GB/T 3511-2001 Test method for direct natural weathering of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber
Some standard content:
GB/T3511-2001
This standard is a non-equivalent revision of GB/T3511-1983 (1989) "Rubber Atmospheric Aging Test Method" by adopting the direct natural weathering test method in ISO4665:1998 "Weathering Aging of Vulcanized Rubber or Thermoplastic Rubber". Differences between this standard and ISO4665:1998: The test method of ISO4665:1998 includes natural weathering (direct natural weathering, natural weathering after glass plate filtering and natural weathering accelerated by light from Fresnel reflector) and artificial light weathering. The technical content of this standard is basically the same as that of the direct natural weathering test method in ISO4665:1998. Differences between this standard and the previous version of GB/T3511-1983 (1989) "Rubber Atmospheric Aging Test Method": 1. The name of the previous version is changed to "Direct Natural Weathering Test Method for Vulcanized Rubber or Thermoplastic Rubber". 2. This standard adds the determination of solar radiation dose. 3. This standard specifies the content of selecting appropriate exposure time. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are standard appendices. Appendix C of this standard is a suggestive appendix.
This standard replaces GB/T3511-—1983 (1989) from the date of implementation. This standard is proposed by the State Administration of Petroleum and Chemical Industry.
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This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Rubber General Physical Test Method Sub-Technical Committee of the National Rubber Standardization Committee. The drafting unit of this standard: Guangzhou Synthetic Materials Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Zheng Yunzhong, Xie Yufang. This standard was first issued in March 1983. Confirmed in 1989. 17
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Rubber ,vulcanized and thermoplastic--The test method of resistance to direct natural weathering
Rubber ,vulcanized and thermoplastic--The test method of resistance to direct natural weatheringGB/T 3511 --2001
Replaces GB/T3511-1983(1989）
Warning: Personnel using this standard should be familiar with regular laboratory operating procedures. This standard does not intend to involve all safety issues that may arise from the use of this standard. It is the user's responsibility to establish appropriate safety and health systems and ensure compliance with national regulations. 1 Scope
This standard specifies a natural weathering test method for vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber surfaces subjected to direct sunlight and the effects of natural weather factors such as sunlight, temperature, moisture, oxygen, ozone and other comprehensive factors. This standard is applicable to the aging test of vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber under direct sunlight and natural weather factors. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB250-1995 Grey sample scale for evaluating color change (idtISO105/A02:1993) GB/T528-1998 Determination of tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber (eqvISO37:1994) GB730-1998 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to light and weather - Blue wool standard (eqvISO105/B:1994) GB/T 2941---1991 Standard temperature, humidity and time for environmental conditioning and testing of rubber specimens (eqvISO 471:1983）GB/T8424—1987 Method for determination of color and color difference of textiles GB/T9865.1—1996 Preparation of samples and test specimens of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber Part 1: Physical test (idtISO4661-1:1993)
3 Principle
After the sample is directly exposed to solar radiation and natural weather, the results of changes in its color, appearance and selected physical properties are evaluated.
4 Test apparatus
4.1 Exposure rack
Used as a support for exposing the sample, the rack surface has a fixed inclination angle with the horizontal plane (Figure 1). It can be made of materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy or steel, but the surface of the steel must be coated with an anti-corrosion coating. 4.2 Sample rack
The small frame for mounting the sample can be made of alloy aluminum, stainless steel, wood or other inert materials. Harmful metal materials such as copper or iron cannot come into direct contact with the sample.
4.3 Instruments for measuring meteorology
Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on August 28, 2001, 1.80
Implemented on May 1, 2002
4.3.1 Instruments for measuring solar radiation
GB/T 35112001
4.3.1.1 The global pyranometer shall meet the requirements of the meteorological department and be calibrated according to the calibration time specified by the instrument. 4.3.1.2 The global ultraviolet radiation meter can receive radiation of 300nm~400nm ultraviolet light waves and be calibrated according to the calibration time specified by the instrument. 4.3.1.3 Blue wool fabric standard: Use the blue wool fabric standard as specified in GB730-1998. 4.3.2 Temperature and humidity measuring instrument
The temperature and humidity recorder used by the meteorological department shall be in accordance with the requirements. 4.3.3 Meteorological data can also be obtained from the local meteorological department. 5 Test specimens
5.1 The preparation of test specimens shall comply with the provisions of GB/T9865.1. 5.2 The specimens cut from the exposed test pieces shall be at least 20 mm away from the mounting and fixing materials. 5.3 The use of dumbbell-shaped test specimens shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T528. 5.4 The number of test specimens for measuring the performance before and after aging is usually five, but the number of valid test specimens shall not be less than three. 5.5 The surface of the test specimen for measuring color change shall provide a sufficiently flat surface. 6 Test conditions
6.1 Exposure site
6.1.1 The exposure site shall represent the most severe conditions of a certain type of climate characteristics. 6.1.2 The exposure site shall be flat and open, away from trees and buildings, and the distance between trees and buildings and the edge of the site shall be at least 3 times the height of the obstacle.
