Some standard content:
ICS07.040
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T35636—2017
Specification for surveying and mapping of urban underground space Issued on 2017-12-29
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
2018-07-01 Implementation
Normative references
Terms and definitions
General requirements
Spatial-temporal benchmark
Accuracy indicators
Surveying and mapping objects and contents
Metadata
Project implementation
5 Control measurement
5.1 General provisions
5. 2 Ground control survey
5.3 Contact survey
5.4 Underground control survey
6 Current situation survey
6.1 General provisions
6.2 Data collection
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6.3 Compilation of working base map and preparation of attribute information survey form6.4 On-site survey
Collation of survey results
Current situation surveying
7.1 General provisions
72 Surveying of underground buildings||t t||Surveying and mapping of underground transportation facilities
Surveying and mapping of integrated pipe gallery
Surveying and mapping of underground pipelines
3D modeling
General provisions
Data content and requirements
Underground building model
Underground transportation facility model
Integrated pipe gallery model
Underground pipeline model
9Data management
General provisions
GB/T35636—2017
GB/T35636—2017
9.2 Underground Spatial database
Ground comprehensive database
Management software·
Operation environment
10 Quality control
10.1 General provisions
Quality inspection of results
System test evaluation
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Appendix A (informative appendix) Basic attributes of underground space References
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This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Geographic Information Standardization (SAC/TC230). GB/T35636—2017
Drafting units of this standard: Construction Comprehensive Survey Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin Survey Institute, Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey and Design Institute, Chongqing Survey Institute, Kunming Urban Underground Pipeline Planning Management Office, Changzhou Surveying and Mapping Institute, Ningbo Surveying and Mapping Design Institute, Shenzhen Construction Comprehensive Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Zengcheng Urban and Rural Planning Surveying and Mapping Institute, Shanghai Surveying and Mapping Institute, Beijing Surveying and Mapping Design Institute, AVIC Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing Surveying and Mapping Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao Survey and Mapping Institute, Shenzhen Municipal Design Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan Surveying and Mapping Institute, Beijing New Technology Application Institute, Chongqing Smart City Development Co., Ltd., Foshan Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information Research Institute, Beijing Huatai Tianyu Technology Co., Ltd., and Luculent Smart Technology Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Dan, Jiang Yifang, Qiu Guangxin, Wang Mingquan, Hou Zhiqun, Zhang Yunqing, Liao Jia, Geng Dan, Wang Shuanglong, Liu Feng, Yu Meiyi, Jia Guangjun, Li Weigong, Liu Wenwu, Wang Shudong, Li Zhigang, Chen Hong, Wang Xiang, Liu Kehui, Jiang Zhouyong, Wang Lijiang, Zheng Yong, Wei Xiaoqing, Zhang Zhihua, Yang Yongxing, Song Jun, Wang Zhen, Li Hua. 1 Scope
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Specification for urban underground space surveying and mapping
GB/T35636—2017
This standard specifies the overall requirements for urban underground space surveying and mapping and the basic requirements for control measurement, current situation investigation, current situation surveying and mapping, three-dimensional modeling, data management and quality control.
This standard applies to the technical design, operation implementation and quality management of urban underground space surveying and mapping. 2 Normative reference documents
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For any dated referenced document, only the dated version applies to this document. For any undated referenced document, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T19710 Geographic Information Metadata
GB/T20257.1 National Basic Scale Map Diagram Part 1: 1*5001:10001:2000 Topographic Map DiagramGB/T21740 Basic Geographic Information City Database Construction SpecificationGB/T24356 Surveying and Mapping Results Quality Inspection and AcceptanceGB/T28590 Classification and Code of Urban Underground Space FacilitiesGB50026 Engineering Surveying Specification
CJJ/T8 Urban Surveying Specification
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
undergroundspace
Underground space
Space developed, constructed and utilized below the surface to meet the needs of production and life. 3.2
Underground buildingunderground buildingand structureUnderground space buildings, structures and their ancillary facilities except underground traffic facilities, integrated pipe gallery and underground pipelines. 3.3
Eunderground traffic facilityUnderground traffic facilities
Facilities built underground for pedestrians, vehicles or parking. 3.4
3Utility tunnel
Integrated pipe gallery
Specialized tunnel built underground for laying two or more types of urban engineering pipelines and its ancillary facilities, which can be divided into trunk integrated pipe gallery, branch integrated pipe gallery and cable pipe gallery.
underground pipeline
Underground pipeline
Water supply, drainage, gas, heat, electricity, communication, industrial and other pipelines laid underground and their ancillary facilities. 1
GB/T35636—2017
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synthesizedmap
A map that expresses underground space elements and their corresponding ground terrain elements at the same time, composed of an underground space plane map and a ground terrain map.
