SY 0055-1993 Specification for measurement of long-distance oil and gas pipelines
Some standard content:
Survey Specification for Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems SY/ T 0055-93
Published by Petroleum Industry Press
(Building No. 1, Anhuali District 2, Andingmenwai, Beijing] Typesetting by Beijing Yushan Printing Factory
Printed by Petroleum Industry Press Printing Factory
Published by Xinhua Bookstore Beijing Distribution Office
850×[:6mm 2-page 17 sheets 24 flat characters: 00~3550 First edition in Beijing in January 1993 Second printing in Beijing in January 1998 Book number: 155021-3979 Price: 5.00 yuan Copyright reserved. No reproduction allowed
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China Survey Specification for Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline SystemsSY 0055-93
1993·Beijing
1 General Principles
2 Surveying Work in the Preliminary Design Stage
3 Surveying Work in the Construction Drawing Design Stage
3.1 Line Irrigation Quantity
3.2 Crossing (Spanning) Engineering Survey
3.3 Station Survey
3.4 Inspection and Results
Appendix A Design Drawing Format and Icons
Appendix B Strip Topographic Map Format
Appendix C Longitudinal Section Format
Appendix D Centerline Results Table Format
Appendix E River Use Description
Additional Notes| |tt||++（16）
（28)
China National Petroleum Corporation Document
(93) CNPC Technical No. 598
Notice on the Approval and Release of 27 Oil and Gas Industry Standards Including "Petroleum Surface Engineering Design Document Preparation Procedure"
To all relevant units and relevant petroleum professional standardization technical committees: The draft of 27 standards including "Petroleum Surface Engineering Design Document Preparation Procedure" has been reviewed and approved and is now approved as oil and gas industry standards. The numbers and names of the standards are as follows:
1SY0009--93
2SY 005593 | | tt | 0523-93
Petroleum surface engineering design document preparation specification (replaces SYJ9-83)
Long-distance oil and gas transmission pipeline measurement specification
(replaces SYJ55-83)
High-temperature cathodic stripping test method standard for pipeline anti-corrosion layer
Test method standard for pipeline anti-corrosion layer patch materialTest method standard for pipeline anti-corrosion layer patch insulation sealing performance
Natural gas dehydration design specification
Natural gas liquid recovery design specification
Oilfield water treatment filter
9SY4024-93
10SY 4025-93
11 SY 4025---93
12 SY 4027-93
￥3SY4028--93
14 SY 4029-93
15 $Y 4030. 1-93
16 SY 4030. 2-93
17SY403193
18SY 4033-93
19SY4034-93
20 SY 4035—93
General Rules for Quality Inspection and Assessment of Petroleum Construction Projects (Replacing SYJn4024--88)
Quality Inspection and Assessment Standards for Petroleum Construction Projects Construction Projects (Replacing SYJn4025--88)
Quality Inspection and Assessment Standards for Petroleum Construction Projects Storage Projects (Replacing SYJn4026--88)
Quality Inspection and Assessment Standards for Petroleum Construction Projects In-station Steel Process Pipeline Installation Projects
(Replacing SYJn4027-88)
Quality Inspection and Assessment Standards for Petroleum Construction Projects Equipment Installation Projects
(Replacing SYJn4028-88)
Quality Inspection and Assessment Standards for Petroleum Construction Projects Long-distance Pipeline Projects
(Replacing SYJn4029--88 )
Quality inspection and assessment standards for petroleum construction projects Electrical engineering (overhead power line engineering)
(Replaces SYJn:4030-88)
Quality inspection and assessment standards for petroleum construction projects Electrical engineering (electrical installation engineering)
(Replaces SYn4030-88)
Quality inspection and assessment standards for petroleum construction projects Automation instrument installation engineering
(Replaces SYn4031--85)
Quality inspection and assessment standards for petroleum construction projects Road engineering (Replaces SYJn4033-88)
Quality inspection and assessment standards for petroleum construction projects Bridge engineering (Replaces SYJn4034-88)
Quality inspection and assessment standards for petroleum construction projects Mining, ventilation, water supply and drainage installation engineering. ·(replacing SYJn1035--B8)
