This standard stipulates the nature and packaging of disposal waste, and puts forward principled requirements for the site selection, design, operation, closure, supervision and safety evaluation of shallow buried disposal sites. During implementation, corresponding implementation details can be formulated based on the principles and requirements of this standard. This standard applies to all shallow burial disposal of low and medium level radioactive solid waste on the surface or underground, with protective covering, with or without engineering barriers. This standard does not address the disposal of waste in natural or artificial caves. GB 9132-1988 Regulations for the disposal of low and medium level radioactive solid waste in shallow strata GB9132-1988 Standard download and decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Low and intermediate-level radioactive wastes
Regulations for shallow ground disposal of solid low-land intermediate-level radioactive wastes
1 Subject content and scope of application
GB9132-88
This standard stipulates the nature and packaging of disposal waste, and the site selection, design, operation, closure, supervision and safety of shallow buried disposal sites The evaluation puts forward principled requirements. During implementation, corresponding implementation details can be formulated based on the principles and requirements of this standard. This standard applies to the shallow burial disposal of all low- and medium-level radioactive solid waste (referred to as waste) on the surface or underground, with protective covering, with or without engineering barriers. This standard does not address the disposal of waste in natural or artificial caves. 2 Terminology
The terms and their meanings used in this standard are as follows: 2.1 Shallow formation disposal: refers to shallow disposal on the surface or underground, with a protective covering layer, with or without engineering barriers, and the depth is generally Within 50m below the ground.
2.2 Disposal site: refers to a land disposal facility area for waste disposal, which consists of several disposal units, structures and sites. Disposal sites are bounded and controlled by the license holder. 2.3 Radioactive waste: refers to any waste that contains or is contaminated by radionuclides and whose specific activity exceeds the national limit. This provision refers to radioactive solid waste, or simply "waste". 2.4 Temporary storage facilities: refers to facilities that require temporary storage due to various reasons after receiving waste. 2.5 Site control period: refers to the period from when the disposal site is put into operation until the site can be fully opened. Thereafter, the field area can be used without restrictions.
2.6 Engineering barrier: refers to engineering facilities that can delay or prevent the migration of radionuclides from the disposal unit to the surrounding environment. 2.7 According to the strictness of the requirements, the various words used in this standard are explained as follows, so that they can be treated differently during implementation: words indicating that it is very strict and must be done: use "must" for the positive word, and "strictly prohibited" for the negative word a.
b． Words that express strictness and that this should be done under normal circumstances: use "should" for positive words, and "should not" or "must not" for negative words. c. To express that a slight choice is allowed, and that this should be done first when conditions permit, use "suitable", and the negative word "should not". 2.8 Articles that must be implemented in accordance with relevant standards, regulations or other documents are written as "implemented in accordance with..." or "in compliance with requirements". 3 General Provisions
3.1 Basic requirements for waste disposal
a, waste shallow The task of stratigraphic disposal is to confine the radionuclides in the waste within the scope of the disposal site within the time frame when the waste may pose an unacceptable risk to humans (generally 300a to 500a should be considered) to prevent the radionuclides from unacceptable The concentration or quantity spreads into the environment and endangers human safety
The National Environmental Protection Administration approved the implementation on 1988-05-25 and 1988-09-01
GB9132-88
b. The disposal site is in Under normal operation and accident conditions, the radiation protection for operators and the public should comply with the requirements of my country's radiation protection regulations, and should follow the principle of "as low as reasonably achievable" during the disposal process. The effective dose equivalent of released radioactive materials to individuals in the public shall not exceed 0.25mSv (25mrem) per year. 3.2 When selecting a site, geological, hydrological, meteorological, social and economic conditions should be considered, and a cost-benefit analysis should be conducted. When determining the site, designing, operating and closing the disposal site, safety analysis and environmental impact assessment should be carried out in accordance with national regulations. 3.3 When building, expanding or reconstructing a radioactive waste disposal site, investment in the disposal site must be made before the site is finalized. Approval procedures must be completed before operation and before the disposal site is closed. The disposal site operating unit must obtain the corresponding license issued by the state and finally be submitted to the national environmental protection department for approval. The contents of the certificate should include: 8. The quantity and nature of the waste disposed
b. Limits of radionuclides disposed (including total amount and maximum specific activity); on-site and off-site environmental monitoring plans: ||tt ||c
d. Requirements for reporting waste disposal conditions and environmental monitoring results; e. Accident emergency plans and remedial measures
The national environmental protection department has the right to conduct inspections on the items and content of the license. Necessary modifications will be made, and independent inspections will be carried out. Units that do not implement the license content will be punished, until it is recommended to revoke their licenses. 3.4 The closure of the disposal site should be subject to effective supervision and maintenance after closure. . The required funds should be included in the charges for waste disposal, and should be earmarked for regular verification and adjustment. 3.5 The external environmental monitoring of the disposal site should be implemented independently by the local environmental protection department and the disposal site operating unit. 4 Site selection ||tt| |4.1 Site Selection Steps
The site selection of disposal sites should generally include three steps: regional survey, site preliminary selection and site determination. Site selection is a continuous and iterative evaluation process. Unsuitable sites should be continuously eliminated and potential sites should be investigated in depth. After selecting a usable site, detailed evaluation work should be carried out to demonstrate whether the conclusion is accurate and expected to be used in the construction of a disposal site. and how the site characteristics will be adversely affected when the waste is disposed of. 4.1.1 Regional Survey
The task of the regional survey is to identify several areas where disposal sites may be established, and to conduct a thorough analysis of the stability, earthquakes, geological structures, engineering geology, hydrogeology, meteorological conditions and socio-economic conditions of these areas. factors for preliminary evaluation. 4.1.2 Preliminary Site Preliminary
Preliminary Site Preliminary is to determine 3 to 4 candidate sites through on-site reconnaissance, survey and data analysis and research based on regional surveys. 4.1.3 Site determination
Site determination is to conduct detailed research and cost-benefit analysis on candidate sites to demonstrate the suitability of the site, submit a detailed report to the national environmental protection department, and finally approve and determine 1 site. The data required for the analysis mainly include: a. The form, nature and quantity of waste, treatment costs and anti-leaching performance; b. Site characteristics, effects and costs of engineering facilities; The site's geology, geochemistry, hydrogeology, Detailed evaluation of engineering geology and ecology in order to estimate the pathways and amounts of radioactive nuclear cords that may be c.
