NY/T 5054-2002 Technical specification for breeding of Nile tilapia for pollution-free food
Some standard content:
ICS65.150
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5054-2002
Replaces NY/T5054-2001
Pollution-free food
Technical Specification for Farming of Nile Tilapia
Issued on July 25, 2002
Implemented on September 1, 2002
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5054-2002
This standard amends NY/T5054-2001 "Technical Specification for Farming of Nile Tilapia, Pollution-free Food". During the revision, the scientific, reasonable and effective contents of the original standard were retained, and the prevention and control methods of some common diseases were modified and supplemented. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Aquatic Products Standardization. The drafting units of this standard are: Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, and Freshwater Fish Germplasm Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture. The main drafters of this standard are: He Li, Zhou Ruiqiong, Wu Fuhuang, Xu Zhongfa, Bai Yisheng. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: NY/T5054-2001.32
1 Scope
Pollution-free food
Technical specification for breeding of Nile tilapia
NY/T5054-2002
This standard specifies the environmental conditions for breeding of Nile tilapia, quality requirements for broodstock and seedlings, breeding and feeding techniques, overwintering seed preservation techniques, feed use and disease prevention and control techniques.
This standard applies to the breeding of pollution-free Nile tilapia. 2 Normative references
The provisions in the following documents become the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB 11607
Fishery Water Quality Standard
NY/T394Guidelines for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers
NY5051Water Quality for Pollution-free Food Freshwater Aquaculture NY 5071
Guidelines for the Use of Pollution-free Food Fishery Drugs
Safety Limits of Pollution-free Food Fishery Formula Feeds NY 5072
SC/T 1006
General Technical Requirements for Freshwater Cage Fish Culture
SC/T 1008:
Technical Specifications for Conventional Culture of Fish Fry and Fingerlings in Ponds Nutrient Standards for Formula Feeds for Nile Tilapia
SC/T 1025
SC1027 Nile tilapia
SC/T1044.3 Technical Specifications for the Culture of Nile tilapia Fry and Fingerlings 3 Environmental Conditions
3.1 Site Selection
3.1.1 The water source is sufficient and the drainage and irrigation are convenient; the water source does not have pollution sources that threaten the water quality of fisheries. 3.1.2 The pond is ventilated and sunny; the cage is set in a water body with a leeward and sunny location, with a slight flow and a water depth of more than 4m. 3.2 Water Quality
3.2.1 The water quality of the water source should comply with the provisions of GB11607. 3.2.2 The water quality of the culture pond should comply with the provisions of NY5051. 3.2.3 The transparency of the pond water is about 30cm.
3.3 Fish Pond Requirements
See Table 1 for the requirements of fish ponds.
NY/T 5054-2002
Types of fish ponds
Spawing pond
Finger pond
Edible fish breeding pond
4 Broodstock
4.1 Source
Area/m2
650-1500
1 000～2 000
1 000~~10 000
Water depth/m
Table 1 Requirements for fish ponds
Bottom requirements
The pond bottom should be flat, loam
or sandy loam.
Thickness of silt/cm
Pond cleaning and disinfection
It should be carried out about 15 days before the fish enter the pond; the use of drugs for pond cleaning shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of SC/T1008.
4.1.1 Selected Nile tilapia seedlings are introduced from the Nile River system and specially cultivated into broodstock, or broodstock are directly introduced from the place of origin. The seedlings or broodstock must be identified and approved.
4.1.2 Seedlings produced by the original (improved) seed farm holding the original (improved) seed production license issued by the state are specially cultivated into broodstock. 4.2 Biological characteristics
Should comply with the provisions of SC1027.
4. 3 Reproduction weightbzxz.net
The weight of breeding broodstock: female fish should be above 0.25kg/, and male fish should be above 0.5kg/tail. 5 Reproduction
5.1 Stocking of broodstock
5.7.1 Identification of sex
The female fish has an anus, genital pore and urinary pore in front of the anal fin on the abdomen. The genital pore of mature individuals is prominent. The male fish has an anus and cloaca in front of the anal fin on the abdomen. The cloaca of mature individuals is large and prominent. Milky white semen flows out when the fish abdomen is gently pressed with hands. 5.1.2 Sex ratio
The stocking ratio of female and male broodstock is 3:1. 5.1.3 Disinfection of broodstock
Broodstock should be disinfected with drugs when stocking. It can be bathed in 2%~4% salt for 5 minutes, or soaked in 20mg/L potassium permanganate (20℃C) for 20 minutes~~~~30 minutes, or soaked in 30 mg/L povidone iodine (1% effective iodine) for 5 minutes. 5.1.4 Stocking time
Broodstock can be stocked when the water temperature in the pond rises and stabilizes above 18℃. It is usually late April in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and delayed by 15 to 30 days in the northern region.