6.1.3 The exposure site shall be kept in a natural state, and if there is grass growing tall, it needs to be trimmed frequently. 6.2 Exposure rack placement
The exposure rack should be fixed, facing due south, and the specimen should be at least 0.5m above the ground. 6.3 Exposure angle
The specimen exposure angle can be 45°, the geographical latitude of the exposure location, 90° or 0°~10°6.4 Specimen placement
6.4.1 The specimen is installed on the specimen fixing rack in a stress-free free state. 6.4.2 If the specimen needs to be exposed under deformation, when there is no specified stretching degree, a 20% stretching specimen is generally used. 7 Exposure time
7.1 The length of the exposure time depends on the aging resistance of the rubber material. Select the appropriate exposure time from the following. Month: 1, 3, 6, 9;
Year: 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6.
7.2 The test time is generally selected to start in late spring. 8 Procedure
8.1 After the sample is installed on the sample rack according to the test requirements, it is then installed on the exposure rack and the exposure time is calculated. 8.2 Determination of solar radiation dose
8.2.1 Instrument for determination of radiation dose
GB/T 3511-2001
1.- Bolt; 2- Flat steel (40×4) mm, 3- Frame (30×30×4) mm Angle steel α Frame surface angle Figure 1 Fixed angle exposure rack
The total pyranometer and ultraviolet radiation meter are placed near the exposure sample rack and parallel to the plane of the exposure rack. 8.3 Determination of radiation dose by blue wool standard
The method for determining radiation dose by using blue wool standard shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix A (Standard Appendix). 8.4 Meteorological observation
Check the temperature and humidity recorders every day to see if they are recording normally. 8.5 Performance measurement
The samples for measuring physical properties shall be conditioned according to the provisions of GB/T2941 and then measured according to the requirements of the corresponding test standards. 8.6 Color change measurement
8.6.1 Instrumental measurement: The color change measurement shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T8424. 8.6.2 Visual measurement: The self-measurement method shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB250. 8.6.3 Other appearance changes: Cracks, powdering, microbial growth and precipitates shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). 9 Result expression
9.1 Color change
9.1.1 Instrumental measurement
The color difference rating of the sample shall be expressed in accordance with GB/T8424. 9.1.2 Visual inspection
Compare the color difference of the sample. If the comparison is between the two levels of the gray card, record the intermediate level. For example, the comparison level of 2-3 means that it is greater than level 2 but less than level 3, and an appropriate quality term is added to explain it. For example, the report can use the sample color lighter, lighter, darker, and gray card level 2-3.
9.2 Other appearance changes
The appearance change of the unstretched sample is rated according to Table B1 in Appendix B (Standard Appendix). The crack level of the tensile sample is rated according to Table B32 in Appendix B (Standard Appendix). 9.3 Changes in physical properties
The original property change value is expressed in any of the following ways:) Percentage change of the original value:
Where: P——the original sample property measurement value; GB/T 35112001
PP×× 100
Px-the original sample property measurement value after aging. b) Percentage of original value:
c) Performance change:
10Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) Sample description:
1) Sample name, specification, quantity and source; 2) Sample preparation method and process,
b) Test description:
1) Use the name and code of this standard:
2) Explain the exposure site and location, exposure angle: 3) Explain the test sudden exposure time;
4) If the test is conducted under tensile conditions, the degree of stretching should be stated, 5) The nature of the bracket or accessories used;
6) The method of determining the radiation dose;
c) Test results:
1) Test items and test data:
2) Meteorological data or radiation dose:
3) Tester;
4) Reviewer.
·（1）
（2）
+**(3)
A1 Explanation
GB/T 3511--2001
Appendix A
（Appendix to the standard）
Measurement of light dose using blue wool standard
Blue wool standard fabric (referred to as "standard sample") is used to assess the light and weather fastness grades of colored textiles. Because blue dye is sensitive to light radiation and has a certain quantitative relationship, it can be used to determine the radiation dose grade, that is, the exposure period. The blue wool standard sample is divided into eight grades (i.e. 8 numbers), representing 8 light fastness grades. Because the standard sample is easy to use and there is a lot of data to support its use, it can be used to determine the exposure period of rubber light exposure test.
Note: Refer to GB730.
A2 Procedure
A2.1 Place a group of blue wool standard samples numbered from 1 to 8 (levels) near the sample and conduct exposure test at the same time. A2.2 Compare the color difference between the exposed blue wool standard sample and the unexposed blue wool standard sample, and compare it with the color difference level of the "Gray Sample Card for Color Change Assessment". When the color difference of the No. 1 standard sample reaches the color difference of 4 levels of the gray sample card, the radiation dose level (exposure level) is 1/1 level, that is, it reaches the exposure period 1/1 level. When the color difference of the No. 2 standard sample reaches the same color difference of 4 levels, it reaches the exposure period 2/1 level: and so on, until the No. 8 standard sample shows a color difference of 4 levels, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/1 level. A2.3 When the first batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches 8/1 level, replace it with the second batch of newly prepared No. 1 to 8 standard samples, and continue to expose until the second batch of No. 8 standard samples show a color difference of 4 levels of the gray card with the unexposed No. 8 standard samples, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/2 level. A2.4 Discard the second batch of No. 8 standard samples and replace them with the third batch of newly prepared No. 18 standard samples. Continue to expose. When the third batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches a color difference of 4, the exposure period reaches 8/3 level.