d. Determine the selected radioactive impact analysis method or model and predict the spread to the surroundings The activity of radionuclides in the environment. 4.2 Site requirements
4.2.1 Site seismic and regional stability requirements The disposal site should be selected in an area with low seismic intensity and long-term geological stability. The following areas should be avoided: a.
Destructive earthquake and active tectonic areas;
b.
Tsunami and surge areas that endanger the safety of disposal sites: c.||tt| |d.
GB9132-88
Areas with highly concentrated ground stress and rapid ground uplift or subsidence rates; areas with high ground erosion rates.
2 Site geological structure and lithology requirements
4.2.2
a
b.
c.
4.2.3
The site should have a relatively simple geological structure with less developed fractures and fissures; the disposal layer should have uniform lithology, large area and thickness, and low permeability; the rock and soil of the disposal layer should have high adsorption and ion Exchange ability. Engineering geological requirements of the site
The disposal site should be selected in an area with stable engineering geological conditions, low construction costs and normal operation. Construction of Chumao sites should be avoided in the following areas:
collapse, rock pile, and landslide areas;
a.
flash flood and mudslide areas;
b.||tt ||Karst development or mining goaf area;
c.
Active dune area;
d.
e.
Unstable alluvial fan and gully areas; highly compressible silt, peat and soft soil areas. f.
4.2.4 Hydrogeological requirements of the site
The disposal site should generally have the following hydrogeological conditions: the hydrogeological conditions are relatively simple;
a.
The highest The groundwater level should be a certain distance from the bottom of the disposal unit; b.
c.
There are no factors that affect the long-term stability of groundwater (such as digging rivers, building reservoirs, etc.): the disposal site should not deal with open water sources If there is pollution impact, the distance between the site boundary and open water source should not be less than 500m; d.
Areas that will not be flooded.
e.
4.2.5. The disposal site should be selected in an area with no mineral resources or with resources but no mining value. If there are resources of mining value nearby, the interaction between the disposal site and the mining resources should be evaluated. 4.2.6 The site should be selected in an area with little value for industry, agriculture, tourism, cultural relics, archaeology, etc. 4.2.7 The site should be selected at an appropriate distance from the city and in an area with low population density. Depending on factors such as site conditions, accident release conditions, etc., a certain range of protective monitoring areas should be considered around the site. 4.2.8 The site should be far away from airports, military test sites, and warehouses of dangerous goods such as flammable and explosive materials. 4.3 Data that should be collected during the site selection process: geotechnical characteristics data:
4.3.1
a.
Mineral composition of geotechnical materials,
Colloidal particles in geotechnical materials Content;
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Natural humidity of rock and soil;||tt ||Adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity of rock and soil: pH and alkalinity of rock and soil;
Porosity and effective porosity of rock and soil;
g.
Permeability of rock and soil;||tt| |Geomechanical properties.
h.
4.3.2 Hydrogeological data
a.
Characteristics of rivers, streams, and lakes near the disposal site (flow, water level, velocity, Flood level); b.
Groundwater recharge sources, runoff and discharge points, hydraulic connections between groundwater and surface water; utilization status of water resources in the area;
c.
Types of groundwater and chemical composition;
d.
GB9132-88
Physical and chemical reactions between water, rock soil and nuclides, nuclear cable migration speed and migration pathways; e.|| tt||Long-term stability of groundwater and its influencing factors: f.
Possibility of river diversion;
g.
h, soil capillary rise height.
4.3.3 Meteorological data
General climate characteristics;
a.
Wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability, temperature, humidity, precipitation, evaporation and Fog and other meteorological elements, these meteorological elements should be observed simultaneously and correlated with each other. And the frequency distribution should be calculated based on the data of the above meteorological elements; c. Meteorological data that may have a harmful impact on the safety of the disposal site, such as tornadoes, typhoons, strong winds, sandstorms, heavy rains, snowfall, freezing and ice density, etc. and determine the extent to which these data represent long-term environmental conditions at the site. 4.3.4 Data indicating the detailed topographic features near the site and the general topographic and geomorphological features of the larger area. 4.3.5 Social and economic information
a.
The distance of the disposal site from the source of the waste, the mode of transport of the waste, the capacity of the transport system, the investment in building or expanding the transport system; the current situation around the site and future land use conditions, the cost of acquiring land and relocating residents; b.
c.
site power supply and water supply conditions;
d.
employees Investment in welfare facilities and living facilities for family members, and available conditions in the surrounding areas; e.
The current population distribution and future development trends around the site. Due to the impact that social development and human activities may have on the site;
The attitudes of residents near the site, the general public and local governments towards the construction of disposal sites at the site; f.
g: Others , such as the investment required to take engineering measures due to unfavorable factors in site conditions, etc. 5 Waste
5.1 Scope of wastes disposed in shallow formations
5.1.1 Wastes suitable for shallow formation disposal must meet one of the following conditions -: half-life greater than 5a, less than or equal to 30a, specific activity not greater than 3.7×10°Bq/kg (1Ci/kg) waste; a.
h. Waste with a half-life less than or equal to 5a, any specific activity; within 300~500a, the specific activity can drop to a very low level. Radioactive solid waste levels and other wastes. e.
