This standard specifies the general method for the coordination of concepts, concept systems, definitions, terms and terminology systems. This standard is applicable to the coordination of international terminology and the terminology of various ethnic languages ​​in China. It can also be used as a reference for other terminology work. GB/T 16785-1997 Coordination of concepts and terminology in terminology work GB/T16785-1997 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the general method for the coordination of concepts, concept systems, definitions, terms and terminology systems. This standard is applicable to the coordination of international terminology and the terminology of various ethnic languages ​​in China. It can also be used as a reference for other terminology work.

GR/T16785-1997
It adopts IS0860:1596 equivalently to coordinate concepts and terms. This standard considers the characteristics of Chinese language and the actual situation of terminology work in terms of expression methods, and adds an Appendix A "Type Example Diagram of Relationship between Concepts".
Appendix A of this standard is a prompt appendix.
This standard is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Terminology Standardization. This standard is organized by the China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. The originating units of this standard are: China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding, Standardization and Metrology Bureau of the National Science and Technology Commission, Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, and National Natural Science Name Review Committee. The main drafters of this standard are: Su Wubin, Li Jinwan, Yu Bo, Bo Shuxiang, and Xu Junrong. B/T16785-1997
ISO Foreword
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a world standard alliance of national standards bodies (ISOs) (member bodies). The work of preparing international standards is usually carried out through technical committees of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Each member body interested in a field for which a technical committee has been established has the right to participate in the technical committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental organizations in contact with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) also participate in this work. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) cooperates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in all aspects of electrical technical standardization. International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to their member bodies for voting. Publication as an international standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies.
ISO860 International Standard was prepared by the first subcommittee of the technical committee ISO/TC37/SC1\Terminology (Principles and Coordination), namely the "Terminology Working Principles" subcommittee.
This standard is a technical static revision of ISO/R860:1968 recommended standard, which abolishes and replaces ISO/R860:1968. G/T 16785 ---1997
Due to different social, economic, cultural and linguistic backgrounds, concepts and terminology develop differently in different languages ​​and language groups. On the one hand, there are differences between parallel conceptual systems, and on the other hand, there are misleading similarities in the meanings of terms, which cause communication problems.
Terminology work-Harmonization is based on concepts, because the differences between concepts are not necessarily obvious at the terminological level: similarities at the terminological level in different languages ​​do not necessarily mean that the concepts referred to by the terms are exactly the same. Therefore, the harmonization work always starts at the conceptual level and continues at the terminological level. The concepts and terminology in international standards are established for international use, but they may not be adopted in an unchanged form by all countries. This also applies to countries using the official language of an International Standard. For example, the English version of an international standard may not be equally suitable for use as a US standard or a British standard. 1 Scope
National Standards of the People's Republic of ChinawwW.bzxz.Net
Terminology work-Harmonization of concepts and terminology,
ofconcepts and terms
B/T 16785-1997
eqv TS0 860: 1996
This standard specifies the general method for the coordination of concepts, concept systems, definitions, technical proofs and terminology systems. This standard applies to the coordination of international terminology and the terminology of various ethnic languages ​​in my country. Other terminology work can also be used as a reference. 2 Reference standards
The meanings contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through use in this standard: When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the feasibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T1.6:-1997 Guidelines for standardization work Unit 1: Rules for drafting and expressing standards Part 6: Provisions for the preparation of terminology standards (rneg IS0) 10211: 1992)
(3/T 3935. 1—1996 General terms and definitions related to standardization and related activities (i1 1S0/1FC: Guideline 2:1991) CB 1011288 General principles and methods for establishing terminology (neg IS() 704:1987) GB/1523794 Vocabulary of terminology (ne9 ISO 1087.1990) 3 Definitions
and notation The definitions of (B 15237 and the following definitions are adopted. 3.1 General coordination
The activity of reducing or eliminating slight differences between two or more closely related concepts. NOTE: Concept coordination is an indispensable part of standardization work. 3.2 Terminology coordination
The activity of referring to a concept in different languages ​​by terms that reflect the same or similar characteristics or have the same or slightly different forms.
4 Coordination of concepts and concept systems
Coordination of concepts and concept systems includes comparison and contrast of concept systems in one language, multiple languages ​​or multiple professional fields. Concepts and concept systems in one language cannot be directly transferred to another language (see Figure 1). Note: The following principles are not applicable to all languages ​​and all professional fields. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on May 23, 1997 and implemented on December 1, 1997
Analyze professional fields (see 4.1.1)
Is the possibility of coordination
greater? (matching. 1.1.