21 SY4037--93
22 SY 4038-93
23SY4053-93
24 SY/T 4068--93
25 SY/T 4069—93
26 SY 407093
27 SY/T 4071-93
Quality inspection and assessment standard for petroleum construction projectsRefinery construction projects
(Replaces SYJ403789)
Quality inspection and assessment standard for petroleum construction projectsGas field construction projects
(Replaces SY4038-92)
Quality inspection and assessment standard for petroleum construction projectsOilfield pipeline projects
(Replaces SY4053-92)
Quality inspection and assessment standard for petroleum construction projectsPrevention and overflow prevention pipe manufacturing
Quality inspection and assessment standard for petroleum construction projectsProduction of oilfield steel containers
Construction and acceptance specifications for petroleum and natural gas pipeline crossing projects
Process specifications for pipeline downdraft protection
The above standards shall come into force on March 1, 1994. China National Petroleum Corporation
September 9, 1993
1.0.1 In order to unify the technical requirements for engineering surveying in the construction of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, and to provide accurate surveying and mapping data for the construction of long-distance pipelines in a timely manner to meet the needs of the development of the petroleum industry, this specification is specially formulated. 1.0.2 This specification applies to the engineering quantities of onshore oil and gas pipelines. The scope of application is shown in Figure 1.0.2-1 and Figure 1.0.2~-2.
Dutian!
Oil and sugar transmission
Reserve
Oil support
Zhongjian station
Heating station
Substation
Manufacturing support
Kerosene plant
Line oil port
Reserve!
It is a household
Figure 1. 0. 2. -1 Applicable scope of this specification for oil pipelines Gas pipelines
Continuation station
Annual branch line
Gas transmission station
Gas distribution station
Terminal station
Gas pipeline
Terminal station
Gas branch
Gas distribution road
Figure 1.0.2-2 Applicable scope of this specification for gas pipelines
1.0.3 In addition to complying with this specification, it shall also comply with the provisions of the current relevant specifications 1.0.3.1 The measurement of supporting projects of long-distance auxiliary oil and gas pipelines, communication lines, power transmission lines, railways, highways, etc. can refer to (Technical regulations for power transmission lines in Liangkong 1, #Technical rules for railway measurement, and regulations for highway route measurement, etc. 1. 03.2 General matters concerning measurement shall be in accordance with the Engineering Surveying Specifications. 1.3.3 The legend shall adopt the 1:50001:1000 topographic map format) 1 + 5001 + 1 0001:2 000 topographic map density format) 1.0.4. The coordinate system of the measurement should adopt the Beijing coordinate system of 1954, and the elevation system should adopt the national elevation datum of 1985 according to the three-degree zone or six-degree zone. 1.0.5. The overall quality management should be strengthened in the mapping work, and a strict quality assurance system should be established. The adopted quality data should be verified for accuracy, and the observer and recorder should check the record data with each other. The record traces should be clean and tidy, and it is strictly forbidden to wipe them. If there is an error, it should be crossed out with a single line, and the correct number should be recorded above it, and the reason should be noted in the corresponding remarks column, but it shall not be changed continuously. The automatic record should check its data, check whether the record is complete, whether there is any error, and paste it into the corresponding record body for preservation.
1.0.6 The measuring instruments and tools must be taken good care of, used carefully, and inspected regularly to ensure that they are always in good condition. Before the measurement begins, the instruments and tools must be checked and corrected, and good records must be kept.
1.0.7 This specification is compiled in reverse order according to conventional measurement methods. When conditions permit, it is advisable to use GPS, aerial shadow measurement or existing satellite images, aerial photographs, etc. to obtain survey data.
