Some standard content:
183992001
4.2.3, 4.2.4 and Appendix A (suggested Appendix) in this standard are recommended, and the rest are all mandatory. This standard is formulated for the safe production of cotton processing industry. This standard is proposed by the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives. This standard is under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou Cotton and Linen Engineering Technology Design Institute of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives. The main drafting units of this standard are: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cotton and Linen Company; participating drafting units, Shandong Cotton and Linen Machinery Factory, Nantong Cotton Machinery Co., Ltd., Dafeng Supply and Marketing Machinery Factory, Hubei Provincial Supply and Marketing Cooperative Cotton Machinery Factory, Handan Cotton Machinery Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are: Yang Mingjian, Bo Zhengrong. 1 Model Figure
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety reguirement of cotton processing machinery
Security reguirement of cotton processing machinery This standard specifies the basic safety principles for the design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of cotton processing machinery. This standard applies to the design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment. 2 Reference standards
GB 18399—2001
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB2893—1982 Safety colors
GB2894--1996 Safety signs
GB 4053-1—1993
Safety technical conditions for fixed steel straight ladders
GB4053.2—1993 Safety technical conditions for fixed steel inclined laddersGB4053.3—1993 Safety technical conditions for fixed industrial protective railingsGB4053.4—1983 Fixed industrial steel platformsGB122651990 Safety distance for mechanical protection
GB/T15706.1--1995 Basic concepts and general principles for mechanical safety and design Part 1: Basic terms and methodology
Part 2: Technical principles and specifications
GB/T15706.2—1995 Basic concepts and general principles for mechanical safety and design Guidelines for the use of safety signs
GB 16179—1996
GB 16297—1996
Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
GB 167541997
Design Principles for Safety Emergency Stop of Machinery
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Hazardous factors Factors that can cause injury or death to people or cause actual damage to objects. 3.2 Danger zone [siten] The stationary or moving part of machinery and equipment (including auxiliary equipment) that may cause injury accidents to people. 3.3 Pernicioug fectors Factors that can affect people's physical and mental health, cause diseases (including occupational diseases) or cause chronic damage to objects. 3.4 Safety clearance
The gap that prevents people from touching the dangerous parts of machinery. 3-5 Safety safeguard All devices installed on the equipment to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. [3.2 in GB12266-1990] Approved by the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on 2001-07-20 - TYKAONiKAca
2001-12-01 Implementation
3.6 Safety device GB183992007
A single device or a device used in conjunction with a guard to eliminate or reduce risks [3.23 in GB/T15706.1-1995] 3.7 Guard Part of the machine that is specifically used to provide protection by means of physical obstacles. According to its structure, the guard can be a shell, screen, door, closed guard, etc. [3.22 in GB/T15706.1-1995] 3-B Reliability reliability
The ability of a machine, component or device to perform the required function without failure under specified conditions and within a specified period. [3.2 in GB/T 15706. 1-1995] 3.9 Operator manipulate
The component operated by hand (or foot) at the operating part of the machine. Such as switch, button, hand wheel, crank, operating lever, etc. 3.10 Emergency stop switch switchfor urgent halt A control switch that can quickly stop the operation of the equipment or working parts when danger occurs. [3.5 in GB12266--1990] 3.11 Safety technical index Prohibition slogans, restricted area signs, notice boards, etc. set at dangerous locations on or around the machine where it is inconvenient to add protective devices to remind people to pay attention to safety
3.12 Fixed steel straight ladder Fixed steel straight ladder A steel straight ladder fixed on a building or equipment and installed vertically to the horizontal plane. [3.1 in GB4053.1-1993] 3.13 Fixed steel slanted ladder Fixed steel ladder A steel ladder fixed on a building or equipment and installed vertically to the horizontal plane at an angle of 30°~75° to the horizontal plane. [3.1 in GB4053.2~1993] 3.14 Fixed industrial protecting railing Fixed industrial protecting railing Protective facilities fixedly installed along the edges of platforms, passages and work objects. [3.1 in GB4053.3-1993] 3. 15 Platform ternace
A horizontal place above the relative reference plane provided for the passage and inspection of staff. [1. 1 in GB 4053.4-1983] 3.16 Walkable platform A platform for the passage of personnel only. [GB 4053. 4-1983 1.2] 3.17 Use according to the provisions Use according to the conditions given by the designer and manufacturer of the production equipment. 3.18 Operator
The operator of the production equipment and the personnel who are allowed to stay nearby. 3.19 Cotton processing machinery Cotton processing machiner Various machines used in the cotton processing process. 3.20 Auxiliary equipment Accessory device Special equipment used to improve the ergonomics of cotton processing machinery or repair and maintenance. 4 Safety requirements for design and manufacturing
4.1 Principles of ensuring safety
4.1.1 The design and manufacture of cotton processing machinery should ensure that no danger will occur when the user uses it according to the regulations and operates and maintains it according to the product manual.
