Some standard content:
ICS07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T15918-2010
Replaces GB/T15918—1995
Oceanographygeneral terminology
Oceanographygeneral terminology2011-01-14 Release
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2011-06-01 Implementation
2 Oceans and Seas
2.3 Sea-Land Interface
2.4 Sea-River Interface.
2.5 Sea-Air Interface
2.6 Islands and Reefs
3 Marine Science
Marine Science and Technology
3.2 Physical Oceanography
3.3 Marine Physics
Marine Geology
Marine Chemistry
3.6 Marine Biology
Marine Resources and Development
Marine Resources|| tt||Marine development
Seabed minerals
Seawater resources development.
4.5Marine engineering
5Marine management and public welfare services
Marine laws and regulations
Marine management
Marine environmental assessment and protection,
Marine forecast·
Marine survey and monitoring·
5.6 Marine standardization
Marine metrology
5.8 Marine instruments and equipment
References
Chinese index
English index
TTKAONTKACa
GB/T15918—2010
This standard replaces GB/T15918—1995 "Comprehensive Terminology of Oceanography". Compared with GB/T15918-1995, the main changes of this standard are as follows: 1. Expand the scope of application of the factory standard (1 of the 1995 edition, 1 of this edition); GB/T15918-2010
Adjust the order of the two chapters "Marine Science" and "Ocean and Sea" (2, 3 of the 1995 edition, 3, 2 of this edition); 2. Divide the chapter "Marine Development and Management" into two chapters: "Marine Resources and Development" and "Marine Management and Public Welfare Services" (4 of the 1995 edition, 4.5 of this edition); 23 terms and definitions are added to the chapter "Ocean and Sea", and 9 terms and definitions are revised (3 of the 1995 edition, 2 of this edition); 20 terms and definitions are added to the chapter "Marine Science", 9 terms and definitions are revised, and 1 term and definition is deleted (2 of the 1995 edition, 3 of this edition); 2. Add "Marine Resources and Development" chapter 39 terms and definitions, 5 terms and definitions deleted (4 in the 1995 edition, 4 in this edition);
In the chapter "Ocean Management and Public Welfare Services", 116 terms and definitions were added, 4 terms and definitions were revised, and 1 term and definition was deleted (4 in the 1995 edition, 4 in this edition); - References were added ("References" in this edition); This standard is used in conjunction with national standards such as GB/T19834-2005 "Oceanographic Terms - Marine Resources", GB/T18190-2000 "Oceanographic Terms - Marine Geology", GB/T15919-2010 "Oceanographic Terms - Marine Biology", GB/T15920-2010 "Oceanographic Terms - Physical Oceanography", and GB/T15921-2010 "Oceanographic Terms - Marine Chemistry". This standard was proposed by the State Oceanic Administration.
This standard was approved by the National Oceanic Administration. The Standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Ocean Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC283). The drafting units of this standard are: National Ocean Metrology Center, National Ocean Information Center. The main drafters of this standard are: An Siren, Fan Zhenhua, Tang Hairong, Xu Lili, Wang Haibo, Yin Zhaoshu, Niu Yinyi, Zhao Xiuyun, Guo Xiaoyong, Yuan Lingling, Wang Yuhong, Li Fang.
The previous versions of the standard replaced by this standard are: -GB/T15918--1995.
1 Scope
Comprehensive Oceanographic Terms
This standard specifies the commonly used basic terms and definitions of oceanography. This standard is applicable to marine management, scientific research and teaching, and related production activities. 2 Oceans and Seas
Arctic Ocean
GB/T15918—2010
The smallest and shallowest ocean on earth, located at the northernmost end of the earth, connecting Asia, Europe and Surrounded by North America, it has an ice sheet that never melts all year round, with an area of about 131×105km2 (including affiliated seas) and an average depth of 1296m. 2.1.2
Atlantic Ocean
The second largest ocean on Earth. In the north, it is bounded by the Arctic Ocean by a line from Cape Nordjörn on the Scandinavian Peninsula through Iceland and the Denmark Strait to the southern tip of Greenland; in the south, it is bounded by Antarctica; in the southeast, it is bounded by the Indian Ocean by a meridian that passes through Cape Agulhas in South Africa to Antarctica; in the southwest, it is bounded by a meridian that passes through Cape Horn, the southernmost tip of South America, to Antarctica; in the west, it is connected to the Pacific Ocean through the Panama Canal between North and South America; in the east, it is connected to the Red Sea, an affiliated sea of the Indian Ocean, through the Strait of Gibraltar between Europe and Africa, through the Mediterranean Sea, and through the Suez Canal between Asia and Africa. It has an area of about 933.63×105km2 (including affiliated seas) and an average depth of 3627m. 2.1.3
Southern OceanSouthern Ocean
It consists of all the parts of the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean near Antarctica within the 40° south latitude circle, including the Weddell Sea, Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea and other seas around the Antarctic continent. There is no land boundary in the north and no fixed area of water. The area is about 770×105km2.
