This standard specifies the terms and definitions of battery terminology. This standard applies to the basic terminology of lead-acid batteries and alkaline batteries. GB 2900.11-1988 Battery terminology GB2900.11-1988 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

UDC621.355:001.4
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB2900.11—88
Terminology of (secondary)
cell or battery
Published on December 10, 1988
Implementation on July 1, 1989
Published by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Terminology of (secondary).
cell or battery
UDC621.355
GB2900.11-88
This standard equivalently adopts the IEC 21st Technical Committee, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary 486.21 (Central Office) Document No. 289 "Terminology of Battery" (January 1986).
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the terms and definitions of battery terms. This standard applies to the basic terms of lead-acid batteries and alkaline batteries. 2 General terms and battery types
2.1* Battery
(secondary) cell or battery
An electrochemical device that can store the electrical energy obtained in the form of chemical energy and convert chemical energy into electrical energy. 2.2 Single battery
(secondary) cell
(rechargeable) cell
Composed of electrodes and electrolytes, it constitutes the basic unit of a battery pack. 2.3 Battery pack
(secondary) battery
(rechargeable) battery
storage battery
Two or more single batteries connected electrically and used as energy sources. 2.4 Lead-acid battery
lead-acid battery
A battery whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and whose electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. 2.5
Alkaline secondary battery
A battery whose electrolyte is an alkaline solution. 2.6 Nickel-iron battery
Nickel-iron battery
A battery whose positive electrode active material is mainly made of nickel and whose negative electrode active material is mainly made of iron. 2.7
Nickel-cadmium battery
A battery whose positive electrode active material is mainly made of nickel and whose negative electrode active material is mainly made of cadmium. Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on December 10, 1988 and implemented on July 1, 1989
2.8 Silver-zinc secondary battery
silver-zinc secondary battery GB2900.11-88
An alkaline storage battery in which the positive electrode active material is mainly made of silver and the negative electrode active material is mainly made of zinc. Tin-silver storage battery
silver-cadmium battery
An alkaline storage battery in which the positive electrode active material is mainly made of silver and the negative electrode active material is mainly made of zinc. 2.10 Nickel-zinc battery
nickel-zinc battery
An alkaline storage battery in which the positive electrode active material is mainly made of nickel and the negative electrode active material is mainly made of zinc. 2.11 Charge
charge (of a battery)
The working process in which a battery receives electrical energy from an external circuit and converts it into chemical energy. 2.12 Discharge
discharge
The process by which a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy and outputs current to an external circuit. 2.13. Raversal
The change in the normal polarity of a battery.
2.14. Open circuit voltage
open circuit voltage
off-load voltage
The potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery when the circuit is open. 2.15. Nominal voltage
nominal voltage
The appropriate voltage approximation used to identify the type of battery. 2.16
6 Special purpose battery
batteryforspecificepplicationA battery designed for a special purpose.
Example 1: Stationary batteryExample 2: Portable battery
portable battery
Example 3: Starting battery
Example 4: Traction battery
starter battery
traction battery
Example 5: Motorcycle battery
motorcycle battery
Example 6: Train lighting batterytraintightingbatteryaircraft battery
Example 7: Aviation battery
Example 8: Aerobatic battery
2.17 Monobloc battery
aerobatic battery
A battery in which multiple pole groups are assembled in a multi-cell battery shell. 2.18
Vented cell
Open cell
GB2900.11-88
A battery with a hole in the battery cover that can be equipped with a venting device to allow gas products to escape. 2.19 Unspillable cell
Unspillable cell
A battery that does not leak electrolyte in any direction. Note: Some vented cells are designed to be leak-free, but may leak when charged. 2.20 Sealed cell
Sealed cell
When the battery operates within the specified design range, it remains sealed, but when the internal pressure exceeds a predetermined value, the gas is allowed to escape through a resettable or non-resettable pressure release device. Note: ① Sealing can be achieved by partial or partial gas recombination inside the battery. ② This type of battery is maintenance-free. It can usually operate in any direction without adding electrolyte. 2.21
hermetically sealed cell
a sealed battery without pressure relief device. 2.22dry charged battery
dry charged battery
a battery without electrolyte storage, whose plates are dry and in a charged state. 2.23filled and charged battery
a battery that can be used immediately.