Preliminary analysis of frequency concept
(sub. 1. 2)
Are they basically corresponding?
Establish a general system
Determine whether the basic content
Compare the concepts
<see 4. 2. 1 and 4. 2. 2)
Li Herong
Complete the general coordination (see 1. 3)
Start a definition
4. 1 Feasibility study
4.1.1 Professional field analysis
CB/T16785—1997
Are they obviously incompatible
Draft definitions separately
Yes, there are more practical concepts
Figure 1 Coordinated
No coordination (GB/T1. 6)
Coordinate the concepts and conceptual systems of different languages ​​or professional fields before coordinating the concepts.
If the conditions listed in 4.1.1.1 are met, the possibility of achieving coordination is relatively high. 4.1.1.1 Similarity between concepts
GB/T 16785 1997
If any of the following conditions exist, the concepts and conceptual systems unique to each language group or nation may be relatively close to each other. a) The professional field has been established and is relatively stable; h) The object of study in this professional field is specific things, such as machinery, tools, materials or industrial products; h) The professional field has formed a standardized tradition; 4.1.1.2 Differences between concepts
If any of the following conditions exist, the concepts and conceptual systems may be very different. a) There are multiple theoretical frameworks in the professional field; b) It is an emerging or rapidly developing professional field; e) The professional field involves humanities or social sciences (i.e., it is related to new knowledge, politics, ideological issues, etc.): 1) There is no standardization tradition in this professional field: 4.1.2 Preliminary analysis of concept system
If the analysis in 4.1.1 shows that the possibility of coordination is relatively low, a preliminary study of different concept systems should be carried out. Comparing the concepts referred to by various core terms is the premise of all concept coordination. This analysis should determine: a) What common features do concepts expressed in various languages ​​have; b) What features of the concepts differ between languages. After this analysis, the discipline experts will determine whether it is possible to coordinate the concepts. Note: If the preliminary analysis is carried out in conjunction with international standardization work, the analysis object should not be limited to statutory terms. 4.2 Coordination procedure
A basic term list should be compiled according to GB/T 1.6 and a conceptual system framework should be proposed. 4.2.1 Comparison of concept systems
Various related concept systems should be compared, regardless of their origin, that is, whether they are standardized internationally, standardized at the national level, or established at other levels. The comparative analysis of different concept systems should consider the following points (see Figure 2): 1) Number of profiles:
2) Relationships between concepts (see Appendix A)
3) Structural depth:
4) Characteristic types of the concept systems
Each profile system should be constructed according to the same structural characteristic type, and GB/T1.6 For the provisions on concept system and expression, standard documents, technical specifications, other scientific documents, other documents, mandatory standards, technical specifications and their implementation methods: See the terms and definitions in GB/T 3935.1-1996. Terms in italics indicate groups of words. Figure 2 shows two concept systems that need to be separated. 4.2.2 Comparison of single concepts Concept analysis should compare their definitions rather than their terms. Definitions should be collected from reliable source materials (including all the professional knowledge that can be obtained in the professional field). After comparing and analyzing the various definitions of a concept, it can be determined whether they meet the conditions in 4.2.2.1 or 4.2.2.2. GB/T16785-1997
4.2.2.1 Terms in different languages ​​refer to the same concept. In this case, further processing will be carried out. 4.2.2? The connotation and extension of the concept are different. In this case, experts in the subject field should determine which of the following conditions should be used. 1) The difference is obvious
Indicates that there are more than ten different concepts. Give each of these concepts a separate extension and determine their position in the coordinated concept system (see Figure 3)
b) The difference is not significant
Indicates that there is a concept. Define this concept in a consistent way in each language and determine its position in the coordinated concept system.
Note: The conclusion of 4:2, 2.2 is: At some nodes in a coordinated concept set, there is a corresponding concept in other concept systems, but if
there is a sufficient reason, it does not exclude the possibility of filling these nodes. Document
Standard text
Non-mandatory standard
Mandatory standard
Guide Technical specification
Its legal outline
Its implementation document
Its accompanying standard document
Note: Compared with GB/T 3935.11996, the terms in italics represent a group of concepts. 4.3 Subsequent coordination
Figure 3 Example of the concept system of the coordination sheet
Afterwards, if an organization that has not participated in the above coordination process wants to coordinate its established concepts with internationally standardized concepts, it should give priority to the method described in 4.2.2. 5 Description of concepts
Before the formulation of a coordinated definition, consensus should be reached on the following aspects: a) the basic characteristics of the concept's connotation;
h) the basic characteristics that the definition can still accommodate.
