GB 11793.3-1989 Test methods for mechanical properties and weather resistance of PVC plastic windows
Some standard content:
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
ICS69.028：531：678.5
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB11793.3—89
Testing methods on mechanical and weathering properties for PVC windows
Published on November 30, 1989
Implemented on July 1, 1990
State Administration of Technical Supervision
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Testing methods on mechanical and weathering properties for PVC windows
1 Subject content and scope of application
GB11793.3—89
This standard specifies the test methods for mechanical properties and weather resistance of PVC plastic windows (hereinafter referred to as plastic windows). This standard is applicable to the determination of mechanical properties and weather resistance of whole plastic windows assembled from rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic profiles. It does not involve the junction between windows and walls. The profiles used to manufacture plastic windows must meet the requirements of GB8814 rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) profiles for door and window frames. 2 Reference standards
GB1043 Impact test method for simple supported beams of plastics GB3681 Test method for exposure of plastics to natural climate GB8814 Rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) profiles for door and window frames GB9158 Test method for mechanical properties of windows for buildings 3 Test method for mechanical properties of plastic windows
3.1 Test contents
Measure the force required to operate the opening and closing of plastic windows; measure the deformation and damage of windows under abnormal force; measure the performance of window supports and opening limiters; measure the fatigue properties of plastic window opening and closing;
Measure the bearing capacity of plastic windows when they are closed with great force; measure the corner strength.
All types of windows should be tested for mechanical properties according to the items listed in Table 1. For windows with multiple opening methods, each opening method should be tested separately.
3.2 Testing device
The testing device may include the following main parts: a.
Fixing device for window specimens: the device should not hinder the freedom of the opening and closing direction of the window sash; force-applying and force-measuring device;
Device for measuring displacement (deformation): including displacement measuring device and device for positioning it; switch fatigue measuring device;
Angular strength measuring device.
3.3 Testing preparation
3.3.1 Sampling method and number of specimens
Plastic windows: for each type of window, no less than 3 window specimens shall be randomly selected from the batch of products. Approved by the State Technical Supervision Bureau on November 30, 1989, and implemented on July 1, 1990. Corner strength test piece - Types of windows Casement windows Sliding windows Sliding shaft casement windows Top-hung windows Bottom-hung windows Center-hung windows Vertical-rotating windows Left-right sliding windows Up-and-down sliding windows The number of profile test pieces tested each time should be no less than 5. Table 1 Test items for mechanical properties of various types of plastic windows Simulated abnormal stress test Wing bending or bending Hanging weight at the end Note: The "V" symbol indicates the items to be tested. 3.3.2 Requirements for test pieces
Diagonal deformation
Window stays or
Opening limit
Window opening and closing fatigue
Test pieces should be qualified products of the manufacturer, and no extra spare parts should be added, or special assembly processes should be used. The inlay of the test piece should meet the design requirements, or be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations (such as glass quality problems or inlay quality does not meet the requirements of relevant specifications; if abnormal glass breakage occurs during the test, it should be re-measured); glass thickness, model and inlay method should meet the regulations of the manufacturer; c.
For the production and requirements of angular strength test pieces, see Article 3.5.7 of this standard. d.
3.3.3 Storage of test pieces
Test pieces should be placed at 18-28℃ for at least 16 hours before various performance tests are carried out. 3.4 Installation of test pieces
Install the window test piece on a fixed test frame, and make the stress state as close as possible to the actual use state. It is required to be vertical up and down and horizontal left and right. Deformation due to installation is not allowed. 3.5 Testing method
3.5.1 Determination of window opening and closing force
Measure the maximum force required for the window sash to be continuously opened or closed during normal use, expressed in N. During the test, hook the spring scale to the handle, and use the spring scale to pull the window sash by hand to open or close it, and read the maximum reading displayed by the spring scale when opening and closing. During the test, the direction of force application should be consistent with the direction of the switch. 3.5.2 Simulated abnormal force test
The simulated abnormal force test includes the hanging end hanging weight test, warping or bending test, twisting and diagonal deformation test. During the test, the force should be applied evenly and in a balanced manner without any impact. The deformation during the second loading and the residual deformation after unloading are used as evaluation indicators.
3.5.2.1 Hanging weight test
The hanging weight test is to measure the performance of an open window when subjected to an external vertical force. Apply a vertical downward force of 500N on the center line of the sash frame profile at the free end of the window sash with an opening angle of 90°±5°, hold for 5s and then unload immediately. After unloading for 60s, record the initial reading Lo (accurate to 0.10mm) of the position of the measuring point on the center line of the sash frame profile at the free end of the window sash. Apply the second load (500N) and hold for 60s. Record the reading L1 of the measuring point at this time. Unload immediately, hold for 60s, and record the reading L2 of the measuring point.
Load deformation = LI-Lo
Residual deformation = L2-Lo
3.5.2.2 Warping or bending deformation test
The warping or bending deformation test simulates the deformation of the window sash when one corner of the window sash is stuck and forced to open the window, or when a person leans on the open window sash and is subjected to wind force.