Note that in oceanography, the sea area near Antarctica in the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean has special significance. It has a self-contained circulation system and a unique water mass structure. It is not only the main formation area of the bottom water mass of the world's oceans, but also plays an important role in the ocean circulation. In 1970, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) under the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) called the sea area near Antarctica the Southern Ocean from the perspective of oceanography. It is not a body of water in the geographical sense. 2.1.4
Pacific Ocean
The largest, deepest, and most island-rich ocean on Earth. It stretches from the Bering Strait in the north to Antarctica in the south. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean in the southeast by a meridian that passes through Cape Horn, the southernmost tip of South America, to Antarctica. Its southwest border begins at the northern end of the Strait of Malacca, along the southern coasts of Sumatra, Java, and the Nusa Tenggara Islands to Buj on the southern coast of New Guinea, across the Torres Strait to the edge of Cape York, Australia, and the meridian (146°51E) from the southeast corner of Tasmania to Antarctica. It is separated from the Indian Ocean. It covers an area of about 1796.79×10°km2 (including affiliated seas), with an average depth of 4028m. 2.1.5
OceanbzxZ.net
The main part of the vast, interconnected saltwater bodies on the Earth's surface, as well as the atmosphere above and the subsoil covering it. Generally far from the continent, the depth is generally greater than 2000m; ocean elements such as temperature and salinity are not affected by the continent, the salinity is about 35, and the annual change is small; it has an independent tidal system and a strong ocean current system.
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GB/T15918—2010
Indian OceanIndianOcean
The third largest ocean in the world, it is the youngest ocean in geological age. The south is connected to the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, with the eastern and western boundaries respectively passing through the southeast corner of Tasmania and through Cape Agulhas in South Africa to Antarctica (14651'E, 20°0'E). The northeastern boundary starts from the northern end of the Strait of Malacca along the southern coast of Sumatra, Java, and Nusa Tenggara Islands to Buji on the southern coast of New Guinea, across the Torres Strait to the edge of Cape York in Australia, and the longitude line from the southeast corner of Tasmania to Antarctica (146°51E) and the Pacific Ocean. The area is about 749.17×10skm2 (including affiliated seas), with an average depth of 3897m. 2.2 Sea
Hanhai Bohai Sea
China's inland sea, bounded by the line from the western corner of Laotie Mountain at the southern end of Liaodong Peninsula to the southern end of Miaodao to Penglai Cape at the northern end of Shandong Peninsula in the east, with an area of 0.77×105km2 and an average water depth of 18m. 2.2.2
East China Sea East China Sea
Located to the east of the Chinese mainland, it is bounded by the Yellow Sea along the line connecting Qidongzui on the north bank of the Yangtze River estuary and the southwest corner of Jeju Island; to the northwest and northeast by the line connecting the eastern end of Jeju Island to Yeso Cape on Kyushu Island and the Korea Strait; to the east by the Kyushu Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan Island; to the south by the line connecting the southern end of Dongshan Island in Fujian to Emibi on the southern end of Taiwan Island and the South China Sea. Area 7.7×10°km2, average water depth 370m. 2.2.3
Seasea
The edge of the earth's surface where water bodies with a salinity of more than 2 are connected and surrounded or separated by land, islands, reefs, and peninsulas, as well as the upper atmosphere and affected bottom.
Oceanmarine
A general term for oceans (2.1.5) and seas (2.2.3). 2.2.5
Sea areassea areas
Ocean areas within certain boundaries.
Note 1: Includes the water surface, water bodies, seabed and subsoil within the area. Note 2: Rewritten from GB/T 19834-2005, definition 2.3.1. 2.2.6
Yellow Sea
A semi-enclosed shallow sea located between the Chinese mainland and the Korean Peninsula, it borders the Korean Peninsula to the east, the Chinese mainland to the west, the Bohai Sea to the northwest by a line connecting the western corner of Laotieshan at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula through the southern tip of Miaodao to Penglai Cape at the northern tip of the Shandong Peninsula, and the East China Sea to the south by a line connecting Qidongzui on the northern shore of the Yangtze River Estuary and the southwestern corner of Jeju Island. It has an area of 3.8×10km2 and an average water depth of 44m. 2.2.7
South China Sea
Located at the western end of the Pacific Ocean, it borders the Chinese mainland to the north, the Philippine Islands to the east, Kalimantan and Sumatra to the south, the Malay Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula to the west, and is separated from the East China Sea by a line from the southern tip of Dongshan Island in Fujian to Eluanbi at the southern tip of Taiwan Island in the northeast. It is connected to the Pacific Ocean through the Bashi Channel, the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan Channel, and to the Sulu Sea in the southeast through the Mindoro Sea Block and the Balabac Strait. It is connected to the Java Sea in the south through the Karimata Strait and the Gaspar Strait, and to the Indian Ocean in the southwest through the Strait of Malacca. It covers an area of about 35×105km2 and has an average depth of 1212m.
