Some standard content:
ICS53.100
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T3688.3-1998
Wheel loadersMethods of tests1998-09-30Promulgated
State Bureau of Machinery Industry
Implementation on 1998-12-01
JB/T3688.3—1998
1 Scope
2 Reference standards
3 Preparation before test
4 Machine performance test
5 Industrial test
Test report
JB/T3688.3—1998
This standard is a revision of JB3688.3-84 "Type test methods for wheel loaders". Compared with JB3688.3-84, the main technical content of this standard has been changed as follows: 1. In order to coordinate and unify with relevant test method standards, this standard directly quotes single test method standards (all of which are Chinese standards that adopt international standards and foreign advanced standards); 2. The general provisions of Chapter 1 of the original standard are changed to the preparation before the test in Chapter 3 of this standard, and the provisions of the sampling method are added; 3. The grid method for measuring the driver's field of vision is changed to the visibility on the circumference; 4. The determination of the limit value of the ramp is added.
This standard will replace JB3688.3-84 from the date of implementation. This standard is proposed and managed by the Engineering Machinery Standardization Technical Committee of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. The drafting unit of this standard is Tianjin Engineering Machinery Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. The main drafting units of this standard are: Liuzhou Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd., Xiamen Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd., and Xuzhou Loader Factory.
The main drafters of this standard are: Yang Yaoxi, Wu Runcai, Liu Liangchen, Zhao Canming, Li Suoyun, Zhang Erping, Li Weiping, and Hu Hao. II
1 Scope
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Wheel loadersMethods oftestsThis standard specifies the whole machine performance test and industrial test methods of wheel loaders. JB/T3688.3-1998
Error! Bookmark not defined.
Replaces JB3688.3—84
This standard applies to wheel loaders (hereinafter referred to as loaders) for open-air use and front-end forward operation. Other types of loaders may also refer to it.
2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB6375-86
GB8499—87
GB 8532-87
GB 859288
GB 1040089
GB 1091389
GB/T16710.2—1996
GB/T16710.3—1996
GB/T1671 0.4-1996
GB/T16710.5—1996
GB/T16937.2—1997
JB3683— 84
JB/T3688.2—1998
JB369084
JB/T7160—93
JB/T7 690—1995
JB/T76911995
JB/T8113—95
JB/T8812—1998||tt ||JB/T51147—94
JB/T51148—94
ZBJ85006—87
3 Preparation before the test
3.1 Sampling
Test method for traction of earth-moving machinery
Method for determining the position of the center of gravity of earth-moving machinery
Performance requirements and test methods for braking systems of wheeled earth-moving machineryDetermination of steering dimensions of wheeled vehicles of earth-moving machineryMeasurement method for the force and tipping load of loadersWangfang machinery
Construction machinery
Construction machinery
Construction machinery
Construction machinery
Earth-moving machinery
Construction machinery
Determination of driving speed
Machine external radiation under fixed test conditions Determination of radiated noise at the driver's position under stationary test conditionsDetermination of external radiated noise under dynamic test conditionsDetermination of noise at the driver's position under dynamic test conditionsMethods for evaluating driver's field of vision
Comfort zone and reach of manipulation
Technical requirements for wheel loaders
Construction machinery
Construction machinery
Construction machinery
Construction machinery
Mass measurement methods for the whole machine, its working devices and componentsTest methods for driver's field of vision
Units and measurement accuracy of dimensions and performance
Test method for slope limit value (static) of machine fluid system operationLoader bucket capacity calibration
Terminology for loaders
Specification for accelerated reliability test of wheel loaders Carrier reliability test method, fault classification and assessment Engineering machinery
Test method for measuring the action time of working device Approved by the State Machinery Industry Bureau on September 30, 1998 and implemented on December 1, 1998
JB/T3688.3-1998
Sampling method for loaders According to the provisions of Chapter 5 of JB/T3688.2-1998, data preparation requirements
Before testing the loader, at least the following technical data should be available: a) Loader operating and maintenance instructions, main components and spare parts catalogue; b) Original assembly dimensions and debugging records of the main components and wearing parts of the test prototype; 3) Certificates or performance test reports of the main components of the test prototype (engine, torque converter, transmission, drive axle, hydraulic pump, hydraulic valve and hydraulic cylinder).
