The specification for marine monitoringPart7:Ecological survey of offshore pollution and biological monitoring
Some standard content:
GB 17378.7
This standard is the seventh part of the "Ocean Monitoring Specifications", which is revised on the basis of the industry standard HY003.9-91. This standard specifies the methods and technical requirements for offshore pollution ecological investigation and biological monitoring in marine monitoring. G 17378.1
GB 17378,2
GB 17378.3—1998
CB 17378.4—1998
GB 17378.5
Ocean Monitoring Specifications
Ocean Monitoring Specifications
Ocean Monitoring Specifications
Ocean Monitoring Specifications
3 Ocean Monitoring Specifications
GB 17378.6—1998
GB 17378.7—1998 Ocean Monitoring Specifications Part I: General Principles Part 2: Quality Control of Data Processing and Analysis Part 3: Sample Collection, Storage and Transportation Part 4: Seawater Analysis Part 5: Sediment Analysis Part 6 Part: Biological analysis
Part: Ecological survey of offshore pollution and biological monitoringAppendix A and Appendix B of this standard are the summary. This standard is proposed by the State Oceanic Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Haixiang Standard and Metrology Center. This standard was drafted by the Third Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhang Shuimei, Hong Junchao, Zhang Chunming, Xu Kuncan, Mai Weiyue, Hui Tao. 71G
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specification for rarine monitoringPart7:Ecological survey of offshore pollution and biological monitoringScope
GB 17378.71998
This standard specifies the technical requirements for sample collection, experiments, analysis, data collation and other methods for ecological investigation and biological monitoring of offshore pollution. This standard is applicable to the agronomic investigation, monitoring and evaluation of offshore environmental pollution. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GR17378.1—1998 Marine Monitoring Specifications Part 1: General Provisions GB17378.2—1998 Marine Monitoring Specifications
Part 2: Data Processing and Analysis Quality Control Marine Monitoring Specifications
CB 17378.3 1998
GB17378.4-—1998
GB 17378.5-1998
GB 17378. 6
GH12763-91
3 Definitions
Ocean Monitoring Specifications
Ocean Monitoring Specifications
Ocean Blue Survey Specifications
Ocean Survey Specifications
This standard adopts the following definitions
3.1 Biological Monitoring Biological Monitoring Part 3: Sample Collection, Storage and Transportation Part 4: Seawater Analysis
Part 5: Sediment Analysis
Part 6: Organism Analysis
A method of evaluating and judging the health of the environment by using the responses of different levels of organisms such as individuals, populations, communities, or different levels of organisms (organs, cells, sub-cells, etc.) to changes in environmental quality. 3.2 Monitoring Organisms Monitoring Organisms Regularly take a certain type of organism or a certain kind of organism as the object, analyze and determine the content of pollutants in its body to reflect the temporal and spatial changes of environmental pollution. These biological objects are called monitoring organisms. Currently, the organisms used for monitoring include oysters, shellfish, and oysters. 3.3 Index Organism
Refers to the species of organisms that can reflect a special ecological environment, such as; species that have a strong fear of a certain pollutant or species that are sensitive to a certain pollutant.
3.4# Loxicity Test
The test that subjects the organism to the test conditions, applies the influence of pollutants, and then observes and measures the abnormal or dead effects of the organism. Including acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity tests.
Approved by the National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau on June 22, 1998, 716
Implemented on January 1, 1999
3.5 Specific Dosage
GB 17378.7-1998
Usually refers to the single toxicant that enters the human body. However, when conducting aquatic biological toxicity tests, + can also be used to indicate the concentration of pollutants dissolved in the test seawater.
3. 6 Effectivity
The phenomenon that the toxicant acts on the organism and causes various abnormal or death reactions in the organism. 3. 7 Test solution tes1. splution
The dilution of different concentrations of the sample of the sewage gate used for toxicity test. 3. Dihutianwww.bzxz.net
The degree of dilution of the test solution (multiple).