The warping deformation test of casement windows and hung windows is to loosen the lock of the window sash and make one corner of the window sash stuck, then apply a force of 300N at the window sash handle, keep it for 5s and then remove the force. After unloading for 60s, record the initial reading L (accurate to 0.10mm) on the displacement measuring instrument at the handle, then apply the second load (300N), keep it for 60s, record the reading L1 on the measuring instrument, unload it immediately, keep it for 60s, and record the reading L2 on the measuring instrument, the unit is mm. Load deformation = L1-Lo
Residual deformation = L2-Lo
The bending deformation test of sliding windows is to put the window sash in a half-open state, and the position of the force should be at the midpoint of the vertical support of the window sash opening side. The force direction is perpendicular to the window plane. The test procedure and deformation measurement requirements are the same as those of casement windows. 3.5.2.3 Distortion deformation test
The distortion deformation test simulates the distortion deformation of the window sash frame handle when the window sash is suddenly blocked and forced to push and pull during use (Figure 1), see Figure 2.
Apply a force of 200N consistent with the opening and closing direction to the handle of the sliding window frame, and load according to the loading procedure specified in 3.5.2.1 of this chapter. Determine the load deformation and residual deformation of the handle after the second loading and unloading, expressed in millimeters, accurate to 0.10mm. For sliding windows without protruding handles, distortion tests are not required. 3.5.2.4 Diagonal deformation test
The diagonal deformation test is to measure the diagonal deformation of the sliding window when the window sash is blocked during the opening and closing process. The test is to apply a force of 200N in the same direction of pushing and pulling at the handle of the window sash when one corner of the window sash is stuck. The load is applied according to the procedure specified in Article 3.5.2.1 of this chapter, and the diagonal deformation of the window sash is measured during the second loading and after unloading, expressed in millimeters, accurate to 0.1mm.
3.5.3 Window support test
The window support test is to measure the bearing capacity of the window support when it is stressed (such as gusts of wind blowing the window sash). During the test, the window sash is in a stable open state, and a force of 200N is applied vertically to the handle. According to the procedure specified in Article 3.5.2.1. The maximum deformation of the window support under load and the residual deformation after unloading are measured in millimeters, accurate to 0.10mm. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
3.5.4 Opening limiter test
Figure 1 Distortion test state diagram
Figure 2 Deformation of the window sash frame at the handle during the distortion test The opening limiter test is to determine the bearing capacity of the window sash opening limiter under the sudden opening force when the closed window sash is blown open by a gust of wind.
During the test, the window is first in the closed state, and the pulley pulls the window sash open with a force of 1ON. The limiter is subjected to a force of 10N and the impact of the inertia force of the window sash. This is repeated 10 times, and the damage of the window sash and its limiter during and after the test is recorded. Test in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB9158.
3.5.5 Switching fatigue test
The switching fatigue test is to determine the performance of the window sash after 10,000 openings and closings. a. Switching fatigue test of casement window
The opening degree of the window sash is 60°±5°. Under the condition of a switching speed of 10 to 20 times per minute, the switching test is carried out for no less than 10,000 times (one opening and closing is calculated as one time). During the test, the external force applied when the window sash contacts the frame is zero. During the test, the damage of the test piece should be checked and recorded.
b. Switching fatigue test of sliding window
First, put the window sash in an unlocked state, and then apply a certain force to the handle to make the sliding window sash open and close more than 10,000 times at a speed of about 15m/min (one opening and closing is calculated as one time). During the test, whether the test piece is damaged or cracked should be observed and recorded.
3.5.6 Strong Closing Test
The strong closing test simulates the bearing capacity of an open window when the window support is forgotten to be locked or fails due to use, and the window sash and frame collide violently under gusts.
During the test, the window sash is opened 45°±5°, and then the window sash is loosened, so that the window sash is violently closed under the load, and repeated 10 times, and the window specimen is observed and recorded for damage. The test load should be applied to the handle of the window sash through the pulley, and its size should be equivalent to half of the force of the seventh-level wind, that is, 75Pa multiplied by the area of the window sash.
3.5.7 Corner Strength Test
The corner strength test is to determine the breaking strength of the corners of the window sash and the window frame. Before the test, the profile is cut according to the size of Figure 3 and one end is sawed into a 45° angle. Then, a 90°±1° right-angle test piece is made by the same process as the manufacturer, and the weld nodules are removed. The number of test pieces should be no less than 5. The test pieces are stored in an environment of 18-28℃ for at least 16 hours, and tested at a loading speed of 50±5mm/min under the same temperature conditions. The maximum load at the time of failure and the failure of the test piece are measured, and the average value of the test results of 5 test pieces is expressed. During the test, a pad should be placed under the test piece to make the test piece evenly stressed. P
(Size: mm)
Figure 3 Angle strength test
3.6 Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
The source of the test piece;
The name, type, opening method, specifications and dimensions of the test piece, as well as the elevation, section, and profile section of the entire window; b.