5.1.5 Stocking density
1 tail/m2 to 2 tails/m.
5.2 Feeding management
5.2.1 Patrolling the pond
Observe the changes in the water color and transparency of the pond water to prevent hypoxia and floating; observe the activities of the broodstock and remove sick fish in time. 5.2.2 Feeding
Mainly use compound feed, supplemented with cakes and bran; the daily feeding rate is 3% to 5% of the fish body weight. 5.3 Fishing for fry
The suitable water temperature for spawning is 25℃ to 30℃. Fry can be seen 10 to 20 days after the broodstock are put into the pond, and the fry can be caught; when there are clusters of fry at the edge of the pond, use a triangular scoop net to catch them every day, or use a dense net to catch the whole pond once a week. The fry are moved to the fish seed pond for cultivation. 6 Fry and fingerlings
The quality requirements of fry and fingerlings shall comply with the provisions of SC/T1044.3. 34
7 Pond breeding
7.1 Fingerling cultivation
7.1.1 Fertilization and water injection
NY/T50542002
5d~7d before the release of fry and fingerlings, apply green manure 6000kg/ha-7000kg/ha, or manure 3000kg/ha~4000k/ha. Organic fertilizers must be fermented and decomposed, and disinfected with 1%2% lime. The original test should comply with the provisions of NY/T394. 2d~3d after fertilization, deepen the water in the fingerling pond to 0.5m, and the edible fish pond to 1.5m. 7.1.2 Stocking of fry
When the water temperature rises and stabilizes above 18°C, it is the appropriate time to stock. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is mid-April or late April, and in South China and North China, it is 20 days or 30 days earlier or later. The specifications of stocking fry are 1 cm to 1.5 cm in total length, and the stocking density is 75 to 100 per square meter of water surface.
7.1.3 Feeding and management
After the fry are put into the pond, every 5 days is divided into a cultivation stage. In the first stage, feed soybean milk, 0.1kg to 0.2kg soybeans per 10,000 fish per day: from the second stage onwards, change to compound feed, etc., 0.25kg to 0.3kg per 10,000 fish per day. In each subsequent stage, the amount of stocking is increased by 20% to 25% of the previous stage. During the cultivation period, water is added every 5 days to 7 days, so that the pond water depth reaches 1m to 1.5m in the final cultivation stage. 7.2 Feeding fish
7.2.1 Stocking specifications and density of fish species (seedlings) The stocking specifications and density of fish species (seedlings) are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Stocking specifications and density of fish species (seedlings)
Species category
"Weidong fish species"
Summer flower fish species
Stocking specifications (total length)/cm
Fish species after wintering.
7.2.2 Copper breeding management
Main breeding (grass carp, silver carp, snapper, braid, etc.) density/(tail/m2) 0.6~0.7 (rotational fishing)
0.7~0.8 (rotational fishing)
Single burial density/(tail/m3)
2~-3 or 4 (rotational tanks)
Spring~7.5
The main method is to add heating and feed, with the daily feed amount being 5%~7% of the fish body weight, add water 4-5 times a day, and inject water once every 15d~20d (10d~15d in high temperature season) to keep the filtered water above 2m. For every 0.5ha~1.0ha, equip one 2kW~3kW aerator, start it once in the afternoon and early morning every day, each time for 2h-3h, and increase it by 1h~2h each time in high temperature season. 7.2.3 Catch
Determine the catch time according to the fish body specifications. When the water temperature drops to 15, all Nile tilapia must be caught. 8 Cage breeding
8.1 Cage specifications and quantity
Follow the provisions of SC/T1006.
8.2 Fish fingerlings release
8.2.1 Fish fingerlings disinfection
Follow 5.1.3.
8.2.2 Fish species specifications
Weight should be 20g/m-50g/tail.