3.9 Test organism tesl otganism
The organism used for toxicity test. The test organism is usually required to be a species that is relatively sensitive to the test toxicant. 3.10 Testing time testing tire
Or called toxicity time. Refers to the time range from when the test organisms are in direct contact with the test solution. 3.11 Half lethal concentration is the concentration of a substance that causes 50% of the test organisms to die during a certain observation period. It is expressed in 1Cs. For example: 48h-L(s) refers to the concentration that kills 50% of the test organisms after a 48h toxicity test. 3.12 Half effect concentration is the concentration of the poison that causes 50% of the test organisms to have some abnormal reaction (such as avoidance, changes in feeding rate and breathing rate, loss of balance, etc.) during a certain observation period. It is expressed as EC. For example: 96h-EC refers to the concentration that causes 50% of the test organisms to have abnormal reactions after a 96h toxicity test.
4 General provisions
4.1 Topics and methods
4.1.1 Ecological survey of plankton
4.1.2 Ecological survey of large bottom-stalked organisms
4.1.3 Ecological survey of intertidal zone organisms
4.1.4 Chlorophyll a 4.1.5 Detection of coliform bacteria
Fermentation method
Filter membrane method
4.1.6 Determination of total bacterial count
Plate count method
Direct counting method under fluorescence microscope
4.1.7 Toxicity test of 4-drug
4.1.8 Fish avoidance reaction test
4.1.9 Determination of feeding rate
4.1. 10. Detection of red tide pollutants
Appendix A (suggestive appendix): Commonly used evaluation methods for pollution ecological survey data. Appendix B (suggestive appendix): Table of culture conditions for spawning and larval stages of several test animals. 4.2 Explanation
4.2.1 In the investigation and monitoring, the biological investigation and monitoring content should be carefully considered according to the purpose, task and nature. Generally speaking, in the baseline (GB17378.7-1998) survey and comprehensive evaluation of environmental quality, 4.1.1~4.1.6 are required to be tested; in the hazard investigation and monitoring of sewage outlets, slope areas, offshore oil development areas, etc., 4.1.7~1.1 can be optionally tested. .9: The detection of red tide poisoning - paralytic shellfish poisoning is usually only used in regular monitoring of red tide-prone areas and areas with high red tide incidence, or when suspected paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) poisoning incidents are found. 4.2.2 Polluted dust survey data often use the review method (Appendix A). It should be used with caution. Compare the results obtained by several methods as much as possible, and combine with traditional ecological description methods for comprehensive analysis. 4.2.3 The parent production and larval stage culture conditions of several test animals (see Appendix B) are very regional in nature. When using them for toxicity tests in various places, necessary trial cultivation should be carried out. 4.2.4 In biological micro-testing, the determination of the accumulation of pollutants in organisms (monitoring animals) is also one of the main contents. Its analytical determination method can be found in GB 17378.6.
5 Plankton Ecological Survey
5.1 Survey Content and Methods
5.1.1 Survey Content
5. 1. 1. 1 Biological Survey
Species composition and quantity distribution of phytoplankton; biomass, species composition and quantity distribution of zooplankton. 5.1.1.2 Environmental Survey
Consider survey and monitoring projects according to the purpose and type of pollution survey and the nature of pollution sources. Environmental survey and monitoring of red tides should especially consider the determination of nutrients (N, P, Si), dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, pH, water color, trace heavy metals iron and manganese, chlorophyll α, etc. 5. 1.2 Survey Type
5.1.2.1 Current Status Survey (or Basic Survey) Grasp the ecological status of plankton species composition, quantity distribution, vertical changes, etc. in the surveyed sea area. Provide background information for pollution ecological monitoring and evaluation of the sea area.