Three-dimensional model ofunderground spaceThree-dimensional model ofunderground spaceThe three-dimensional expression of surveying and mapping objects such as underground buildings, underground transportation facilities, integrated pipe corridors, and underground pipelines, reflecting the spatial position, geometric form, texture, and attribute information of the objects.
4General requirements
4.1Spatiotemporal benchmark
4.1.1The plane coordinate system and elevation benchmark of underground space surveying and mapping shall be consistent with the plane coordinate system and elevation benchmark of the basic surveying and mapping of the city.
4.1.2The date of underground space surveying and mapping shall be in the Gregorian calendar, and the time shall be in Beijing time. 4.2 Accuracy index
The underground space surveying and mapping adopts the mean error as the technical index of accuracy, and takes 2 times the mean error as the limit error. 4.3 Surveying and mapping objects and contentsWww.bzxZ.net
4.3.1 The underground space surveying and mapping shall provide guarantee and service for the development and utilization of underground space, and the surveying and mapping objects shall be underground buildings, underground transportation facilities, integrated pipe corridors, underground pipelines, etc.
4.3.2 The work contents of underground space surveying and mapping include control measurement, current situation investigation, current situation surveying and mapping, three-dimensional modeling, data management and quality control, etc.
4.4 Metadata
4.4.1 Metadata shall be used to describe the underground space surveying and mapping results, and provide support for the acquisition, update, management, exchange, sharing and service of surveying and mapping results. Metadata shall be established and updated synchronously with the results it describes. 4.4.2 The metadata of underground space surveying and mapping results may be composed of a series of metadata elements describing information such as data identification, data restriction, data quality, data maintenance, data reference system, data content and data distribution. Metadata shall comply with the provisions of GB/T19710. 4.5 Project Implementation
4.5.1 For underground space mapping projects, relevant information should be collected, on-site surveys should be conducted, and technical designs should be prepared according to the requirements of the project entrusting party. The technical design includes the following main contents:
a) Task source and requirements;
b) Overview of the underground space to be measured, including the natural geographical overview, basic conditions, location, engineering stage and on-site operation conditions of the area where the underground space is located;
existing data and its analysis;
d) Name and number of the technical standard based on;
e) Work content and requirements;
f) The operation methods, instruments and equipment used and their calibration requirements; The content, form and submission time requirements of the results;
work organization, planning, quality assurance and safety precautions;
i) Results quality inspection methods;
Attached drawings and tables, etc.
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GB/T35636—2017
4.5.2After the underground space mapping project is completed, the results data should be sorted out and the project technical summary should be written according to the relevant technical standards and the requirements of the project entrusting party. The technical summary includes the following main contents: a) Project overview;
b) Operation basis;
The use of existing data;
Operation process, technical methods and instruments and equipment used; d)
Result type, form and quantity;
Result quality inspection;
Problems to be explained and treatment measures;
h) Conclusion and suggestions:
Attachments and tables, etc.
Underground space mapping operations and their results should be managed in accordance with the provisions of relevant confidentiality laws, regulations and standards. 4.5.3
5 Control measurement
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 The control measurement of underground space mapping can be divided into ground control measurement, connection measurement and underground control measurement. 5.1.2 Before the control measurement operation, a survey should be conducted, and the existing topographic maps, design drawings and control point results of the survey area should be collected to understand the ground and underground connection channels and their locations as well as the overall distribution of the underground space. 5.1.3 The accuracy level of the control measurement should be selected according to the purpose of the underground space measurement and the scale of the underground space project. 5.1.4 The main results of the control measurement should include the record and distribution map of the control points, the coordinate and elevation results table, the technical summary, etc. 5.2 Ground control measurement
5.2.1 The ground control points should be arranged near the ground exit of the underground space or other ground and underground connections. The number of plane control points should not be less than 3, and each control point should have a line of sight with at least one other control point; the number of elevation control points should not be less than 2. When existing ground control points can meet the needs of underground space measurement, they can be used directly. 5.2.2 The plane error of the ground plane control point relative to the adjacent high-level control point should not be greater than 50mm. The elevation error of the ground elevation control point relative to the adjacent high-level control point should not be greater than 20mm. 5.2.3 The plane coordinates and elevation of the ground control point can be determined by plane control measurement and elevation control measurement respectively. The main technical requirements of ground control measurement should comply with the provisions of CJJ/T8. 5.3 Linking measurement
5.3.1 Basic requirements