Repeat this procedure as needed to obtain 8/4, 8/5, ..., 8/n levels, as listed in Table A1. Table A1 Exposure period (level)
The first batch of blue standard sample No. 1 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 2 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 3 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 4 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 5 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 6 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 7 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The second batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The nth batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels Note
The exposure time for levels 1 to 8/1 is about 1 year in sunlight in a temperate climate. 2 When no better method can be used as an alternative, the continuous exposure method of standard sample No. 8 should be used. 184
B1 Inspection purpose
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix B
(Appendix of the standard)
Inspection method for other appearance changes of the specimen
Observe the changes on the surface of the specimen, identify its aging degree, or provide reference for other performance changes. B2 Tools
B2.1 4~7 times magnifying glass.
Original specimen or other comparison sample.
B3 Inspection cycle
According to the test requirements and the aging of the specimen, regularly check the phenomena on the surface of the specimen. B4
Inspection steps
B4.1 Take back the specimen and keep it in its original state, observe the changes on the surface of the specimen with the naked eye or a magnifying glass, and compare it with the original specimen. B4.2 Record the appearance changes in detail, such as cracks, powdering, precipitates, microbial growth and other items. B4.3 After the inspection, put the specimen back to its original state and continue the test. B5 Test result expression
B5.1 The degree of appearance change is divided into 0 to 3 levels. B5.1.1 The evaluation level of appearance change of unstretched specimens is shown in Table B1. Table B1
B5.1.2 The evaluation level of cracks in tensile specimens is shown in Table B2. Equal
Degree of appearance change
No change
Almost no change
Medium change
Significant change
Degree of crack change
No crack
Almost no crack
Medium crack
Significant crack
Climate type
Tropical climate
Subtropical climate
Temperate climate
Cold temperate climate
Shangyuan climate
Desert climate
Hot climate, high humidity
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Main climate types in my country
Annual total solar radiation 5400MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature ≥8000℃
Annual precipitation>1500mm
Humidity and heat level is inferior to tropical, with many rainy days
Annual total solar radiation 3300MJ/m2~5000MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 8000℃～4500℃
Annual precipitation 1000 mm～~1500 mm
The climate is mild, there is no hot and humid month
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 4500℃~1600℃
Annual precipitation 600mm~700mm
Climate is cold and winter is long
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <1 600 C
Annual precipitation 400mm~600mm
The climate changes greatly, the air pressure is low, and the ultraviolet radiation is strong. Annual total solar radiation 6700MJ/m2~9200MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <2000℃
Annual precipitation <400mm
The climate is extremely dry, with strong winds and sand, hot summer and cold winter, and large temperature difference. Annual total solar radiation 6 300 MJ/m2~~6 700M/m2Annual accumulated temperature <4 000 C
Annual precipitation <100mm
South of Quzhou Peninsula
Hainan Island
Southern Taiwan and other places
South of Yangtze River Liucheng
Sichuan Basin
Northern Taiwan and other places
Qinling Mountains, Huaihe River North
Yellow River Basin
Southern Northeast China and other places
Northern Northeast China
Northern Inner Mongolia
Parts of northern Xinzhai
Qinghai, Tibet and other places
Southern Xinjiang Tamu Basin
Desert areas such as western Inner Mongolia2 Other appearance changes
Appearance changes of unstretched specimens shall be rated according to Table B1 in Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). Crack levels of tensile specimens shall be rated according to Table B32 in Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). 9.3 Changes in physical properties
The original property change value shall be expressed in any of the following ways:) Percentage change of the original value:
Where: P——Determined value of original specimen performance; GB/T 35112001
PP×× 100
Px-Determined value of the original specimen performance after aging. b) Percentage of original value:
c) Performance change:
10Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) Sample description:
1) Sample name, specification, quantity and source; 2) Sample preparation method and process,
b) Test description:
1) Use the name and code of this standard:
2) Explain the exposure site and location, exposure angle: 3) Explain the test sudden exposure time;
4) If the test is conducted under tensile conditions, the degree of stretching should be stated, 5) The nature of the bracket or accessories used;
6) The method of determining the radiation dose;
c) Test results:
1) Test items and test data:
2) Meteorological data or radiation dose:
3) Tester;
4) Reviewer.
