This standard specifies the basic principles and technical requirements for patient protection during external beam radiotherapy. This standard applies to external beam radiotherapy practice using medical electron accelerators, teletherapy gamma ray machines and therapeutic X-ray machines. It does not apply to close-range therapy, including intracavitary, patch and interstitial therapy. GB 16362-1996 Standard for Radiological Health Protection of Patients During External Beam Radiotherapy GB16362-1996 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Radiological protection standard for patients in external beam radiotherapy: patient's external beam radiotherapy
Subject content and scope of application
GB 16362—1996
This standard specifies the basic principles and technical requirements for the protection of patients in external beam radiotherapy (hereinafter referred to as external beam radiotherapy). This standard applies to the actual external beam radiotherapy using medical electronic intensifiers, teletherapy γ-ray machines and therapeutic X-ray machines. It does not apply to brachytherapy, including intravitreal, intraocular and intravascular therapy. 2 Reference standards bzxz.net
(H1792 Modification of the basic standard for radiation health protection
GI W2 Medical treatment X-ray health protection regulations GB W3 Medical teletherapy Y-ray health protection regulations (HW1 Medical high energy X-ray and electron beam health protection regulations 3 * language
3.1 Blocks
can block the radiation beam to modify the shape of the radiation field, prevent the expansion of normal tissue or modify the dose distribution to shoot blocks of different shapes and thicknesses. 3.2 Target area
In radiotherapy, the irradiation is given according to a certain time and dose model to the clinical tumor, subclinical lesions and the range of possible tumor spread. 4 Basic principles of protection in external radiotherapy 4.1 The radiotherapy doctor must analyze the patient's tumor diagnosis, staging and treatment methods based on the results of clinical examinations, select the best treatment case, and formulate the best treatment plan 4. 2 Benign diseases should not be treated with radiotherapy. Strictly control the resumption of radiotherapy for benign diseases that are sensitive to radiotherapy. 4.3 Under the premise of ensuring that the tumor can obtain an accurate lethal dose and effectively suppress or eliminate it, appropriate technical measures should be taken according to the condition of the lesion and the positive tissues and organs inside and outside the radiation field to minimize the absorbed agent, so as to obtain the greatest possible therapeutic benefit. 4.4 The radiotherapist must regularly check and analyze the status of the treatment and plan the treatment according to the needs of the disease. Pay attention to the radiation reactions that may occur during external radiotherapy and possible radiation injuries, and take necessary medical protection measures. 4.5 The equipment, venues and environment used for external radiotherapy must comply with the relevant radiation safety standards. Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on May 23, 1996 138
Implementation on December 1, 1996
5 Requirements for radiotherapy units
GB 16362-1996
5.1 There must be a qualified radiation therapy physician, medical staff and radiation therapy technicians. In addition to the relevant academic qualifications, they must also undergo radiation therapy professional and radiation protection knowledge training and qualification assessment. 5.2 It is necessary to ensure that the radiation therapy equipment is in good working order, and the electrical performance, dose point monitoring system, frequency system and anti-diffusion performance meet the requirements to avoid accidents.
5.3 A dose meter and necessary radiation protection detection instruments must be equipped to measure the output of the radiation therapy equipment. 5.4 A quality assurance plan must be formulated and implemented to ensure the implementation of external beam therapy from the perspective of quality management procedures and quality control. 6 Requirements for external beam radiotherapy equipment
61 External beam radiotherapy equipment must comply with the technical requirements of GB/T2, GB/T3 and GB/T4. 6.2 The safety and protection performance of external beam radiotherapy equipment must be guaranteed during installation, commissioning, acceptance testing, regular testing, routine maintenance and corrective repair.
6.3 Before putting into use, new external beam radiotherapy equipment installed and repaired, the performance, safety and performance of the equipment must be fully tested.
6.4 External beam radiotherapy equipment in regular use must be inspected and maintained regularly. Parts should be replaced regularly in strict accordance with the requirements of the production unit. When the equipment is not working properly, it should be stopped immediately and carefully tested. It is forbidden to conduct treatment when the equipment is in stable working condition.