2 Survey work in the preliminary design stage
2.01 In order to meet the requirements of the preliminary design, the available scale topographic maps, navigation charts, satellite images, photographs, and triangulation points, traverse points, leveling points, etc. established by the state or relevant departments should be searched and verified. 2.0.2 Participate in the study of line plans. According to the route plan prepared in the task book and the project feasibility report, the line is selected on the topographic map and remote sensing image. After preliminary comparison of various route plans, the survey plan and the problems that need to be investigated and implemented on the site are proposed. 2.0.3 Participate in the on-site survey and check the preliminary proposed route plans according to the line selection principles in the (Oil Pipeline Engineering Design Specifications) and the (Gas Pipeline Engineering Design Specifications). 2.0.4 According to the 1:50000 scale topographic map, the cross-section points of the line are illustrated and the longitudinal section of the line is drawn.
2.0.5 Based on According to the need, actual measurement shall be carried out for important stations, local complex sections, and large-scale crossing (spanning) projects. The technical requirements shall comply with the provisions of Articles 3.1.4, 3.2, and 3.3 of this Code.
2.0.6 The materials submitted in this stage generally include: (1) Schematic diagram of the entire cable route:
(2) Longitudinal section diagram of the entire line;
(3) Topographic map and cross-sectional diagram of large-scale crossing (spanning) (4) Topographic map of station sites and local complex sections. 3
3 Surveying work in the construction drawing design stage
31 Line surveying 3.1.1 General provisions 3.1.1.1 The route selection work shall be carried out in accordance with the current relevant oil and gas extraction design specifications. When determining the transfer point on the spot, the conditions such as the line of sight, distance, station operation and marker stone maintenance shall be taken into account. 3.1.1.2 According to the length of the line, station site, crossing (crossing) point or administrative division, the transfer point poles shall be numbered in sections. The pole number should not exceed four digits, and obvious flags (or signs) shall be set up next to the stakes. 3.1.1.3 The length between transfer points should not be greater than 1km ,3.1.2 Centerline measurement
3.1-2:1 Coordinate measurement
(1) Centerline measurement is mainly carried out by electromagnetic wave ranging conductor. The starting point, end point and turning point of the line with a length not far from 3Dkm should be measured together with the national control point or the control point set up by G and PS receivers. Its technical requirements should comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.2-1.
Main technical requirements for centerline measurement
Azimuth angle difference
Electromagnetic conductor
City distance from true north
± 20 va+5
Note, n-station sensitivity
Coordinate closure error
1/2cc0
Table 3.1.2-1
Electromagnetic wave triangulation
Elevation road closure error
(2) When the center line and the national control point are combined to measure the surrounding difficulties, the tide astronomical azimuth can be measured, and five groups are observed each time. After calculation, the three groups with angle values that differ by no more than ±1' are used, and the average value is taken (3) The following methods are used to measure the azimuth of the Guanwen 1) Sun altitude method
a The solar altitude angle should not be less than 10°:
b The interval time between the positive and negative mirrors should not exceed 2min:c Latitude should be measured on a topographic map with a scale of not less than 1:5000. 2) The error of the time table of the North Star arbitrary time angle method should not be greater than ±108:
b Longitude and latitude should be measured on a topographic map with a scale of not less than 1:1000.
(4) The horizontal angle observation of the centerline turning point adopts the full survey method. The left angle of the line's forward direction is measured. One survey is carried out. The position of the degree plate should be changed between the two half surveys. The tolerance of the angle value should comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.2-2. The angle value with the closest mean value should be taken within the tolerance. The angle value with the closest mean value should be taken. The angle value with the closest mean value should be taken only according to the same standard. 1. 2~ 2
The difference between the angles of the two halves of the measurement ()
(5) When the length of the side between the centerline turning points is measured by electromagnetic distance meter, its main technical requirements shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.2-3. (6) The data measured by the electromagnetic distance meter shall be corrected by meteorology, adding a bonus number, and multiplying a constant before it can be converted into horizontal distance. (7) When the length of the side between the centerline turning points is measured by saw blade and base method, the relative limit error of the side length shall not be less than 1/2000.