·（1）
（2）
+**(3)
A1 Explanation
GB/T 3511--2001
Appendix A
（Appendix to the standard）
Measurement of light dose using blue wool standard
Blue wool standard fabric (referred to as "standard sample") is used to assess the light and weather fastness grades of colored textiles. Because blue dye is sensitive to light radiation and has a certain quantitative relationship, it can be used to determine the radiation dose grade, that is, the exposure period. The blue wool standard sample is divided into eight grades (i.e. 8 numbers), representing 8 light fastness grades. Because the standard sample is easy to use and there is a lot of data to support its use, it can be used to determine the exposure period of rubber light exposure test.
Note: Refer to GB730.
A2 Procedure
A2.1 Place a group of blue wool standard samples numbered from 1 to 8 (levels) near the sample and conduct exposure test at the same time. A2.2 Compare the color difference between the exposed blue wool standard sample and the unexposed blue wool standard sample, and compare it with the color difference level of the "Gray Sample Card for Color Change Assessment". When the color difference of the No. 1 standard sample reaches the color difference of 4 levels of the gray sample card, the radiation dose level (exposure level) is 1/1 level, that is, it reaches the exposure period 1/1 level. When the color difference of the No. 2 standard sample reaches the same color difference of 4 levels, it reaches the exposure period 2/1 level: and so on, until the No. 8 standard sample shows a color difference of 4 levels, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/1 level. A2.3 When the first batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches 8/1 level, replace it with the second batch of newly prepared No. 1 to 8 standard samples, and continue to expose until the second batch of No. 8 standard samples show a color difference of 4 levels of the gray card with the unexposed No. 8 standard samples, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/2 level. A2.4 Discard the second batch of No. 8 standard samples and replace them with the third batch of newly prepared No. 18 standard samples. Continue to expose. When the third batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches a color difference of 4, the exposure period reaches 8/3 level.
Repeat this procedure as needed to obtain 8/4, 8/5, ..., 8/n levels, as listed in Table A1. Table A1 Exposure period (level)
The first batch of blue standard sample No. 1 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 2 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 3 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 4 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 5 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 6 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 7 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The second batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The nth batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels Note
The exposure time for levels 1 to 8/1 is about 1 year in sunlight in a temperate climate. 2 When no better method can be used as an alternative, the continuous exposure method of standard sample No. 8 should be used. 184
B1 Inspection purpose
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix B
(Appendix of the standard)
Inspection method for other appearance changes of the specimen
Observe the changes on the surface of the specimen, identify its aging degree, or provide reference for other performance changes. B2 Tools
B2.1 4~7 times magnifying glass.
Original specimen or other comparison sample.
B3 Inspection cycle
According to the test requirements and the aging of the specimen, regularly check the phenomena on the surface of the specimen. B4
Inspection steps
B4.1 Take back the specimen and keep it in its original state, observe the changes on the surface of the specimen with the naked eye or a magnifying glass, and compare it with the original specimen. B4.2 Record the appearance changes in detail, such as cracks, powdering, precipitates, microbial growth and other items. B4.3 After the inspection, put the specimen back to its original state and continue the test. B5 Test result expression
B5.1 The degree of appearance change is divided into 0 to 3 levels. B5.1.1 The evaluation level of appearance change of unstretched specimens is shown in Table B1. Table B1
B5.1.2 The evaluation level of cracks in tensile specimens is shown in Table B2. Equal
Degree of appearance change
No change
Almost no change
Medium change
Significant change
Degree of crack change
No crack
Almost no crack
Medium crack
Significant crack
Climate type
Tropical climate
Subtropical climate
Temperate climate
Cold temperate climate
Shangyuan climate
Desert climate
Hot climate, high humidity
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Main climate types in my country
Annual total solar radiation 5400MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature ≥8000℃
Annual precipitation>1500mm
Humidity and heat level is inferior to tropical, with many rainy days
Annual total solar radiation 3300MJ/m2~5000MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 8000℃～4500℃
Annual precipitation 1000 mm～~1500 mm
The climate is mild, there is no hot and humid month
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 4500℃~1600℃
Annual precipitation 600mm~700mm
Climate is cold and winter is long
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <1 600 C
Annual precipitation 400mm~600mm
The climate changes greatly, the air pressure is low, and the ultraviolet radiation is strong. Annual total solar radiation 6700MJ/m2~9200MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <2000℃
Annual precipitation <400mm
The climate is extremely dry, with strong winds and sand, hot summer and cold winter, and large temperature difference. Annual total solar radiation 6 300 MJ/m2~~6 700M/m2Annual accumulated temperature <4 000 C
Annual precipitation <100mm
South of Quzhou Peninsula
Hainan Island
Southern Taiwan and other places
South of Yangtze River Liucheng
Sichuan Basin
Northern Taiwan and other places
Qinling Mountains, Huaihe River North
Yellow River Basin
Southern Northeast China and other places
Northern Northeast China
Northern Inner Mongolia
Parts of northern Xinzhai
Qinghai, Tibet and other places
Southern Xinjiang Tamu Basin
Desert areas such as western Inner Mongolia2 Other appearance changes
Appearance changes of unstretched specimens shall be rated according to Table B1 in Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). Crack levels of tensile specimens shall be rated according to Table B32 in Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). 9.3 Changes in physical properties
The original property change value shall be expressed in any of the following ways:) Percentage change of the original value:
Where: P——Determined value of original specimen performance; GB/T 35112001
PP×× 100
Px-Determined value of the original specimen performance after aging. b) Percentage of original value:
c) Performance change:
10Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) Sample description:
1) Sample name, specification, quantity and source; 2) Sample preparation method and process,
b) Test description:
1) Use the name and code of this standard:
2) Explain the exposure site and location, exposure angle: 3) Explain the test sudden exposure time;
4) If the test is conducted under tensile conditions, the degree of stretching should be stated, 5) The nature of the bracket or accessories used;
6) The method of determining the radiation dose;
c) Test results:
1) Test items and test data:
2) Meteorological data or radiation dose:
3) Tester;
4) Reviewer.