5.1.2 Wastes containing the following substances are not suitable for shallow ground disposal: a.
decaying matter;
b.
biological, pathogenic , Infectious bacteria or viral substances: spontaneous combustion or explosive substances;
c
d.
Organic flammable substances with a flash point or flash point close to the ambient temperature. 5.2 Requirements for waste properties
8.
The waste should be in solid form, and the volume of free liquid in it shall not exceed 1% of the waste volume; b.
The waste should have sufficient chemical, Biological, thermal and radiation stability; small specific surface area, low dispersibility, and low leaching rate of radionuclides; c
d.
Waste must not produce toxic gases.
5.3 Requirements for waste packaging
a. Waste must be packaged. The packaging body must have sufficient mechanical strength to meet the requirements of transportation, handling and disposal. The weight, volume, shape and size of all packages should be suitable for loading, unloading, transportation and disposal operations, and should comply with relevant regulations for the safe transportation of radioactive materials;
GB913288
b. Package surface The dose equivalent rate should be less than 2mSv/h (200mrem/h), and the dose equivalent rate 1m away from the surface should be less than 0.1mSv/h (10mrem/h). If this standard is exceeded, additional shielding should be added during operation and transportation. container. 6 Design of disposal sites
6.1 Basic principles
6.1.1 The design of disposal sites must ensure the safety of operators and surrounding residents during normal operations and in case of accidents, and must ensure the possible return to the human living environment Radionuclides will not exceed permissible levels at any time. 6.1.2 The formation of the disposal site is the most important barrier. The design of the disposal site should improve the barrier function of the site and make up for the deficiencies of the natural conditions of the site by setting up engineering barriers and other measures to ensure that it meets the requirements of Article 4.2 of this standard. 6.1.3 The basic task of a disposal site is to receive waste and place it in a disposal unit. According to needs, on the premise of ensuring the safety of disposal and taking into account the economy of disposal, the disposal site can also be equipped with reasonable capacity reduction facilities. 6.1.4 The disposal site must ensure effective isolation of waste within the specified site control period, and should minimize frequent maintenance after the disposal site is closed.
6.2 Waterproofing and Drainage
6.2.1 Disposal sites should generally set up engineering barriers to prevent the infiltration of surface water and groundwater to minimize the contact between waste and water. 6.2.2 The focus of waterproof design should be to prevent surface water and rainwater from penetrating into the disposal unit. The waterproof design of the disposal site should be determined by site characteristics such as permeability, adsorption, surface runoff, and groundwater levels of the rock and soil. 6.2.3 The drainage design should ensure that the accumulated water on the ground of the disposal site can be drained smoothly and the accumulated water in the disposal unit can be pumped out in time. 6.2.4 In addition to waterproofing and drainage design, disposal site design should also include disposal unit backfilling, cover structure design, surface treatment, vegetation; and setting up groundwater monitoring holes near the disposal unit and at appropriate locations in the site, etc. 6.3 Disposal site facilities
6.3.1 The design capacity of the disposal site is determined by the total amount of waste to be accepted. The design of each location and unit should be arranged according to the overall plan of the entire site, with special attention being paid to the layout of entrances, exits and passages, as well as the control of contaminated and non-contaminated areas. 6.3.2 The design of the waste receiving area should have:
mesh. Inspection devices for transport vehicles and transport containers (including dose rate, surface contamination, accuracy of manifests, etc.); b. Equipment for unloading waste barrels (boxes) and verifying them one by one; c. Radiation monitoring and alarm system; ||tt ||Facilities for handling damaged containers;
d.
e. Decontamination devices for transportation equipment and treatment facilities for decontamination waste. 6.3.3 The design of the waste disposal unit can adopt above-ground attack pile type, underground trench type, and other types to adapt to different site characteristics and disposal requirements of different types of waste.
6.3.4 The disposal site should have temporary storage facilities. The design of temporary storage facilities should be compatible with various transportation containers and transportation vehicles. 6.3.5 The waste disposal site should be equipped with a laboratory to conduct daily analysis of water, soil, air and plant samples to make a safety assessment of the site and surrounding environment.
6.3.6 The waste disposal site should also have other facilities to facilitate staff's replacement of personal decontamination, personal and environmental monitoring, maintenance of instruments and equipment, equipment decontamination, as well as firefighting and emergency medical treatment. There should also be security guard systems, garages and administrative management systems. 7 Operation of the disposal site
7.1 Basic principles
7.1.1 The operation of the disposal site should ensure that the radiation dose received by its operators is lower than the national standard, and other safety aspects should also comply with national regulations. 7.1.2. Waste volume reduction, solidification and other processing should in principle be completed before being sent to the disposal site. If necessary, it can also be carried out on site. 7.2 Acceptance and handling of waste
7.2.1 After the waste is transported to the disposal site, it must be inspected to confirm that the waste packaging meets the packaging requirements, is not damaged during transportation, and is GB9132-88
Completely consistent with the contents of the waste card filled in. The format of the waste card should be approved by the waste receiving department. The waste card is filled in by the waste generating unit and is responsible for its content.
7.2.2 The disposal site should be equipped with suitable handling equipment and appliances, such as cranes, forklifts, remote-controlled grapples, etc. These equipment and appliances should be suitable for disposal operations and transportation methods.