5.3.1.1 When it is necessary to establish a connection between the underground space measurement results and the ground measurement results and to keep the plane coordinate system and elevation benchmark of the ground and underground consistent, a linking measurement should be carried out. 5.3.1.2 Linking measurement can be divided into plane linking measurement for transferring coordinates and azimuths to the underground and elevation linking measurement for transferring elevation to the underground. The appropriate method can be selected for linking measurement according to the on-site working conditions. 5.3.1.3 For large-scale and high-precision underground space mapping projects, two methods should be used for plane and elevation transfer, either double-well connection measurement or single-well connection measurement and inclined well direct transfer, to improve the accuracy and reliability of the results. 3
GB/T35636—2017
5.3.2 Plane connection measurement
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5.3.2.1 When connection measurement can be carried out through stairs, driveways or inclined channels, it is advisable to use wire measurement for direct transfer. When it is necessary to use vertical connection measurement, connection triangle measurement, point-casting directional measurement or gyrotheodolite and plumb line combined measurement can be used. 5.3.2.2 The direct transmission of coordinates and orientation using the total station traverse measurement shall comply with the following provisions: a) The ground and underground are laid out as one traverse and the overall adjustment is carried out; the measuring stations of the ground and underground connecting sections shall observe the left and right angles; b) The azimuth values of the underground directional side shall be measured twice independently, and the mutual difference shall not exceed 30\; c) When the vertical angle is greater than 30°, a total station with dual-axis compensation shall be used, and the vertical axis tilt correction shall be carried out when there is no dual-axis compensation; d) The placement of the instrument and the beautiful card should adopt the forced centering or triple tripod method; e) The deviation of the instrument and the bubble of the gauge card should be checked between the measurement rounds, and re-leveled if necessary; f) The length of the traverse side should be observed back and forth.
5.3.2.3 Before the connection triangle measurement operation, the transfer points shall be set up on the ground and underground respectively. The ground transfer point shall be located near the ground exit of the underground space, and there shall be more than two directions of sight. The underground transfer point is the starting point for underground control measurement. In the same shaft, two steel wires can be hung to form a connecting triangle. When the accuracy requirement is high, three steel wires should be hung to form a double connecting triangle. The measurement of connecting triangles should comply with the following regulations:
a) The diameter of the steel wire should be 0.3mm, and a 10kg weight should be hung. The weight should be immersed in the damping fluid; b) When arranging the connecting triangles above and below the well, the distance between the hanging steel wires in the shaft should be as long as possible, and the connecting triangle should be as straight as possible;
At least two independent measurements should be carried out. When the difference between the two measured azimuths is not more than 30" and the coordinate difference in any direction is not more than 50mm, the average value should be taken as the measurement result; d) The measurement of the side length of the connecting triangle can be measured with a total station or a calibrated steel ruler. Each Two independent measurements should be made each time, with four readings in each measurement. The difference between each reading in a measurement should be less than 1mm. The difference between the spacing between the steel wires measured above and below the ground should be less than 1mm. When measuring with a steel ruler, the tension used during the ruler calibration should be applied, and corrections for inclination, temperature, and ruler length should be made: e) Angle observation should be made using a total station with a directional observation accuracy of not less than level 2\, and 4 measurements should be made. 5.3.2.4 Directional measurement of projected points can be carried out by setting up a plumb line on an existing construction shaft platform or a ground borehole to project points underground. Directional measurement of projected points should comply with the following regulations:
The accuracy of the plumb line used should not be less than 1/40000 ; a)
b) At least two points should be projected downwards, the points should be visible to each other, and the distance between them should be no less than 60m; the projection should be carried out twice independently, and the center point of the two projected points should be taken as the final result. Each time the plumb line should be strictly leveled and centered, and three points should be projected at the three positions of 0°, 120° and 240° respectively, and the geometric center of the three points should be taken as the projection center. 5.3.2.5 The single-point directional measurement using a combination of a gyrotheodolite and a plumb line should comply with the following provisions: The nominal orientation accuracy of the gyrotheodolite used should not be less than 15, and the accuracy of the plumb line should not be less than 1/40000 ; a
The underground positioning point shall be measured by plumb bob, and the operation requirements shall comply with the relevant provisions of 5.3.2.4; b)
The azimuth of the underground directional gyro shall be measured three times independently, with three rounds of measurement each time. The mutual difference of the gyro azimuth between the rounds shall not be greater than 20\, and the mean error of the gyro azimuth of the three measurements shall not be greater than 12″. 5.3.3 Elevation connection measurement
5.3.3.1 When the elevation can be transmitted through channels such as stairs, driveways or inclined shafts, trigonometric height measurement or leveling method should be adopted; when the elevation needs to be transmitted through a shaft, the hanging steel ruler method can be adopted. When the trigonometric height measurement method is adopted, it can be carried out simultaneously with the direct transmission operation of the wire measurement.