·（1）
（2）
+**(3)
A1 Explanation
GB/T 3511--2001
Appendix A
（Appendix to the standard）
Measurement of light dose using blue wool standard
Blue wool standard fabric (referred to as "standard sample") is used to assess the light and weather fastness grades of colored textiles. Because blue dye is sensitive to light radiation and has a certain quantitative relationship, it can be used to determine the radiation dose grade, that is, the exposure period. The blue wool standard sample is divided into eight grades (i.e. 8 numbers), representing 8 light fastness grades. Because the standard sample is easy to use and there is a lot of data to support its use, it can be used to determine the exposure period of rubber light exposure test.
Note: Refer to GB730.
A2 Procedure
A2.1 Place a group of blue wool standard samples numbered from 1 to 8 (levels) near the sample and conduct exposure test at the same time. A2.2 Compare the color difference between the exposed blue wool standard sample and the unexposed blue wool standard sample, and compare it with the color difference level of the "Gray Sample Card for Color Change Assessment". When the color difference of the No. 1 standard sample reaches the color difference of 4 levels of the gray sample card, the radiation dose level (exposure level) is 1/1 level, that is, it reaches the exposure period 1/1 level. When the color difference of the No. 2 standard sample reaches the same color difference of 4 levels, it reaches the exposure period 2/1 level: and so on, until the No. 8 standard sample shows a color difference of 4 levels, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/1 level. A2.3 When the first batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches 8/1 level, replace it with the second batch of newly prepared No. 1 to 8 standard samples, and continue to expose until the second batch of No. 8 standard samples show a color difference of 4 levels of the gray card with the unexposed No. 8 standard samples, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/2 level. A2.4 Discard the second batch of No. 8 standard samples and replace them with the third batch of newly prepared No. 18 standard samples. Continue to expose. When the third batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches a color difference of 4, the exposure period reaches 8/3 level.
Repeat this procedure as needed to obtain 8/4, 8/5, ..., 8/n levels, as listed in Table A1. Table A1 Exposure period (level)
The first batch of blue standard sample No. 1 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 2 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 3 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 4 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 5 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 6 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 7 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The second batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The nth batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels Note
The exposure time for levels 1 to 8/1 is about 1 year in sunlight in a temperate climate. 2 When no better method can be used as an alternative, the continuous exposure method of standard sample No. 8 should be used. 184
B1 Inspection purpose
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix B
(Appendix of the standard)
Inspection method for other appearance changes of the specimen
Observe the changes on the surface of the specimen, identify its aging degree, or provide reference for other performance changes. B2 Tools
B2.1 4~7 times magnifying glass.
Original specimen or other comparison sample.
