This standard specifies the terms for leather ball design, process operation, quality defects, etc. This standard applies to basketballs, volleyballs, soccer balls, and handballs made of natural leather or synthetic leather such as cow, pig, and sheep by hand sewing or gluing, but does not apply to rubber balls and plastic balls. QB/T 3638-1999 Leather Ball Industry Terminology QB/T3638-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

Light Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Leather Ball Industry Terminology
Subject Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies the terms such as leather ball design, process operation, quality defects, etc. QB/T3638—1999
Replaces ZB Y45 001—1988
This standard applies to baskets, volleyballs, footballs, and handballs made of natural leather or synthetic leather such as cow, pig, and sheep by hand sewing or gluing, and does not apply to rubber balls and plastic balls.
2 Terminology
2.1 Design Terminology
2.1.1 Piece Type
Five-sided, six-sided, curved, straight, 8-piece type: left piece, right piece. 2.1.2 Perimeter
Design the size of the pieces of various balls according to the perimeter requirements. 2.1.3 Number of Modeling Pieces
Decompose into several pieces according to the required perimeter and shape. 2.1.4 Reasonable shape
The length, width, narrowness, bend and straight of the ball piece are reasonable, and the finished product has a beautiful appearance. 2.1.5 Extension limit
Determine the size of the sample according to the extension size of leather and other materials. 2.1.6 Approximate side length
The side lengths of the five and six sides are similar, and the lengths of the curved and straight pieces should be symmetrical. 2.1.7 Stitch length
The distance between the needle holes.
2.1.8 Margin
The distance between the edge of the ball piece and the needle hole.
2.1.9 Saddle stitch stitch length
The stitch length on both sides of the seam stem at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical pieces. 2.1.10 Angular distance
The stitch length at the corners of the pentagon and hexagon.
2.1.11 Sheet diameter
The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the pentagon and hexagon.
2.1.12 Take the lower limit of the circumference
The elongation of materials such as leather is calculated within the circumference (referring to hand-sewn balls). 2.1.13 Horizontal and vertical symmetry
The strips, sheet types, horizontal groups and vertical groups should match. 2.1.14 With stems or without stems
Approved by the State Bureau of Light Industry on April 21, 1999
Implemented on March 1, 1999
Glue balls have stems or without stems.
2.1.15 Stem width
Glue balls have stem width.
2.2 Technical operation terms
2.2.1 Leather selection
QB/T3638—1999
Select ball leather with thickness and color that meet the standards and process requirements according to the variety requirements. 2.2.2 Pulling the Residue
Find out the hidden scratches and residues of the leather and make marks. 2.2.3 Slicing
Based on the sample, manually make marks. 2.2.4 Cutting
Use a cutting machine to cut the leather into smooth or rough pieces of various balls. 2.2.5 Matching
Match the pieces of each ball according to the quality standards. 2.2.6 Rolling
Roll the pieces of the ball according to the specified number of times and directions to reduce the extension of the leather. 2.2.7 Weighing and Matching Lining (Touching Lining)
Determine the type and number of layers of cloth to ensure that the weight of the ball meets the standard. 2.2.8 Gluing Lining (Hanging Cloth)
Glue the cloth to the ball piece by hand or machine. 2.2.9 Writing Numbers
Write the number on each group of machine-gluing lining with a pencil to avoid misgrouping. 2.2.10 Punching cloth pieces
Punch the ball pieces with the lining glued on into squares or strips with one ball as a unit. 2.2.11 Punching needle holes (cutting fine eyelets)
Punch the ball pieces with the lining glued on with needle holes using a needle hole die. 2.2.12 Rubberizing leather cloth
Use a machine or hand to rub rubber on the specified cloth. 2.2.13 Cutting leather cloth
Cut the leather cloth with rubber rubbed on it into pieces of specified shapes. 2.2.14 Silk-leak pattern trademark
Use printing liquid to print the specified pattern trademark on the ball piece. 2.2.15 Hot-pressing pattern trademark
Use metal or other materials to hot-press the pattern trademark on the ball piece. 2.2.16 Selecting mouth piece (selecting mouth leather)
Select the ball piece suitable for the ball mouth.