The station layout of this type of survey should be consistent with the environmental monitoring station layout. If the stations are densely spaced, the work area is too large, and sampling of plankton can be considered between stations. The survey time is best conducted once a month during the fire tide. 5.1.2.2 Monitoring survey
Study the dynamics of plankton (especially red tide species) in polluted sea areas, especially in red tide-prone areas, and their relationship with the environment. Through long-term data accumulation, make necessary preparations for the prediction and forecast of the environment and red tides. For this type of survey, the station layout should not be too many. On the basis of the current situation survey, several "hot spots" can be selected to set up stations for regular sampling and analysis. If abnormalities are found, pay close attention to their trends, increase the number of surveys appropriately, and conduct a comparison according to the current situation survey station. Generally, it is conducted once during each high tide. During the red tide period (4-10 hours), the survey and monitoring is conducted once every 5 days, and a control station is set up. 5.1.2.3 Emergency monitoring is the emergency action taken in the event of an unexpected pollution accident (such as oil spill) or an accident. Inspection and monitoring must be carried out by taking samples on site as soon as possible and continue until the visual signs disappear. Sampling should be done every day or every other day. The station layout should be determined according to the scope of pollution or accident and the gradient change. At the same time, 1 to 2 stations should be selected outside the accident scope for comparison. 5.1.3 Survey method 5.1.3.1 Water sampling For phytoplankton survey, only water samples need to be collected. For shallow seas with a water depth of less than 15m, samples should be collected from the surface and bottom layers with a depth of 15m below the surface, middle and bottom. If detailed information on its vertical distribution is required, samples can be collected at 0, 3, 5, 10.15m and bottom layers. When it is necessary to conduct continuous observation at night, samples can be collected layer by layer every 2h (or 3h). 5.1.3.2 Trawl
Usually used for sampling zooplankton. Net trawl sampling of zooplankton can be used when detailed analysis of species composition is required. Generally, it is only necessary to use the specified nets to conduct vertical trawl sampling from the seabed to the water surface. If it is necessary to understand its vertical distribution, vertical self-layered trawl can be conducted at levels of 5-0m, 10-5m, bottom-10m718
GB 17378. 7.- 1998
. If continuous observation is required day and night, it should be consistent with the time interval for sampling phytoplankton. 5.2 Marine Survey
5.2.1 Sampling Tools and Equipment
5.2.1.1 Water Sampler, used to collect phytoplankton samples. Shear-down water sampler:
Card-cover water sampler: structure see Figure 1.
5.2.1.2 Nets
Shallow water type I plankton net: used to collect large zooplankton, fish eggs, fry, etc. Specifications are shown in Table 1 and Figure 2. - Shallow water type I plankton net: used to collect medium and small zooplankton. Specifications are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3; Shallow water type plankton net: used to collect phytoplankton samples for analysis of species composition, specifications are shown in Table 3 and Figure 4 12
1--Internal hook: 2-Card cover: 3-Gold ring: 1:~Gold thick movable see + 5-Handle + 6--Elastic meal 17-Fixed wire 8-Valve, 9-Touch fiber: 10-Upper hook: 1-Push wax sheet, 12-Lower bet; 13 Pin wire rope; 14-Replacement tension: 15-Water collection tube, 16 Water outlet; 17.-Steel wire; 18-Short Figure] Card cover water collector
Table 1 Shallow water type plankton net specifications
Net mouth
Source part
Net separation part
Leaf new material
Inner diameter 50 cm, net mouth area C. 20 ㎡, two pictures with 10mm diameter steel bar
length 5 cm, fine canvas
length 135mQ14 or JP sieve m
diameter cm, length 5cm, fine canvas
net mouth
head male part
over-swelling part
net rot part
net mouth
over-end part
net bottom
[2 Shallow water type plankton net
5. 2. 1. 3 Net bottom back
GB 17378.7-1998
Table 2 Water type plankton net specifications
size and materials
Inner diameter 31.6cm, net mouth area 0.8m,
net display with diameter 10 rtim's national Xie
length 35cm, fine canvas, middle diameter 50cm, net with round strip of 10mm diameter, length 101cm, C36 or JPa hoof group
diameter 9 cm, length 5ca fine cloth
Table 3 Specifications of shallow water type I floating dust net
Dimensions and materials
Inner diameter 37c, mesh area 0.1rn,
Net with round strip of 10mm diameter
length 5cm + fine canvas
length 130cm, JFa or JPm sieve group
diameter 9 cm, length 5cm, fine canvas
Figure Shallow water [type plankton net
Figure 4 Shallow water [type plankton net
The device for collecting specimens at the end of the plankton net, the structure is shown in Figure 5. Its outer diameter is 9cm, and the screen sleeve used is consistent with the screen group of the plankton net.
5.2.1.4 Locking device
A device for controlling the closing of the plankton net during layered collection. The structure and use of the commonly used QQC2-2 type locking device are shown in Figure 6.
5.2.1.5 Flow meter
A device for measuring the water filtration volume of the plankton net, the structure of which is shown in Figure 8. When in use, it is installed at the midpoint of the radius of the net mouth, and its impeller is driven to rotate by the water flow. The recorder records the number of revolutions. After necessary conversion, the actual amount of water flowing through the net can be calculated. Flow meters that have not been calibrated by the manufacturer should be calibrated on-site in a semi-quiet sea area before use. The calibration method is to install the flow meter on the net circle without a net according to the actual position when it is used, and vertically drag it from a certain depth (10㎡ or 301) to the surface according to the actual trawl speed during sampling, and record its number of revolutions. Repeat this process 5-10 times, get the average value, and then calculate the flow rate per revolution, which is the flow meter calibration value. This value 721
must retain at least three significant figures.