7.3 Operation of waste disposal site
7.3.1 The operating unit of the disposal site must comply with the provisions of the operation license and formulate corresponding operating procedures in accordance with the regulations. 7.3.2 Waste disposal operations include the transportation of waste, the placement of waste, and the closure of the disposal unit. The safety of operators and the public should be ensured throughout the entire disposal operation. 7.3.3 The placement of waste should be conducive to the closure of the disposal unit, and should not cause adverse effects on safe isolation (such as water accumulation, leakage, etc.). 7.3.4 The waste disposal operation file should include the date and location of waste disposal, as well as the most basic data of the waste, namely; the serial number of the waste barrel or box, the place of origin, the main radionuclides in the waste, the total activity and the specific activity , radiation levels, volume and weight of waste, and problems with disposal operations. The disposal site operating unit shall be responsible for properly keeping the operation files, and copies thereof shall be handed over to relevant departments for preservation in accordance with regulations. 7.3.5 Permanent signs should be set up at appropriate locations near the waste disposal site and disposal unit to indicate the location of waste burial and related matters.
7.4 Supervision of operation
7.4.1 The disposal site operating unit should be responsible for daily monitoring of the on-site environment, which should include: a. Measurement of surface contamination;
b. Analysis and measurement of groundwater samples;
Analysis and measurement of geotechnical samples on the surface and at a certain depth; c
Analysis and measurement of plant samples;
d.
Analysis of air samples Measurement;
e.
f.
Radiometric blue testing;
Periodic inspection of the integrity of the cover on top of the disposal unit. g.
7.4.2 The external environment monitoring plan of the disposal site should be implemented independently by the local environmental protection department and the disposal site operating unit. 7.4.3 Environmental monitoring results should be reported regularly to national and local environmental protection departments. If any abnormal situation is discovered, it should be reported immediately and truthfully. The operating unit should regularly evaluate the monitoring results and report them as required. 7.5 Abnormal situations
7.5.1 The disposal site should have emergency measures and remedial means to deal with the following abnormal situations, such as unclear waste cards, waste packaging Failure or rupture, waste scattering, and abnormal release of radioactive materials are found to prevent or minimize the spread of contamination. 7.5.2 Once an accident that may cause pollution occurs, the disposal site operating unit should determine the location, nuclides, level, scope and occurrence process of the pollution as soon as possible to determine the remedial measures that should be taken. If an accident is serious enough that the disposal unit must be opened, careful planning should be made in advance and necessary measures should be taken to limit the spread of contamination (including air pollution, water pollution, and material contamination). 7.5.3 If there is indeed evidence that the environment has been polluted, the operating unit shall be responsible for completing the entire pollution elimination action under the supervision of the national and local environmental protection departments and investigating the cause of the pollution. 8 Closure of disposal sites
8.1 Conditions for closure
8.1.1 When the quantity of waste or the total radioactivity limit allowed for disposal by the operating license has been reached, the disposal site should be closed normally. 8.1.2 When it is discovered that there are irreversible errors in the design of the disposal system or the selection of the site, or a serious accident occurs, or an unforeseen natural disaster occurs that makes the disposal site no longer suitable for the disposal of radioactive waste, the disposal site should be closed abnormally. . Abnormal closures should be planned accordingly in advance. The implementation of abnormal closure must be approved by the national environmental protection department. 8.2 Closure
8.2.1 After the disposal site is closed, it should still be controlled within the specified site control period to ensure that it meets the radiation protection requirements and has no adverse effects on the environment, and It is guaranteed that no intrusion into the disposal site will occur during this period. 8.2.2 After the disposal site is closed, it generally goes through three stages: a. closed stage. Newly closed disposal sites should remain closed, with access to the site only for surveillance purposes; b. semi-closed stage. When it is proven that the hazard of the waste is already very small and the covering layer of the waste is intact, entry into the site can be allowed, but operations such as excavation or drilling are not allowed;
c. Opening stage. After reaching the specified site control period and verifying that the radioactivity of the waste has dropped to a level that does not require radiation protection, the site can be fully opened.
8.2.3 National and local environmental protection departments should agree with relevant departments on specific institutions to be responsible for managing and executing tasks after the disposal site is closed. 8.2.4 The costs required for maintenance, monitoring and emergency measures after the disposal site is closed should be budgeted before the operation of the disposal site and withdrawn in a certain proportion from the charges for waste disposal. In order to adapt to various changes that may be encountered, the cost should be re-estimated from time to time and necessary adjustments should be made. 8.3 Supervision
Supervision after the disposal site is closed, such as environmental monitoring, access restrictions, facility maintenance, file preservation, and possible emergency actions, should be carried out with the participation of national and local environmental protection departments. 9 Safety Assessment
In order to estimate the functions of waste disposal facilities and compare them with the requirements of 8.1, safety analysis and environmental impact assessment must be carried out when selecting options, determining sites, designing, operating and closing disposal sites. 9.1 Requirements for the site selection stage
The approval documents for applying for a confirmed site must include a safety analysis report and an environmental impact report. The report should include the following main contents:
a. Implementation of relevant national standards and the safety requirements involved in this standard, existing problems and measures taken; b. Analysis of the possible transfer of radionuclides from the disposal site to humans The quantity and probability of the environment, the mechanism, route and rate of entering the human body, and preliminary (in the case of insufficient data, safer assumptions can be used) to estimate the public exposure to the disposal site under normal conditions, natural events and man-made events. Individual dose equivalent and collective dose equivalent, and make a safety evaluation; c. Preliminarily analyze and evaluate the impact of the disposal site on the environment during each stage of construction, operation and closure, as well as the possible impact of the surrounding environment on the disposal site.