2.3 Sea-continent interface
Marginal sea
marginal sea
GB/T15918—2010
Located at the edge of the continent, separated from the ocean by peninsulas, islands or island arcs, but with smooth water exchange, the main tidal waves and current systems come directly from the open sea, the hydrological characteristics are affected by the continent and vary more than the ocean. 2.3.2
intertidal zone
The area covered by sea water between the average high tide and low tide. 2.3.3
supratidal zone
supratidal zone
Located above the average high tide level, the area that can be submerged by sea water during super-tidal floods and storm surges and can be reached by sea water. 2.3.4
Subtidal zone
Subtidal zone
Underwater slope
Tidal flat area extending to the sea below the average low tide level. 2.3.5
continentalmargin
Continental margin
The transition zone between the continent and the ocean.
Note: Generally includes the continental shelf, continental slope and continental rise, accounting for about 22% of the total ocean area, and is divided into two categories according to its tectonic activity: stable and active. 2.3.6
Continental shelf shelf
(Geology and Geography) The shallow sea area surrounding the continent. It extends outward from the coastal zone to the shelf slope where the slope changes from gentle to significantly increased. The average slope is 0.107, the average water depth is 130m, the average width is 75km, and the global total area is about 27.1×10″km2. 2.3.7
[Large] Continental Shelf
continentalshelf
[Large] Continental Shelf
"Law of the Sea" refers to the area beyond the territorial sea of a coastal state, extending to the edge of the continent with all the natural extension of its land territory. Its width is determined by the seabed and subsoil of the submarine area specified in Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. If measured from If the distance from the baseline for calculating the width of the territorial sea to the outer edge of the continental margin is less than 200 nmi, it can be expanded to a distance of 200 nmi. 2.3.8
[Sea]shore
[Beach]
A general term for the supratidal zone (2.3.3) and the intertidal zone (2.3.2). That is, the area from the lower limit of the lowest line of low tide to the upper limit of the farthest land that can be reached by waves at the highest tide level. 2.3.9
Channel
A narrow waterway connecting the sea or ocean at both ends, its main feature is rapid flow, especially high tidal speed. 2.3.10
Continental coastlinecoastal line
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GB/T15918—2010
The boundary between land and sea, which changes with the tide level and the water increase and decrease caused by wind. 2.3.11
Inland sea
Inter-continental sea
A body of water located in the interior of the continent and connected to the ocean or other seas only through one or several narrow straits. 2.4Sea-river interface
Estuary
estuarine
The terminal section of a river, the section where it is combined with the receiving water of the ocean. Note: The estuary of a river is a semi-enclosed coastal water body, which is connected to the ocean freely, and the seawater is diluted by the water from the land. According to the differences in dynamic conditions and landforms, the estuary is generally divided into the near-mouth section of the river, the estuary section and the seashore outside the estuary. The near-mouth section of a river is based on the characteristics of the river. The main feature of the seashore outside the estuary is the ocean characteristics. The river factors and ocean factors in the estuary interact with each other alternately, and have unique properties. 2.5 Sea-air interface
Geoid geoid
Base sea level
Assuming that there is no external force, the static ocean surface will be consistent with the equipotential surface of the rotating earth ellipsoid. This equipotential surface is called the geoid. It is a static sea surface extending to the entire globe and is also an equipotential surface of the earth's gravity. The geoid is determined by taking the long-term observation data of the tide gauge station to calculate the average sea level.