1-pressure ring at the bottom of the connecting net;
2-pressure ring at the fixed screen period
Figure 3-screen discard
Figure 5-net bottom pipe
GB 17378.7-199B
1-hit; 2-safety hole 1B-latch pin 1
4-bright body: 5-locking pin: 6-safety hook + 7-wire rope hanging front 18-unloading state
Figure 6 QQC2-2 type locking device structure schematic diagram
A sampling state, B closed state, 1. Make: 2. Make wire rope; 3-locking device 4 net mouth electric fine, 5-blocking rope + 6 visual book【to clean hungry biological net 7-net bottom pipe + 8-sinking chain
Figure 7 QQC2-2 type net and its use of locking device
5.2.1.6 Shipboard equipment
CB 17378.7-1998
1-shaft sampling 12-impeller: 3-liter number; 43, ring; 5~stop block piece; 6 flow piece, shoulder piece: 8 Flow diversion diagram; 9-body; 10-worm gear support frame 8WQS1-type flowmeter structure diagram
Winch, boom and wire rope: The winch should be equipped with a variable speed (0.3-1.5m/) electric winch with a relay device and a counter. If this equipment is missing, it can be replaced by a lifting or broadcasting winch on the building. The wire rope diameter is generally about 4.8mm. The boom installation needs to be 3 m from the ship. The span is about 1 m.
Flushing equipment: water pump, water pump, water catcher and water absorption ball (large ear washing ball). Lighting equipment: used for night operation lighting. 5.2.1.7 Other tools and equipment are shown in Table 4. 5.2.2 Sample collection
5.2.2.1 Preparation before going to sea
5.2.2.1.1 According to the survey items, number of stations, and levels, as listed in 4, prepare enough sampling tools and various numbered specimen bottles, fixatives, record sheets, etc., pack them on board and place them in the appropriate place to avoid collision and loss: 5.2.2.1.2 Carefully check whether the equipment on board is operating normally. If there is any fault, it should be eliminated or replaced in time; 5.2.2.1.3 Prepare fixative
Phytoplankton is fixed with iodine solution. The preparation method is to dissolve iodine tablets (I) in 5% potassium iodide (KI) solution to make a saturated solution. The required amount is prepared by adding 6-~-8 mL of this pancreatic juice per liter of water sample. Zooplankton is fixed with 5% formaldehyde, which does not need to be prepared in advance. Just add formaldehyde solution to about 5% of the capacity of the specimen bottle. 5.2.2.2 Preparation before arrival
5.2.2.2.1 Collectors must arrive at their workstations in advance, check the net and its accessories, record sheets and other related equipment again to see if they are complete, and deal with any problems in a timely manner!
5.2.2.2.2 Boat! When arriving at the station, first check the station position, wait for the boat to stop, measure its actual water depth, determine the sampling layer and the length of the wire rope to be extended.
5.2.2.3 Sampling
5.2.2.3.1 Phytoplankton water sampling nest
1) Use a water sampler or a Kagaiwu water sampler. Its use and operation steps are similar to those of the water quality project. 2) The sampling level is determined according to the survey needs, plan regulations and the actual water depth of each station in the sea area. 3) The water sampling must be synchronized with the incoming water of the chlorophyll a and water quality projects. 722
1) The required water sample volume is generally 500mL.
