This standard specifies the basic rules for graphic symbols used in design technical documents. This standard applies to graphic symbols used in technical documents. GB/T 16901.1-1997 Graphic symbol representation rules Graphic symbols for technical documents Part 1: Basic rules GB/T16901.1-1997 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the basic rules for graphic symbols used in design technical documents. This standard applies to graphic symbols used in technical documents.

GB/T16901.1—1997
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO/IEC11714-1:1996 "Design of graphic symbols for product technical documents - Part 1: Basic rules". The content of the standard is basically the same, with only minor changes in the format. This standard is the first part of the second standard in the series of standards "Rules for the representation of graphic symbols". The structure and name of this series of standards are proposed as follows:
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Exchange requirements
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols
Graphic symbols for use in technical documents Part 1: Basic rules Graphical symbols for use in technical documents Part 2: Provisions for computer-recognizable graphic symbols and graphic symbols for use with data equipment
Part 1: Formation of graphic symbols
Graphic symbols for equipment
Graphic symbols for equipment
Graphic symbols for equipment
Graphic symbols for signs
Graphic symbols for signs
Graphic symbols for signs
Part 2: Use of arrows
Part 3: Formation of graphic symbols (icons) on screens and displays Part 4: Guidelines for the application of graphic symbols
Part 1: Formation of graphic signs
Part 2: Visual design principles for graphic symbols Part 3: Development and testing procedures for graphic symbols Graphic symbols for signs
: Part 4: Principles and requirements for the use of graphic signs Some of the above standards have corresponding national standards and will be formally incorporated into this series of standards when they are revised. They are: 9 Graphic symbols, arrows and their application
GB1252—89
GB/T14543—93 Visual design principles for graphic symbols for signs GB12103—90 Development and testing procedures for graphic symbols for signs GB/T15566—1995 Principles and requirements for the use of graphic signs This standard is one of the standards in the "Rules for the Representation of Graphic Symbols" series. "Graphic Symbols for Technical Documents" is divided into several parts, of which this standard is the first part and the most basic part. In the future, each part will formulate corresponding graphic symbols for technical documents according to the technical requirements of each specific field. This standard replaces GB7093.2-86. The standard system structure and content have been greatly modified, and the arrangement structure has been greatly changed. It is more detailed, systematic and complete than the original national standard. 1) The terms "connection point", "end line", "text" and "arc" have been added. 2) Three new chapters, "Design Procedure of Graphic Symbols", "Design Principles" and "Application", have been added. The contents of the original standard chapters have been adjusted and deleted and then integrated into the above three new chapters, and more other contents have been added. This standard will be implemented from December 1, 1997, and will replace GB7093.2-86. This standard is proposed by the China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Graphic Symbol Standardization. This standard was drafted by the China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding, the National Technical Committee for Electrical Documentation and Graphical Symbols Standardization, the National Technical Committee for Technical Drawing Standardization, and the Standard and Quota Department of the Ministry of Construction. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Yuanqiao, Bai Dianyi, Zhang Liang, Guo Ting, Qiang Yi, and Wei Ming. The original standard was issued on December 20, 1986 and revised for the first time in 1997. I
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Rules for the presentation of graphical symbols
Graphical symbols for technical documents
Part 1: Basic rules
Rules for the presentation of graphical symbols-Graphical symbols for usc in technical documentation of product-Part 1,Basic rules
1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic rules for graphic symbols used in design technical documents. This standard applies to the graphic symbols used in technical documents. 2 Reference standards
GB/T 16901.1—1997
eqvIS0/IEC11714-1:1996
Replace GB7093.2—86
The following standards are cited in this standard and constitute the provisions of this standard. When the standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. 9 Information processing Seven-bit coded character set for information exchange (eqvISO646:1983) GB1988-89
GB3101-93 General principles for quantities, units and symbols (eqvISO31-0:1992) 3 Quantities and units (eqvISo31-1~31-13:1992) GB3102-93
GB4457.4-84 Mechanical drawing lines
GB4458.4-84 Mechanical drawing dimensioning method GB/T16900-1997 General rules for the representation of graphic symbols GB10609.4-89 Technical drawings Requirements for microfilm originals (neqISO6428:1982) GB13000.1-93 Information technology General multi-functional Eight-bit coded character set (UCS) Part 1: Architecture and basic multilingual plane (idtISO/IEC10646:1993)
GB/T13362-92 Long Fangsong vector fonts and codes (symbols) commonly used for computer information exchange in mechanical drawing GB/T14691-93 Technical drawing fonts (eqvISO3098-1:1974) GB/T15273 Information processing Eight-bit single-byte coded graphic character set (idtISO/EC8859) GB/T15565-1995 Graphic symbol terminology
IEC27 Alphabetic symbols for electrotechnical use
3 Definitions
The definitions used in this standard are in accordance with the provisions of GBT15565, and the following definitions are adopted. 3.1 Terminal lineterminalline
A line on a graphic symbol with a connection point as its endpoint. 3.2 Text text
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on June 27, 1997 and implemented on December 1, 1997
GB/T16901.1—1997
A string of letters, numbers, Chinese characters and (or) symbols. 3.3 Arc arc
A curve without inflection points.