Note: Due to the uneven distribution of mass inside the earth, the geoid is also undulating. In 1956, the People's Republic of China stipulated that the multi-year average sea level of the Qingdao tide gauge station shall be the unified elevation starting surface of China, called the Qingdao average sea level or the Yellow Sea base sea level. Due to the short data series (1950-1956) of Qingdao Tide Station, which is used to calculate this base surface, China's surveying and mapping authorities decided to recalculate the average sea level of the Yellow Sea. The tidal observation data of Qingdao Tide Station from 1952 to 1979 were used as the calculation basis. The average sea level of the Yellow Sea calculated was used as China's leveling base surface, that is, the zero elevation surface. The leveling origin of the People's Republic of China was established near Qingdao Tide Station, and an origin network was formed. The elevation difference between the leveling origin of the People's Republic of China and the average sea level of the Yellow Sea, that is, the elevation of the leveling origin, was determined by precise leveling and was set as the starting elevation of the national elevation control network. The relationship between the 1985 national elevation benchmark elevation and the 1956 Yellow Sea elevation is: 1985 national elevation benchmark elevation = 1956 Yellow Sea elevation - 0.029m. The 1985 national elevation benchmark was put into use in May 1987, and the 1956 Yellow Sea elevation system was abolished at the same time. After May 1987, the altitudes on maps published in China were all calculated based on the 1985 National Height Datum. 2.5.2
［Sea］surface layer
sea surface iayer
The water layer within 3m below the sea surface.
Sea level sealevel
Assuming there are no fluctuations in the sea surface caused by tides, waves or other disturbances, the horizontal plane that the ocean can maintain. Note: Due to the effects of tides, seawater density differences, ocean currents and the atmosphere, the ocean surface is in constant fluctuation, so sea level is usually a statistical concept. The average value of sea surface elevation observations in multiple places over a characteristic period of time (such as daily, monthly, annual and multi-year averages) is used for different purposes and methods to statistically derive relative sea level and absolute sea level, regional sea level and global sea level, geoid, mean sea level, tidal height datum, highest sea level, etc.
［Ocean］ micro surface layer/surface
sea tiny surface layer
Ocean surface film
Ocean surface micro layer
The thin layer of micrometer level between the ocean and the atmosphere, which is the interface for the exchange of matter and energy between the ocean and the atmosphere. Note: Due to the influence of the dynamic process of the air-sea interface, the ocean micro surface has physical, chemical and biological properties that are different from those of the ocean body and change rapidly. 4
Mean sea level
mean sea level
The ideal calm sea surface with an elevation equal to the average value of the ocean water level observation results. GB/T15918—2010
Note: According to the different lengths of observation time, it can be divided into: daily average, monthly average, annual average and multi-year average sea level. The mean sea level of a station usually refers to the average value calculated from the hourly observations of this station for more than 19 years. 2.5.6
Depth datum
datum for sounding reduction chart datum
The starting surface for measuring depth of charts and ocean depth data. Note: Different countries, regions and different purposes use different depth datums. China has adopted the theoretical depth datum (theoretical lowest tide level) as the chart depth datum since 1956. 2.6 Islands and reefs
Shore reefs
Fringe reefs
Coral reefs composed of a large number of reef-building coral skeletons, growing from the coast to the sea and connected to the continent or islands. 2.6.2
barrier reef
offshore
coral reef consisting of large-scale reef-building coral skeletons, parallel to the coast or island or separated by a wide and shallow lagoon. Note: rewritten from GB/T18190-2000, definition 2.7.32.6.3
[island arcisland arc
arc-shaped islands
archipelagos distributed in an arc between the continent and the ocean basin. Note: rewritten from GB/T18190-2000, definition 2.8.52.6.4
[Ocean]islands and islets are naturally formed land scattered in the ocean, surrounded by water on all sides and exposed above the water at high tide. According to the size, those less than 1km2 are called "islands"; those larger than 1km" or even up to several million square kilometers are called "islands". Note: According to their origin, [oceanic islands can be divided into continental plates, oceanic islands and alluvial islands. 2.6.5
atollatoll
A circular coral reef composed of a large number of reef-building coral skeletons, with a not very deep (within 100m) lake in the middle and a narrow exit.
Note: Rewrite GB/T18190~2000, definition 2.7.4. 2.6.6
coral reef
Coral reef
In the shallow waters of tropical oceans, a bottom ridge with wave-resistant properties composed of the skeleton of reef-building corals and biological debris. Note 1: There are three types: shore magnetism, fortress magnetism and ring magnetism. Note 2: Rewrite GB/T18190-2000, definition 2.7.1. TTKAONTKACa-
GB/T15918-2010
3 Marine science
3.1 Marine science and technology
Engineering oceanography [science] marine engineering applied marine basic science and 3.1.2
Marine geography
A comprehensive discipline that studies the spatial structure, composition, dynamics and evolution of the ocean environment, and its mutual influence on human activities and living environment. It is a branch of physical geography and a marginal discipline that intersects geography and oceanography. 3.1.3
Marine geophysics marine geophysics studies the physical properties of the seabed, its laws of change, and its relationship with other disciplines in earth science. 3.1.4
Marine geology
A discipline that studies the geological characteristics of the coast and the seabed and their evolution laws. The main research contents include topography, sedimentation process, tectonic evolution and the formation and distribution of seabed mineral resources. 3.1.5
Marine chemistry
A discipline that studies the chemical composition, material distribution, chemical properties and chemical processes of various parts of the ocean, as well as chemical problems in the development and utilization of marine resources.