8.2.3 Stocking density
The stocking density is determined according to the different sizes of fish species, generally 600/m-1000/m. 35
NY/T5054-2002
8.3 Feeding
Use extruded compound feed. The feeding amount is determined according to the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc. The feeding rate is generally 3%-5% of body weight, and feeding is 3-5 times a day.
9 Wintering
9.1 Wintering method
The fish pond can be built in a glass greenhouse or in a plastic greenhouse for indoor heating and warmth overwintering, or it can use heat sources for outdoor running water insulation overwintering.
9.2 Wintering Pool
The wintering pool is a brick-covered cement pool. It should be located near the water source, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun. The shape of the pool is preferably round or circular. The area of the indoor wintering pool is 10m2~50m2, and the pool depth is 1.5m. The area of the outdoor wintering pool is 100m2~200m2, and the water depth is 1.5m2.0m. Before the fish enter the wintering pool, the dirt at the bottom of the pool should be cleaned, and the pool wall and bottom should be disinfected with 30mg/L bleaching powder solution. 9.3 Wintering Time
The fish should enter the wintering pool before the outdoor water temperature drops to 18℃ in autumn. The fish can leave the wintering pool only after the outdoor water temperature rises and stabilizes above 18℃ in late spring. The Yangtze River Basin generally lasts from mid-October to May of the following year, about 200 days: The Pearl River Basin generally lasts from mid-November to early April of the following year, about 150 days. The wintering time in northern regions should be extended accordingly. 9.4 Selection of overwintering fish
Overwintering fish should be selected from individuals with strong physique, symmetrical body shape, no injuries or diseases, and full body shape. The specifications of overwintering broodstock are preferably 0.2kg/tail to 0.5kg/tail. 7kg~8g of broodstock should be placed per cubic meter, and the proportion of placement should be 4~5:1. The total length of overwintering fish should be classified into two specifications of 3cm~~5cm and 6cm~10cm. 7kg~8kg of fish should be placed per cubic meter of water. 9.5 Feeding and management during the overwintering period
9.5.1 Disinfection of overwintering fish
Perform according to 5.1.3.
9.5.2 Water quality adjustment
The water temperature should be maintained at 18℃~22℃. The temperature difference should not exceed ±2℃ when changing water. Drain sewage once a day and clean the fish pond once every 3d~5d to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pond water at 3 US/L or above. 9.5.3 Feeding
Feed compound pellet feed, with the daily copper feeding rate of 0.5%~0.8% of the fish body weight. One month before the overwintering fish are released from the pond, the feeding rate can be increased to 1%, and the feeding frequency is twice a day.
10 Feed requirements
Feed safety and hygiene indicators should comply with the provisions of NY5072; compound feed nutritional requirements should comply with the provisions of SC/T1025. 11 Prevention of fish diseases
11.1 Prevention of fish diseases
Fish disease prevention is mainly based on prevention. The general measures are as follows: before the fry and fingerlings are put into the pond (net), they should be strictly disinfected; half a month after the fry and fingerlings are put into the pond, 0.1g2g of bleaching powder (28% effective chlorine) should be sprayed once per cubic meter; in the hot season, 5 grams of firewood or 0.478 grams of firewood per dry gram of fish body should be mixed into the feed every day for 6 consecutive days, and appropriate amount of salt should be added at the same time;
Dead fish should be fished out in time and buried in the soil;
The fishing gear used in the sick fish pond (net) should be washed and disinfected, and the disinfection method should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of 5.1.3 of this standard. The water in the sick fish pond shall not be discharged without disinfection. 36
11.2 Common fish diseases and their prevention and control
Common fish diseases and their prevention and control are shown in Table 3.
Trichodina disease
Clinoid tube disease
Saprolegnia disease
Streptococcal disease
Season of disease
May to August
December and March to May
Can be seen all year round, easy to occur in February to May
When the water temperature is 25℃~28℃, it is easy to occur
Bacterial skin
High-density breeding, easy to
Ulceration disease during winter
Table 3 Common fish diseases and their prevention and treatment
Gill tissue damage.
The skin and gills are pale, or the body
surface is covered with a light blue or gray film
.
The hyphae on the body surface multiply in large numbers like floccules
, and the parasitic parts are congested.
Body color becomes dark, fish movement is unbalanced, eyeballs protrude, cornea is cloudy and white,
anus is red and swollen, etc.