2.24wet charged battery
charged drained battery
a battery in which the plates are charged and contain a small amount of electrolyte, while most of the electrolyte is absorbed into the plates and separators for storage. 2.25dry discharged battery
a battery without electrolyte storage, whose plates are dry and in a non-charged state. 2.26Filled discharged batteryA battery stored in a non-charged state with electrolyte. Wet discharged batteryDischarged drained batteryA battery stored in a non-charged state with electrolyte removed. 2.28Unformed dry batteryUnformed dry batteryA battery stored in a dry state with the plates not yet transformed into active substances. 2.29 Reserve battery
reserve battery
A battery that is stored in a dry-charged state by inputting the required electrolyte into the battery through an activation method. Maintenance-free battery
maintenance-free battery
A battery that does not require maintenance during use under specified operating conditions. Note: For lead-acid starting batteries, this term refers to a battery that does not require the addition of water. 3
3·Battery components
3.1 Active material
active material
GB 2900.1188
When the battery is discharged, it generates electrical energy through chemical reactions and returns to its original components when charged. 3.2 Plate
plate (of battery)
Electrode composed of active material and supporting conductor (if necessary). 3.3 Positive plate
positive plate
A plate that forms the cathode during discharge and the anode during charge. 3.4 Negative plate
negative plate
A plate that forms the anode during discharge and the cathode during charge. 3.5 Unformed plate; Plante plate
Planteplate
A plate with a large effective surface area. Usually soft lead, the active material is a thin layer formed by the oxidation of the lead itself. Pasted plate
gridtypeplate
pastedplate
A plate consisting of a conductive grid coated with active material. 3.71
Faureplate
A pasted plate used in lead-acid batteries. 3.8
tubular plate
a positive plate consisting of a porous tube containing active material. 3.9
box negative plate
a negative plate containing a layer of active material between perforated thin lead plates. 3.10
a plate consisting of a perforated metal bag filled with active material. 3.11
sintered plate
a plate of an alkaline storage battery made of a skeleton made of sintered metal powder and then impregnated (or not impregnated) with active material. 3.12
plate pair (of battery)
plate couple
a battery assembly consisting of two plates (a positive plate and a negative plate). 3.13 Plate group
Plate group
plategroup
GB2900.11-88
Assembly of plates with the same polarity connected. 3.14 Spacer
spacer
A part made of insulating material to keep the space between plates of opposite polarity. 5 Separator
separator (of a battery)
An electrically insulating material component placed between the positive and negative plates of a battery, allowing ions to pass through, which can completely or partially block the mixing of active substances.
Note: The diaphragm is a special form of separator.
3.16 Plate group
Combined plate group
platepack
A component consisting of a separator and a positive and negative plate group. 3.17
Terminal; pole
terminal (of a battery)
Part of a battery connected to an external conductor. 3.18Positive terminal; positive pole
positive terminal
Terminal connected to the positive electrode of a battery.
Negative terminal; negative pole
negative terminal
Terminal connected to the negative electrode of a battery.