4.1.2 The design and manufacture of cotton processing machinery should meet the requirements of safety and reliability, and safety devices or protective devices should be used. There should be special measures to ensure safety and prevent fire. 4.1.3 The noise index of cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment is allowed to be higher than 85dB (A). 4.1.4 The dust treatment of cotton processing machinery should comply with the relevant requirements of GB16297. 4.2 Requirements for the main structure
GB18399-2001
4.2.1 Cotton processing machinery, auxiliary equipment and various parts must have sufficient strength, rigidity, stability and safety factor, and their reliability should ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.
4.2.2 The appearance structure of cotton processing machinery, auxiliary equipment and various parts should be flat and smooth. 4.2.3 The design of palm flower processing machinery and auxiliary equipment should indicate their service life. According to the requirements of the use environment (such as temperature, degree, air pressure, dust, load, impact, vibration, climatic conditions, etc.), it should have sufficient ability to adapt to adverse environments such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance and anti-fatigue. 4.2.4 The various stress-bearing parts and connections of the palm flower processing machine core and the auxiliary equipment shall not be broken or damaged during the validity period. 4.2.5 The materials used in the cotton processing machinery shall meet the following requirements: a) It must be able to withstand various physical, chemical and biological effects that may occur! b) Materials that are harmful to the human body should not be used to manufacture equipment! c) If the parts may cause danger due to material aging or fatigue, they should be made of aging-resistant or fatigue-resistant materials, and the replacement period should be specified. Its safe use period should be less than the aging or fatigue period of the tree material. 4.2.6 The design of the operator of cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment should be placed in a conspicuous position, and it is required to be easy to operate, light and agile to use, and to perform accurate, safe and reliable actions.
4.3 Requirements for moving parts
4.3.1 All moving parts are dangerous parts, and special attention should be paid to the following: a) Saw blade roller, spike roller, rack roller, shaft (including coupling, shaft extension and crankshaft), pulley, flywheel, gear transmission (including friction device), sprocket, chain, tape, conveyor frequency, cable, clutch and various fan blades 1b) Protruding chains, keys and oil cups on moving parts c) Dangerous parts that may be squeezed or sheared, sucked or rolled; ) Travel working parts close to the operator's working position. The above-mentioned moving parts that may cause injury accidents should be closed or shielded or other protective measures should be taken. 4.3.2 High-speed rotating moving parts must be tested for static balance or dynamic balance and balanced. 4.3.3 If the moving parts may be in danger of flying ghosts during work, anti-loosening measures should be taken in the design. 4.3.4 Taking the plane where the operator stands as the reference, all kinds of material conveying devices and belt transmission devices within 2m in height shall be equipped with protective devices.
4.4 Requirements for safety devices or protective devices
4.4.1 The design of safety protective devices shall meet the following requirements: a) The operator cannot touch the moving parts in operation; b) Avoid the contact hazard between the safety protective devices and the moving parts; c) It shall be convenient for adjustment and inspection and maintenance of the equipment, and shall not become a source of danger! d) It shall have a suitable shape and size. Special requirements shall be noted in the color, operation and marking. 4.4.2 The structure of the safety device or protective device shall meet the following requirements: a) It must have sufficient strength and shall not produce cracks, tears, damage or permanent deformation under the vertical action of 1200N static load; b) It shall be fixed and solid without sharp corners and sharp edges; c) It shall not hinder the operation and maintenance of the machine and shall not be disassembled for lubrication; d) The protective device can adopt a fixed protective cover or a movable protective cover. Fixed protective covers should be firm and durable, and movable protective covers should have interlocking devices to ensure that movable parts cannot be started when the protective covers are not closed. Once the protective covers are opened, the machine should stop automatically immediately: e) There should be safety warning signs at the openings of the protective devices; f) The protective devices can be made of rigid nets or cabinet fences. Welded parts are allowed. The size of the net or fence holes should meet the requirements of 4.5 of this standard. When used correctly, the two or general fence holes should not be deformed. 4.4.3 Emergency stop switch
4.4.3.1 In the following cases, an emergency stop device must be configured: a) When a danger occurs, the machine operation cannot be stopped quickly by controlling the switch to terminate the danger; b) Several motion units that can cause danger cannot be quickly interrupted by a main switch; c) All controls cannot be seen on the console. 4.4.3.2 The emergency stop device shall meet the following requirements: a) The shape of the emergency stop switch shall be different from the general control switch, and the color shall be red b) The layout of the emergency stop device shall ensure that the operator can easily reach it and no danger occurs; c) After the equipment is stopped by the emergency stop device, it must be restarted according to the starting sequence before it can be operated again. 4. 4.3.3 The design of the emergency stop device
shall meet the requirements of 4.4 in GB16754-1997. 4.5 Safety distance
When the design and installation of cotton processing machinery adopt the safety distance to dangerous parts for protection, its safety distance shall meet the requirements of GB12265.