[GB/T15921— 2010, definition 2.1]
Marine technologymarinetechnology
Various skills and equipment used to study, develop and protect the ocean. 3.1.7
Marine economicsmarineeconomics
A discipline that studies various economic relations and their development laws in the development and protection of the ocean. It is a marginal discipline that intersects marine science and economic science.
Note: Rewrite GB/T19834—2005, definition 2.1.29. 3.1.8
Marine sciencemarine sciencesocean sciencesA knowledge system that studies the organisms, properties, natural phenomena, their laws of change, and interactions of the ocean (2.2.4) and marine organisms (3.6.4), as well as the development, utilization and management of the ocean. It is an important part of earth science. 3.1.9
Marine ecologymarineecology
A discipline that studies the relationship between marine organisms and the physical, chemical and biological environmental conditions of the ocean. [GB/T15919-2010 definition 2.4]
Marine biology marinebiology
Study the morphology, classification, physiology, ecology, geographical distribution and economic value of marine organisms, as well as the impact of marine environmental conditions on the growth, development, reproduction, population structure and quantity changes of marine organisms, so as to develop, utilize and protect marine organisms. 6
Marine physics marinephysics
Study the physical characteristics of the ocean (sound, light, electricity, magnetism, heat, etc.) and their laws of change. 3. 1.12
Oceanography oceanography GB/T15918-2010
Study the organism, properties, natural phenomena, laws of change, and their interactions of the ocean (2.2.4). 3. 1. 13
Military oceanography militaryoceanography Study the impact of the natural environment of the ocean on military construction and military operations and the military application of oceanography. 3.1.14
Satellite oceanographysatellite oceanographyspace oceanography
A discipline that studies the theories and technical methods of observing the ocean using remote sensors on space platforms. Note: Satellite oceanography includes the processing, transmission, and information extraction of ocean remote sensing data. 3.1.15
Physical oceanographyphysical oceanographyA discipline that uses the theories and methods of physics to study the impact of celestial bodies on the ocean, the characteristics and distribution of the ocean, the dynamic field and the temporal and spatial changes of various movements resulting from it, and the material transfer, energy exchange, and conversion in the ocean. Note: Physical oceanography includes ocean hydrology and marine meteorology. 3.1.16
Regional oceanography
Regional oceanography
A discipline that studies various ocean phenomena in a sea area. 3.2Physical oceanography
Ocean dynamicsmarinedynamics
Dynamic oceanographydynamicaloceanographyA discipline that studies the dynamic process of seawater movement and its laws of change. 3.2.2
Marine meteorology
A discipline that studies atmospheric phenomena, weather processes, and water-air interactions over ocean water bodies and their adjacent areas. 3.3 Marine physics
Marine optics
A branch of marine physics that mainly studies the radiation, propagation, and interaction of light. [GB/T 15920—-2010, definition 3.2.13.3.2
Marine acoustics
A discipline that studies the laws of the generation, propagation, and attenuation of sound waves in ocean water bodies, bottom sediments, organisms, and their interfaces, and the use of sound waves to detect the ocean and transmit information.
Note: The basic contents of marine acoustics include four aspects: the propagation law of sound in the ocean and the influence of ocean conditions on sound propagation; marine acoustic detection technology; marine acoustic communication technology; marine acoustic materials and instruments and equipment [GB/T15920-2010, definition 3.1.1]TTKAONIKAa
GB/T15918-2010
Hydroacoustics, acoustics
Study the generation, propagation, reception, various interactions of sound waves in water (especially in the ocean), and the discipline on underwater target detection and information transmission technology,
Note: Rewrite HY/T008-1992, definition 03-001. 3.4 Marine geology
Paleoceanography
A discipline that studies the marine environment and events and their evolution during the geological history. 3.4.2
marinesedimentology
Marine sedimentology
A branch of geology that studies the types, composition, distribution patterns, formation processes and development history of marine sediments. 3.4.3
oceanic stratigraphy stratigraphy is a discipline that studies the formation sequence and mutual relationship of the ocean floor, shallow sea and coastal strata, and divides, compares and dates them. 3.5 Marine Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry of Seawater is a discipline that studies the analytical determination methods and related theories of various substances and components in seawater. It is a branch of marine chemistry. The content includes: the collection, pretreatment, storage and analytical determination methods of seawater samples and the influence of various factors. [GB/T15921-2010 Definition 2.4]
Marine Geochemistrymarine Geochemistry is a discipline that studies the content, distribution, form, transfer and flux of chemical substances in the ocean. 3.5.3
Marine biochemistry is a discipline that studies the chemical composition, metabolism and biochemical processes between organisms and the environment of marine organisms. It is a branch of marine chemistry.