5.3.3.2 When the trigonometric height measurement or leveling method is adopted for elevation connection measurement, the trigonometric height measurement or leveling operation shall be implemented according to the level of underground elevation control measurement. 4
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5.3.3.3 When the elevation is transferred through the vertical shaft by the hanging steel ruler method, the following provisions shall be met: There shall be no less than 2 underground transfer points as the starting points for underground elevation control measurement: a) A weight of the same mass as that used when the steel ruler was calibrated shall be hung on the steel ruler; b) The two levels installed on the ground and underground shall read the data at the same time; c) Three independent measurements shall be made according to GB/T35636—2017. The instrument height shall be changed between measurements. The height difference between the ground and underground level points measured in each measurement shall be less than 3mm, and the median shall be taken as the height difference value; Temperature and ruler length corrections shall be made for the measured elevation difference; when the well depth exceeds 50m, the steel ruler deadweight tension correction shall also be made. e)
5.4 Underground control measurement
5.4.1 Basic requirements
5.4.1.1 Underground control measurement includes plane control measurement and elevation control measurement, and its accuracy level should be selected according to the task requirements of underground space measurement.
5.4.1.2 The coordinates, orientation and elevation transmitted to the underground through the connection measurement should be used as the starting data for underground control measurement. 5.4.1.3 The markings and burial of underground plane control points and elevation control points should be determined according to the underground space and engineering conditions. The markings should be buried firmly and easy to use and preserve.
5.4.2 Underground plane control measurement
5.4.2.1 Underground plane control measurement should be carried out by traverse measurement method, and its accuracy level can be divided into primary, secondary, tertiary and topographic level. The main technical and observation requirements of primary, secondary and tertiary underground traverse measurement are the same as those of ground control measurement of the same level. The technical requirements of topographic traverse measurement should comply with the provisions of GB50026.
5.4.2.2 Underground conductors can be laid out according to the layout and scope of underground space. Underground conductors can be attached to ground conductors. Underground conductors can be attached once at the same level. When underground conductors cannot be laid out with attached conductors, branch conductors can be laid out. When laying branch conductors, the left and right angles should be measured, and the side lengths should be observed back and forth.
5.4.2.3 When the underground space is large and well connected, conductors can be laid out in sections. When the underground conductors are laid out with a complex network or too long, a node network should be formed for adjustment calculation. 5.4.2.4 If there are entrances and exits in the underground space, the conductors should be laid out through the entrances and exits, and the directional measurement of underground conductors can also be carried out by connecting measurement.
5.4.2.5 In underground conductor measurement, the side length of the conductor can be appropriately shortened, but the number of conductor sides should not exceed 12. If it exceeds, the angle measurement accuracy should be increased by one level, and the accuracy index of the results should meet the requirements of the corresponding level. The ratio of the adjacent side lengths of the conductors should not exceed 1:3. When the underground conductor or branch conductor is too long, it is advisable to use a gyrotheodolite to measure the azimuth in the middle of the conductor or at 2/3 of the branch conductor. 5.4.3 Underground height control measurement
5.4.3.1 Underground height control measurement can be carried out by leveling or trigonometric height measurement. 5.4.3.2 The accuracy levels of underground height control measurement are divided into third-class, fourth-class and topographic level. The technical requirements of third-class, fourth-class leveling and fourth-class trigonometric height measurement shall comply with the provisions of CJ/T8. 5.4.3.3 Topographic leveling can be laid out into a contiguous route or closed loop using conductor points. The route should start and end at a point of elevation not lower than the fourth class. The length of the contiguous route or closed loop should not be greater than 5km. The elevation closure error of the contiguous route or loop should not exceed 40/Lmm (L is the route length, in km). When conditions are difficult, a topographic leveling branch line can be laid out. The length of the topographic branch line shall not be greater than 2.5km, and round-trip observations should be made. The operation requirements of the topographic level leveling shall comply with the provisions of GB50026. 5.4.3.4 The total station can be used for the topographic level trigonometric height measurement. The route should start and end at an elevation point not lower than the fourth level, and the number of sides should not exceed 12. The elevation closure error of the attached route or loop line should not exceed 40VLD丁mm (D is the length of the distance measurement side, in km). The operation requirements of the topographic level trigonometric height measurement shall comply with the provisions of GB50026. 5
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6 Current situation survey
6.1 General provisions
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6.1.1 The current situation survey of underground space can be divided into comprehensive survey and special survey. In the comprehensive survey, a systematic and comprehensive survey of various underground space conditions should be conducted; in the special survey, a certain type of underground space condition should be investigated as needed. The survey content should include the location information and attribute information of the underground space.
6.1.2 The current situation survey should include the following work: a) data collection;
b) preparation of working base map and attribute information survey form; c) on-site investigation:
d) collation of survey results, etc.