Body surface is congested, scales fall off, skin
skin ulcers, etc.
Note: The residual liquid of the drug after the bath shall not be poured into the breeding water. The use and withdrawal period of fishery drugs shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of NY5071. NY/T 5054—2002
Prevention and control methods
0. 5mg / L.~0. 7 mg / L. copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is sprayed throughout the pond.
0. 5mg/L~0. 7 mg/L copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is sprayed throughout the pond, or 2.5% salt bath is used for 20 minutes.
Avoid injury to the fish; soak in 2%~3% salt for 10 minutes, or sprinkle 400mg/L salt and baking soda (1:1) throughout the pond. Sprinkle 0.1 mg/L~0.5 mg/L trichloroisocyanuric acid (more than 80% effective chlorine) throughout the pond, once a day for 2 consecutive days. In the early stage of the disease, improve the water quality, stabilize the water temperature, feed high-quality feed, and the sick fish will gradually recover; or sprinkle 1 mg/L~2 mg/L source white powder (28% effective chlorine) throughout the pond.5kg/tail is appropriate, 7kg~8g of parent fish is placed per cubic meter, and the proportion of spread is preferably 4~5:1. The fish species for wintering are classified into two specifications of 3cm~~5cm and 6cm~10cm in length, and 7kg~8kg of fish species are placed per cubic meter of water. 9.5 Feeding and management during wintering period
9.5.1 Disinfection of wintering fish
Perform according to 5.1.3.
9.5.2 Water quality adjustment
The water temperature is maintained at 18℃~22℃, and the temperature difference during water change shall not exceed ±2℃. The sewage is discharged once a day, and the fish pond is cleaned once every 3d~5d to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pond water at 3 US/L or more. 9.5.3 Feeding
Feed with compound granular feed, and the daily copper feeding rate is 0.5%~0.8% of the fish body weight. One month before the overwintering fish are released from the pond, the feeding rate can be increased to 1%, and the feeding frequency is twice a day.
10 Feed requirements
Feed safety and hygiene indicators should comply with the provisions of NY5072; compound feed nutritional requirements should comply with the provisions of SC/T1025. 11 Prevention of fish diseases
11.1 Prevention of fish diseases
Fish disease prevention is mainly based on prevention. The general measures are as follows: before the fry and fingerlings are put into the pond (net), they should be strictly disinfected; half a month after the fry and fingerlings are put into the pond, 0.1g2g of bleaching powder (28% effective chlorine) should be sprayed once per cubic meter; in the hot season, 5 grams of firewood or 0.478 grams of firewood per dry gram of fish body should be mixed into the feed every day for 6 consecutive days, and appropriate amount of salt should be added at the same time;
Dead fish should be fished out in time and buried in the soil;
The fishing gear used in the sick fish pond (net) should be washed and disinfected, and the disinfection method should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of 5.1.3 of this standard. The water in the sick fish pond shall not be discharged without disinfection. 36
11.2 Common fish diseases and their prevention and control
Common fish diseases and their prevention and control are shown in Table 3.
Trichodina disease
Clinoid tube disease
Saprolegnia disease
Streptococcal disease
Season of disease
May to August
December and March to May
Can be seen all year round, easy to occur in February to May
When the water temperature is 25℃~28℃, it is easy to occur
Bacterial skin
High-density breeding, easy to
Ulceration disease during winter
Table 3 Common fish diseases and their prevention and treatment
Gill tissue damage.
The skin and gills are pale, or the body
surface is covered with a light blue or gray film
.
The hyphae on the body surface multiply in large numbers like floccules
, and the parasitic parts are congested.
Body color becomes dark, fish movement is unbalanced, eyeballs protrude, cornea is cloudy and white,
anus is red and swollen, etc.
Body surface is congested, scales fall off, skin
skin ulcers, etc.
Note: The residual liquid of the drug after the bath shall not be poured into the breeding water. The use and withdrawal period of fishery drugs shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of NY5071. NY/T 5054—2002
Prevention and control methods
0. 5mg / L.~0. 7 mg / L. copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is sprayed throughout the pond.
0. 5mg/L~0. 7 mg/L copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is sprayed throughout the pond, or 2.5% salt bath is used for 20 minutes.