3.20Electrolyte; electrolyte
electrolyte
Liquid or solid substance containing mobile ions and acting as an ion conductor. 3.21
Battery shell; battery shell
container
Container that holds battery pole groups and electrolyte without being corroded by the electrolyte. 2 Monobloc container; Monobloc container
A battery container with several compartments, each of which can hold a group of electrodes. Saddle
Mudribs
Ribs at the bottom of the battery container or parts installed at the bottom, used to support the group of electrodes so that the active material particles detached from the plates can be deposited therein without causing short circuits between the plates. 3.24 Insulatorbzxz.net
Edge insulator
Parts that ensure insulation between the edge of the plate and the side wall of the battery container. 5 Battery cover
Parts that usually close the battery container with injection holes, vent holes and terminal lead-out holes. Note: For monobloc containers, it can close several single battery containers. 3.26
Scaling compound
GB2900.11-88
Material used to seal the battery cover to the shell or to the terminal. 3.27
Fluid hole plug; gas plug
vent plug
Component used to close the liquid filling hole while allowing gas to escape. 3.28
Vent valve
Vent valve
Component that allows gas to escape but does not allow air to enter when the internal pressure is exceeded. 3.29
Safety plug
Flame-arrester vent plug
A device of special structure that can protect the battery from explosion when the battery is exposed to open flame or external sparks. 3.30
electrolyte level indicator
a device indicating the height of the electrolyte level in a single storage battery. 3.31
baffle
installed on the pole group to reduce the splashing of electrolyte caused by gas precipitation or electrolyte movement, and to prevent foreign objects from entering through the injection hole and damaging the insulating parts of the pole group.
3.32intercell connector
a conductor used to conduct current between single storage batteries. 3.33
output cable
output cable
a flexible cable used to connect a battery group to a load or charger. 3.34terminal connector
tetminal connector
a part used to electrically connect the battery group terminals to an external circuit. 3.35 Battery tray
A container with side walls for accommodating several single batteries or battery packs. Battery crate
A frame container for accommodating several single batteries or battery packs. 3.37
battery base
battery stand
battery stillage
An insulating pad usually used at the bottom of fixed batteries. Battery rack
battery rack
A support for fixed batteries in one or more layers. 4
Battery characteristics and tests
4.1 Capacity
GB2900.11-88
(battery)capacity
Under specified conditions, a fully charged battery can provide electricity, generally expressed in ampere-hours (A·h). Note: The international unit of this electricity is coulomb (1C=1As). However, in actual use, battery capacity is usually expressed in A·h. 4.2 Energy capacity
energy capacity (of a battery)Under specified conditions, a fully charged battery can provide energy, usually expressed in watt-hours. 4.3 Discharge rate
discharge rate
The current expressed in amperes when the battery is discharged. 4.4 Final voltage
final voltage
cut-off voltage
The specified voltage at which discharge is considered to be terminated.
4.5 Specific characteristic
specific characteristic
The ratio of the battery's electrical performance to the battery's unit mass, unit surface area or unit volume (e.g. Wh/kg). 4.6 Charge rate
chargerate
The current expressed in amperes when charging a battery. 4.7 End-of-charge rate
end-of-charge
finishing rate
The current value expressed in amperes at the final stage of battery charging. 3 Charge factor
Charge factor
A coefficient that is multiplied by the amount of electricity released during discharge to determine the recharge base. 4.9Charging efficiency
ampere-hour efficiency
The ratio of the amount of electricity given by a battery during discharge to the amount of electricity required to restore it to its initial state of charge under specified conditions. 4.10Energy efficiency
Watt-hour efficiency
Energy efficiency
Watt-hour efficiency
The ratio of the amount of energy given by a battery during discharge to the amount of energy required to restore it to its initial state of charge under specified conditions. Initial temperature
initial temperature
The temperature of the battery at the beginning of discharge or charge. 4.12Ambient temperature
ambienttemperature
The temperature of the medium closest to the battery. Critical temperature
critical temperature
The temperature at which the characteristics change dramatically.
