, when selecting drainage schemes, wet years should be used as the evaluation criteria. 5.6 Modification of groundwater resource management models Ensure the appropriate operation of groundwater resource management models and improve the social, economic and natural conditions of the management area. Since the factors affecting groundwater resources are constantly changing, the groundwater resource management model must be regularly revised over time to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the model. 6 Monitoring work during the management period
6.1 Monitoring work during the management period Monitoring is an indispensable part of groundwater resource management and must be included in the design of monitoring work in the groundwater resource management plan. The monitoring network must be established and completed step by step during the implementation of the management plan. 6-2 Daily monitoring tasks during the management period: monitor the dynamics of groundwater development in the operation of the management model; monitor the development and progress of environmental factors related to groundwater; monitor the effects of various groundwater prevention and control projects and technologies on the dynamic deterioration of groundwater development and the occurrence and development of environmental geological effects; according to the acquired monitoring data, timely correct the existing groundwater resource management model, make new reports on the dynamics of groundwater development and harmful environmental geological effects, and study and implement prevention and control measures. 6.3 Monitoring projects 6.31 Monitoring projects of groundwater development and mining efficiency 6.3.1.1 Monitoring projects of groundwater level and drainage volume. Including groundwater level, water intake and drainage volume in various extraction and drainage projects: height and flow of artesian wells and springs above the ground: total groundwater extraction in the entire management area and various concentrated water sources. 5.3.1.2 Groundwater quality monitoring. The following items include water quality classification, pollutants, oxygen, oxygen, oxygen, oxygen, chemical oxygen radicals, biological oxygen consumption, bacteria and E. coli, etc. In addition, according to the different characteristics of the pollution sources, the corresponding toxic elements, radioactive elements and special groups of monitoring items should be added. 6.3.1.3 Survey and statistical items on the benefits of groundwater development. Generally include the water extraction rate and cost, unit energy consumption (energy consumed per 1m of groundwater) and total energy consumption; unit cost and water price of groundwater, surface water and other recycled water sources; the number of various types of wells opened in the year, the number of wells opened due to various reasons. Calculate or collect data on water consumption per 10,000 yuan of output value in the management area, the reuse rate of water, water treatment costs, and economic losses caused by water shortage or poor water quality. 6.3.2 Monitoring items for artificial groundwater regulation 6.3.2.1 Monitoring items for artificial groundwater reduction shall generally include return time, return temperature adjustment, return pressure water level, return rise time and return water level; the age of the surface recovery project; the quality of the water source, return water and groundwater after avoidance: the cost of groundwater extraction in the recovery area, GR/T14497-93 6.3.2.2 Monitoring items for reservoirs, including the water quality standards and water storage tanks of the reservoirs, the water intake of the water collection project in the groundwater reservoir area and the annual water supply of the reservoir, the water quality of the replenishment water source and the water quality of the extraction process of the groundwater reservoir; 6.3.3 Monitoring items for harmful geological effects on the environment 6.3.3.1 Monitoring items for surface reduction. The first part should include ground subsidence benchmarks (i.e., ground level points) and the amount of subsidence (including the annual maximum subsidence, estimated subsidence base, annual average subsidence rate), the main subsidence time of the year, the scope, area, extension of the subsidence funnel, the center position of the funnel and the subsidence plate.
6.3.3.2 Monitoring items of ground subsidence. Generally, it should include the time and location of the collapse point, the number of months, shape, size, depth, arrangement direction of the collapse point, the name of the rock in the blast pit, the water inflow, new water (secretion), water absorption and other conditions. When ground fissures occur in the management area, the time of occurrence, direction, shape, width, depth, horizontal and vertical displacement of the ground on both sides of the crack chain should also be monitored: 6.3.33 Monitoring items for seawater intrusion (including intrusion of groundwater bodies with poor quality) and working conditions of its prevention facilities. The main monitoring items include the water level of oil and water in coastal areas, water level rise, water level of special monitoring wells, water pumping or injection base and water quality, and the distance, scope, area, speed and degree of groundwater transformation and effectiveness of seawater intrusion prevention projects should be determined on the basis of comprehensive monitoring data. 6.3.3.4 Investigation on hazards of environmental geological effects. Including damage and economic losses caused by harmful environmental geological effects such as ground subsidence, subsidence and cracking to urban buildings, roads, sewers and other urban engineering facilities, clothing, fishing nests and pumping wells; casualties should be counted for potential subsidence and ground fissures. For the hazards caused by seawater intrusion, the most important thing is to observe the situation of groundwater sources and unused water due to the deterioration of groundwater quality, the reduced amount of groundwater extraction, the reduced cost of water quality treatment, and the material economic losses and environmental ecological consequences caused by the use of degraded water for agricultural production.
6.3.4 Monitoring items related to groundwater resources and environmental and ecological conditions 6.3.4.1 Monitoring results related to groundwater quantity and water quality, surface water, sewage, air-filled zone environmental pressure, forest-vegetation coverage and surface ginseng conditions, etc. are in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.4, 4.4.2.3, 4.11 of this requirement. 6.3.4.2 Monitoring items of environmental ecological conditions related to groundwater and water quality should include: the increase and decrease of the area of flammable, polluted and sandy film and the speed of change; the increase and decrease of groundwater level, crop growth and yield, and the change of quality; the types, number of cases and incidence of local diseases related to quality. 6.4 Layout of monitoring work
6.4.1 General requirements for the layout of monitoring work
6.4.1.1 All monitoring points that provide data for the groundwater distribution parameter model should be arranged and must benefit the entire management area.
6.4.1.2 If it is a standard monitoring point that provides data for the combined data model, it can also be in the form of a monitoring line or a number of monitoring points. 6.4.1.3 Monitoring line! 64.1.4 When there are surface aquifers in the management area: a layered groundwater monitoring network must be deployed. 6.4.1.5 The monitoring points should remain relatively stable. 6.4.2 Requirements for the deployment of groundwater level monitoring network 6.4.2.1 The water level monitoring network should be able to monitor the water head distribution characteristics in the management area and on the boundary of the management area and the groundwater level changes in each section of the management area.
6.4.2.2 When the groundwater flow field in the management area basically remains in a natural state, the direction of the water monitoring line should be consistent with the main flow direction of the average water and should pass through the main development area and the drainage area. 6.4.2.3 In the pool area where the groundwater level has formed a funnel, in order to control the shape of the water level drop, the main monitoring lines should be arranged in different directions of the leakage development. 6.4.2.4 The water level monitoring line should be arranged vertically along the artificial groundwater replenishment project and the seawater intrusion prevention project. 6.4.2.5. The density of monitoring points should be increased according to the increase of groundwater hydraulic gradient and should be increased near the center of the groundwater level drop.
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