6.1.3 The content and expression of the current situation survey results should meet the requirements of the project technical design and comply with the relevant regulations on the construction of underground space database and information management system.
6.1.4 When encountering hidden underground space during the investigation and it is necessary to explore it, it should be explored by combining field investigation and geophysical exploration on the basis of fully collecting existing data. 6.2 Data collection
6.2.1 Before the current situation survey, various existing data on underground space should be collected and classified to prepare for the preparation of the survey working base map and attribute information survey form.
6.2.2 The following information should be collected in the survey area: existing control results and topographic map data; a)
various planning results for the development, utilization and management of underground space; b)
underground space engineering archives, including design drawings (including general plan and plan), cross-section drawings, construction drawings, etc., and corresponding technical description materials:
completion drawings of underground space projects, completion measurement results and technical descriptions; d)
data related to underground space in existing databases such as underground pipeline library, urban management component library, and civil air defense information library; e)
various existing geophysical method test data, detection error statistics and excavation verification data, etc. 6.2.3 The collection of underground pipeline data should be carried out in accordance with relevant standards for underground pipeline measurement. 6.3 Compilation of working base map and preparation of attribute information survey form 6.3.1 On the basis of classifying and organizing the collected data, the working base map of the current situation survey of underground space should be compiled according to the technical design, and an attribute information survey form should be prepared.
6.3.2 The compilation of working base map should comply with the following provisions a) The scale of the topographic map used should be 1:5001:2000; b) The spatial location and accessories of the underground space and its facilities should be marked on the topographic map; c) The underground space should be highlighted on the map by means of color, etc. 6.3.3 The attribute items in the attribute information survey form mainly include facility type, classification code, main purpose, construction unit, ownership unit, building structure, building form, building material, completion time, remarks, etc. See Appendix A for the basic attribute items of underground space. 6.4 On-site investigation
6.4.1 The mapping of underground space location information should include the following contents: a) Verify the collected data, evaluate the reliability, availability and degree of change of the data; b) Determine the location of the underground space entrance and exit, the location of the shaft and the distribution and direction of the underground passage; c) For underground spaces with complex structures, real-life image data should be collected in the form of photos or videos; d) Verify the location and preservation of the measurement control points in the survey area; e) Understand the ground objects, landforms, transportation, surrounding environment and other conditions in the survey area. GB/T35636—2017
6.4.2 When mapping the location information, the location and relevant information of the underground space should be marked on the working base map to form a mapping map of the current status of the underground space, which provides a reference for the investigation and mapping of the property information of the underground space. 6.4.3 The investigation of the property information of the underground space should determine the type, distribution, ownership, utilization and status of the underground space. 6.4.4 Before the property information survey, the collected data should be collated and analyzed to determine the property items that need to be supplemented through on-site investigation, and an implementation plan for the property information survey should be formulated.
6.4.5 During the property information survey, the property information of underground space should be collected through multiple channels, such as by contacting relevant competent departments, ownership units, property companies, streets or community committees. The property information survey form should be filled out completely and clearly on site. 6.5 Collation of survey results
6.5.1 After the on-site investigation is completed, data should be collated and statistically summarized to prepare an underground space distribution map. Data collation and statistical summary should include the following contents: 6.5.2
Classify and summarize the underground space according to its location, purpose, building form and other property items; a)
b) Compare and analyze the results of the current status survey to determine the number and area of underground space that need to be surveyed and mapped in the field, and provide reference for the current status survey and mapping of underground space.
6.5.3 The preparation of underground space distribution map shall comply with the following provisions: a) Use a topographic map or image map with strong currentness as the background, and adjust the color of the background map to ensure that the color of the underground space layer is highlighted: b) It should include the location of the underground space and entrances and exits and the relative relationship with the surrounding buildings, note the number of floors and floor heights of the underground space, and mark the underground space classification code; b) It should be redrawn according to the collected completion drawings and completion measurement results. When there are no completion drawings and completion measurement results, it can be drawn according to the construction drawings and related data according to the relationship between the underground space and the adjacent buildings and obvious ground objects; when the data format, coordinate system, etc. of the collected data are inconsistent or do not meet the requirements, the data format and coordinate conversion should be performed; d) It should be stored in the commonly used computer-aided design (CAD) or geographic information system (GIS) data format. e)
6.5.4 The results of underground space survey should mainly include various survey data, statistical summary tables, underground space distribution maps and technical summaries.