GB17378.7-1998
5) After sampling, 6-8mL of chopstick liquid should be added to each liter of water sample. 5.2.2.3.2 Vertical trawling: Use shallow water type 1 and 1 plankton nets to vertically trawle from the bottom to collect zooplankton. If phytoplankton needs to be collected, use shallow water type II nets. The operation steps are as follows: 1) Lowering the net: Before lowering the net, check whether the net has magnetic signals. If it is damaged, repair or replace the net in time: Check whether the bottom pipe and flow meter of the net are in normal state, and adjust the flow pointer to zero; put the net into the water, and when the net mouth is close to the water surface, adjust the counter pointer to zero; after the net mouth is in the water, the speed of lowering the net generally cannot exceed 1 meter/s, and the wire rope is kept tight and straight; when the net is close to the seabed, the winch should slow down, and when it sinks to the bottom and the steel wire is loose, it should be stopped immediately and the rope length should be recorded. 2) Lifting the net: After the net reaches the seabed, it can be lifted immediately, and the speed should be kept at about 0.5m/s: Do not stop before the net mouth is exposed to the water; When the net is out of the water, it should be slowed down and stopped in time to prevent the net from hitting the bottom of the boat or the clamp ring from hitting the pulley, so that the steel wire rope is twisted and broken, and the net is lost. 3) Sample collection: Raise the net to an appropriate height, and use a flushing device to repeatedly flush the outer surface of the net from top to bottom (do not allow the flushing seawater to enter the net, so that the specimens adhering to the net are concentrated in the bottom tube of the net; put the net into the deck, open the bottom tube door of the net, put the specimens into the specimen bottle, and then close the valve of the bottom tube of the net, use an ear bulb to absorb water and rinse the sieve silk cover, and repeat this process until all the remaining specimens are collected in the specimen bottle. 4) Sample fixation: Add formaldehyde drop according to 5% of the sample volume. 5.2.2.3.3 Layered trawling: If layered nest sampling is required, a stomach group lock must be installed on the net, and samples must be collected one by one according to the specified layers. The operating steps are as follows: 1) Lowering the net: Before lowering the net, the net, lock, wire rope, waist rope, etc. must be in a normal sampling state (Figure 7A). When lowering the net, follow the vertical trawling method.
2) Raising the net: When the net reaches the lower boundary of the predetermined sampling water layer, the net should be raised immediately. The speed should be the same as vertical trawling. When the net reaches the appropriate sampling water layer, the speed should be slowed down (avoid stopping to prevent the spillage of samples), and the net should be lowered in advance (the advance amount is about 1m for every 10m of water depth). When the wire rope is loose or vibrating, it means that the net is closed (record the absolute length at this time), and the speed of raising the net can be appropriately increased until the net is exposed to the water surface; after that, the locked net (Figure 7B) is restored to the sampling state, and the net should be flushed and the specimens collected and fixed according to the vertical trawling method. 3) Records at sea: After the collection of various samples, Tables 5 and 6 should be filled in in detail in a timely manner. All records at sea should be well preserved to prevent moisture or loss.
5.2.2. 3.4 Precautions
- If the inclination angle of the net exceeds 45°, the sinker should be added and the sampling should be repeated; if the net mouth scrapes the bottom of the ship or the seabed, the sampling should be repeated. 5.2.2.3.5 Post-survey work
1) All samples should be transported in a firm specimen box. 2) Used nets, stoppers and flow meters should be rinsed with fresh water, dried and stored. 3) Winch, wire abalone, counter and other belts should be wiped, oiled and maintained. 5.3 Sample arrangement and analysis
5.3.1 Sample arrangement
5.3.1.1 Verification
According to the above record sheet, carefully check all collected samples. If any discrepancy is found, the cause should be found in time and the original record should not be changed arbitrarily. 5.3.1.2 Numbering
According to the marine collection records, each type of sample shall be numbered in sequence and filled in the plankton specimen registration form (Table 7). The total number shall be as concise as possible and shall be represented by letters or codes that can represent the sample collection area, collection method, collection net, collection year and specimen serial number. The regulations are as follows:
5.3.1.2.1 Collection area: It shall be represented by the first letter of the Chinese phonetic alphabet of the survey area. The Chaohai, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea are represented by B, H, T) and N respectively.
5.3.1.2.2 Survey method and nets:
1--Shallow water type I plankton net vertical trawl sample; 723
GB 17378.71998
Ⅱ-Shallow water type I plankton net vertical trawl sample; I-Night continuous irrigation sample
ch·-Vertical layered collection sample:
S-Phytoplankton water sample.