9.2 Requirements for the design stage
In the preliminary design stage of the disposal site, there should be safety analysis and environmental protection design documents, which should include two main aspects; a. Discuss the projects taken to achieve the requirements of this standard measures and their reliability; b. Further demonstrate the content of the safety analysis report and environmental impact report in the site selection stage, and estimate the dose equivalent to the public and operators during the operation phase based on the design parameters, as well as the dose equivalent to the public after the disposal site is closed. , and consider and evaluate the possible harm to the environment and humans caused by disposal sites when natural and man-made events occur. 9.3 Requirements for the operation and closure stages
Before the disposal site is put into operation and before the disposal site is closed, the approval procedures must be completed in accordance with national regulations. The classification of the three stages of "closed", "semi-closed" and "open" after the closure of the disposal site should go through safety analysis and evaluation, and can only be implemented after approval by the national environmental protection department.
During the operation stage of the disposal site and the closed and semi-closed stages after the disposal site is closed, environmental quality should be evaluated regularly based on environmental monitoring data. When abnormal conditions occur due to man-made or natural events that affect the expected functions of the disposal site, timely analysis and evaluation should be carried out, and reports should be made to the national and local environmental protection departments. Additional notes:
GB9132-88
This standard was proposed by the National Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. This standard was drafted by the Second Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Xiande, Yao Zhiping, Yang Liji, Zhang Xinbao and Gao Yuzhu. The National Environmental Protection Administration is responsible for interpreting this standard.1 The disposal site operating unit must comply with the provisions of the operation license and formulate corresponding operating procedures in accordance with the regulations. 7.3.2 Waste disposal operations include the transportation of waste, the placement of waste, and the closure of the disposal unit. The safety of operators and the public should be ensured throughout the entire disposal operation. 7.3.3 The placement of waste should be conducive to the closure of the disposal unit, and should not cause adverse effects on safe isolation (such as water accumulation, leakage, etc.). 7.3.4 The waste disposal operation file should include the date and location of waste disposal, as well as the most basic data of the waste, namely; the serial number of the waste barrel or box, the place of origin, the main radionuclides in the waste, the total activity and the specific activity , radiation levels, volume and weight of waste, and problems with disposal operations. The disposal site operating unit shall be responsible for properly keeping the operation files, and copies thereof shall be handed over to relevant departments for preservation in accordance with regulations. 7.3.5 Permanent signs should be set up at appropriate locations near the waste disposal site and disposal unit to indicate the location of waste burial and related matters.
7.4 Supervision of operation
7.4.1 The disposal site operating unit should be responsible for daily monitoring of the on-site environment, which should include: a. Measurement of surface contamination;
b. Analysis and measurement of groundwater samples;
Analysis and measurement of geotechnical samples on the surface and at a certain depth; c
Analysis and measurement of plant samples;
d.
Analysis of air samples Measurement;
e.
f.
Radiometric blue testing;
Periodic inspection of the integrity of the cover on top of the disposal unit. g.
7.4.2 The external environment monitoring plan of the disposal site should be implemented independently by the local environmental protection department and the disposal site operating unit. 7.4.3 Environmental monitoring results should be reported regularly to national and local environmental protection departments. If any abnormal situation is discovered, it should be reported immediately and truthfully. The operating unit should regularly evaluate the monitoring results and report them as required. 7.5 Abnormal situations
7.5.1 The disposal site should have emergency measures and remedial means to deal with the following abnormal situations, such as unclear waste cards, waste packaging Failure or rupture, waste scattering, and abnormal release of radioactive materials are found to prevent or minimize the spread of contamination. 7.5.2 Once an accident that may cause pollution occurs, the disposal site operating unit should determine the location, nuclides, level, scope and occurrence process of the pollution as soon as possible to determine the remedial measures that should be taken. If an accident is serious enough that the disposal unit must be opened, careful planning should be made in advance and necessary measures should be taken to limit the spread of contamination (including air pollution, water pollution, and material contamination). 7.5.3 If there is indeed evidence that the environment has been polluted, the operating unit shall be responsible for completing the entire pollution elimination action under the supervision of the national and local environmental protection departments and investigating the cause of the pollution. 8 Closure of disposal sites
8.1 Conditions for closure
8.1.1 When the quantity of waste or the total radioactivity limit allowed for disposal by the operating license has been reached, the disposal site should be closed normally. 8.1.2 When it is discovered that there are irreversible errors in the design of the disposal system or the selection of the site, or a serious accident occurs, or an unforeseen natural disaster occurs that makes the disposal site no longer suitable for the disposal of radioactive waste, the disposal site should be closed abnormally. . Abnormal closures should be planned accordingly in advance. The implementation of abnormal closure must be approved by the national environmental protection department. 8.2 Closure
8.2.1 After the disposal site is closed, it should still be controlled within the specified site control period to ensure that it meets the radiation protection requirements and has no adverse effects on the environment, and It is guaranteed that no intrusion into the disposal site will occur during this period. 8.2.2 After the disposal site is closed, it generally goes through three stages: a. closed stage. Newly closed disposal sites should remain closed, with access to the site only for surveillance purposes; b. semi-closed stage. When it is proved that the hazard of the waste is already very small and the covering layer of the waste is intact, entry into the site can be allowed, but operations such as excavation or drilling are not allowed;
c. Opening stage. After reaching the specified site control period and verifying that the radioactivity of the waste has dropped to a level that does not require radiation protection, the site can be fully opened.