2.2.17 Adhesive tape or sew tape
Use a fine thread, a bent awl or a bent needle to stick or glue the specified tape to the ball piece with a round hole. 2.2.18 Punching the mouth of the ball (drilling holes)
Use a drill or a punching drill to punch out a round hole that matches the mouth of the ball. 2.2.19 Numbering
Print the number on each ball piece manually or with a numbering machine to avoid wrong pieces (each ball is assigned a number). 2.2.20 Ball pieces (ball pieces)
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QB/T3638—1999
Use a flat blade skinning machine or a belt-shaped skinning machine to cut the ball pieces into uniform thickness to ensure the balance of the ball. 2.2.21 Inflate the bladder
Inflate each bladder to the specified size.
2. 2. 22 Test the bladder
Use light to check whether there are sand holes on the bladder and whether there are thin spots in the bladder cavity. 2.2.23 Inhale the bladder
After the air in the bladder is completely sucked out, park it for a specified time to verify whether there is leakage. 2.2.24 Pull the bladder
Spread the hand-sewn bladder that has passed the inspection into a "cap" shape. 2.2.25 Grind the bladder head
Use a bladder grinder to grind the top of the bladder and sand around the bladder mouth to remove the gloss and enhance the bonding ability. 2.2.26 Squeeze the air
Squeeze the air out of the qualified bladder.
2.2.27 Match the bladder
Match the ball piece with a bladder of appropriate weight according to the standard requirements. 2.2.28 Glue the bladder
Glue the prepared bladder to the mouth of the ball piece with adhesive. 2.2.29 Preparation for sewing
Check whether the quality of the ball pieces is up to standard and whether the quantity is in accordance with the requirements. Apply paraffin wax on the edge of the back of the ball pieces, distribute it according to the hardness and softness, and determine the bottom of the mouth. 2.2.30 Boil rosin wax (boil rosin wax)
Make wax blocks with rosin or mushroom resin and vegetable oil. 2.2.31 Make seam ends (twist thread ends)
Make the ends of the taro thread or nylon thread into the thread ends of the sewing needle. 2.2.32 Apply wax thread
Apply the processed wax block on the taro thread or nylon thread. 2.2.33 Sewing small crosses (sewing single row)
32 Sew two pieces opposite to each other in one row (18 pieces are called sewing straight rows). 2.2.34 Sewing strips (sewing double rows)
Sew the sewn small rows into long strips (18 pieces are called sewing bends). 2.2.35 Sewing the floating
Sew the sewn long strips around the ball mouth, 18 pieces are called the third and fourth frames (horse rings, sewing covers). 2.2.36 Sewing the bottom
Turn the "petals" over to face outwards and sew the last group. 2.2.37 Sewing the closing
Sew the last few stitches to make the ball.
2.2.38 Passing the needle
The left and right hand needles cross through the needle holes of the ball pieces. 2.2. 39 Braking
Tighten the thread with a brake machine or a winding stick.
2.2.40 Tie a knot (for the board knot)
Tie a "fruit" knot at the end of sewing.
2.2.41 Tie a knot (for the board knot)
Tie a "cop" knot when the remaining thread is re-sewn at the end of sewing. 190
2.2.42 Beating and kneading the seam stem (knocking the seam)
QB/T 3638 --- 1999
After sewing, rub the seam stem by hand and flatten it on the pier with a hammer. 2.2.43 Slice edge (slope edge)
Use a circular blade edge machine to slice the edge of the ball piece into a "slope" shape. 2.2.44 Brushing (sanding)
Use a hard brush to brush the fibers inside the ball piece to make it fluffy to facilitate bonding. 2.2.45 Edge grinding
Use a grinding wheel machine to grind the edge shuttle produced after edge cutting. 2.2.46 Piece inspection
Inspect whether the quality of the ball piece is qualified.
2.2.47 Weighing
Each set of ball pieces must be weighed and marked inside the ball piece. 2.2.48 Baking rubber
Bake the rubber to soften at 50~60℃.
2.2.49 Cutting rubber
Cut the baked rubber into small pieces required by the processing technology. 2.2.50 Processing of compounding agents
Process various compounding agents to the specified standards according to the process requirements. 2.2.51 Mixing
Mix various compounding agents according to the formula using a scale. 2.2.52 Plasticizing
Process the elastic rubber into a plastic material. 2.2.53 Mixing
Use mechanical action to evenly disperse various compounding agents in the rubber. 2.2.54 Re-refining sheets
Specified rubber sheets rolled out by calendering. 2.2.55 Preparation of adhesive
Prepare according to the formula of different varieties.