5.3.1.2.3 Years are indicated in Arabic numerals. 5.3.1.3 Labels
One outer label, written in the order of the total number, affixed to the outside of each specimen bottle, and coated with wax or resin for protection. One inner label: Fill in the following label sample and put it into each specimen bottle. General number
Offshore number
5.3.2 Processing and analysis of floating plant samples (Specification cmj4×2.5)
Species identification and counting of phytoplankton water samples are generally analyzed according to the sampling layer. If time does not allow, mixed sample counting can be used without affecting the requirements of the plan, that is, equal amounts (50 or 100mL) of each layer are mixed, and then processed and analyzed according to the following method. 5.3.2.1 Anti-degradation counting method
5.3.2.1.1 Main instruments and equipment include microscopes, sedimentation vessels, glass slides, counters, etc. The basic structure of the sedimentation vessel is shown in Figure 9, h, including the bottom plate, sedimentation tube, drainage holes and cover glass, etc. The specifications are 5, 10, 20, 50, 100ml and other different volumes. If there is no sedimentation, you can make a simple sedimentation device by yourself. Just take an organic corrugated glass tube with an inner diameter of 25mml (outer diameter of about 32mm) and a height of 20.4mm and stick it on a 43mm×40mm slide (its volume is 10nL), see Figure 9 c. Similarly, you can make simple sedimentation screens of other specifications. However, before use, you need to accurately calibrate its volume and bottom area, and "number it. 2A
a—Overall appearance, 1—Anti-degradation tube 12—Bottom plate: 3—Drainage hole b—Schematic diagram of bottom plate structure, 1—Sedimentation trough: 2-.-Drainage hole: 3-Flat plate: 4 Glass slide 5—Bottom cover—Picking sensor sedimentation device!
Figure 9 Sedimentation device
GB 17378.7-1998
5.3.2.1.2 Counting: Three subsamples should be taken for each water sample and counted, and the average value should be taken. Counting operation process: 1) Take three sedimentators of equal volume, fill them with the shaken water sample respectively, cover them with coverslips to remove bubbles, and let them stand for more than 24 hours. The subsample volume should be determined according to the turbidity of the water sample and the abundance of phytoplankton. You can prepare several samples to be counted at the same time. 2) Gently move the above-mentioned sedimentator under an inverted microscope for adjustment and counting. When the number of phytoplankton is small, all should be counted in the direction of the arrow in Figure 10: If the number is large or the counting is thin, the number of cells on a certain area can be calculated in the direction of the arrow in Figure 10 b under a high-power microscope, and then converted to the total number of cells on the entire bottom area according to the counted area. Fill in the identification and counting results in Table 8. a-Counting under a low-power microscope; b- Counting under high-screen microscope Figure 10 Phytoplankton counting under inverted microscope 5.3.2.2 Direct counting method
This method is suitable for counting during the period of red tide or when the number of phytoplankton cells reaches more than 105 per liter. 5.3.2.2.1 Main instruments and equipment: microscope, counting frame, sampling tube, cover glass, etc. Counting cabinet, take 0.25mm original phytoplankton slices, cut them into thin strips (about 2.5lml wide), and paste them on ordinary slides according to the patterns in Figures 9 to 11: Make sure that the lengths of the sides in the frame are 50.0mm and 20,0mm, that is, the area in the frame is 1000mm2, and the volume is 0.25ml. For the convenience of counting, 1mm or 0.5mm equidistant vertical lines should be engraved on the glass slide in the frame. Sampling tube: You can directly use a 0.25ml. micro-injection needle, or take a 2ml analytical wave transfer tube, cut off the upper end, grind it in half, and install a small locust ball.
Figure 11 Phytoplankton counting frame
5.3.2.2.2 Counting: Count three samples for each water sample and take the average value. Counting operation steps: 1) Hook the water sample to be counted, accurately draw 0.25tl. and place it in the counting frame, cover it with a cover sheet to prevent bubbles, 2) Move the counting frame to identify and count under a microscope. Normally, all the samples should be counted in sequence. If the number is large, consider counting at intervals (if the water sample is fresh water with a stabilizing agent added, a small amount of aldehyde vapor should be sprayed into the frame before counting to prevent certain biological activities from affecting the counting). 3) Fill in the counting results in Table 8.
5.3.2.3 Concentration ring counting method
5.3.2.3.1 Instruments and equipment: Similar to the direct counting method. 5.3.2.3.2 Counting operation steps:
1) For water samples that have been left to stand for more than 24 hours, use a pipette wrapped with a JF or JP sieve group to gently remove the supernatant and concentrate the water sample to 10ml-. Do not stir the precipitated sample during concentration, otherwise it needs to be left to stand for another 24 hours before concentrating. Usually, it is impossible to concentrate to 10ml at a time. Transfer the water sample concentrated to a certain volume to a finger-shaped tube of about 50mL and concentrate it after standing for more than 24 hours. 2) Transfer all the concentrated samples to a finger-shaped tube marked with 10mL volume. After standing for 24 hours, use a pipette to gently suck out the excess liquid so that the concave part is just on the mark.