3.3 Technical preparation requirements
Before testing the loader, at least the following technical preparations should be carried out and recorded according to the contents of Table 1: a) Check the appearance coating quality, weld quality, hydraulic parts sealing condition, and lubrication condition of sliding parts of the test prototype; b) Check whether the special tools, spare parts, and testing gauges of the test prototype are complete; c) Check whether the accuracy of test instruments, gauges, sensors, etc. has been calibrated according to technical specifications; d) The test prototype should verify the maximum no-load speed of the engine, the calibrated pressure of the hydraulic system safety valve, and the operating air pressure or oil pressure of the brake system according to the loader's operating and maintenance instructions and product technical specifications; e) Before the formal test of the test prototype, a running-in test should be carried out according to the loader's operating and maintenance instructions and product technical specifications, and maintenance should be carried out according to regulations after the running-in test.
Loader pre-test inspection record
Prototype model:
Manufacturer:
Inspection test personnel:
Inspection items
Appearance coating quality
External quality of prototype
Welding seam quality
Sealability of hydraulic parts
Lubrication condition
Special tools, spare parts and measuring tools
Brake system operating air pressure or oil pressure
Rated pressure of hydraulic system safety valve
Maximum no-load speed
Rated power/Rated speed
Engine
Manufacturer
Contents of running-in
Road conditions
Operating mileage
Operating time
Working materials
Working volume
Working time
Running-in results
Factory number:
Inspection date:
Recorder:
Problems found and troubleshooting methods
3.4 Requirements for test site
JB/T3688.31998
3.4.1 The fixed test site should be a flat, level, hard asphalt or concrete paved site. Within the maximum external dimensions of the loader, the slope of the test site in all directions should not exceed 0.5%, and the flatness should not exceed 3mm/m2. 3.4.2 The climbing ability test site should be a flat, hard covering layer with a slope angle of about 20. The bottom of the slope should have the acceleration distance required to obtain the specified driving speed. The shortest length of the ramp should exceed 3 times the total length of the test sample, and the measurement section on the ramp should be greater than 1.5 times the total length of the test sample.
3.5 Measurement accuracy requirements
For various measurement parameters without special requirements, the average value of 3 measurements is taken, and the measurement accuracy shall comply with the provisions of JB/T7690. 4 Machine performance test
4.1 Fixed test
4.1.1 Measurement of main geometric parameters
4.1.1.1 Instruments and equipment
Steel ruler, tape measure, angle gauge, level, plumb line, tire pressure gauge and benchmark, etc. 4.1.1.2 Measurement method
Place the test sample on the fixed test site of 3.4.1. Its tire pressure should meet the requirements of the operation and maintenance instructions, and be measured and recorded according to Figure 1 and Table 2.
4.1.2 Measurement of bucket capacity
The bucket capacity of the loader shall be measured and recorded according to the provisions of JB/T8113 and Table 3. 4.1.3 Measurement of the working mass and center of mass of the whole machine 4.1.3.1 Test conditions
The loader shall be filled with coolant, fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil as required, and include tools, spare parts, a motor (75kg) and other accessories. The tire pressure shall meet the requirements of the operation and maintenance instructions. 4.1.3.2 Test method
The front and rear frames of the loader are in a straight line or at the maximum left and right deflection angles, and the loads of each bridge and each tire of the loader, the working mass of the whole machine and the coordinates of the center of mass are measured according to the provisions of Table 4, Table 5, JB3690 and GB8499. During the measurement, the joystick should be in the hand position and the wheels should be in a relaxed state.