2.2.56 Stirring the rubber
Stir the prepared main and auxiliary materials mechanically or manually. 2.2.57 Fabric preparation
Prepare the textiles according to the specifications, varieties and quantity requirements. 2.2.58 Heat refining
Heat refining the mixed rubber on the rubber rolling mill and then use it as the wiping cloth of the calender. 2.2.59 Rubber wiping cloth
Wipe the rubber on the textile through the calender. 2.2.60 Rolling adhesive tape
Roll the starched textile into a roll by machine. 2.2.61 Scraping adhesive tapeWww.bzxZ.net
Scrape the adhesive paste on the textile by hand or machine. 2.2.62 Printing adhesive tape
Use a squeegee to print different marks on the flattened adhesive tape. 2.2.63 Tearing the edge
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Tear off the edge of the cloth.
2.2.64 Selecting the bladder
Select the roundness of the bladder according to the variety requirements. 2.2. 65 Measuring the bladder
QB/T3638—1999
Use a bladder measuring mold or a round ruler to inflate the bladder to the standard size. 2.2.66 Applying glue to the bladder
Apply a layer of glue on the surface of the bladder.
2.2.67 Winding
Evenly wind different specifications of wire on the surface of the bladder by hand or with a winding machine. 2.2.68 Cutting cloth
Cut cloth pieces according to the different shapes of prints on the tape. 2.2.69 Wrapping (cloth sticking)
Stick the tape pieces on the bladder to form a cloth tire. 2.2.70 Inspecting the cloth tire
Check whether the roundness of the cloth tire is standard and whether the overlap is reasonable. 2.2.71 Cutting and rolling rubber strips
Cut and roll the standard rubber strips into standard rubber strips.
2.2.72 Cold mold stamping
Put the cloth tire in the cold mold and inflate it to make the surface have a mark. 2.2.73 Adhesive strips
Adhere the specified rubber strips according to the marks stamped by the cold mold. 2.2.74 Vulcanization
The process of converting plastic rubber into elastic rubber or hard rubber. 2.2.75 Demolding
Deflate the vulcanized tire and take it out of the mold. 2.2.76 Replace the nozzle
Replace the vulcanized tire with a new nozzle.
2.2.77 Inflate and park
Inflate the tire to a certain pressure and park it for a specified time. 2.2.78 Cut rubber edges
Cut off the rubber burrs on the tire (rubber overflowing from the mold mouth). 2.2.79 Sand tire
Use a sand tire machine to sand the tire surface to facilitate bonding. 2.2.80 Tire inspection and grading
Inspect according to the semi-finished product standard, and grade and mark it. 2.2.81 Brush tire
Brush the adhesive on the tire surface.
2.2.82 Brush
Brush the adhesive on the inside of the ball piece.
2.2.83 Tire piece weighting (tire piece matching)
Tire pieces are matched according to the finished product weight requirements so that the total weight of the tire pieces meets the standard. 2.2.84 Check tire pieces
The person who sticks the tire pieces should check the number of pieces and the air pressure of the tire. 192
2.2.85 Brush gasoline
Brush the tire pieces with gasoline to remove dirt.
2.2.86 Punch the ball nozzle hole
QB/T3638—1999
Use a punch (belt punch) to punch out a round hole that matches the ball nozzle at the designated position of the ball piece. 2.2.87 Stick the piece
Stick the ball piece to the tire.
2.2.88 Alignment of corners
One side of the ball piece should be aligned with the stem line or embossing on the tire. 2.2.89 Evenly stick
The ball pieces should be evenly hooked and pasted in sections, and should not be rushed to one end. 2.2.90 Score and flatten
After sticking the ball pieces, use a tool to score the sticking edge and flatten the ball surface. 2.2.91 Grind the stem
Use a stem grinder to grind off the residual glue on the stem line.
2.2.92 Wipe the ball
Wipe off the dirt on the ball surface.
2. 2.93 Iron the ball
Iron the wrinkles flat using different temperatures, internal air pressures, and time according to the variety. 2.2.94 Draw the stem
Draw the stem line once with the specified liquid material. 2.2.95 Patchwork
Patch the various fabrics into the required width.
2.2.96 Rolling
Roll up the patchwork fabrics.
2.2.97 Scraping glue
Scrape a layer of glue on the synthetic leather and fabric with a machine. 2.2.98 Trimming
Trimming the edges of the synthetic leather after bonding. 2.2.99 Parking of finished balls
Inflate the finished balls to the specified pressure and park them for the specified time. 2.2.100 Inspection and grading
Determine the grade according to the various indicators of the balls.
2.2.101 Printing
Mark the specified mark according to the grading results.