B3 Inspection cycle
According to the test requirements and the aging of the specimen, regularly check the phenomena on the surface of the specimen. B4
Inspection steps
B4.1 Take back the specimen and keep it in its original state, observe the changes on the surface of the specimen with the naked eye or a magnifying glass, and compare it with the original specimen. B4.2 Record the appearance changes in detail, such as cracks, powdering, precipitates, microbial growth and other items. B4.3 After the inspection, put the specimen back to its original state and continue the test. B5 Test result expression
B5.1 The degree of appearance change is divided into 0 to 3 levels. B5.1.1 The evaluation level of appearance change of unstretched specimens is shown in Table B1. Table B1
B5.1.2 The evaluation level of cracks in tensile specimens is shown in Table B2. Equal
Degree of appearance change
No change
Almost no change
Medium change
Significant change
Degree of crack change
No crack
Almost no crack
Medium crack
Significant crack
Climate type
Tropical climate
Subtropical climate
Temperate climate
Cold temperate climate
Shangyuan climate
Desert climate
Hot climate, high humidity
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Main climate types in my country
Annual total solar radiation 5400MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature ≥8000℃
Annual precipitation>1500mm
Humidity and heat level is inferior to tropical, with many rainy days
Annual total solar radiation 3300MJ/m2~5000MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 8000℃～4500℃
Annual precipitation 1000 mm～~1500 mm
The climate is mild, there is no hot and humid month
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 4500℃~1600℃
Annual precipitation 600mm~700mm
Climate is cold and winter is long
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <1 600 C
Annual precipitation 400mm~600mm
The climate changes greatly, the air pressure is low, and the ultraviolet radiation is strong. Annual total solar radiation 6700MJ/m2~9200MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <2000℃
Annual precipitation <400mm
The climate is extremely dry, with strong winds and sand, hot summer and cold winter, and large temperature difference. Annual total solar radiation 6 300 MJ/m2~~6 700M/m2Annual accumulated temperature <4 000 C
Annual precipitation <100mm
South of Quzhou Peninsula
Hainan Island
Southern Taiwan and other places
South of Yangtze River Liucheng
Sichuan Basin
Northern Taiwan and other places
Qinling Mountains, Huaihe River North
Yellow River Basin
Southern Northeast China and other places
Northern Northeast China
Northern Inner Mongolia
Parts of northern Xinzhai
Qinghai, Tibet and other places
Southern Xinjiang Tamu Basin
Desert areas such as western Inner Mongolia3 Changes in physical properties
The original performance change value is expressed by any of the following methods:) Percentage change of the original value:
Wherein: P--the measured value of the original sample performance; GB/T 35112001
PP×× 100
Px-the measured value of the performance of the original sample after aging. b) Percentage of original value:
c) Performance change:
10Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) Sample description:
1) Sample name, specification, quantity and source; 2) Sample preparation method and process,
b) Test description:
1) Use the name and code of this standard:
2) Explain the exposure site and location, exposure angle: 3) Explain the test sudden exposure time;
4) If the test is conducted under tensile conditions, the degree of stretching should be stated, 5) The nature of the bracket or accessories used;
6) The method of determining the radiation dose;
c) Test results:
1) Test items and test data:
2) Meteorological data or radiation dose:
3) Tester;
4) Reviewer.
·（1）
（2）
+**(3)
A1 Explanation
GB/T 3511--2001
Appendix A
（Appendix to the standard）
Measurement of light dose using blue wool standard
Blue wool standard fabric (referred to as "standard sample") is used to assess the light and weather fastness grades of colored textiles. Because blue dye is sensitive to light radiation and has a certain quantitative relationship, it can be used to determine the radiation dose grade, that is, the exposure period. The blue wool standard sample is divided into eight grades (i.e. 8 numbers), representing 8 light fastness grades. Because the standard sample is easy to use and there is a lot of data to support its use, it can be used to determine the exposure period of rubber light exposure test.
Note: Refer to GB730.
A2 Procedure
A2.1 Place a group of blue wool standard samples numbered from 1 to 8 (levels) near the sample and conduct exposure test at the same time. A2.2 Compare the color difference between the exposed blue wool standard sample and the unexposed blue wool standard sample, and compare it with the color difference level of the "Gray Sample Card for Color Change Assessment". When the color difference of the No. 1 standard sample reaches the color difference of 4 levels of the gray sample card, the radiation dose level (exposure level) is 1/1 level, that is, it reaches the exposure period 1/1 level. When the color difference of the No. 2 standard sample reaches the same color difference of 4 levels, it reaches the exposure period 2/1 level: and so on, until the No. 8 standard sample shows a color difference of 4 levels, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/1 level. A2.3 When the first batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches 8/1 level, replace it with the second batch of newly prepared No. 1 to 8 standard samples, and continue to expose until the second batch of No. 8 standard samples show a color difference of 4 levels of the gray card with the unexposed No. 8 standard samples, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/2 level. A2.4 Discard the second batch of No. 8 standard samples and replace them with the third batch of newly prepared No. 18 standard samples. Continue to expose. When the third batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches a color difference of 4, the exposure period reaches 8/3 level.
Repeat this procedure as needed to obtain 8/4, 8/5, ..., 8/n levels, as listed in Table A1. Table A1 Exposure period (level)
The first batch of blue standard sample No. 1 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 2 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 3 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 4 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 5 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 6 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 7 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The second batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The nth batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels Note
The exposure time for levels 1 to 8/1 is about 1 year in sunlight in a temperate climate. 2 When no better method can be used as an alternative, the continuous exposure method of standard sample No. 8 should be used. 184
B1 Inspection purpose
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix B
(Appendix of the standard)
Inspection method for other appearance changes of the specimen
Observe the changes on the surface of the specimen, identify its aging degree, or provide reference for other performance changes. B2 Tools
B2.1 4~7 times magnifying glass.
Original specimen or other comparison sample.