【GB/T15921---2010, definition 2.10] 3.5.4
Marine physical chemistry is a discipline that uses the theories and methods of physical chemistry to study chemical and biogeochemical problems in the ocean. 3.5.5
Estuary chemistry is a discipline that studies chemical and biogeochemical problems in the ocean. Chemistry
It is a discipline that studies the properties and forms of chemical substances in estuaries, the interactions of various substances in the process of confluence between river water and seawater, the laws and mechanisms of migration and change, and the migration flux. It is a branch of marine chemistry. [GB/T15921—2010, definition 2.9]
3.6 Marine biology discipline
Primary productivity
primary productivity
The ability of autotrophic organisms to produce organic matter per unit time and per unit area (or volume). [GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.64]8
Marine ecosystems A natural system composed of the interaction between the biological community in the ocean and its environment. GB/T 15918—2010
Note: The marine ecosystem consists of two major parts: the marine biological community and the marine environment. The marine ecosystem has the following six elements: autotrophic organisms (i.e. producers), heterotrophic organisms (i.e. consumers), decomposers, organic debris, inorganic substances in the material cycle, and hydrophysical conditions. 3.6.3
Fisheries oceanography fisheriesoceanography is a discipline that studies the physical, chemical, bottom factors of seawater and the survival, migration, and distribution of economic marine organisms. 3.6.4
Marine organisms
marine organisms
organisms with life in the ocean.
[GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.197]
4 Marine resources and development
4.1 Marine resources
coastal zone resourcescoastal zone resources is a general term for all natural substances, energy, and space in the coastal zone that can be used by humans. Note 1: Marine natural substances refer to the objectively existing substances, naturally generated organisms, and active substances in the atmosphere, water bodies, and seabed of the coastal zone. Note 2: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 2.1.2. 4.1.2
Submarine mineral resources] Submarine mineral [resources] General term for materials in seabed sediments and seabed rock formations that have mining and utilization value. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005 definition 4.1.3
submarine resources
Seabed resources
General term for benthic biological resources and seabed minerals [resources 4.1.4
marine chemical resources
seawater chemical resources
seawater [water resources
seawater resources
seawater and materials in seawater that can be used by humans. [GB/T19834—2005, definition 5.1]
Marine renewable energy
ocean reproducible resourcesA general term for renewable natural energy such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean (tidal) current energy, temperature difference energy, salinity difference energy, ocean wind energy and solar energy.
Ocean space [resources] oceanspace [resources] The space on the coast, sea surface, sea and seabed that can be used for transportation, production, storage, military, residence, scientific research and entertainment. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834—2005, definition 7.1, 4. 1. 7
marineenergyresources
Ocean energy
A general term for marine renewable energy (4.1.5), fossil energy, geothermal energy and radioactive isotopes that can be developed and utilized. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 8.19
TTKAONIKACa-4 Marine geology
Paleoceanography
A discipline that studies the marine environment, events and their evolution during the geological history. 3.4.2
marine sedimentology
Marine sedimentology
A branch of geology that studies the types, composition, distribution patterns, formation process and development history of marine sediments. 3.4.3
Oceanic stratigraphyA discipline that studies the formation sequence and mutual relationship of the ocean floor, shallow sea and coastal strata, and divides, compares and dates them. 3.5 Marine chemistry
Analytical chemistry of seawaterA discipline that studies the analytical determination methods and related theories of various substances and components in seawater, and is a branch of marine chemistry. Contents include: collection, pretreatment, storage and analytical determination methods of seawater samples and the influence of various factors. [GB/T15921-2010 definition 2.4]
Marine geochemistrymarine geochemistry is a discipline that studies the content, distribution, form, transfer and flux of chemical substances in the ocean. 3.5.3
Marine biochemistrymarine biochemistry is a discipline that studies the chemical composition, metabolism and biochemical processes between organisms and the environment of marine organisms. It is a branch of marine chemistry.