GB 17378.7 -1998
3) When counting and sampling, the water sample must be fully shaken, and the sampling tube is quickly sucked into the counting frame. 25mL, cover with a drum piece to prevent bubbles. The subsequent counting method is similar to the direct counting method. Fill in the counting results in Table 8. 4) The net sample can be appropriately concentrated (or diluted) and counted according to this method. 5.3.2.4 Notes on counting
When counting, generally count by species. Dominant species, common species, and red tide organisms should be identified to the species. Any remnants that have lost color or are less than half are not counted. Species that are difficult to count, such as colloid groups and planktonic orchids, can be indicated by number level symbols (++++, +++, +). For benthic species that enter the zooplankton, count them by cells and list them as single items in the total phytoplankton. When filling in the form, special attention should be paid to the water sample volume, sedimentation volume, concentration volume (or dilution volume), counting area or counting volume of different counting methods, and necessary conversions should be made.
5. 3.3 Processing and analysis of zooplankton samples After the zooplankton samples are allowed to settle, they are concentrated as necessary and transferred to specimen bottles with internal and external labels in order to determine their biomass and counts.
5. 3. 3. ]Wet weight biomass determination
5.3.3.1.1Instruments and equipment: Torsion balance (sensitivity 0.01g), vacuum pump (10L), Buchner full bucket, suction bottle, sieve silk (JF or JP), absorbent paper, straw, sieve, etc.
5.3.3.1.2 Operation steps:
1) Sieve silk calibration: Cut the above sieve silk to the same size as the inner diameter of the funnel, soak it and put it in the funnel, use a vacuum pump to remove the excess water on the sieve silk, weigh the wet weight of the sieve silk and record it in Table 9. The calibrated sieve group can be used repeatedly. 2) Sample measurement: Spread the calibrated sieve silk in the funnel, start the vacuum pump, and pour the sample to be measured that has been separated from the impurities; after the water is filtered out, turn off the vacuum pump: Carefully take out the sieve silk with the sample and place it on absorbent paper to absorb excess water; weigh the sample (together with the sieve group) on a flat plate and fill the result in the corresponding column of Table 10, 5. 3. 3. 2 Volume biomass determination
5.3.3.2.1 Instruments and equipment; plankton volume measuring device (Figure 12), 50ml. titration back, vacuum table (10L), filter, pipette, etc.
h. Structure diagram
1-pointer + 2-fixing screw: 3-upper limit = 4 tube; 5-pin sleeve: 6-bottom: 7-water filling hole Figure 12 Plankton volume measuring device
5. 3. 3.2.2 Operation process:
1) Volume calibration of measuring device; inject a certain volume of water (such as 50.0mL) into the volumetric device, and remove the bubbles between the bottom cover and the sieve; rotate the top pointer of the measuring device so that the needle father just touches the surface, and fix the pointer position with a fixed frequency wire; open the bottom cover, pour out the injected water, and calibrate it.Structure diagram
1-pointer+2-fixing screw: 3-upper limit=4 tube; 5th pin sleeve: 6-bottom: 7-water filling hole Figure 12 Plankton volume measuring device
5. 3. 3.2.2 Operation process:
1) Calibration of measuring device volume; Pour a certain volume of water (such as 50.0mL.) into the volume avoider, and remove the bubbles between the bottom cover and the sieve; Rotate the top pointer of the meter to make the needle just touch the surface, and fix the pointer position with a fixed frequency wire; Open the bottom cover, pour out the injected water, and calibrate it.Structure diagram
1-pointer+2-fixing screw: 3-upper limit=4 tube; 5th pin sleeve: 6-bottom: 7-water filling hole Figure 12 Plankton volume measuring device
5. 3. 3.2.2 Operation process:
1) Calibration of measuring device volume; Pour a certain volume of water (such as 50.0mL.) into the volume avoider, and remove the bubbles between the bottom cover and the sieve; Rotate the top pointer of the meter to make the needle just touch the surface, and fix the pointer position with a fixed frequency wire; Open the bottom cover, pour out the injected water, and calibrate it.
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