It should be based on GB 10I12 and GB/T 1.6 All versions of the definition in different languages ​​should contain the same features, but be worded using the language rules of the language. 6 Harmonization of terminology Harmonization of terminology is only possible when the concepts to which it corresponds are substantially the same. In the process of harmonization, do not be misled by terms that appear similar but are actually different (see 6.2, 1.4 for examples). 6.1 Types of correspondence between terms See 6.1.1 to 1.3 for types of correspondence between terms in different languages. 6.1.1 Correspondence in form
Characteristic: In this type of correspondence, the forms used in each language are the same or similar. Note: The spelling, translation or words used in the following examples may not be the same, but they are all considered to be the same or similar in form. For example
a) Physics
English: physics
French; physiquc
Russian: ska
b) History
English: history
French: histoire
Russian: He-TOPHH
c) Accredited laboratory space
English: acrediied lahoratory
French: laboratoire accricdlite Russian: aKKeTITOBRHHaRJIaSOPATOHA6. 1.2 Sense of pairing
GB/T16785—1997
A pairing type based on term components with local similar meanings. Examples:
a) Data processing
English: data praressing
French: traitcment des donnces Russian: paa
b) Load characteristic
English: load characteristic
French: catacteristique rie rharge Russian: apakIepHcTHKaHarpysktE
6.1.3 Mixed pairing
A combination of the two description forms of 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. Example:
a) Additional element
English +additional element
French: element completemetlairc: Russian: AOOHR ION
b) Tape
English; magnetic tape
French: bande magnetique
Russian: MAI7IHTIFL! JIEE ITS
6.2 Coordination of terminology
At least the factors listed in 6.2.1 to 6.2.4 should be considered. 6.2.1 The tradition of terminology formation in professional fields 6.2.1.1 The conceptual system structure of many professional fields has been reflected in the process of terminology formation. Harmonization of terminology should be continued particularly in those fields where there is a long tradition of systematic terminology, often based on Greek and Latin terms (e.g. nomenclature in chemistry, biology and medicine). 6.2.1.2 In the field of materials science and technology, harmonization of terminology is usually successful and should be continued. 6.2.1.3 In fields where there is extensive international cooperation and good cooperative relations, harmonization of terminology should be carried out on a regional basis. 6.2.1.4 In some fields, even harmonization at the conceptual level has not been attempted. In such cases, it is not appropriate to carry out harmonization of terminology: attempting to harmonize terminology without harmonizing at the conceptual level may lead to confusion. Examples: a) Gasoline English: petrol, motor spirit French: csscnce Russian: Ge b) Crude English: crude il
French: petrole
Russian: He Tb
GB/T167851997
The concept represented by the English pctrnl in the example is different from the concept represented by the French errr: 6.2.2 Established terms
The result of coordination sometimes leads to the proposal to replace established terms with new terms. Therefore, new terms should be introduced only after carefully weighing the pros and cons of such changes.
6.2.3 Language structure
In order to achieve terminological correspondence as much as possible, in the naming process, especially when constructing new terms, the same features of the concepts should be used, and the languages ​​should not be forced to use terminology construction methods with similar language structures. 6.2.4 Terminology planning
In a certain language group, the priority principles of terminology planning or other types of language planning may not be consistent with the priority principles prevailing in international coordination. The benefit of cross-linguistic terminology is that it can promote communication between various language groups, but it may also hinder communication within a language group. The final decision on the form of the term should be left to each language group itself. Logical relationship
Economic relationship
Evidence relationship
Same-relationship
Change effect,American system
Disjunctive relation
Negative relation
Including American system
GB/T 16785--·1997
Appendix A
(Requested Appendix)
Example Diagram of Types of Relationships between Concepts
Ontological Relationship
Other Relationships
(Spatial Relationship) Whole-Part Relationship
Temporal Relationship
Non-Hierarchical Relationship
Whole-Part Relationship
Superordinate Relationship
Subordinate Relationship
Parallel Relationship
First-Level Parallel Relationship
Second-Level Parallel Relationship
Temporal Relationship
Causal Relationship
Pro-Sphere Relationship
Production Relationship
Transformation Relationship
Tool-Relationship
Western Relationship
Example Diagram of Types of Relationships between Concepts
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