8.2.3 National and local environmental protection departments should agree with relevant departments on specific institutions to be responsible for managing and executing tasks after the disposal site is closed. 8.2.4 The costs for maintenance, monitoring and emergency measures after the disposal site is closed should be budgeted before the operation of the disposal site and withdrawn in a certain proportion from the charges for waste disposal. In order to adapt to various changes that may be encountered, the cost should be re-estimated from time to time and necessary adjustments should be made. 8.3 Supervision
Supervision after the disposal site is closed, such as environmental monitoring, access restrictions, facility maintenance, file preservation, and possible emergency actions, should be carried out with the participation of national and local environmental protection departments. 9 Safety Assessment
In order to estimate the functions of waste disposal facilities and compare them with the requirements of 8.1, safety analysis and environmental impact assessment must be carried out when selecting options, determining sites, designing, operating and closing disposal sites. 9.1 Requirements for the site selection stage
The approval documents for applying for a confirmed site must include a safety analysis report and an environmental impact report. The report should include the following main contents:
a. Implementation of relevant national standards and the safety requirements involved in this standard, existing problems and measures taken; b. Analysis of the possible transfer of radionuclides from the disposal site to humans The quantity and probability of the environment, the mechanism, route and rate of entering the human body, and preliminary (in the case of insufficient data, safer assumptions can be used) to estimate the public exposure to the disposal site under normal conditions, natural events and man-made events. Individual dose equivalent and collective dose equivalent, and make a safety evaluation; c. Preliminarily analyze and evaluate the impact of the disposal site on the environment during each stage of construction, operation and closure, as well as the possible impact of the surrounding environment on the disposal site.
9.2 Requirements for the design stage
In the preliminary design stage of the disposal site, there should be safety analysis and environmental protection design documents, which should include two main aspects; a. Discuss the projects taken to achieve the requirements of this standard measures and their reliability; b. Further demonstrate the content of the safety analysis report and environmental impact report in the site selection stage, and estimate the dose equivalent to the public and operators during the operation phase based on the design parameters, as well as the dose equivalent to the public after the disposal site is closed. , and consider and evaluate the possible harm to the environment and humans caused by disposal sites when natural and man-made events occur. 9.3 Requirements for the operation and closure stages
Before the disposal site is put into operation and before the disposal site is closed, the approval procedures must be completed in accordance with national regulations. The classification of the three stages of "closed", "semi-closed" and "open" after the closure of the disposal site should be carried out after safety analysis and evaluation, and only after approval by the national environmental protection department.
During the operation stage of the disposal site and the closed and semi-closed stages after the disposal site is closed, environmental quality should be evaluated regularly based on environmental monitoring data. When abnormal conditions occur due to man-made or natural events that affect the expected functions of the disposal site, analysis and evaluation should be carried out in a timely manner and reported to the national and local environmental protection departments. Additional notes:
GB9132-88
This standard was proposed by the National Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. This standard was drafted by the Second Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Xiande, Yao Zhiping, Yang Liji, Zhang Xinbao and Gao Yuzhu. The National Environmental Protection Administration is responsible for interpreting this standard.1 The disposal site operating unit must comply with the provisions of the operation license and formulate corresponding operating procedures in accordance with the regulations. 7.3.2 Waste disposal operations include the transportation of waste, the placement of waste, and the closure of the disposal unit. The safety of operators and the public should be ensured throughout the entire disposal operation. 7.3.3 The placement of waste should be conducive to the closure of the disposal unit, and should not cause adverse effects on safe isolation (such as water accumulation, leakage, etc.). 7.3.4 The waste disposal operation file should include the date and location of waste disposal, as well as the most basic data of the waste, namely; the serial number of the waste barrel or box, the place of origin, the main radionuclides in the waste, the total activity and the specific activity , radiation levels, volume and weight of waste, and problems with disposal operations. The disposal site operating unit shall be responsible for properly keeping the operation files, and copies thereof shall be handed over to relevant departments for preservation in accordance with regulations. 7.3.5 Permanent signs should be set up at appropriate locations near the waste disposal site and disposal unit to indicate the location of waste burial and related matters.
7.4 Supervision of operation
7.4.1 The disposal site operating unit should be responsible for daily monitoring of the on-site environment, which should include: a. Measurement of surface contamination;
b. Analysis and measurement of groundwater samples;
Analysis and measurement of geotechnical samples on the surface and at a certain depth; c
Analysis and measurement of plant samples;
d.
Analysis of air samples Measurement;
e.
f.
Radiometric blue testing;
Periodic inspection of the integrity of the cover on top of the disposal unit. g.
7.4.2 The external environment monitoring plan of the disposal site should be implemented independently by the local environmental protection department and the disposal site operating unit. 7.4.3 Environmental monitoring results should be reported regularly to national and local environmental protection departments. If any abnormal situation is discovered, it should be reported immediately and truthfully. The operating unit should regularly evaluate the monitoring results and report them as required. 7.5 Abnormal situations
7.5.1 The disposal site should have emergency measures and remedial means to deal with the following abnormal situations, such as unclear waste cards, waste packaging Failure or rupture, waste scattering, and abnormal release of radioactive materials are found to prevent or minimize the spread of contamination. 7.5.2 Once an accident that may cause pollution occurs, the disposal site operating unit should determine the location, nuclides, level, scope and occurrence process of the pollution as soon as possible to determine the remedial measures that should be taken. If an accident is serious enough that the disposal unit must be opened, careful planning should be made in advance and necessary measures should be taken to limit the spread of contamination (including air pollution, water pollution, and material contamination). 7.5.3 If there is indeed evidence that the environment has been polluted, the operating unit shall be responsible for completing the entire pollution elimination action under the supervision of the national and local environmental protection departments and investigating the cause of the pollution. 8 Closure of disposal sites
8.1 Conditions for closure
8.1.1 When the quantity of waste or the total radioactivity limit allowed for disposal by the operating license has been reached, the disposal site should be closed normally. 8.1.2 When it is discovered that there are irreversible errors in the design of the disposal system or the selection of the site, or a serious accident occurs, or an unforeseen natural disaster occurs that makes the disposal site no longer suitable for the disposal of radioactive waste, the disposal site should be closed abnormally. . Abnormal closures should be planned accordingly in advance. The implementation of abnormal closure must be approved by the national environmental protection department. 8.2 Closure
8.2.1 After the disposal site is closed, it should still be controlled within the specified site control period to ensure that it meets the radiation protection requirements and has no adverse effects on the environment, and It is guaranteed that no intrusion into the disposal site will occur during this period. 8.2.2 After the disposal site is closed, it generally goes through three stages: a. closed stage. The newly closed disposal site should remain closed, with access to the site only for surveillance purposes; b. semi-closed stage. When it is proven that the hazard of the waste is already very small and the covering layer of the waste is intact, entry into the site can be allowed, but operations such as excavation or drilling are not allowed;
c. Opening stage. After reaching the specified site control period and verifying that the radioactivity of the waste has dropped to a level that does not require radiation protection, the site can be fully opened.