5 Safety requirements for installation, use and maintenance
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment must ensure that there is no danger during transportation, loading and unloading, installation, use, disassembly, inspection and maintenance in accordance with regulations.
5.1.2 When inspection and maintenance need to be carried out in the dangerous area, reliable safety measures must be taken. 5.1.3 Parts that require entry into the equipment for maintenance should have openings suitable for human size and safety technical measures. Interlocking devices must be installed for moving equipment so that it cannot be started during maintenance. 5.1.4 Handrails, steel ladders and platforms should be installed in places where cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment must be reached during use, maintenance and repair to ensure that personnel can safely and conveniently get on and off the machine and perform various operations. 5.1.5 Equipment that cannot be operated and routinely adjusted and repaired on the ground should provide safe passages for performing these tasks during manufacturing or installation, and platforms, access platforms, anti-fall railings, up and down steel ladders, pedals or other facilities that facilitate work should be set up. 5.1.6 Platforms, access platforms, handrails, steel ladders, etc. should be regarded as a group or part of cotton processing machines and should be reasonably designed and laid out. 5.1.7 The design, manufacture and installation of platforms and access platforms should comply with the requirements of GB 4053,4 and should not cause personnel to approach dangerous areas. 5.1.8 Safety guardrails should be installed on all open edges of platforms and access platforms. The design and manufacture of guardrails shall comply with the requirements of GB4053.3.
5.1.9 The clearance of pedestrian passages under the equipment shall not be less than 1.9 ml. 5.1.10 The design, manufacture and installation of steel ladders shall comply with the requirements of GB4053.1 and GB4053.2. 5.1-11 Platforms, access platforms, steel ladders and other facilities for people to walk or work must have good reliability and anti-slip properties and sufficient stability.
5.1.12 When inspecting and adjusting cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment, in order to work safely, special inspection and maintenance tools or devices should be provided with the equipment when necessary.
5.1.13 The parts of cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment that need to be inspected and maintained must be in a safe state before they can work. 5.2 Other requirements
5.2.1 Measures to prevent fire hazards should be taken during the use, maintenance, adjustment and operation of cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment. Such as avoiding friction, collision, eliminating electric sparks and static electricity accumulation, etc. 5.2.2 Cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment that need to be installed below the elevation of 0 must be equipped with covers or other safety protection devices. Safety protection devices or covers should meet the requirements of 4.4 of this standard. 5.2.3 The cover must be flush with the outer edge of the support surface, with a flat surface, no bumps, no warping, no sliding, and a solid foundation, meeting the requirements of fire prevention, anti-slip, wear resistance, anti-pollution, and anti-corrosion. 5.2.4 The cabinet can be a blind plate or a mesh plate depending on its working requirements. The mesh plate should meet the requirements of GB12265. 5.2.5 The color of cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment should be safe, and the parts and dangerous areas of the equipment that are prone to danger must have safety signs and safety colors. Safety technical signs and safety colors should be bright, clear, and durable. The design of color and safety technical signs shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB2893 and GB2894. 5.2.6 For equipment with a shifting center of gravity or large equipment and parts, the center of gravity position and lifting position must be marked. Equipment that may be dangerous to users due to the center of gravity position or has special lifting requirements should adopt anti-overturning measures and set up special lifting devices. 5.3 Requirements for instruction manuals and packaging marks 5.3.1 Each cotton processing machinery and auxiliary equipment should specify safe use methods and product markings, labels, packaging, transportation and installation requirements based on product characteristics and usage requirements. 5.4 Hazard Identification
The process designers of the cotton processing industry, the designers and manufacturers of cotton processing machinery, and the installation, use and maintenance personnel should identify all hazards, dangerous conditions and dangerous events related to the machinery. The examples given in Appendix A (Suggestive Appendix) are helpful for this identification. Through hazard identification and selection of appropriate safety measures. iKAoNiiKAca-