Note: If the sum of the loads on the front and rear axles is different from the working mass of the whole machine, the working mass of the whole machine should be used as the standard, and the error should be distributed to the front and rear axles according to the mass ratio. 4.1.4 Determination of ramp limit value
The test conditions and methods of the ramp limit value of the loader liquid system operation shall comply with the provisions of JB/T7691. 4.2 Determination of acting force
4.2.1 Determination of breakout force, lifting capacity and tipping load The test conditions and methods of the breakout force, lifting capacity and tipping load of the loader shall comply with the provisions of GB10400. 4.2.2 Determination of bucket plunge force
4.2.2.1 Test conditions
According to the provisions of 4.1.3.1.
4.2.2.2 Test method
First, place the loader bucket flat on the reference ground plane, then rotate the bucket hydraulic cylinder to slowly lift the front wheel until the front wheel is 10~20mm off the ground, and then measure according to Table 6 and Figure 2. Record the plunge force at the bucket cutting edge, the static radius of the rear wheel, and the distance from the plunge force action point to the rear axle.
Note: The definition of symbols in the figure can be found in JB/T8812JB/T3688.3-1998
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of measurement of main geometric parameters
Overall dimensions
Bucket width
Distance from rear axle to hinge point
Body turning angle Al
Ground clearance
Material transport position height
Rear overhang length
JB/T3688.3—1998
Table 2 Loader geometric parameter record table
Mainframe maximum length
Complete machine length
Mainframe maximum total height
Mainframe maximum width||tt| |Height of hinge at maximum lift
Height of machine at maximum lift
Maximum cutting angle
Transverse swing angle of subframe
Unloading height (when unloading angle is 45°)
Unloading distance (when unloading angle is 45°)
Transport position
Maximum turning angle
Unloading angle
Turning radius
Ground position
At maximum lift
Turning radius of machine outer deer
Turning radius of bucket in transport position
Digging depth
Measured value
Internal cross-sectional area below the bucket calibration surfaceInner part of bucket Side width
JB/T3688.31998
Table 3 Bucket capacity measurement record
Distance between the cutting edge in the middle of the bucket and the upper edge of the back plate Cutting edge protrusion height
Material accumulation height
Back plate height
Bucket flat capacity V
Pile tip volume V
Bucket rated capacity
Table 4 Mass and bridge load distribution measurement record
Machine working weight
Front axle load
Rear axle load
Left side load
Table 5 Center of mass coordinate measurement record
Center of mass coordinate
Right side load Weight
Average value
Load distribution
Front axle Rear axle
Left side Right side
Tire static radius
Average value
Throwing force
4.3 Determination of action time of working device
4.3.1 Test conditions
JB/T3688.3—1998
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of bucket thrust measurement
Table 6 Bucket thrust measurement record
Distance from force action center to rear axlebZxz.net
Rear wheel static radius
According to the provisions of 4.1.3.1, during the initial measurement, the oil temperature of the hydraulic system is 50℃±3℃. 4.3.2 Determination of lifting time
First, turn the bucket backward from the reference ground plane, then load the bucket to the rated load (working load), operate the lifting hydraulic cylinder to lift the bucket to the highest position, measure the bucket lifting time according to Table 7 and ZBJ85006, and at the same time measure the vertical lifting height of the bucket hinge pin and calculate the bucket lifting speed.