3.4 ​​Connecting point connectnode
A positioning point on a graphic symbol used for connection. Note: In order to illustrate the concept of connection points, this standard uses the following symbols: Connection points
4 Design procedures
When designing graphic symbols, the procedures in Chapter 5 of GB/T 16900-1997 and the relevant provisions of this standard should be followed, and the following factors should be considered: a) Describe the object represented by the graphic symbol; b) Determine the relevant requirements for use in file and data processing; c) Analyze the results of the symbol after rotation, mirroring or scaling (if necessary, different scales are allowed in the axis and axis direction); d) A group of functionally related graphic symbols should be designed as group symbols; e) Considering the normal use of graphic symbols, reference marks, technical data, etc. can be added; f) Considering the requirements for microfilm reproduction, the provisions of GB10609.4 should be followed. 5 Design
5.1 Graphic representation
Design Graphic symbols are used to convey information about a certain function or a specific requirement, and can also be used to represent the actual product situation. 5.2 Configuration
5.2.1 Requirements on the meaning and configuration of graphic symbols shall comply with the provisions of Articles 6.1 and 6.4 of GB/T16900-1997. 5.2.2 Graphic symbols of the same shape shall not represent different meanings. Due to the limited number of symbol elements and their combinations, when graphic symbols with the same configuration cannot avoid representing different meanings, each meaning shall be assigned a separate symbol. Note: The meaning of a graphic symbol can generally be determined based on the preceding and following content. If it is still uncertain, additional information must be provided for such graphic symbols. 5.2.3 Graphic symbols with different configurations shall not represent the same meaning. 5.3 Working state
If a symbol element of a graphic symbol represents a movable part of a product (such as a valve element of a hydraulic directional valve and a contact of an electromechanical switch device), when designing the graphic symbol, the position of the symbol element in the graphic symbol should be determined according to the following requirements: a) Products with automatic return devices (such as spring rebound devices) are designed according to the position of the automatic return device in a static state; b) Products without automatic return devices are designed according to the position of those movable parts in a non-working position. For other working states except the above two cases, relevant information should be given in the graphic symbol standard to explain them. 5.4 Category
Graphic symbols are divided into two categories: general symbols and limiting symbols. General symbols are graphic symbols that provide basic information. After the general symbols are reduced, they can also be used as limiting symbols (see Figures 1 and 2).