（8）When a straight line is set between the turning points, the permissible error of its orientation is 180°±2. When there is no line of sight between two adjacent turning points, they can be connected by a matching line. The observation method and accuracy requirements should comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.2-2, Table 3.1.23, and Table 3.1.2-4. The distance between the two turning points and the horizontal angle of the turning points are calculated accordingly. 3
Observation method
Number of measurement rounds
Main technical requirements of the laser cabinet
The same measurement should be
Read the difference
Note that the standard of one measurement is to reflect the feedback once and read the reading four times. 3.1.2.2 Height measurement
3. 1 2-- 3
Minimum of the following
(1) The height of the centerline turning point shall be measured by electromagnetic wave ranging trigonometric height measurement, which shall be combined with the electromagnetic wave ranging line
National or regional control points can be used as the starting and ending points of the height measurement (2) The vertical angle of the centerline height measurement plate shall be observed in a column, and the difference between the round trip height shall be within the limit, and the average value of the round trip height shall be taken. The height of the instrument reflector shall be taken to mm<3) The main technical requirements for the electromagnetic three-dimensional height measurement shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.2-4.
Main technical requirements for electromagnetic liquid ranging trigonometric height measurement National number
China-Europe three-dimensional method
Note, side length, in km.
3.1.3、Section measurement
Measurement interval (three-wire method is
half interval) calibration
Indicator difference
Table 3.1.2-4
Opposite observation
Height difference
3.1.3.1 Use line-of-sight method or electromagnetic wave ranging to measure the distance and elevation of section points. The maximum length of line-of-sight is 300m, the distance is read to 0.5m, and the vertical angle is read to 0.5'. 3.1.3.2 The selection of section points depends on the on-site conditions, and the principle is to reasonably express the terrain changes. The ditch with a height difference of less than 0.5m can be discarded. The distance between section points in flat areas should not be less than 5cm on the map.
3.1.3.3、When the center line passes through rivers, water walls, scouring structures, roads and pipelines, the section points should be appropriately increased.
3.1.3.4 Various lines, pipelines, buildings, water supports, trenches, vegetation, etc. within 25m on both sides of the center line should be drawn in the plan diagram column. 3.1.3.5 The section record should be abbreviated and the sketch should be drawn. It is advisable to use a computer to draw the section.
The scale of the longitudinal section is generally:
Horizontal 1:2000
Vertical 1:200,
1 + 5 000
1t10 000
3.1.3.6 The measurement of the cross section should be determined according to the terrain, geological conditions and design needs. The scale of the cross section is generally 1:200 or 1:500. 3.1.4 Strip topographic map measurement
3.1,4.1 The line strip topographic map can be made using 1:5 000, 1:110 000, 115000 scale topographic map, but the terrain and landforms with large line changes should be measured, the width of the finished map should not be less than 10cm, the line centerline should be located in the center,
31.4.2 When the existing topographic map can not meet the design needs, the topographic map should be measured, the scale is 1:2000 and 1:5000. The measurement width of the strip topographic map is:
1:2 000 not less than 60m
on both sides of the center line 1 1 5 00 not less than 100m
The survey requirements shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the topographic map of a smaller scale. 3.1.4.3 The topographic map elevation contours, maximum sight distance, spacing between topographic points and location of topographic elevation annotations shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.4-1. 7
R
Height distance (m)
Maximum distance (m)
Topographic point height (m)
Main technical requirements for topographic mapping
60~ 80
Topographic point height note (m))
Table 3. 1. 4. -1
:15 00
3.1.4.4 The measured strip topographic map should follow the principle of "not mapping without seeing" and contour lines should be drawn on site according to the actual topographic points and terrain. After the work of each survey station is completed, the ground objects and landforms should be checked on the spot to see if there are any errors and whether the comprehensive inclusion is appropriate. 3.1.4.5 Requirements for the surveying and mapping of land objects and landforms in strip maps: (1) Pipelines, transmission lines, communication lines, railways, roads, mileposts, rivers, bridges, culverts, independent trees, houses and provincial, municipal and county boundaries within 60m on both sides of the center line should be measured, and houses, residential areas, factory areas, etc. should only be measured on the outer side. (2) Residential areas within 100m on both sides of the center line, factories, mines, roads, various lines, substations, warehouses for flammable and explosive dangerous goods and buildings designated by designers outside 10m should be measured.
(3) The land class boundaries of vegetation should be appropriately selected according to their types, economic value and area size, and the type name should be indicated.