Temperature coefficient of electromotiveforce
GB 2900.11-88
temperature coefficient of electromotiveforceThe change in electromotive force of a single battery relative to the electromotive force at a specified temperature for each degree Celsius change in temperature. Capacitor temperature coefficient
temperature coefficient of capacityThe change in capacity of a battery relative to the capacity at a specified temperature for each degree Celsius change in temperature. Load voltage
on-load voltage
The potential difference between the terminals when the battery outputs current. 4.17:
initial voltage
initial voltage
The load voltage at the moment when the initial instantaneous polarization effect reaches stability after the circuit is closed. 4.18 Average voltage
meanvoltage
The average value of the voltage during charging or discharging. 4.19 End-of-charge voltage
The voltage at which the battery reaches full charge during the specified constant current charging period. Cycle
The process of discharge (charge) followed by charge (discharge) under specified conditions. 4.21
Nominal capacity
The approximate ampere-hour capacity used to identify the appropriate battery. Rated capacity
ratedcapacity
The ampere-hour capacity indicated by the manufacturer that a battery can provide when fully charged under specified conditions. Service life
Service life
The useful life of a battery under specified conditions. 4.24 Gassing
Gas formation caused by electrolysis characterized by the movement of electrolyte. 4.25
Apparent internal resistance
The quotient of the change in voltage of a battery and the corresponding change in current under specified conditions. Short-circuit current
short-circuit current
GB2900.11-88
Under specified conditions, when the circuit resistance is very small compared to the battery resistance, the maximum current that the battery provides to the circuit. Self-discharge
seif-discharge
When the battery is not connected to an external circuit, the chemical energy loss caused by spontaneous reactions in the battery. Pretreatment
commissioning
Preparation of the battery before use.
4.29Service mass
Service mass
The mass of the battery under service conditions.
4.30Endurance
The performance of the battery expressed in numerical terms during a test simulating certain conditions of use. Starting capability
starting capability
The ability of the battery to provide electrical energy to the engine starter motor under specified conditions. 4.32 Charge acceptance
charge acceptance
The ability of a battery to accept charge under specified conditions. Charge retention
Charge retention
The ability of a battery to maintain a charge when open-circuited under specified conditions. Thermal runaway
thermal runaway
A critical state that occurs during constant voltage charging. At this time, the current and temperature of the battery have a cumulative mutually reinforcing effect and gradually increase, resulting in damage to the battery. 4.35 Overcharge
overcharge
Charging that continues after fully charged.
Electrolyte retention; electrolyte retention 4.36
electrolyte retention
The ability of a battery to retain electrolyte under specified mechanical and environmental conditions. (Fully) charged (state)
fully charged state
When all available active substances in the battery have been converted to a fully charged state. Voltage sag
\coup de fouet\
The instantaneous voltage drop that occurs at the beginning of discharge of a fully charged lead-acid battery, followed by recovery to the normal load voltage. 5
Battery working mode
5.1 Constant current charge
constant current charge
Charging in which the current is maintained at a constant value.
Constant voltage charge
constant voltage charge
GB 2900.11-88
Charging in which the voltage between the battery terminals is maintained at a constant value. 5.3
Modified constant voltage charge
modified constant voltage charge A charging method using a constant voltage power supply with current limitation. 5.4 Boost charge
Boost charge
Usually a partial charge at a high rate for a short time. 5.5Equalizing charge
equalizing charge
A continuous charge to ensure that all cells in a battery pack are fully charged. 5.6Trickle charge
Trickle charge
A continuous low current charge to compensate for self-discharge and keep the battery in a nearly fully charged state. 5.7
Two-step charge
two-rate charge
A charge that starts with a certain current and then charges with a lower current after a predetermined point. 5.8Initial charge
initial charge
The first charge to bring the battery to a fully charged state. 5.9
Buffer battery
buffer battery
A battery connected in parallel with a DC power source to reduce power fluctuations. 5.10 Floating battery
floating battery
a battery that supplies power to a circuit when the normal power supply is interrupted. Its terminals are always connected to a constant voltage power supply to maintain the battery in a nearly fully charged state.
application battery
emergency battery
a battery that can supply power to a circuit when the normal power supply is interrupted. 5.12
original equipment battery
a battery used with new equipment.
5.13 replacement battery
replacement battery
a battery used to replace the original battery. 5.14 pilot cell
a single cell selected from a battery bank to represent the average state of part or the entire battery bank. 10
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