8.2.3 National and local environmental protection departments should agree with relevant departments on specific institutions to be responsible for managing and executing tasks after the disposal site is closed. 8.2.4 The costs required for maintenance, monitoring and emergency measures after the disposal site is closed should be budgeted before the operation of the disposal site and withdrawn in a certain proportion from the charges for waste disposal. In order to adapt to various changes that may be encountered, the cost should be re-estimated from time to time and necessary adjustments should be made. 8.3 Supervision
Supervision after the disposal site is closed, such as environmental monitoring, access restrictions, facility maintenance, file preservation, and possible emergency actions, should be carried out with the participation of national and local environmental protection departments. 9 Safety Assessment
In order to estimate the functions of waste disposal facilities and compare them with the requirements of 8.1, safety analysis and environmental impact assessment must be carried out when selecting options, determining sites, designing, operating and closing disposal sites. 9.1 Requirements for the site selection stage
The approval documents for applying for a confirmed site must include a safety analysis report and an environmental impact report. The report should include the following main contents:
a. Implementation of relevant national standards and the safety requirements involved in this standard, existing problems and measures taken; b. Analysis of the possible transfer of radionuclides from the disposal site to humans The quantity and probability of the environment, the mechanism, route and rate of entering the human body, and preliminary (in the case of insufficient data, safer assumptions can be used) to estimate the public exposure to the disposal site under normal conditions, natural events and man-made events. Individual dose equivalent and collective dose equivalent, and make a safety evaluation; c. Preliminarily analyze and evaluate the impact of the disposal site on the environment during each stage of construction, operation and closure, as well as the possible impact of the surrounding environment on the disposal site.
9.2 Requirements for the design stage
In the preliminary design stage of the disposal site, there should be safety analysis and environmental protection design documents, which should include two main aspects; a. Discuss the projects taken to achieve the requirements of this standard measures and their reliability; b. Further demonstrate the content of the safety analysis report and environmental impact report in the site selection stage, and estimate the dose equivalent to the public and operators during the operation phase based on the design parameters, as well as the dose equivalent to the public after the disposal site is closed. , and consider and evaluate the possible harm to the environment and humans caused by disposal sites when natural and man-made events occur. 9.3 Requirements for the operation and closure stages
Before the disposal site is put into operation and before the disposal site is closed, the approval procedures must be completed in accordance with national regulations. The classification of the three stages of "closed", "semi-closed" and "open" after the closure of the disposal site should be carried out after safety analysis and evaluation, and only after approval by the national environmental protection department.
During the operation stage of the disposal site and the closed and semi-closed stages after the disposal site is closed, environmental quality should be evaluated regularly based on environmental monitoring data. When abnormal conditions occur due to man-made or natural events that affect the expected functions of the disposal site, analysis and evaluation should be carried out in a timely manner and reported to the national and local environmental protection departments. Additional notes:
GB9132-88
This standard was proposed by the National Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. This standard was drafted by the Second Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Xiande, Yao Zhiping, Yang Liji, Zhang Xinbao and Gao Yuzhu. The National Environmental Protection Administration is responsible for interpreting this standard.2 The external environment monitoring plan of the disposal site should be implemented independently by the local environmental protection department and the disposal site operating unit. 7.4.3 Environmental monitoring results should be reported regularly to national and local environmental protection departments. If any abnormal situation is discovered, it should be reported immediately and truthfully. The operating unit should regularly evaluate the monitoring results and report them as required. 7.5 Abnormal situations
7.5.1 The disposal site should have emergency measures and remedial means to deal with the following abnormal situations, such as unclear waste cards, waste packaging Failure or rupture, waste scattering, and abnormal release of radioactive materials are found to prevent or minimize the spread of contamination. 7.5.2 Once an accident that may cause pollution occurs, the disposal site operating unit should determine the location, nuclides, level, scope and occurrence process of the pollution as soon as possible to determine the remedial measures that should be taken. If an accident is serious enough that the disposal unit must be opened, careful planning should be made in advance and necessary measures should be taken to limit the spread of contamination (including air pollution, water pollution, and material contamination). 7.5.3 If there is indeed evidence that the environment has been polluted, the operating unit shall be responsible for completing the entire pollution elimination action under the supervision of the national and local environmental protection departments and investigating the cause of the pollution. 8 Closure of disposal sites
8.1 Conditions for closure
8.1.1 When the quantity of waste or the total radioactivity limit allowed for disposal by the operating license has been reached, the disposal site should be closed normally. 8.1.2 When it is discovered that there are irreversible errors in the design of the disposal system or the selection of the site, or a serious accident occurs, or an unforeseen natural disaster occurs that makes the disposal site no longer suitable for the disposal of radioactive waste, the disposal site should be closed abnormally. . Abnormal closures should be planned accordingly in advance. The implementation of abnormal closure must be approved by the national environmental protection department. 8.2 Closure
8.2.1 After the disposal site is closed, it should still be controlled within the specified site control period to ensure that it meets the radiation protection requirements and has no adverse effects on the environment, and It is guaranteed that no intrusion into the disposal site will occur during this period. 8.2.2 After the disposal site is closed, it generally goes through three stages: a. closed stage. The newly closed disposal site should remain closed, with access to the site only for surveillance purposes; b. semi-closed stage. When it is proven that the hazard of the waste is already very small and the covering layer of the waste is intact, entry into the site can be allowed, but operations such as excavation or drilling are not allowed;
c. Opening stage. After reaching the specified site control period and verifying that the radioactivity of the waste has dropped to a level that does not require radiation protection, the site can be fully opened.