Table 7 Work device action time measurement record table Items
Lifting time
Descending time
Unloading time
Height of bucket hinge pin
4.3.3 Determination of unloading time
Moving distance
Determination time
Measured speed
Add rated load in bucket
During the test, lift the bucket to the highest unloading position, start the bucket hydraulic cylinder, and rotate the empty bucket from the highest position to the unloading position. According to the provisions of Table 7 and ZBJ85006, measure the continuous time of this process (i.e., unloading time). 4.3.4 Determination of descending time
During the test, lower the empty bucket from the highest position to the reference ground plane. According to the provisions of Table 7 and ZBJ85006, measure the continuous time of this process, and at the same time measure the vertical descending height of the bucket hinge pin, and calculate the bucket descending speed. 7
4.4 Determination of hydraulic cylinder settlement
4.4.1 Test conditions
JB/T3688.3—1998
According to the provisions of 4.1.3.1, the oil temperature of the hydraulic system is 50℃±3℃ during the initial measurement. 4.4.2 Static test method
The bucket is flipped back and carries the rated load (working load). The lifting hydraulic cylinder is operated to make the bucket reach the highest position. The engine is turned off and the distribution valve is operated to the closed position. According to the items in Table 8, the extension length of the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder and the bucket hydraulic cylinder is measured every 15 minutes. The test time is 3 hours.
Table 8 Hydraulic cylinder settlement measurement record
5 Determination of driver's field of vision
Piston rod extension length
Lifting hydraulic cylinder
Bucket hydraulic cylinder
Hourly settlement
Lifting hydraulic cylinder
The determination of loader driver's field of vision shall be in accordance with the provisions of JB/T7160 and GB/T16937.2. 4.6 Arrangement of operating device and determination of operating force and stroke 4.6.1 Test conditions
Bucket hydraulic cylinder
According to the provisions of 4.1.3.1, all components of the operating system shall be adjusted to normal state according to the requirements of the operating and maintenance instructions. 4.6.2 Instruments and meters
Dynamometer, pressure gauge, tape measure and steel ruler, etc. 4.6.3 Determination method
The layout of the loader's operating device shall be drawn in accordance with the provisions of JB3683. Remarks
Use a dynamometer or pressure gauge to measure the maximum operating force of the joystick in the full stroke at the center position of the joystick when it is normally operated, and use a steel ruler or tape measure to measure the displacement of the full stroke and record it according to Table 9. Table 9 Record of operating force measurement of operating device
Operating force
Name of operating device
4.7 Determination of noise
Operation direction
The determination of loader noise shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T16710.2~16710.5. 4.8 Determination of vibration
The vibration of the loader on the driver's seat and the floor shall be measured under the following working conditions and recorded according to Table 10:8
JB/T3688.31998
a) Maximum idling engine speed, loader braked to a standstill: b) Rapid engine condition, loader braked to a standstill: c) Maximum engine speed, loader running at the lowest gear: d) Maximum engine speed, loader running at the highest gear. Table 10 Vibration measurement record
Vibration acceleration
Measurement conditions
Maximum idling engine speed, loader braked to a standstill Rapid engine condition, loader braked to a standstill Maximum engine speed, loader running at the lowest gear Maximum engine speed, loader running at the highest gear 4.9 Determination of steering dimensions
The determination of steering dimensions of loader shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB8592. 4.10 Determination of tire ground contact pressure
4.10.1 Test conditions
Seat surface
According to the provisions of 4.1.3.1, the tire tread should not have significant wear, the bucket is in the transport position, no load, and the frame is in the straight line and maximum deflection state respectively.
4.10.2 Test method
On a test site that complies with 3.4.1, support the tire, apply ink or waste oil on the tire surface that may contact the ground, and place white paper directly under the tire, and put the tire down to imprint on the white paper. Then support the tire again, take out the white paper (see Figure 3), measure the indentation area and horizontal projection area of each tire, and calculate according to formula (1) and formula (2) and record in Table 11. G
In the formula: n
-the indentation pressure ratio of the i-th tire, that is, the tire load borne by the unit indentation area, MPa:-the projection pressure ratio of the i-th tire, that is, the tire load borne by the unit horizontal projection area, MPa; the load borne by the i-th tire, N:
the indentation area of the convex part of the i-th tire pattern, mm; the sum of the horizontal projection areas of the convex and concave parts of the i-th tire on the white paper, mm. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of indentation (A) and projection (B) area ()
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.