The type and quantity of hardware,
The type, thickness and inlay method of glass; the type and material of the sealing strip; and the test results of various mechanical properties. d.
4 Weathering test method for plastic windows
The weathering test method for plastic windows can be divided into artificial accelerated aging and natural weathering test methods. According to specific conditions, either of the above two methods can be selected, or both methods can be used for testing at the same time. 4.1 Testing equipmentbZxz.net
4.1.1 Artificial climate test chamber
Should comply with the provisions of GB8814.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
4.1.2 Pendulum impact instrument shall comply with the provisions of GB8814. 4.1.3 Gray sample card for evaluating discoloration shall comply with the requirements of GB250-84. 4.1.4 Test piece exposure rack
4.2 Test piece
4.2.1 When conducting artificial climate accelerated aging test, at least 4 test pieces shall be cut from the exposed surface of the window frame profile by random sampling. The size of the test piece is: 150mm long, 70mm wide (or the width of the profile's use surface): the thickness is the wall thickness of the profile. 4.2.2 When conducting weathering tests under natural climatic conditions, the following two types of test pieces can be used: one is a test piece placed on an exposure rack, and the sampling method and test piece size are the same as those of the test piece for artificial aging tests; the other is a whole window test piece installed on a building for testing. The test window is selected from the qualified products of the manufacturer by random sampling, and at least 5 windows should be taken for testing. 4.3 Test steps
4.3.1 Artificial accelerated aging test
Store two of the prepared test pieces in a dark room at room temperature, and place the other two in an artificial climate test box, and conduct the test in accordance with the relevant provisions of artificial accelerated aging in the weathering test of GB8814. The test period for external windows should be 1000h. The test period for the inner window should be 500 hours. After the test piece is taken out, the appearance, discoloration and simply supported beam impact strength of the test piece before and after aging shall be tested within 24 hours according to the requirements of Article 4.4 of this standard. 4.3.2 Weathering test under natural climate conditions The prepared test piece shall be exposed to the sun according to the requirements of GB3681. In the first three months, the appearance shall be observed or inspected once a month. In the next two years, it shall be tested once a quarter and the simply supported beam impact test shall be carried out. If the test needs to be continued after two years, it shall be measured every six months from the third year until its weathering resistance fails. The test piece shall be able to withstand atmospheric exposure test for not less than two years. 4.3.3 Weathering resistance test under actual use conditions Two window profiles with a length of 300 mm are placed in a dark room at room temperature. In addition, the prepared 5-hiss test windows are installed on the outer wall of the building according to the usual construction method. After two years of use on the building, their appearance (appearance, color) and switch function are checked. A window sash with the worst appearance performance is selected from it, and the profile is cut from it. The impact test is carried out according to 4.4.3 and compared with the profile retained in the dark room.
4.4 Test piece performance test
The test pieces after artificial aging and natural climate exposure tests should be tested for appearance, discoloration, simply supported beam impact performance and whole window switch function, and should be compared with the original test pieces. 4.4.1 Appearance
Under natural light, 400 to 500 mm away from the surface of the test piece, visually inspect whether there are bubbles, cracks, etc. on the surface. 4.4.2 Discoloration
Use a gray scale to detect.
4.4.3 Determination of simply supported beam impact performance
The impact strength of the two specimens before and after the weathering test is determined by the following method, and the impact strength retention rate is obtained. a. Preparation and quantity of specimens
Prepare V-notch specimens according to the following dimensions of the profile specimens before and after aging, and the number should be no less than 5. Table 2 Dimensions of simply supported beam notch specimens
b. Test method
Profile wall thickness
Notch depth
Notch width
Arc radius
The simply supported beam impact performance test is carried out on the specimens before and after aging according to the requirements of GB1043, and the ratio of the average impact strength of the specimens before and after aging is taken as the impact strength retention rate. c. The test results are calculated as follows:
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Impact strength f: (KJ/m2)
Where: W—the work consumed by the destruction of a specimen kJ; 6—the width of the specimen m;
d. The remaining thickness at the notch of the specimen m.
And calculate the arithmetic mean of the impact value.
The impact strength retention rate β is calculated as follows: Where: fi——the impact strength of the unaged specimen; fi2——the impact strength of the aged specimen. W
4.4.4 The opening and closing function of the entire window: Open and close the window sash repeatedly 5 times to observe whether its opening and closing is blocked. 4.5 Test report
The test report should include:
The source of the test piece, the date of production and measurement;
The name of the test piece: type, opening method, specifications and dimensions, as well as the elevation, section and profile section of the whole window; the type and quantity of hardware;
The type, thickness and inlay method of the glass; the type and material of the sealing strip;
Test conditions;
The surface performance of the test piece before and after the artificial climate or natural climate exposure test: whether there are bubbles and cracks on the appearance; discoloration and simply supported beam impact; whether the whole window still maintains the original opening and closing functions. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Building Standard Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction. This standard is drafted and interpreted by the Decoration Department of the China Academy of Building Research. The main drafter of this standard is Wang Yongjing.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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