6.5 The radiotherapy department shall designate qualified radiotherapeutic personnel to be responsible for the inspection and maintenance of the radiotherapy equipment. It is strictly forbidden for unrelated personnel to arbitrarily change the internal working state of the equipment. The interlocking system must be ensured to work properly. 7 Requirements for external radiotherapy operation
7.1 Before the first external beam radiotherapy, the superior or another radiotherapist must be responsible for checking the treatment plan. 7.2 The radiotherapist should accurately position the lesion tissue and make irradiation field marks on the surface of the patient's irradiated skin. Before the first external radiotherapy, the supervising radiotherapist must guide the radiotherapy technician to accurately position and implement the irradiation plan. 7.3 During the radiotherapy, the radiotherapist must carefully check the dose monitor readings of the dose-based device formulated by the radiation therapy technician to ensure that the irradiated area of ​​the patient and normal tissue are within the specified range. 7.4 During external radiotherapy, the tumor position and dose distribution must be adjusted continuously. Filter plates and tissue compensation blocks must be used to measure tissue inhomogeneity, the influence of the body curvature or oblique radiation on the dose distribution, and the treatment requirements must be met to ensure that the target area absorbs dose uniformity within 5%. 7.5 Suitable radiation shielding must be selected or made according to the patient's target area. Non-irradiated parts, especially sensitive organs and tissues, must be protected. For children, special attention should be paid to the protection of epiphyses, spinal cord, and eyes. 7.6 Measures must be taken to ensure that the patient's treatment position remains unchanged during irradiation. For children, a resting position device or sedatives or anesthetics can be used. 7.7 During the treatment of patients, detailed records of equipment operation must be kept. If it is found to be abnormal, the cause should be analyzed and repaired in time (8. During the irradiation process, the patient must be observed through the observation window or closed-circuit vision. If the body position is changed or other conditions are found, the irradiation should be stopped immediately and the irradiation time should be recorded. If the treatment can be continued, the patient must be repositioned immediately. After the irradiation, the irradiation time or treatment time must be determined. 7.9 After the irradiation, if it is found that the radiation source of the radiation machine has not returned to the non-treatment position, the patient must be quickly transferred out of the treatment room. The radiation therapy technician should record in detail the stay time and position in the treatment room after the irradiation is completed, and estimate the excess radiation dose.
8 8.1 The measurement cycle of the output rate or output dose of the in-vitro or therapeutic equipment in use shall be as follows: for medical electron accelerators, at least once a week, and for medical teletherapy X-ray machines, once a month. For newly installed or upgraded equipment, the measurement frequency shall be increased to ensure the accuracy of the therapeutic dose. 8.2 During the measurement cycle, the output rate change of medical teletherapy X-ray machines shall be less than 1%; the output rate change of medical therapeutic X-ray machines shall be less than 2%. The short-term stability, one-day stability and one-week stability of the output dose of medical electron accelerators shall be less than 2%. 3% and 1% respectively.
8.3 The irradiation dose stability shall comply with GB W2, GB W3 and GB W4 respectively. 8.41
Ray energy measurement cycle of external radiotherapy equipment in use: Medical electron accelerators at least once a month for medical treatment X-ray machines. The deviation between the two measurement results is not more than 5%. 8.5 The timing device of external radiotherapy equipment must be calibrated regularly. 8.6 The dose test instrument must be sent to the certification unit for verification according to the inspection cycle. During routine testing, the inspection source should be used for calibration, and the deviation is not more than 2%. It is necessary to participate in the output dose measurement comparison organized by the country regularly. 8.? The protection performance of external radiotherapy equipment should be checked at least once a day. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The Institute of Radiation Medicine of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences is responsible for drafting. The main drafters of this standard are Hou Jinpeng, Zong Xiyuan and Deng Renping. This standard is entrusted by the Ministry of Health to be the technical unit responsible for interpretation. 40
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