A1 Mechanical hazards
GB 183992001
Appendix A
(Indicative appendix)
Examples of hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events A1.1 Generated by machine parts or caused by workpieces (see 4.2 of GB/T 15706.1-1995 and 3.2 of GB/T 15706.2-1995)
A1.1.1 Shape
A1.1.2 Relative position
A1.1.3 Mass and stability (potential energy of components that can move under the influence of gravity) A1.1.4 Mass and velocity (kinetic energy of controlled and uncontrolled moving components) A1.1.5 Inadequate mechanical strength
A1.2 Caused by internal energy accumulation in the machine, for example A1.2.1 ±
Elastic element (spring egg)
A1.2.2 Liquid and gas under pressure
A1. 2. 3 Vacuum effect
A1.3 Basic forms of mechanical hazards
Extrusion hazard (see 4.2.1 of GB/T 15706.1-1995)A1. 3. 1E
Shear hazard (see GB/T15706.1-1995 4.2.1)A1.3.31
Cutting or severing hazard (see GB/T 15706.1-1995 4.2.1)A1.3.4
Entanglement hazard (see GB/T 15706.1-1995 4.2.1)A1-3.5
Involvement or entanglement hazard (see GB/T 15706.1-1995 4.2.1)A1.3.6 Impact hazard (see GB/T 15706.1-1995 4.2. 1) A1.3.7 Danger of stabbing or wounding (see 4.2.1 of GB/T15706.1-1995) Danger of friction or wear (see 4.2.1 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A1.3.B1
A1.3.9 Danger of high-pressure fluid spray or injection (see 4.2.1 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A2 Danger of electric shock (see 4.3 of GB/T15706.1-1995 and 3.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995), due to A2.1 Person in contact with live parts (direct contact) A2.2 Person in contact with parts that become live under fault conditions (indirect contact) (see 4.3 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A2.3 Approaching live parts under high voltage
A2. 4 Electrostatic phenomena (see 4.3 of GB/T 15706.1-1995) A2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as falling particles and chemical effects caused by short circuit or overload (see 4.3 of GB/T 15706.1-1995)
A2.6 Due to lighting
A3 Heat hazard (see 4.4 of GB/T 15706.1-1995), resulting in A3.1 Due to flames or explosions that may come into contact with people, it may also cause combustion and injuries due to radiation from heat sources (see 4.4 of GB/T 15706.1-1995)
A3.2 Health hazards due to hot or cold working environments (see 4.4 of GB/T 15706.1-1995) GB 183992001
A4 Hazards caused by noise (see 4.5 of GR/T15706.1-1995), resulting in A4.1 Hearing loss (deafness) or other physiological abnormalities (such as loss of balance, loss of consciousness) (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A4.2 Interference with language communication and auditory signals (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A5 Hazards caused by movement
A5.1 Neuropathy and blood vessel disorders caused by the use of handheld machines (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A 5.2 Whole body vibration, especially when combined with a bad posture A6 Hazards arising from mechanical processing, use and its constituent materials and substances (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A6.1 Hazards arising from contact with or inhalation of harmful liquids, gases, oil mist, smoke and dust (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1:-1995) A6.2 Fire and explosion hazards (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7 Hazards arising from ignoring ergonomic principles in mechanical design (see GB/T15706.1-1995 4.9) A7.1 Unhealthy posture with excessive force (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7.2 Failure to properly consider the structure of hand-arm or foot-leg A7.3 Ignoring the use of personal protective equipment
A7.4 Inappropriate local lighting
A7.5 Excessive mental burden or insufficient preparation (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7.6 Human error, human behavior (see 4.9 of GB/15706.1-1995) A8 Combination of various hazards (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) 10. Dangerous events Events that may be caused by one or more of the dangerous risks listed in A1 to A8 A9 External start, accidental overtravel/overspeed (or similar basic failures) caused by the following reasons: A9.1 Failure/disorder of the control system
A9.2 Energy recovery after interruption
A9.3 External interference of electrical equipment
A9.4 Other external interference (gravity, wind, etc.) A9.5 Software error
A9.6 Operator error (due to the incoordination of the characteristic capabilities of the machine and the human, see 7.6) A10 The machine cannot be stopped under the best possible conditions A11 Tool deflection at reasonable speed
A12 Power source failure
A13 Control circuit failure
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A14 Setting error
A15 Braking during operation
Objects or fluids falling or ejected
A17 Mechanical instability/overturning
GB 183992001
A18 People (relative to the machine) slipping, falling and falling (see 4.2.3 of GB/T15706.1-1995) Hazards and dangerous events due to increased mobility. A19 Related to operating functions