[GB/T15921---2010, definition 2.10] 3.5.4
Marine physical chemistrymarine physical chemistry is a discipline that uses the theories and methods of physical chemistry to study chemical and biogeochemical problems in the ocean. 3.5.5
Estuary chemistryestuarine chemistry
It is a discipline that studies the properties and forms of chemical substances in estuaries, the interactions of various substances in the process of confluence between river water and seawater, the laws and mechanisms of migration and change processes, and the migration flux. It is a branch of marine chemistry. [GB/T15921—2010, definition 2.9]
3.6 Marine biology discipline
Primary productivity
Primary productivity
The ability of autotrophic organisms to produce organic matter per unit time and per unit area (or volume). [GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.64]8
Marine ecosystems A natural system consisting of the interaction between the biological community in the ocean and its environment. GB/T 15918—2010
Note: The marine ecosystem consists of two major parts: the marine biological community and the marine environment. The marine ecosystem has the following six elements: autotrophic organisms (i.e. producers), heterotrophic organisms (i.e. consumers), decomposers, organic detritus, inorganic substances in the material cycle, and hydrophysical conditions. 3.6.3
Fisheries oceanography fisheriesoceanography is a discipline that studies the physical, chemical and bottom factors of seawater and the survival, migration and distribution of economic marine organisms. 3.6.4
Marine organism
Marine organism
An organism with life in the ocean.
[GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.197]
4 Marine resources and development
4.1 Marine resources
Coastal zone resources The general term for all natural substances, energy and space in the coastal zone that can be used by humans. Note 1: Marine natural substances refer to the objectively existing substances and naturally occurring organisms and active substances in the atmosphere, water bodies and seabed of the coastal zone. Note 2: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 2.1.2. 4.1.2
Submarine mineral resources] Submarine mineral [resources] General term for materials in seabed sediments and seabed rock formations that have mining and utilization value. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005 definition 4.1.3
submarine resources
Seabed resources
General term for benthic biological resources and seabed minerals [resources 4.1.4
marine chemical resources
seawater chemical resources
seawater [water resources
seawater resources
seawater and materials in seawater that can be used by humans. [GB/T19834—2005, definition 5.1]
Marine renewable energy
ocean reproducible resourcesA general term for renewable natural energy such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean (tidal) current energy, temperature difference energy, salinity difference energy, ocean wind energy and solar energy.
Ocean space [resources] oceanspace [resources] The space on the coast, sea surface, sea and seabed that can be used for transportation, production, storage, military, residence, scientific research and entertainment. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834—2005, definition 7.1, 4. 1. 7
marineenergyresources
Ocean energy
A general term for marine renewable energy (4.1.5), fossil energy, geothermal energy and radioactive isotopes that can be developed and utilized. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 8.19
TTKAONIKACa-4 Marine geology
Paleoceanography
A discipline that studies the marine environment, events and their evolution during the geological history. 3.4.2
marine sedimentology
Marine sedimentology
A branch of geology that studies the types, composition, distribution patterns, formation process and development history of marine sediments. 3.4.3
Oceanic stratigraphyA discipline that studies the formation sequence and mutual relationship of the ocean floor, shallow sea and coastal strata, and divides, compares and dates them. 3.5 Marine chemistry
Analytical chemistry of seawaterA discipline that studies the analytical determination methods and related theories of various substances and components in seawater, and is a branch of marine chemistry. Contents include: collection, pretreatment, storage and analytical determination methods of seawater samples and the influence of various factors. [GB/T15921-2010 definition 2.4]
Marine geochemistrymarine geochemistry is a discipline that studies the content, distribution, form, transfer and flux of chemical substances in the ocean. 3.5.3
Marine biochemistrymarine biochemistry is a discipline that studies the chemical composition, metabolism and biochemical processes between organisms and the environment of marine organisms. It is a branch of marine chemistry.
[GB/T15921---2010, definition 2.10] 3.5.4
Marine physical chemistrymarine physical chemistry is a discipline that uses the theories and methods of physical chemistry to study chemical and biogeochemical problems in the ocean. 3.5.5
Estuary chemistryestuarine chemistry
It is a discipline that studies the properties and forms of chemical substances in estuaries, the interactions of various substances in the process of confluence between river water and seawater, the laws and mechanisms of migration and change processes, and the migration flux. It is a branch of marine chemistry. [GB/T15921—2010, definition 2.9]
3.6 Marine biology discipline
Primary productivity
Primary productivity
The ability of autotrophic organisms to produce organic matter per unit time and per unit area (or volume). [GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.64]8
Marine ecosystems A natural system consisting of the interaction between the biological community in the ocean and its environment. GB/T 15918—2010
Note: The marine ecosystem consists of two major parts: the marine biological community and the marine environment. The marine ecosystem has the following six elements: autotrophic organisms (i.e. producers), heterotrophic organisms (i.e. consumers), decomposers, organic detritus, inorganic substances in the material cycle, and hydrophysical conditions. 3.6.3
Fisheries oceanography fisheriesoceanography is a discipline that studies the physical, chemical and bottom factors of seawater and the survival, migration and distribution of economic marine organisms. 3.6.4
Marine organism
Marine organism
An organism with life in the ocean.
[GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.197]
4 Marine resources and development
4.1 Marine resources
Coastal zone resources The general term for all natural substances, energy and space in the coastal zone that can be used by humans. Note 1: Marine natural substances refer to the objectively existing substances and naturally occurring organisms and active substances in the atmosphere, water bodies and seabed of the coastal zone. Note 2: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 2.1.2. 4.1.2
Submarine mineral resources] Submarine mineral [resources] General term for materials in seabed sediments and seabed rock formations that have mining and utilization value. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005 definition 4.1.3
submarine resources
Seabed resources
General term for benthic biological resources and seabed minerals [resources 4.1.4
marine chemical resources
seawater chemical resources
seawater [water resources
seawater resources
seawater and materials in seawater that can be used by humans. [GB/T19834—2005, definition 5.1]
Marine renewable energy
ocean reproducible resourcesA general term for renewable natural energy such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean (tidal) current energy, temperature difference energy, salinity difference energy, ocean wind energy and solar energy.
Ocean space [resources] oceanspace [resources] The space on the coast, sea surface, sea and seabed that can be used for transportation, production, storage, military, residence, scientific research and entertainment. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834—2005, definition 7.1, 4. 1. 7
marineenergyresources
Ocean energy
A general term for marine renewable energy (4.1.5), fossil energy, geothermal energy and radioactive isotopes that can be developed and utilized. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 8.19
TTKAONIKACa-3
Fisheries oceanography fisheriesoceanography is a discipline that studies the physical, chemical, bottom factors of seawater and the survival, migration, and distribution of economic marine organisms. 3.6.4
Marine organism
Marine organism
An organism with life in the ocean.
[GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.197]
4 Marine resources and development
4.1 Marine resources
Coastal zone resources The general term for all natural substances, energy, and space in the coastal zone that can be used by humans. Note 1: Marine natural substances refer to the objectively existing substances and naturally occurring organisms and active substances in the atmosphere, water bodies, and seabed of the coastal zone. Note 2: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 2.1.2. 4.1.2
Submarine mineral resources] Submarine mineral [resources] General term for materials in seabed sediments and seabed rock formations that have mining and utilization value. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005 definition 4.1.3
submarine resources
Seabed resources
General term for benthic biological resources and seabed minerals [resources 4.1.4
marine chemical resources
seawater chemical resources
seawater [water resources
seawater resources
seawater and materials in seawater that can be used by humans. [GB/T19834—2005, definition 5.1]
Marine renewable energy
ocean reproducible resourcesA general term for renewable natural energy such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean (tidal) current energy, temperature difference energy, salinity difference energy, ocean wind energy and solar energy.
Ocean space [resources] oceanspace [resources] The space on the coast, sea surface, sea and seabed that can be used for transportation, production, storage, military, residence, scientific research and entertainment. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834—2005, definition 7.1, 4. 1. 7
marineenergyresources
Ocean energy
A general term for marine renewable energy (4.1.5), fossil energy, geothermal energy and radioactive isotopes that can be developed and utilized. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 8.19
TTKAONIKACa-3
Fisheries oceanography fisheriesoceanography is a discipline that studies the physical, chemical, bottom factors of seawater and the survival, migration, and distribution of economic marine organisms. 3.6.4
Marine organism
Marine organism
An organism with life in the ocean.
[GB/T15919—2010, definition 2.197]
4 Marine resources and development
4.1 Marine resources
Coastal zone resources The general term for all natural substances, energy, and space in the coastal zone that can be used by humans. Note 1: Marine natural substances refer to the objectively existing substances and naturally occurring organisms and active substances in the atmosphere, water bodies, and seabed of the coastal zone. Note 2: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 2.1.2. 4.1.2
Submarine mineral resources] Submarine mineral [resources] General term for materials in seabed sediments and seabed rock formations that have mining and utilization value. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005 definition 4.1.3
submarine resources
Seabed resources
General term for benthic biological resources and seabed minerals [resources 4.1.4
marine chemical resources
seawater chemical resources
seawater [water resources
seawater resources
seawater and materials in seawater that can be used by humans. [GB/T19834—2005, definition 5.1]
Marine renewable energy
ocean reproducible resourcesA general term for renewable natural energy such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean (tidal) current energy, temperature difference energy, salinity difference energy, ocean wind energy and solar energy.
Ocean space [resources] oceanspace [resources] The space on the coast, sea surface, sea and seabed that can be used for transportation, production, storage, military, residence, scientific research and entertainment. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834—2005, definition 7.1, 4. 1. 7
marineenergyresources
Ocean energy
A general term for marine renewable energy (4.1.5), fossil energy, geothermal energy and radioactive isotopes that can be developed and utilized. Note: Rewrite GB/T19834-2005, definition 8.19
TTKAONIKACa-
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