7 Current situation survey
7.1 General provisions
7.1.1 Current situation survey of underground space can be carried out during the construction of underground space, current situation survey or other time points. In addition to obtaining results, the survey at the completion should also be tested to see whether it complies with the provisions of the planning approval documents. When the completion survey has obtained relevant results, current situation survey or other time point survey, it can be verified, revised and supplemented based on these results to obtain current situation data. 7.1.2 Current situation survey should determine the coordinates and elevations of characteristic points and lines of various underground spaces, and survey and map planes, comprehensive maps and cross-sections. A three-dimensional model of underground space can be established as needed. The graphical expression of underground space should comply with the provisions of GB/T20257.1, and new graphical symbols can be added according to the rules determined by it when necessary. 7.1.3 The plane position of the characteristic points can be determined by the total station polar coordinate method or intersection method. When the on-site space is small or the operation is difficult, special measuring tools or geometric drawing methods can be used for measurement. For characteristic points that exist in the existing data but cannot be measured on the spot, the data can be used to supplement and clearly mark them in the results. The elevation of the characteristic points can be determined by leveling or total station trigonometric height measurement.
GB/T35636—2017
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7.1.4 In the case that the outer contour points cannot be surveyed, the coordinates of the outer contour points can be determined by extrapolation based on the measured inner corner point coordinates. When extrapolating, the wall thickness can be obtained using measured data or as-built drawing data. The wall thickness should be measured and verified at the visible places of the outer wall thickness of the underground space, such as the entrance and ventilation holes.
7.1.5 Characteristic lines can be measured by measuring their starting points, end points, turning points, break points, intersections and other characteristic points. When a linear target turns or becomes curved, the characteristic points should be measured densely based on the principle of representing its true form. 7.1.6 Plans can be drawn based on the results of characteristic point and line measurements, or compiled using collected data that meets the requirements. For multi-layer underground spaces, layered plan maps should be surveyed and mapped.
7.1.7 Comprehensive maps can be generated by superimposing underground space plan maps and ground topographic maps. The scale of plan maps and comprehensive maps is generally 1:500 to 1:2000; for locally complex corridors, equipment rooms, etc., a scale of 1:200 or larger can be used. 7.1.8 Longitudinal and cross-sectional maps can be surveyed and mapped using total stations, profilers or three-dimensional laser scanning. The scale of the longitudinal section view is generally 1:500~1:2000 in the horizontal direction and 1:50~1:200 in the vertical direction; the scale of the cross-section view is generally 150~1:200 in the horizontal and vertical directions.
7.2 Surveying and Mapping of Underground Buildings
7.2.1 The elevation of the base plate, floor height, clearance height, and three-dimensional coordinates of detail points of underground buildings shall be measured and shall comply with the following provisions: a) The main facilities such as vents, entrances, exits, and passages shall be measured and annotated with the coordinates of each characteristic point of the geometric section and the elevation of the top and bottom plates. The coordinates and elevations of the characteristic points shall be measured at the turning or changing points of the passage; the auxiliary facilities of underground buildings shall be measured and annotated with the coordinates and elevation values of each characteristic point of the geometric section; b)
The geometric dimensions of concealed projects such as underground walls, retaining walls, pile foundations, slab foundations, strip foundations, box foundations, and column extension foundations can be obtained by collecting relevant data such as design and construction; the wall thickness can be determined by the coordinate difference of the characteristic points of the inner and outer walls of the building, and compared and verified with the wall thickness of the construction drawing. d)
When there is no method to determine, it can be processed according to the design value of the construction drawing and explained in the results. 7.2.2 The plan of underground buildings should indicate the following contents: a) Building plan layout, including the main outline of the building, the outline of the building's basement and internal demarcation lines, the building's ancillary facilities, the building's supporting facilities, etc.: b) Construction site and surrounding location information, including the location of the roadway entrance, the location of various pipeline inlets and outlets, the road's starting and ending points, intersections, turning points, and the location of surrounding related buildings; elevation information, including the indoor floor, outdoor floor, and basement entrance elevation, the elevation of the roadway entrance and exit, the elevation of supporting pipeline inlets and outlets, the road's starting and ending points, intersections, and turning points; d) Annotation information, including the building name and function, the coordinates of the building's characteristic points, the number of structural layers, the main height, the relative dimensions of the building and the surrounding buildings, the road name, etc. 7.2.3 When the building area needs to be measured at the completion of the project, it should comply with the provisions of the current national real estate measurement specifications. 7.2.4 The results of underground building surveying and mapping mainly include the characteristic point results table, plan (including layered plan), and comprehensive map. 7.3 Surveying and Mapping of Underground Transportation Facilities
7.3.1 Underground transportation facilities should be surveyed and mapped and the following contents should be expressed through plan drawings: a) Road location information, including carriageways, auxiliary roads, isolation belts, sidewalks, auxiliary traffic signs, underground pipeline inspection wells, tunnels and auxiliary facilities, culverts and auxiliary facilities, etc.;
b) Feature line information, including the center line of roads, tunnels and other transportation facilities, etc.; Annotation information, including road name, design coordinates and measured coordinates of important feature points such as the road starting point, end point, turning point, curve element point, intersection point, etc., elevation of the corresponding point of the longitudinal section, road pavement material, tunnel name, tunnel (culvert) bottom elevation, clearance height or radial height, length, bottom width, coordinate values of the tunnel (culvert) entrance and exit, etc. 7.3.2 The road longitudinal section drawing should survey and express the elevation of the measured pavement center line and relevant annotation information. 84 In the case where the outer contour points cannot be surveyed, the coordinates of the outer contour points can be determined by extrapolation based on the measured inner corner point coordinates. When extrapolating, the wall thickness can be obtained using measured data or as-built drawing data. The wall thickness should be measured and verified at the places where the thickness of the outer wall of the underground space is visible, such as at the entrance and ventilation opening.