Limiting symbols are graphic symbols that provide additional information. Qualifying symbols should be designed to be independent of specific content so that they can be widely used. Qualifying symbols cannot be used alone, they can only be used in combination with general symbols. 2
GB/T16901.1—1997
Note: General symbols that provide basic information about pumps can be used as qualifiers for the combination of graphic symbols. Figure 1 Pump system
Note: General symbols that provide basic information about capacitors can be used as qualifiers for the combination of graphic symbols. Figure 2 Electrostatic microphone
5.5 Combination
5.5.1 General provisions
Several graphic symbols can be combined into a new graphic symbol. The meaning of the newly combined graphic symbol should be coordinated with the meanings of its components. An example of a combination of graphic symbols is shown in Figure 3. Example
Graphic symbol
Description of the meaning assigned
Directly heated cathode
Shell, container
Hot and cold coil
Seat of check valve
Movable part of check valve
Note: The dotted line in Example 2 is not part of the graphic symbol (see 5.12). Figure 3 Example of graphic symbol combination
5.5.2 Graphic symbols for composite components
Description of the meaning of the graphic symbols
Two-way heat exchanger with directly heated cathode
Check valve/anti-return valve
The graphic symbol for a composite component shall be a combination of the graphic symbols representing the components of the component. If the above combination method cannot be adopted due to the complexity of the composite component or the lack of graphic symbols representing the components, a simple solid outline frame3
GB/T16901.1—1997
(the outline frame is a square, or a rectangle or any other closed shape) shall be used as the basis, and additional information shall be provided in this outline frame according to the following requirements:
a) Select the graphic symbols of the most important components (see Figure 1); b) Select mathematical symbols and (or) formulas, symbols representing quantities, chemical molecular formulas, standard graphics and symbols. Mathematical symbols should comply with GB3101 and GB3102 (see Figure 4);
Figure 4 "AND" element
c) Use abbreviations (usually English abbreviations, see Figure 5); MUX
Multiplexer
d) Select graphic symbols for additional information about inputs and outputs (see Figure 6); Bistable element
e) Graphic symbols that provide additional information about a composite component as a whole can be placed inside or outside the solid outline (see Figure 7); Figure 7 Feedback controller and radio system
f) If the meaning of the graphic symbol cannot be fully expressed by the methods listed in a) to e), a brief text description should be added. The text description can be placed inside or outside the solid outline frame (see Figure 8) and should be as brief as possible. 4
Concentrated pressure control system
5.5.3 Graphic symbols containing flow direction
GB/T16901.1-—1997
Figure 8 Hydraulic control system
[1]Hydraulic control system
When graphic symbols use flow direction to provide additional information, the overall flow direction should be emphasized (see Figures 16 and 17). 5.6 Grid, module
5.6.1 The basic grid with a parallel line spacing of 1M (M is the module) should be used as the design basis for graphic symbols. The grid can be further divided into two types of grids: 0.1M and 0.125M (see Figure 9). 1M grid
0. 5M grid
2.1M grid
Double building A
Figure 9 Grid example
Network B
5.6.2 When designing graphic symbols, the basic grid specified in 5.6.1 should be used for design. For the same graphic symbol or group of symbols, only one of the two grid systems listed in 5.6.1 can be selected, and the grid system used should be indicated in the relevant design documents.
5.7 Line width
The ratio of the line width of the graphic symbol to the modulus M used when designing the graphic symbol is 1110. The character strokes in the graphic symbol have the same line width as the lines. If it is necessary to increase the line width types, the ratio of any two line widths shall be at least 2:1. See GB4457.4 for standard line width. 5.8 Arcs and straight lines
5.8.1 According to the provisions of GB4457.4, the acute angle formed by the connection or intersection of lines should not be less than 15. For straight lines that are not parallel to the grid lines, the angle between them and the grid lines should be increased by 15°, or determined by the slope (such as 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1). The endpoints of the straight lines should coincide with the grid intersections.
5.8.2 The endpoints of the arcs should be located at the grid intersections. Curves can only be composed of arcs and (or) straight lines. 5
GB/T16901.1—1997
5.8.3 For the outline frame of graphic symbols that require connection points, it should be determined according to the following rules (see Figure 10): a) The center line of the horizontal line and the center line of the vertical line should be located on the grid lines of the 1M or 0.5M grid. b) The center line of the oblique line or the center line of the arc should intersect with the grid intersection points of the 0.5M grid, and the number of intersection points should be consistent with the number of required connection points.
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Food Quality Policy Special Products
5.9 Minimum line spacing of parallel lines
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Figure 10 Example of graphic symbols containing connection points The minimum line spacing of parallel lines should not be less than twice the thicker line width d. 5.10 Shaded and filled areas
5.10.1 The line width and spacing of the lines used in the shaded area shall comply with the provisions of 5.7 and 5.9. 5.10.2 The use of filled areas should be avoided.
5.11 Connection points
The connection points should be located at the grid intersection points of the 1M or 0.5M grid (see Figure 10). If it is necessary to write text between connection points or parallel end lines, the minimum spacing between these connection points or parallel lines should be 2M. If necessary, the connection points of the graphic symbol representing input and output can be appropriately numbered. 5.12 End lines
5.12.1 If end lines are required, the length of the end lines should be as short as practical. 5.12.2 When the graphic symbol does not contain end lines, the connection lines should be attached to the graphic symbol in a specific way. In this case, the connection lines should be represented by dotted lines (see Example 2 in Figure 3).