2.2.102 Cutting the mouth
Cut off the excess part of the mouth of the ball.
2.2.103 Deflation
For balls that need to be deflated, deflate the balls manually or by machine. 2.2.104 Bagging
Put the balls into paper bags or plastic bags.
2.2.105 Ink brushing
Brush the specified words on the paper (wood) box according to the variety requirements. 2.2.106 Case packing
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QB/T 3638--1999
Pack the balls into boxes according to the variety, category and specified quantity. 2.2.107 Case inspection
Check whether the objects in the box are consistent with the numbers and quantities on the outside of the box. 2.2.108 Packing
Pack the paper (iron) waist hoops as required by baling machine or by hand. 2.2.109 Delivery to the warehouse
Deliver the packed balls to the finished product warehouse for safekeeping as planned. 2.3 Terms of quality defects
2.3.1 Major defects of tools
2.3.1.1 The mold is not round
The lengths of any two diameters in the mold are inconsistent. 2.3.1.2 Sand holes in the mold
There are sand holes on the inner wall of the mold.
2.3.1.3 Stem line misalignment
The misalignment is caused by the inconsistent stem line grooves on the two sides of the mold. 2.3.1.4 Stem line grooves are inconsistent
The width and depth of the stem line grooves are inconsistent. 2.3.1.5 Imprecise mold mouth
The rubber edge of the vulcanized mold is too large, and the hot ironing mold causes the product mark to be too large. 2.3.1.6 Deformation of the die
The die is inconsistent with the original sample.
2.3.1.7 The blade of the die is broken
The edge of the die is broken and has a gap, and the edges of the cut ball pieces are uneven. 2.3.1.8 The needle distance is not consistent
The distance between the needle codes is inconsistent.
2.3.1.9 The needles are not cut evenly
The needle codes are not on the same line, or they are not level. 2.3.1.10 The blade of the die is not flat
The blade is not level,
2.3.1.11 The needle hole of the needle die is too large
The diameter of the needle hole is too large.
2.3.1.12 The edge distance error of the die
The five-sided and six-sided needle hole edges are inconsistent.
2.3.1.13 The cone head is too sharp
The cone head is too sharp and it is easy to scratch the leather surface.
2.3.1.14 Uneven pad of feeder
Uneven pad causes misalignment or deformation of ball eye. 2.3.1.75 Broken needle of needle mold
The tip of needle mold is broken, causing incomplete eye of ball. 2.3.1.16 Bent needle of needle mold
The tip of needle mold is bent and not straight, causing the eye of ball to deviate. 2.3.1.17 Unclean vulcanization mold
The inside of vulcanization mold is not clean, causing uneven stem line of ball tire. 194
2.3.1.18 Unclean hot ironing mold
The inside of hot ironing mold is not clean, causing pollution of ball surface. 2.3.2 Main defects of leather
2.3.2.1 Leather knife wounds
QB/T 3638 --- 1999
Scars caused by improper skinning or leather making process. 2.3.2.2 Leather hidden wounds
Hidden injuries.
2.3.2.3 Leather obvious wounds
Obvious injuries on the surface and back of leather.
2.3.2.4 Leather hollows
Large areas of hollows caused by the process of skinning during leather making. 2.3.2.5 Leather brand
Marks left by branding on the buttocks of cowhide.
2.3.2.6 Leather snake eyes
Hole in the cowhide eaten by snakes and insects.
2.3.2.7 Leather bacterial wounds
Partial decay of the leather surface due to the action of bacteria. 2.3.2.8 Leather cracks
Cracks in the leather grain due to improper craftsmanship or operation during the leather making process. 2.3.2.9 Leather whip marks
The marks left on the surface of the leather after the animals were whipped, which are called whip marks after the leather is finished. 2.3.2.10 Leather color marks
The color of the leather is not consistent.
2.3.2.11 Leather oil marks
Leather absorbs oil unevenly during the leather making process, and oil marks appear on the leather surface. 2.3.2.12 Leather lice eyes
Marks left by lice on cattle.
2.3.2.13 Leather neck lines
All natural lines on the neck and shoulders of cattle, which appear on the leather surface after the leather is finished. 2.3.2.14 Leather blood vessels
The blood vessels in the skin of livestock appear as irregular "small grooves" on the leather surface after the leather is finished. 2.3.2.15 Leather snake sole
White spots on the cow's body that have been eaten by snakes and insects but have not yet healed. 2.3.2.16 Leather horn scar
Thin scars left on the leather surface after being scratched by the horns of a cow chair. 2.3.2.17 Leather crack
Cracks in the leather coating caused by the fingers pushing up the leather coating. 2.3.2.18 Leather sizing
Leather coating falls off.