(4) The landforms should be represented by contour lines, and obvious characteristic landforms such as cliffs and rain cracks should be represented by symbols.
The elevation of the mountain top, saddle, ridge, valley bottom, independent rock, pit, steep cliff, etc. should be measured and annotated.
3.1.5 Curve rescuebzxZ.net
3.1.5.1 The connection form of the pipeline at the plane corner should be based on the design requirements. 31.5.2 Before laying the road curve, the following three connection forms should be understood:
(1) The maximum allowable angle of the oblique connection of pipelines of various diameters; (2) The general curvature radius and the minimum curvature radius when the elastic number of pipelines of various diameters is set;
(3) The allowable minimum curvature radius when the pipe is connected. 31.5.3 According to the measured turning angle and the specified curvature radius, the curve element (tangent length, curve length, external arrow distance) should be calculated on site, and the elevation positions of the starting point, end point and midpoint of the curve should be determined. And the curve mileage should be calculated. In areas with large terrain undulations, the curve section should be measured.
3.1.6 Internal calculations
3.1.6.1 When the center line crosses two graduation zones, the adjacent zone coordinates of each turning point within 3km on both sides of the graduation zone boundary should be calculated.
3.1.5.2 Calculate the relative closure error of the coordinates. If it does not reach 1/2000, the sum of the raw mark and increased disk should be converted to the geoid and then converted to the Gauss projection surface. This result can be used to measure whether the accuracy is achieved. The sum of the coordinate increments after two changes is calculated as follows: Ha
ESXsEAX+
.2aX(3.1.6-1)
HZAY(3.1.6-2)
ZAYAY+
Wherein, ZAXs, ZAYs--the sum of the coordinate increments after two changes (m); ZAX, ZAY--the sum of the coordinate increments of the middle line (m); R--the average radius of curvature of the earth, using 6371km; Y--the average distance from the central line (km); H--the average elevation of the Yellow Sea at the two end points of the middle line (km). 3.1.6.3 When the azimuth pre-closure error, coordinate closure error and elevation closure error are within the limit, they can be evenly assigned.
3.1.6.4 The distance of the center line is calculated according to the measured horizontal distance. The mileage is written in the form of 123+756.2, where the number before "+" is an integer in km and the number after is the length in meters. 3.1.6.5 The digital positioning requirements for center line calculation shall comply with the requirements in Table 3.1.6-1.
is the direction of the measured road
and correction number
Transit calculation position requirements
side length measured value
and correction number
height, side length, coordinate
standard increment
Table 3.1.6-1
azimuth period
vertical
3.1. 6. 6 Final or result positioning requirements shall comply with Table 3. 1.6~2. Requirement on the final result
Engineering
Waist horizontal angle
3.1.6.7 The specification of the drawing, see Appendix A
Health
3.2 Measurement of crossing (spanning) engineering
3.21 General provisions
Table 31.6-2
Planting mark
3.2.1.1 Measurement of crossing (spanning) engineering refers to the measurement that requires separate design when the pipeline passes through or crosses rivers, tidal bores, gullies, and deep valleys. 3.2.1.2 According to the "Design Specifications for Crossing and Spanning of Long-distance Crude Oil Pipelines", crossing (spanning) engineering is divided into three categories: large, medium and small. The classification principle should comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.1-1 and Table 3.2.1-2.
Wing-through engineering classification
Engineering grade
Quality annual wet water level water surface width (an1)
Table 32.1-1
Deep dry water level in previous years
Engineering grade
Static combustion engineering classification
Total distance length (addition)
Table 3.2.1-2
Grass road length (n)
>50~≤150| |tt||3.2.1.3 Large and medium-sized crossing (spanning) projects should establish a separate control network. |tt||3.2.1.4 Small-scale crossing (spanning) projects (including rivers, railways, roads, etc.) can use line transfer piles and their measurement results to measure 1-500 scale topographic maps and longitudinal sections (rectilinear: 1100, 1:200, 1:500: horizontal: 1=100, 1:200, 1500). If the general map is used for design and measurement, the above work will not be carried out. 3.2.1.5 The measurement work of the crossing project constructed by track and underwater directional drilling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of this chapter.