7.1.5 The characteristic line can be measured by measuring its starting point, end point, turning point, inflection point, intersection point and other characteristic points. When a linear target turns or is curved, the characteristic points should be measured more densely based on the principle of being able to represent its true form. 7.1.6 The plan can be drawn based on the measurement results of characteristic points and lines, or compiled using collected data that meets the requirements. For multi-layer underground spaces, a layered plan should be surveyed and mapped.
7.1.7 The comprehensive map can be generated by superimposing the underground space plan and the ground topographic map. The scale of the plan and comprehensive drawing is generally 1:500 to 1:2000; for complex corridors and equipment rooms, the scale of 1:200 or larger can be used. 7.1.8 The longitudinal and cross-sectional drawings can be surveyed and mapped by total station, cross-sectional instrument or 3D laser scanning. The scale of the longitudinal section drawing is generally 1:500 to 1:2000 in the horizontal direction and 1:50 to 1:200 in the vertical direction; the scale of the cross-sectional drawing is generally 150 to 1:200 in the horizontal and vertical directions.
7.2 Surveying and Mapping of Underground Buildings
7.2.1 The elevation of the base plate, floor height, clearance height, and three-dimensional coordinates of detail points of underground buildings shall be measured and shall comply with the following provisions: a) The main facilities such as vents, entrances, exits, and passages shall be measured and annotated with the coordinates of each characteristic point of the geometric section and the elevation of the top and bottom plates. The coordinates and elevations of the characteristic points shall be measured at the turning or changing points of the passage; the auxiliary facilities of underground buildings shall be measured and annotated with the coordinates and elevation values of each characteristic point of the geometric section; b)
The geometric dimensions of concealed projects such as underground walls, retaining walls, pile foundations, slab foundations, strip foundations, box foundations, and column extension foundations can be obtained by collecting relevant data such as design and construction; the wall thickness can be determined by the coordinate difference of the characteristic points of the inner and outer walls of the building, and compared and verified with the wall thickness of the construction drawing. d)
When there is no method to determine, it can be processed according to the design value of the construction drawing and explained in the results. 7.2.2 The plan of underground buildings should indicate the following contents: a) Building plan layout, including the main outline of the building, the outline of the building's basement and internal demarcation lines, the building's ancillary facilities, the building's supporting facilities, etc.: b) Construction site and surrounding location information, including the location of the roadway entrance, the location of various pipeline inlets and outlets, the road's starting and ending points, intersections, turning points, and the location of surrounding related buildings; elevation information, including the indoor floor, outdoor floor, and basement entrance elevation, the elevation of the roadway entrance and exit, the elevation of supporting pipeline inlets and outlets, the road's starting and ending points, intersections, and turning points; d) Annotation information, including the building name and function, the coordinates of the building's characteristic points, the number of structural layers, the main height, the relative dimensions of the building and the surrounding buildings, the road name, etc. 7.2.3 When the building area needs to be measured at the completion of the project, it should comply with the provisions of the current national real estate measurement specifications. 7.2.4 The results of underground building surveying and mapping mainly include the characteristic point results table, plan (including layered plan), and comprehensive map. 7.3 Surveying and Mapping of Underground Transportation Facilities
7.3.1 Underground transportation facilities should be surveyed and mapped and the following contents should be expressed through plan drawings: a) Road location information, including carriageways, auxiliary roads, isolation belts, sidewalks, auxiliary traffic signs, underground pipeline inspection wells, tunnels and auxiliary facilities, culverts and auxiliary facilities, etc.;
b) Feature line information, including the center line of roads, tunnels and other transportation facilities, etc.; Annotation information, including road name, design coordinates and measured coordinates of important feature points such as the road starting point, end point, turning point, curve element point, intersection point, etc., elevation of the corresponding point of the longitudinal section, road pavement material, tunnel name, tunnel (culvert) bottom elevation, clearance height or radial height, length, bottom width, coordinate values of the tunnel (culvert) entrance and exit, etc. 7.3.2 The road longitudinal section drawing should survey and express the elevation of the measured pavement center line and relevant annotation information. 84 In the case where the outer contour points cannot be surveyed, the coordinates of the outer contour points can be determined by extrapolation based on the measured inner corner point coordinates. When extrapolating, the wall thickness can be obtained using measured data or as-built drawing data. The wall thickness should be measured and verified at the places where the thickness of the outer wall of the underground space is visible, such as at the entrance and ventilation opening.