2.3.2.19 Leather loose surface
The grain layer of the leather is too loose.
2.3.2.20 Leather tube pattern
Coarse wrinkles on the leather surface due to the delamination of the leather tissue. KAONKAca-
2.3.3 Main defects in process operation
2.3.3.1 Improper matching
Inaccurate position.
2.3.3.2 The ball piece is missing
The missing edge and short corner are not consistent with the sample.
2.3.3.3 The matching pieces are not
The matching pieces of thin, thick, soft and hard are not uniform.
2.3.3.4 The color is not
—The color depth is not the same in a ball or between the ball pieces. 2.3.3.5 The trademark is not correct
QB/T3638—1999
The screen frame is distorted, and the printing plate is out of shape, so that the printing and embossing appear skewed. 2.3.3.6 The ball piece is sloping
The cut is not vertical.
2.3.3.7 Mixed pieces
The ball pieces are mixed with each other.
2.3. 3.8 Inaccurate weighing
The ball piece is light or overweight.
2.3.3.9 Corner grinding
The corners of the ball sheet are crushed (caused by the roller falling empty during rolling). 2.3.3.10 Gasket
The two pieces overlap.
2.3.3.11 Unclear printing
The screen leaks the paste, and the rolling temperature is different, making the printing unclear and with white spots. 2.3.3.12 Burnt pattern
The temperature during hot pressing is too high, causing the pattern material to burn. 2.3.3.13 The pattern is not firm
The temperature during hot pressing is too low, causing the pattern material to not adhere firmly. 2.3.3.14 Lax inspection
The inspection requirements for ball sheets are not high, causing unqualified ball sheets to flow into the next process. 2.3.3.15 Misaligned ball nozzle
The nozzle deviates from the specified position.
2.3.3.16 Improper matching of the bladder
The weight of the bladder and the pieces is not accurate, too light or too heavy. 2.3.3.17 Needle penetration at the seam
When sewing the crotch cloth, the awl pierces the leather surface.
2.3.3.18 The bladder is not firmly bonded
The bladder and the crotch cloth are not firmly bonded.
2.3.3.19 Exposed thread
The sewing force is weak and the thread is not pulled tight.
2.3.3.20 Separate needle braking
Brake once every other needle.
2.3.3.21 Missing needle
The leather is pulled apart between the needle holes.
2.3.3.22 Cracked thread
The leather on the front is cracked between the needle holes, but the lining is not broken. 2.3.3.23 The stem is not rubbed through
After closing, the suture thread of the stem is rubbed through.
2.3.3.24 The needle eye is exposed
The diameter of the needle eye is larger than the diameter of the thread.
2.3.3.25 Punch a double eye (wild needle eye)
Punch a new eye outside the original eye.
2.3.3.26 Put the wrong bottom cover on (put the wrong hat on the wrong head) Sew the bottom and cover of ball A on ball B.
2.3.3.27 The closing is not tight
The last few stitches of the hand-sewn ball are not pulled tight.
2.3.3.28 The stem is not straight
The pulling force on the left and right is inconsistent, so the stem is not straight. 2.3.3.29 The closing is sludge
The closing is not careful, and the leather sludge is wiped off.
2.3.3.30 The surface of the closing is broken
The closing is not careful, and the leather surface is pierced.
2.3.3.31 The corner is not penetrated
The corner of the ball is not penetrated when the ball turns over the stem.
2.3.3.32 The size is increased
QB/T3638—1999
Exceeding the design requirements or the ball leather is stretched too much. 2.3.3.33 Not round
The three-point error exceeds the standard.
2.3.3.34 Leakage
Within the specified time, the pressure drops by more than the specified standard. 2.3.3.35 The ball mouth is not straight
The hole on the mouth piece is crooked, or the ball bladder is not glued straight, making the ball mouth not straight. 2.3.3.36 Small circumference
The circumference is less than the standard.
2.3.3.37 Underweight or overweight
Not reaching or exceeding the standard weight.
2.3.3.38 Unclear printing
Lack of gold, ink, blurry and unclear.
2.3.3.39 Weak printing
Gold or ink falling off.
2.3.3.40 Overlapping prints
Double printing.
2.3.3.41 Irregular pattern
The pattern is not printed straight or vertically.