3.2.1.6 The establishment of water gauges and the operation of echo sounders shall be carried out in accordance with relevant specifications.
3.2.1.7 The location and elevation of flood sites and geological station exploration points can be measured by ordinary sight distance.
3.2.2 Control Measurement
3.2.2.1 Large-scale crossing (or crossing) projects should use the secondary electromagnetic ranging conductor as the primary control of the survey area. Medium-sized crossing (or crossing) projects should be equipped with a tertiary electromagnetic wave ranging conductor. Fixed piles should be buried at the excavation points and the cross-section columns of the crossing (or crossing), and ensure that there is a main section fixed pile above the flood level line on both sides. 3.2.2.2 Plane Control Measurement
(1) Plane control measurement uses electromagnetic wave ranging conductors, and its main technical requirements should comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.2-1.
Main Technical Requirements for Electromagnetic Wave Measurement and Testing
Core: x-number
Change 3. 2. 2--1
Measurement of the closing error
Relative closing error
1/5000
(2) The main technical requirements for horizontal observation shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.2-2. The main technical requirements for horizontal angle observation
HuaCe National Zeroing Chicken
Only the instrument is full of teaching
Table 3.2.2-2
Measurement Institute of China Commercial Information Accuracy (2) Interaction specification (3) The main technical requirements for electromagnetic wave ranging shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.2-3. Temperature and air pressure data are only measured at the station. 3.2.2-3
Main technical requirements for electromagnetic wave moment
Same as the specified area
Strong release fee
Note! Test-only standard degree.
3.2 .2.3 Elevation control measurement
Previous topic level.
(umni)
Minimum reading
degrees (C pressure iP)
(1) Elevation measurement meters electromagnetic wave ranging trigonometric height, and the line measurement is carried out simultaneously.
(2) Large-scale crossing (spanning) projects should use the fourth-order electromagnetic slope ranging trigonometric height as the primary control of the survey area. Medium-sized crossing (spanning) projects should lay out the fifth-order electromagnetic ranging trigonometric height wire.
(3) Instrument height, reflector height to mm. In plain water network areas, the line of sight should be shortened to make the reflected image clear and stable
(4) The main technical requirements of electromagnetic wave ranging trigonometric height should comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.2-4.
Main technical requirements of electromagnetic wave ranging trigonometric height 3.2.2-4 Measurement
Equipment cable! Fast device
Three-wire delivery
Raising the standard! Vertical gun
Sensitive plastic construction
Transit method
Remove, side length, in km
3.2.3 Topography and longitudinal section measurement
Fan observation
High-rise soft
3.2.3.1 The scope of terrain measurement should include the following (1) Between the judgment rooms on both sides
* (2) Construction site:
(3) Pipeline delivery channel;
Attached or annular
Network closure difference
(4) Underwater terrain within an appropriate range upstream and downstream. However, in the span project, due to the establishment of piers and hydrological calculation zones, underwater terrain is generally not measured. 3.2.32 The circle control is laid out by the polar coordinate method of the electromagnetic distance meter, and the following provisions should be observed:
(1) The horizontal angle is measured in one round using a theodolite not lower than DJ6. The two halves of the survey should be changed. The difference in the obtained angle value should not be greater than 24\; (2) The side length is measured in one round using an electromagnetic wave distance meter. (3) For the trigonometric height of the electromagnetic liquid distance measurement, the vertical angle should be measured in two rounds using the medium wire method of the theodolite not lower than DJ6. The index difference and the vertical angle difference should not be greater than 25". 3.2. 3. 3 Topographic survey
(1) The main technical requirements of topographic mapping should comply with the current requirements in Table 3. 2. 3-113
Scale
14 500
1:2 003
Main technical requirements for shadow mapping
Topographic point spacing
Maximum measuring length (l)
Electromagnetic radiation
Table 3-2.3-1
Contour interval (a)
Calculation line
First line
(2] When mapping a topographic map, a station check must be carried out and the following requirements should be met: 1) The difference between the measured horizontal angle and the horizontal angle on the map should not be greater than 20 2) The difference between the measured elevation of a different station should not be greater than 0.2s (m), 5 is the side length in km
3) The difference between the measured distance to another station and the distance on the map should not be greater than 0.5mtp
(3) When the contour interval is 0.5m, the elevation annotation of the topographic point is taken to be 0. 01em When the contour interval is greater than 0.5m, it shall be taken to 0.1m
(4) In addition to surveying and mapping the topographic maps of both sides according to general requirements, the following contents shall also be surveyed and marked:
1) The direction of the line crossing (crossing) both ends of the border: 2) The position and elevation of the water level
3) Buried pipelines, transmission lines, geological boreholes, waterway facilities and arch water level, etc. 4) Unfavorable geological areas designated by relevant professionals. 3.2.3.4 Underwater topographic survey
(1) The main technical requirements for underwater topographic surveying shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.3~2.