7.1.5 The characteristic line can be measured by measuring its starting point, end point, turning point, inflection point, intersection point and other characteristic points. When a linear target turns or is curved, the characteristic points should be measured more densely based on the principle of being able to represent its true form. 7.1.6 The plan can be drawn based on the measurement results of characteristic points and lines, or compiled using collected data that meets the requirements. For multi-layer underground spaces, a layered plan should be surveyed and mapped.
7.1.7 The comprehensive map can be generated by superimposing the underground space plan and the ground topographic map. The scale of the plan and comprehensive drawing is generally 1:500 to 1:2000; for complex corridors and equipment rooms, the scale of 1:200 or larger can be used. 7.1.8 The longitudinal and cross-sectional drawings can be surveyed and mapped by total station, cross-sectional instrument or 3D laser scanning. The scale of the longitudinal section drawing is generally 1:500 to 1:2000 in the horizontal direction and 1:50 to 1:200 in the vertical direction; the scale of the cross-sectional drawing is generally 150 to 1:200 in the horizontal and vertical directions.
7.2 Surveying and Mapping of Underground Buildings
7.2.1 The elevation of the base plate, storey height, clearance height, and three-dimensional coordinates of detail points of underground buildings shall be measured and shall comply with the following provisions: a) The main facilities such as vents, entrances, exits, and passages shall be measured and annotated with the coordinates of each characteristic point of the geometric section and the elevation of the top and bottom plates. The coordinates and elevations of the characteristic points shall be measured at the turning or changing points of the passage; the auxiliary facilities of underground buildings shall be measured and annotated with the coordinates and elevation values of each characteristic point of the geometric section; b)
The geometric dimensions of concealed projects such as underground walls, retaining walls, pile foundations, slab foundations, strip foundations, box foundations, and column extension foundations can be obtained by collecting relevant data such as design and construction; the wall thickness can be determined by the coordinate difference of the characteristic points of the inner and outer walls of the building, and compared and verified with the wall thickness of the construction drawing. d)
When there is no method to determine, it can be processed according to the design value of the construction drawing and explained in the results. 7.2.2 The plan of underground buildings should indicate the following contents: a) Building plan layout, including the main outline of the building, the outline of the building's basement and internal demarcation lines, the building's ancillary facilities, the building's supporting facilities, etc.: b) Construction site and surrounding location information, including the location of the roadway entrance, the location of various pipeline inlets and outlets, the road's starting and ending points, intersections, turning points, and the location of surrounding related buildings; elevation information, including the indoor floor, outdoor floor, and basement entrance elevation, the elevation of the roadway entrance and exit, the elevation of supporting pipeline inlets and outlets, the road's starting and ending points, intersections, and turning points; d) Annotation information, including the building name and function, the coordinates of the building's characteristic points, the number of structural layers, the main height, the relative dimensions of the building and the surrounding buildings, the road name, etc. 7.2.3 When the building area needs to be measured at the completion of the project, it should comply with the provisions of the current national real estate measurement specifications. 7.2.4 The results of underground building surveying and mapping mainly include the characteristic point results table, plan (including layered plan), and comprehensive map. 7.3 Surveying and Mapping of Underground Transportation Facilities
7.3.1 Underground transportation facilities should be surveyed and mapped and the following contents should be expressed through plan drawings: a) Road location information, including carriageways, auxiliary roads, isolation belts, sidewalks, auxiliary traffic signs, underground pipeline inspection wells, tunnels and auxiliary facilities, culverts and auxiliary facilities, etc.;
b) Feature line information, including the center line of transportation facilities such as roads and tunnels, etc.; Annotation information, including road name, design coordinates and measured coordinates of important feature points such as the road starting point, end point, turning point, curve element point, intersection point, etc., elevation of corresponding points on the longitudinal section, road pavement material, tunnel name, tunnel (culvert) bottom elevation, clearance height or radial height, length, bottom width, coordinate values of tunnel (culvert) entrance and exit, etc. 7.3.2 The road longitudinal section drawing should survey and map and express the elevation of the center line of the measured pavement and relevant annotation information. 8
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