A19.1 Movement when starting the engine
A19.2 Movement of the driving position without a driver
A19.3 Movement of not all parts in a safe positionA19.4 Overspeed of machinery controlled by non-professionalsA19.5 Excessive swaying during movement
A19.6 The machinery cannot be effectively slowed down, stopped or fixedA20 Related to the working position of the machine (including the drive station)A20. 1 Risk of falling when entering (or leaving) the work position A20.2 Fire
A20.3 Machine hazard at the work position
Contact with wheels
A falling object, penetration by an object
Breaking of a high-speed rotating part
Contact between a person and a machine part or tool (machine operated by non-professionals) A20.4 Due to insufficient visibility at the work position
A20.5 Insufficient lighting
A20.6 Noise at the work position
A20.7 Insufficient lighting at the work position Vibration
A20.B Insufficient emptying/emergency stop measures
A21［
Due to control system
A21.1 Improper location of controller/control device From mechanical handling (lack of stability)A22
Due to power source and power transmission
A23.1 Danger from power transmission between machinesA24
Insufficient guidance for operators
GB18399—2001
-iiKAONiKAca-2 Health hazards caused by hot or cold working environment (see 4.4 of GB/T15706.1-1995) GB 183992001
A4 Hazards caused by noise (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995), resulting in A4.1 Hearing loss (deafness) Other physiological abnormalities (such as loss of balance, loss of consciousness) (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A4.2 Interference with language communication and auditory signals (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A5 Hazards caused by movement
A5.1 Neuropathy and blood vessel disorders caused by the use of handheld machines (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A 5.2 Whole body vibration, especially when combined with a bad posture A6 Hazards arising from mechanical processing, use and its constituent materials and substances (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A6.1 Hazards arising from contact with or inhalation of harmful liquids, gases, oil mist, smoke and dust (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1:-1995) A6.2 Fire and explosion hazards (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7 Hazards arising from ignoring ergonomic principles in mechanical design (see GB/T15706.1-1995 4.9) A7.1 Unhealthy posture with excessive force (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7.2 Failure to properly consider the structure of hand-arm or foot-leg A7.3 Ignoring the use of personal protective equipment
A7.4 Inappropriate local lighting
A7.5 Excessive mental burden or insufficient preparation (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7.6 Human error, human behavior (see 4.9 of GB/15706.1-1995) A8 Combination of various hazards (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) 10. Dangerous events Events that may be caused by one or more of the dangerous risks listed in A1 to A8 A9 External start, accidental overtravel/overspeed (or similar basic failures) caused by the following reasons: A9.1 Failure/disorder of the control system
A9.2 Energy recovery after interruption
A9.3 External interference of electrical equipment
A9.4 Other external interference (gravity, wind, etc.) A9.5 Software error
A9.6 Operator error (due to the incoordination of the characteristic capabilities of the machine and the human, see 7.6) A10 The machine cannot be stopped under the best possible conditions A11 Tool deflection at reasonable speed
A12 Power source failure
A13 Control circuit failure
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A14 Setting error
A15 Braking during operation
Objects or fluids falling or ejected
A17 Mechanical instability/overturning
GB 183992001
A18 People (relative to the machine) slipping, falling and falling (see 4.2.3 of GB/T15706.1-1995) Hazards and dangerous events due to increased mobility. A19 Related to operating functions
A19.1 Movement when starting the engine
A19.2 Movement of the driving position without a driver
A19.3 Movement of not all parts in a safe positionA19.4 Overspeed of machinery controlled by non-professionalsA19.5 Excessive swaying during movement
A19.6 The machinery cannot be effectively slowed down, stopped or fixedA20 Related to the working position of the machine (including the drive station)A20. 1 Risk of falling when entering (or leaving) the work position A20.2 Fire
A20.3 Machine hazard at the work position
Contact with wheels
A falling object, penetration by an objectwww.bzxz.net
Breaking of a high-speed rotating part
Contact between a person and a machine part or tool (machine operated by non-professionals) A20.4 Due to insufficient visibility at the work position
A20.5 Insufficient lighting
A20.6 Noise at the work position
A20.7 Insufficient lighting at the work position Vibration
A20.B Insufficient emptying/emergency stop measures
A21［
Due to control system
A21.1 Improper location of controller/control device From mechanical handling (lack of stability)A22