Ratio scale
1: 500
1:2 00
Main technical requirements for underwater topographic mapping
Interval between intervals
Point spacing
Table 32.3-2
Calculation curve
(2) The setting of the water gauge should be able to reflect the instantaneous changes in the water surface in the survey area. It is advisable to set it at 1/4 of one bank and 3/4 of the other bank in the survey area. The zero point elevation of the water gauge or the water surface elevation should be measured by electromagnetic wave ranging and trigonometric height measurement. The determination of water surface height should meet the following requirements: 1) Observe the water gauge once before work starts in the morning and afternoon, and once after work. When the water level changes greatly, it should be adjusted accordingly. When the number of current measurements is increased;
2) After the water surface heights of both sides are obtained, they should be checked against each other and confirmed to be correct before work can begin.
(3) Depth sounding tools can include depth sounders, depth support, depth hammers, etc. (4) When using depth sounders, the following regulations should be observed: 1) The difference between the working voltage and the rated voltage shall not exceed 5%, and the actual mark transfer shall not exceed the specified 1%
2) The transducer should be installed at 1/3~1/2 of the length of the ship, and the depth of man-in-water should not be less than o3mz
3) Comparative measurements should be carried out every day, and the relative difference should not be greater than 0.2m. (5) The location of the sounding point can be determined by the intersection method, the pole equal mark method, the cross-section cable method, etc. (6) When the intersection method is used for positioning, the station should meet the following requirements: 1) Both the grade point and the basic point can be used as the intersection station; 2) The line connecting the corresponding stations on both sides should be perpendicular to the flow direction, and the distance between the station and the waterside should be greater than 50mj
3) The distance between two stations on the same bank should be greater than 1/2 of the water width of the river comb; 4) The height of the station should be equal to the target height on the survey ship; 5) When the survey age is close to 1/8 of the water width of the line connecting the stations on the other bank, it is advisable to stop at the intersection; 152m. (5) The location of the sounding point can be determined by the intersection method, the pole equal mark method, the cross-section cable method, etc. (6) When the intersection method is used for positioning, the station should meet the following requirements: 1) Both the grade point and the basic point can be used as the intersection station: 2) The line connecting the corresponding stations on both sides should be perpendicular to the flow direction, and the distance between the station and the waterside should be greater than 50mj
3) The distance between two stations on the same bank should be greater than 1/2 of the water width of the river comb 4) The height of the station should be equal to the target height on the survey ship; 5) When the survey age is close to 1/8 of the water width of the line connecting the stations on the other bank, it is advisable to stop at the intersection; 152m. (5) The location of the sounding point can be determined by the intersection method, the pole equal mark method, the cross-section cable method, etc. (6) When the intersection method is used for positioning, the station should meet the following requirements: 1) Both the grade point and the basic point can be used as the intersection station: 2) The line connecting the corresponding stations on both sides should be perpendicular to the flow direction, and the distance between the station and the waterside should be greater than 50mj
3) The distance between two stations on the same bank should be greater than 1/2 of the water width of the river comb 4) The height of the station should be equal to the target height on the survey ship; 5) When the survey age is close to 1/8 of the water width of the line connecting the stations on the other bank, it is advisable to stop at the intersection; 15
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