5.13 Reference points
To facilitate the use of graphic symbols in computer-aided systems, each graphic symbol should have the same reference point. The reference point should be located at the intersection of the 1M or 0.5M grid, which is the same grid used when designing the graphic symbol. 5.14 Text
5.14.1 Font
The font of the text in the graphic symbol should comply with the relevant provisions of Type B straight body in GB/T14691. For the letter symbols of quantity, see GB3101～3102 and IEC27.
5.14.2 Character set
Any text in the graphic symbol shall be selected from the standard character set. To ensure the compatibility of computer processing, the characters shall be strictly limited to the coded characters in GB1988, without considering the control and substitution characters. If additional characters are required, they shall be selected from the existing coded character sets, such as GB/T15273, GB13000.1, GB/T13362. 5.14.3 Text direction
The text direction shall comply with the relevant provisions in GB4458.4 and be marked in horizontal and vertical directions. 5.14.4 Position of text in the outline frame
Text as part of the graphic symbol as a whole shall be placed in the middle of the upper part [see Figure 11a)) or in the middle [see Figure 11b)]. The text related to input and output should be written close to the corresponding input and output positions [see Figure 11c)]. Note: The filling area is the meaning position. 5.14.5 Minimum spacing
Figure 11 Example of text position
The minimum spacing between text and the surrounding geometric figures shall not be less than twice the thicker line width d (see Figure 12). 2
Figure 12 Minimum spacing between text and lines
5.15 Size
The size of the graphic symbol shall take into account the requirements of spatial arrangement, such as the text contained, the components of the combined symbol, other symbol details, and the location and number of connection points.
6 Application
6.1 Proportional adjustment
In practical application, the existing graphic symbols can be appropriately adjusted in different directions according to the same or different proportions as needed, as long as the proportionally adjusted graphic symbols can still fully convey the information of the original graphic symbols. 6.2 Orientation adjustment
In practical application, the orientation of the graphic symbol can be appropriately adjusted to meet the different needs of the flow direction and reading direction (see Figures 13 to 17). Since the graphic symbols have different geometric shapes, a graphic symbol can be adjusted to up to 2, 4 or 8 orientation forms. Note: The various orientation forms of the graphic symbols referred to in this standard shall not be regarded as different graphic symbols. 6.2.1 In simple cases, these orientation forms can be obtained by rotation or mirroring. For example, in Figures 13, 14 and 15, orientation form A is rotated 90° counterclockwise every 7
GB/T16901.1—1997
to become orientation forms B, C and D. Orientation form E is a y-axis mirror image of orientation form A. Orientation form E is rotated 90° counterclockwise each time to become orientation forms F, G and H. 6.2.2 In complex cases, if the graphic symbol contains text, the reading direction and text position should be adjusted according to the provisions of 5.14.3. Orientation form
Orientation form
Orientation form F
Orientation form center
Orientation form A
Orientation form D
Orientation form F
Orientation form G
Possible orientation forms of asymmetric attenuation graphic symbol Figure 13
Orientation form A
Orientation form D
Orientation form F
Orientation form G
Figure 14 Possible orientation forms of thyristor graphic symbol
Orientation form E
Orientation form H|| tt||Orientation form E
Orientation form H
Orientation form
Orientation form C
Orientation form
Flow direction
GB/T16901.1—1997
Orientation form A
Orientation form D
Orientation form B
Direction test ℃
Figure 15 Possible orientation forms of combined graphic symbolsOrientation form
Flow direction
Note: According to the provisions of this standard, orientation forms A, B, E and F are preferred forms. E
Figure 16 Adjustment examples of different orientation forms
Selected form A
Orientation form D
Orientation form
Flow direction
GB/T16901.1—1997
Selected formbZxz.net
Flow direction
Note: According to the provisions of this standard, orientation forms A, B, E and F are preferred forms. Figure 17 Adjustment examples of different orientation forms 2 7 Registration
Graphic symbols of national standards should be uniformly registered, and the registration code system shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 7 of GB/T16900-1997. 10
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