Due to power source and power transmission
A23.1 Danger from power transmission between machinesA24
Insufficient guidance for operators
GB18399—2001
-iiKAONiKAca-2 Health hazards caused by hot or cold working environment (see 4.4 of GB/T15706.1-1995) GB 183992001
A4 Hazards caused by noise (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995), resulting in A4.1 Hearing loss (deafness) Other physiological abnormalities (such as loss of balance, loss of consciousness) (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A4.2 Interference with language communication and auditory signals (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A5 Hazards caused by movement
A5.1 Neuropathy and blood vessel disorders caused by the use of handheld machines (see 4.5 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A 5.2 Whole body vibration, especially when combined with a bad posture A6 Hazards arising from mechanical processing, use and its constituent materials and substances (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A6.1 Hazards arising from contact with or inhalation of harmful liquids, gases, oil mist, smoke and dust (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1:-1995) A6.2 Fire and explosion hazards (see 4.8 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7 Hazards arising from ignoring ergonomic principles in mechanical design (see GB/T15706.1-1995 4.9) A7.1 Unhealthy posture with excessive force (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7.2 Failure to properly consider the structure of hand-arm or foot-leg A7.3 Ignoring the use of personal protective equipment
A7.4 Inappropriate local lighting
A7.5 Excessive mental burden or insufficient preparation (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) A7.6 Human error, human behavior (see 4.9 of GB/15706.1-1995) A8 Combination of various hazards (see 4.9 of GB/T15706.1-1995) 10. Dangerous events Events that may be caused by one or more of the dangerous risks listed in A1 to A8 A9 External start, accidental overtravel/overspeed (or similar basic failures) caused by the following reasons: A9.1 Failure/disorder of the control system
A9.2 Energy recovery after interruption
A9.3 External interference of electrical equipment
A9.4 Other external interference (gravity, wind, etc.) A9.5 Software error
A9.6 Operator error (due to the incoordination of the characteristic capabilities of the machine and the human, see 7.6) A10 The machine cannot be stopped under the best possible conditions A11 Tool deflection at reasonable speed
A12 Power source failure
A13 Control circuit failure
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A14 Setting error
A15 Braking during operation
Objects or fluids falling or ejected
A17 Mechanical instability/overturning
GB 183992001
A18 People (relative to the machine) slipping, falling and falling (see 4.2.3 of GB/T15706.1-1995) Hazards and dangerous events due to increased mobility. A19 Related to operating functions
A19.1 Movement when starting the engine
A19.2 Movement of the driving position without a driver
A19.3 Movement of not all parts in a safe positionA19.4 Overspeed of machinery controlled by non-professionalsA19.5 Excessive swaying during movement
A19.6 The machinery cannot be effectively slowed down, stopped or fixedA20 Related to the working position of the machine (including the drive station)A20. 1 Risk of falling when entering (or leaving) the work position A20.2 Fire
A20.3 Machine hazard at the work position
Contact with wheels
A falling object, penetration by an object
Breaking of a high-speed rotating part
Contact between a person and a machine part or tool (machine operated by non-professionals) A20.4 Due to insufficient visibility at the work position
A20.5 Insufficient lighting
A20.6 Noise at the work position
A20.7 Insufficient lighting at the work position Vibration
A20.B Insufficient emptying/emergency stop measures
A21［
Due to control system
A21.1 Improper location of controller/control device From mechanical handling (lack of stability)A22
Due to power source and power transmission
A23.1 Danger from power transmission between machinesA24
Insufficient guidance for operators
GB18399—2001
-iiKAONiKAca-7 Vibration in the working position
A20.B Insufficient emptying/emergency stop measures
A21［
Due to the control system
A21.1 Improper location of the controller/control device From the handling of the machine (lack of stability)A22
Due to the power source and power transmission
A23.1 Danger from power transmission between machinesA24
Insufficient guidance for operators
GB18399—2001
-iiKAONiKAca-7 Vibration in the working position
A20.B Insufficient emptying/emergency stop measures
A21［
Due to the control system
A21.1 Improper location of the controller/control device From the handling of the machine (lack of stability)A22
Due to the power source and power transmission
A23.1 Danger from power transmission between machinesA24
Insufficient guidance for operators
GB18399—2001
-iiKAONiKAca-
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