B3 Inspection cycle
According to the test requirements and the aging of the specimen, regularly check the phenomena on the surface of the specimen. B4
Inspection steps
B4.1 Take back the specimen and keep it in its original state, observe the changes on the surface of the specimen with the naked eye or a magnifying glass, and compare it with the original specimen. B4.2 Record the appearance changes in detail, such as cracks, powdering, precipitates, microbial growth and other items. B4.3 After the inspection, put the specimen back to its original state and continue the test. B5 Test result expression
B5.1 The degree of appearance change is divided into 0 to 3 levels. B5.1.1 The evaluation level of appearance change of unstretched specimens is shown in Table B1. Table B1
B5.1.2 The evaluation level of cracks in tensile specimens is shown in Table B2. Equal
Degree of appearance change
No change
Almost no change
Medium change
Significant change
Degree of crack change
No crack
Almost no crack
Medium crack
Significant crack
Climate type
Tropical climate
Subtropical climate
Temperate climate
Cold temperate climate
Shangyuan climate
Desert climate
Hot climate, high humidity
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Main climate types in my country
Annual total solar radiation 5400MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature ≥8000℃
Annual precipitation>1500mm
Humidity and heat level is inferior to tropical, with many rainy days
Annual total solar radiation 3300MJ/m2~5000MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 8000℃～4500℃
Annual precipitation 1000 mm～~1500 mm
The climate is mild, there is no hot and humid month
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 4500℃~1600℃
Annual precipitation 600mm~700mm
Climate is cold and winter is long
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <1 600 C
Annual precipitation 400mm~600mm
The climate changes greatly, the air pressure is low, and the ultraviolet radiation is strong. Annual total solar radiation 6700MJ/m2~9200MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <2000℃
Annual precipitation <400mm
The climate is extremely dry, with strong winds and sand, hot summer and cold winter, and large temperature difference. Annual total solar radiation 6 300 MJ/m2~~6 700M/m2Annual accumulated temperature <4 000 C
Annual precipitation <100mm
South of Quzhou Peninsula
Hainan Island
Southern Taiwan and other places
South of Yangtze River Liucheng
Sichuan Basin
Northern Taiwan and other places
Qinling Mountains, Huaihe River North
Yellow River Basin
Southern Northeast China and other places
Northern Northeast China
Northern Inner Mongolia
Parts of northern Xinzhai
Qinghai, Tibet and other places
Southern Xinjiang Tamu Basin
Desert areas such as western Inner Mongolia3 Changes in physical properties
The original performance change value is expressed by any of the following methods:) Percentage change of the original value:
Wherein: P--the measured value of the original sample performance; GB/T 35112001
PP×× 100
Px-the measured value of the performance of the original sample after aging. b) Percentage of original value:
c) Performance change:
10Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) Sample description:
1) Sample name, specification, quantity and source; 2) Sample preparation method and process,
b) Test description:
1) Use the name and code of this standard:
2) Explain the exposure site and location, exposure angle: 3) Explain the test sudden exposure time;
4) If the test is conducted under tensile conditions, the degree of stretching should be stated, 5) The nature of the bracket or accessories used;
6) The method of determining the radiation dose;
c) Test results:
1) Test items and test data:
2) Meteorological data or radiation dose:
3) Tester;
4) Reviewer.
·（1）
（2）
+**(3)
A1 Explanation
GB/T 3511--2001
Appendix AwwW.bzxz.Net
（Appendix to the standard）
Measurement of light dose using blue wool standard
Blue wool standard fabric (referred to as "standard sample") is used to assess the light and weather fastness grades of colored textiles. Because blue dye is sensitive to light radiation and has a certain quantitative relationship, it can be used to determine the radiation dose grade, that is, the exposure period. The blue wool standard sample is divided into eight grades (i.e. 8 numbers), representing 8 light fastness grades. Because the standard sample is easy to use and there is a lot of data to support its use, it can be used to determine the exposure period of rubber light exposure test.
Note: Refer to GB730.
A2 Procedure
A2.1 Place a group of blue wool standard samples numbered from 1 to 8 (levels) near the sample and conduct exposure test at the same time. A2.2 Compare the color difference between the exposed blue wool standard sample and the unexposed blue wool standard sample, and compare it with the color difference level of the "Gray Sample Card for Color Change Assessment". When the color difference of the No. 1 standard sample reaches the color difference of 4 levels of the gray sample card, the radiation dose level (exposure level) is 1/1 level, that is, it reaches the exposure period 1/1 level. When the color difference of the No. 2 standard sample reaches the same color difference of 4 levels, it reaches the exposure period 2/1 level: and so on, until the No. 8 standard sample shows a color difference of 4 levels, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/1 level. A2.3 When the first batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches 8/1 level, replace it with the second batch of newly prepared No. 1 to 8 standard samples, and continue to expose until the second batch of No. 8 standard samples show a color difference of 4 levels of the gray card with the unexposed No. 8 standard samples, that is, it reaches the exposure period 8/2 level. A2.4 Discard the second batch of No. 8 standard samples and replace them with the third batch of newly prepared No. 18 standard samples. Continue to expose. When the third batch of No. 8 standard samples reaches a color difference of 4, the exposure period reaches 8/3 level.