2.3.3.42 Wavy edge
The edge of the piece is high or low like a wave.
2.3.3.43 The thickness of the edge is not the same
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The edge of the same ball piece is thin or thick.
2.3.3.44 Inconsistent width
The same ball piece has different widths.
2.3.3.45 Too wide or too narrow
Too wide or too narrow than the specified size of the piece.
2.3.3.46 Glue lumps
Glue lumps formed on the ball tire or ball piece.
2.3.3.47 Glue bubbles
Air bubbles formed on the ball tire or ball piece when the glue is applied. 2.3.3.48 Insufficient times of glue application
Not applying glue as many times as specified.
2.3.3.49 Swinging piece over the board
Part of the ball piece is placed outside the bottom board.
2.3.3.50 Glue pressing
Part of the ball piece is missing glue when the glue is applied on overlapping pieces. 2.3.3.51 Wrong number
The number was wrong when peeling the film.
2.3.3.52 Uneven surface
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OB/T3638
After gluing the film, the awl was not used to flatten it, resulting in an uneven surface. 2.3.3.53 Wrinkles
When gluing the film, the segments were not hooked, resulting in wrinkles.
2.3.3.54 Off-stem
After gluing the ball, the width of the distance from the stem line exceeded the standard. 2.3.3.55 Over-stem
When wrapping the stem ball, the ball piece exceeds the stem line too much.
2.3.3.56 Foreign matter
There are foreign objects between the ball tire and the ball piece.
2.3.3.57 Scratched the ball piece
Scratched the leather surface with an awl when gluing the film.
2.3.3.58 Deformation of trademark
When gluing the film, the segments are not even, and the ball film is pulled too much, causing the trademark on the film to deform. 2.3.3.59 The ball surface is not clear
Pollution caused by gluing the film.
2.3.3.60 Uneven wrinkles
The ironing ball temperature is lower than the standard, and it is not ironed flat. 2.3.3.61 Shrinkage of the ball
The high temperature of the ironing mold causes shrinkage, separation, and warping of the edges. 2.3.3.62 Grinding the stem to remove the slurry
The coating on the ball surface is wiped off when grinding the stem.
2.3.3.63 Grinding the stem is not clean
The glue on the stem line is not ground clean.
2.3.3.64 Uneven ball mouth
The excess part of the ball mouth is not cut flat, and there are protruding or concave parts. 198
2.3.3.65 Leather damage
Leather surface is damaged when cutting the ball mouth.
2.3.3.66 Stem trace contamination
Liquid paint contaminates the leather surface when trace the stem.
2.3.3.67 Glue falls off when rubbing the cloth
Glue and cloth are not firmly bonded.
2.3.3.68 Loose cloth edge
The cloth edge is too loose, which affects the glue scraping.
2.3.3.69 Tight cloth edge
The cloth edge is too tight, which affects the glue scraping.
2.3.3.70 Uneven wrapping
There are more or less joints between the cloth overlaps when wrapping the liner. 2.3.3.71 The bladder is not round
QB/T3638—1999
The cloth is not tight when wrapping the bladder, causing the ball tire to be not round. 2.3.3.72 The cloth layer is not flat
The cloth layer is not well glued, and the height is uneven.
2.3.3.73 The cloth piece is not straight
The cloth piece is glued irregularly.
2.3.3.74 The sand tire is too heavy
The sand tire is improperly operated, which damages the cloth layer or rubber stem of the ball tire. 2.3.3.75 The sand tire is too light
The ball tire surface is not sanded.
2.3.3.76 The ball tire is delaminated
The tape is separated from the ball bladder.
2.3.3.77 The grains are not full
The embossed grains on the leather surface are not full.
2.3.3.78 Missing material or broken stem
Part of the rubber stem is missing material or broken.
2.3.3.79 Perforation
Burst in the tire.
2.3.3.80 Unclear pattern
The pattern on the leather surface is blurred and unclear.
2.3.3.81 Improper mold installation
During vulcanization, the mold was not installed according to the cold ironing mark.
2.3.3.82 Correct vulcanization
The rubber product achieves the most suitable performance during the vulcanization process. 2.3.3.83 Over-vulcanization
A phenomenon in which the rubber product is over-vulcanized. 2.3.3.84 Under-vulcanization
A phenomenon in which the rubber product is under-vulcanized. 2.3.3.85 Low plasticity
The rubber has small deformation when subjected to stress.
2.3.3.86High plasticity
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