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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB315782
The black and white dairy cattle of China
The black and white dairy cattle of China1982-08-09Promulgated
State Technical Supervision
A17hz壁道
Implementation on 1983-05-01
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
The black and white dairy cattle of China
The black and white dairy cattle of ChinaThis standard applies to the breed identification, appearance appraisal and breeding cow registration of black and white dairy cattle nationwide. 1 Breed characteristics and appearance
1.1 Breed formation
GB3157—82
This breed of cattle is a dairy breed of cattle that was formed by long-term selection and domestication of black and white peanuts introduced from abroad or crossbreeding with yellow pigs from various places for more than three generations.
1.2 Coat color and appearance
The coat color is black and white with clear boundaries. The skin is thin and elastic. All parts are well-known. The cow has a delicate head, the bull has a masculine appearance, and the head and neck are well connected. The body is long, wide and deep. The distance between the ribs is wide, long and open. The cow has a large belly without sagging, and the bull has a moderate belly. The chest is deep and wide. The back line is straight. The rump is long, flat and wide. The limbs are strong, the hoof is solid, and the hoof bottom is round. The udder is delicate and the milk vein is obvious. The udder is large but not sagging, extending forward and backward, and well attached. The nipples are of moderate size, vertically columnar, and evenly spaced. 1.3 Body size and weight are shown in Table 1
Table 1 Height and weight (lower limit) of adult cattle Sex
2 Production performance
2.1 Milk production
Weight (kg)
Height (cm)
Under normal feeding conditions, the milk production of a cow in 305 days (lower limit) is: 3500 kg for the first litter, 3900 kg for the second litter, 4200 kg for the third litter, 4400 kg for the fourth litter, and 4500 kg for the fifth litter.
2.2 Milk fat rate
The milk fat rate is 3.4%, but for every 1000 kg increase in milk production in each litter, the milk fat rate can be reduced by 0.1%. 3 Appearance scoring standards
Appearance appraisal is evaluated according to the percentage system (see Appendix A) and divided into four levels. That is, special, first, second, and third, see Table 2. A.1 Trial Method for Appearance Identification Table 2 Appearance Scoring Standards (Supplement) The appearance identification scoring items for cows include: general appearance and milk characteristics, body drive, milk secretion system, limbs and hooves, with 16 items in total. Different scoring standards are set according to the relationship and importance of each part to the production performance and physique of dairy cows, with a total of 100 points, see Table A1. The items for bulls are generally similar to those for cows, but each has its own emphasis, see Table A2. When evaluating the appearance of male and female cows, if there is an obvious physiological defect in one of the udder, limbs and body drive, it cannot be rated as special grade; if there are two, it cannot be rated as first grade; if there are three, it cannot be rated as second grade. Identification time: Cows are identified once in the second lactation month after 1st and 3rd parity. Bulls are identified once at 12 and 60 months of age. Table A1 Cow Appearance Assessment Scoring Table
General Appearance and Milking Characteristics
1. Head, neck, nails, hind thighs and other parts have obvious edges and contours 2. Thin and elastic skin, fine and shiny hair 3. Tall and strong body, well-proportioned structure and good combination 4. Black and white fur with clear boundaries
5. Length, width and depth
6. Ribs are wide apart, long and open
7. Back and waist are straight
8. Belly is large but not sagging
9. Buttocks are long, flat and wideWww.bzxZ.net
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Standard score
10. The breast is well-shaped, extending forward and backward, and attached compactly. 11. The texture of the breast: the mammary gland is well developed, soft and elastic.
12. The four breast areas: the front breast area is medium-length, the four breast areas are symmetrical, the rear breast area is high, wide and round, and the breast is wide. 13. Nipple: moderate size, vertically cylindrical, and evenly spaced. 14. The mammary veins are curved and obvious, the milk well is large, and the mammary veins are obviously small.
15. Forelimbs:
The weft is solid,
The joints are obvious,
The limbs are in good condition,
The hoof is correct,
Solid,
16. Hind limbs:
The limbs are in good condition,
1. Coat color Black and white, tall
2. Male appearance, wide between the left and right limbs,
solid,
round hoof sole
Strong pasterns, straight hoof shape,
solid hoof, round hoof sole
Bull Appearance Assessment Score Sheet
Details and Full Score Requirements
Medium shoulder hump, well-developed forequarters
3. All parts are well combined and well-proportioned
4. Back and waist: straight and strong, wide and flat waist 5. Long and thin tail, the tail root is horizontal with the back line
6. Mid-section: long, wide and deep
7. Chest: large chest circumference, wide and deep
8. Compact abdomen, moderate size| |tt||9. Hindquarters:
Buttocks are long, flat and wide
10. The head, body shape and hind thighs are angular, with little subcutaneous fat. 11. The neck is of moderate length,
with little dewlap,
nails are wedge-shaped, and the ribs are flat and long
12. The skin is thin and elastic,
with fine and shiny hair
13. The nipples are columnar, arranged far apart, and square. 14. Testicles: large and symmetrical
15. Forelimbs: The limbs are well-proportioned, strong and powerful, with a wide distance between the left and right limbs. Hoof shape is correct, quality is solid, and the pasterns are strong. 16. Hind limbs: good limbs, strong and strong, wide between the left and right limbs, clear hock outline, strong pasterns, hoof shape is correct, and hoof quality is solid.
A.2 Trial Measures for Registration of Fine Breed Cows
A.2.1 All registered cows must be in good health, and their body size and weight must meet the breed standards. A.2.2 Pedigree: The pedigree of three generations is clear, and the records must include the cow number, pedigree and production performance. 3
A.2.3 Appearance score: Cows with more than 75 points: However, cows with obvious appearance defects in any of the udder, limbs, breast and above the middle part cannot be registered.
A.2.4 Production performance: 305-day milk production (lower limit): 5,000 kg for the first calving, 5,400 kg for the second calving, 5,700 kg for the third calving, 5,900 kg for the fourth calving, and 6,000 kg for the fifth calving. The milk fat rate is 3.4%, but for every additional 1,000 kg of milk production per parity, the milk fat rate can be allowed to decrease by 0.1%. A.3 Meaning of milk fat rate in this standard
The milk fat rate index adopted in this standard only reflects the current milk quality level of Chinese black and white dairy cows. As one of the indicators for evaluating the quality of dairy cows, it is not a breeding standard for this breed of cattle, nor is it used as a pricing basis for milk purchases. Consumer
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