Repeat this procedure as needed to obtain 8/4, 8/5, ..., 8/n levels, as listed in Table A1. Table A1 Exposure period (level)
The first batch of blue standard sample No. 1 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 2 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 3 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 4 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 5 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 6 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 7 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The first batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The second batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels The nth batch of blue standard sample No. 8 reaches the gray scale color difference of 4 levels Note
The exposure time for levels 1 to 8/1 is about 1 year in sunlight in a temperate climate. 2 When no better method can be used as an alternative, the continuous exposure method of standard sample No. 8 should be used. 184
B1 Inspection purpose
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix B
(Appendix of the standard)
Inspection method for other appearance changes of the specimen
Observe the changes on the surface of the specimen, identify its aging degree, or provide reference for other performance changes. B2 Tools
B2.1 4~7 times magnifying glass.
Original specimen or other comparison sample.
B3 Inspection cycle
According to the test requirements and the aging of the specimen, regularly check the phenomena on the surface of the specimen. B4
Inspection steps
B4.1 Take back the specimen and keep it in its original state, observe the changes on the surface of the specimen with the naked eye or a magnifying glass, and compare it with the original specimen. B4.2 Record the appearance changes in detail, such as cracks, powdering, precipitates, microbial growth and other items. B4.3 After the inspection, put the specimen back to its original state and continue the test. B5 Test result expression
B5.1 The degree of appearance change is divided into 0 to 3 levels. B5.1.1 The evaluation level of appearance change of unstretched specimens is shown in Table B1. Table B1
B5.1.2 The evaluation level of cracks in tensile specimens is shown in Table B2. Equal
Degree of appearance change
No change
Almost no change
Medium change
Significant change
Degree of crack change
No crack
Almost no crack
Medium crack
Significant crack
Climate type
Tropical climate
Subtropical climate
Temperate climate
Cold temperate climate
Shangyuan climate
Desert climate
Hot climate, high humidity
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Main climate types in my country
Annual total solar radiation 5400MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature ≥8000℃
Annual precipitation>1500mm
Humidity and heat level is inferior to tropical, with many rainy days
Annual total solar radiation 3300MJ/m2~5000MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 8000℃～4500℃
Annual precipitation 1000 mm～~1500 mm
The climate is mild, there is no hot and humid month
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 4500℃~1600℃
Annual precipitation 600mm~700mm
Climate is cold and winter is long
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <1 600 C
Annual precipitation 400mm~600mm
The climate changes greatly, the air pressure is low, and the ultraviolet radiation is strong. Annual total solar radiation 6700MJ/m2~9200MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <2000℃
Annual precipitation <400mm
The climate is extremely dry, with strong winds and sand, hot summer and cold winter, and large temperature difference. Annual total solar radiation 6 300 MJ/m2~~6 700M/m2Annual accumulated temperature <4 000 C
Annual precipitation <100mm
South of Quzhou Peninsula
Hainan Island
Southern Taiwan and other places
South of Yangtze River Liucheng
Sichuan Basin
Northern Taiwan and other places
Qinling Mountains, Huaihe River North
Yellow River Basin
Southern Northeast China and other places
Northern Northeast China
Northern Inner Mongolia
Parts of northern Xinzhai
Qinghai, Tibet and other places
Southern Xinjiang Tamu Basin
Desert areas such as western Inner Mongolia2 The evaluation grade of cracks in tensile specimens is shown in Table B2. Equal
Appearance change degree
No change
Almost no change
Medium change
Significant change
Crack change degree
No crack
Almost no crack
Medium crack
Significant crack
Climate type
Tropical climate
Subtropical climate
Temperate climate
Cold temperate climate
Shangyuan climate
Desert climate
Hot climate, high humidity
GB/T 3511—2001
Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Main climate types in my country
Annual total solar radiation 5400MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature ≥8000℃
Annual precipitation>1500mm
Humidity and heat level is inferior to tropical, with many rainy days
Annual total solar radiation 3300MJ/m2~5000MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 8000℃～4500℃
Annual precipitation 1000 mm～~1500 mm
The climate is mild, there is no hot and humid month
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature 4500℃~1600℃
Annual precipitation 600mm~700mm
Climate is cold and winter is long
Annual total solar radiation 4600MJ/m2~5800MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <1 600 C
Annual precipitation 400mm~600mm
The climate changes greatly, the air pressure is low, and the ultraviolet radiation is strong. Annual total solar radiation 6700MJ/m2~9200MJ/m2Annual accumulated temperature <2000℃
Annual precipitation <400mm
The climate is extremely dry, with strong winds and sand, hot summer and cold winter, and large temperature difference. Annual total solar radiation 6 300 MJ/m2~~6 700M/m2Annual accumulated temperature <4 000 C
Annual precipitation <100mm
South of Quzhou Peninsula
Hainan Island
Southern Taiwan and other places
South of Yangtze River Liucheng
Sichuan Basin
Northern Taiwan and other places
Qinling Mountains, Huaihe River North
Yellow River Basin
Southern Northeast China and other places
Northern Northeast China
Northern Inner Mongolia
Parts of northern Xinzhai
Qinghai, Tibet and other places
Southern Xinjiang Tamu Basin
Desert areas such as western Inner Mongolia
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