Avoid injury to the fish; soak in 2%~3% salt for 10 minutes, or sprinkle 400mg/L salt and baking soda (1:1) throughout the pond. Sprinkle 0.1 mg/L~0.5 mg/L trichloroisocyanuric acid (more than 80% effective chlorine) throughout the pond, once a day for 2 consecutive days. In the early stage of the disease, improve the water quality, stabilize the water temperature, feed high-quality feed, and the sick fish will gradually recover; or sprinkle 1 mg/L~2 mg/L source white powder (28% effective chlorine) throughout the pond.5kg/tail is appropriate, 7kg~8g of parent fish is placed per cubic meter, and the proportion of spread is preferably 4~5:1. The fish species for wintering are classified into two specifications of 3cm~~5cm and 6cm~10cm in length, and 7kg~8kg of fish species are placed per cubic meter of water. 9.5 Feeding and management during wintering period
9.5.1 Disinfection of wintering fish
Perform according to 5.1.3.
9.5.2 Water quality adjustment
The water temperature is maintained at 18℃~22℃, and the temperature difference during water change shall not exceed ±2℃. The sewage is discharged once a day, and the fish pond is cleaned once every 3d~5d to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pond water at 3 US/L or more. 9.5.3 Feeding
Feed with compound granular feed, and the daily copper feeding rate is 0.5%~0.8% of the fish body weight. One month before the overwintering fish are released from the pond, the feeding rate can be increased to 1%, and the feeding frequency is twice a day.
10 Feed requirements
Feed safety and hygiene indicators should comply with the provisions of NY5072; compound feed nutritional requirements should comply with the provisions of SC/T1025. 11 Prevention of fish diseases
11.1 Prevention of fish diseases
Fish disease prevention is mainly based on prevention. The general measures are as follows: before the fry and fingerlings are put into the pond (net), they should be strictly disinfected; half a month after the fry and fingerlings are put into the pond, 0.1g2g of bleaching powder (28% effective chlorine) should be sprayed once per cubic meter; in the hot season, 5 grams of firewood or 0.478 grams of firewood per dry gram of fish body should be mixed into the feed every day for 6 consecutive days, and appropriate amount of salt should be added at the same time;
Dead fish should be fished out in time and buried in the soil;
The fishing gear used in the sick fish pond (net) should be washed and disinfected, and the disinfection method should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of 5.1.3 of this standard. The water in the sick fish pond shall not be discharged without disinfection. 36
11.2 Common fish diseases and their prevention and control
Common fish diseases and their prevention and control are shown in Table 3.
Trichodina disease
Clinoid tube disease
Saprolegnia disease
Streptococcal disease
Season of disease
May to August
December and March to May
Can be seen all year round, easy to occur in February to May
When the water temperature is 25℃~28℃, it is easy to occur
Bacterial skin
High-density breeding, easy to
Ulceration disease during winter
Table 3 Common fish diseases and their prevention and treatment
Gill tissue damage.
The skin and gills are pale, or the body
surface is covered with a light blue or gray film
.
The hyphae on the body surface multiply in large numbers like floccules
, and the parasitic parts are congested.
Body color becomes dark, fish movement is unbalanced, eyeballs protrude, cornea is cloudy and white,
anus is red and swollen, etc.
Body surface is congested, scales fall off, skin
skin ulcers, etc.
Note: The residual liquid of the drug after the bath shall not be poured into the breeding water. The use and withdrawal period of fishery drugs shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of NY5071. NY/T 5054—2002
Prevention and control methods
0. 5mg / L.~0. 7 mg / L. copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is sprayed throughout the pond.
0. 5mg/L~0. 7 mg/L copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is sprayed throughout the pond, or 2.5% salt bath is used for 20 minutes.
Avoid injury to the fish; soak in 2%~3% salt for 10 minutes, or sprinkle 400mg/L salt and baking soda (1:1) throughout the pond. Sprinkle 0.1 mg/L~0.5 mg/L trichloroisocyanuric acid (more than 80% effective chlorine) throughout the pond, once a day for 2 consecutive days. In the early stage of the disease, improve the water quality, stabilize the water temperature, feed high-quality feed, and the sick fish will gradually recover; or sprinkle 1 mg/L~2 mg/L source white powder (28% effective chlorine) throughout the pond.
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