8.2.3 National and local environmental protection departments should agree with relevant departments on specific institutions to be responsible for managing and executing tasks after the disposal site is closed. 8.2.4 The costs required for maintenance, monitoring and emergency measures after the disposal site is closed should be budgeted before the operation of the disposal site and withdrawn in a certain proportion from the charges for waste disposal. In order to adapt to various changes that may be encountered, the cost should be re-estimated from time to time and necessary adjustments should be made. 8.3 Supervision
Supervision after the disposal site is closed, such as environmental monitoring, access restrictions, facility maintenance, file preservation, and possible emergency actions, should be carried out with the participation of national and local environmental protection departments. 9 Safety Assessment
In order to estimate the functions of waste disposal facilities and compare them with the requirements of 8.1, safety analysis and environmental impact assessment must be carried out when selecting options, determining sites, designing, operating and closing disposal sites. 9.1 Requirements for the site selection stage
The approval documents for applying for a confirmed site must include a safety analysis report and an environmental impact report. The report should include the following main contents:
a. Implementation of relevant national standards and the safety requirements involved in this standard, existing problems and measures taken; b. Analysis of the possible transfer of radionuclides from the disposal site to humans The quantity and probability of the environment, the mechanism, route and rate of entering the human body, and preliminary (in the case of insufficient data, safer assumptions can be used) to estimate the public exposure to the disposal site under normal conditions, natural events and man-made events. Individual dose equivalent and collective dose equivalent, and make a safety evaluation; c. Preliminarily analyze and evaluate the impact of the disposal site on the environment during each stage of construction, operation and closure, as well as the possible impact of the surrounding environment on the disposal site.
9.2 Requirements for the design stagewww.bzxz.net
In the preliminary design stage of the disposal site, there should be safety analysis and environmental protection design documents, which should include two main aspects; a. Discuss the projects taken to achieve the requirements of this standard measures and their reliability; b. Further demonstrate the content of the safety analysis report and environmental impact report in the site selection stage, and estimate the dose equivalent to the public and operators during the operation phase based on the design parameters, as well as the dose equivalent to the public after the disposal site is closed. , and consider and evaluate the possible harm to the environment and humans caused by disposal sites when natural and man-made events occur. 9.3 Requirements for the operation and closure stages
Before the disposal site is put into operation and before the disposal site is closed, the approval procedures must be completed in accordance with national regulations. The classification of the three stages of "closed", "semi-closed" and "open" after the closure of the disposal site should be carried out after safety analysis and evaluation, and only after approval by the national environmental protection department.
During the operation stage of the disposal site and the closed and semi-closed stages after the disposal site is closed, environmental quality should be evaluated regularly based on environmental monitoring data. When abnormal conditions occur due to man-made or natural events that affect the expected functions of the disposal site, analysis and evaluation should be carried out in a timely manner and reported to the national and local environmental protection departments. Additional notes:
GB9132-88
This standard was proposed by the National Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. This standard was drafted by the Second Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Xiande, Yao Zhiping, Yang Liji, Zhang Xinbao and Gao Yuzhu. The National Environmental Protection Administration is responsible for interpreting this standard.2 The external environment monitoring plan of the disposal site should be implemented independently by the local environmental protection department and the disposal site operating unit. 7.4.3 Environmental monitoring results should be reported regularly to national and local environmental protection departments. If any abnormal situation is discovered, it should be reported immediately and truthfully. The operating unit should regularly evaluate the monitoring results and report them as required. 7.5 Abnormal situations
7.5.1 The disposal site should have emergency measures and remedial means to deal with the following abnormal situations, such as unclear waste cards, waste packaging Failure or rupture, waste scattering, and abnormal release of radioactive materials are found to prevent or minimize the spread of contamination. 7.5.2 Once an accident that may cause pollution occurs, the disposal site operating unit should determine the location, nuclides, level, scope and occurrence process of the pollution as soon as possible to determine the remedial measures that should be taken. If an accident is serious enough that the disposal unit must be opened, careful planning should be made in advance and necessary measures should be taken to limit the spread of contamination (including air pollution, water pollution, and material contamination). 7.5.3 If there is indeed evidence that the environment has been polluted, the operating unit shall be responsible for completing the entire pollution elimination action under the supervision of the national and local environmental protection departments and investigating the cause of the pollution. 8 Closure of disposal sites
8.1 Conditions for closure
8.1.1 When the quantity of waste or the total radioactivity limit allowed for disposal by the operating license has been reached, the disposal site should be closed normally. 8.1.2 When it is discovered that there are irreversible errors in the design of the disposal system or the selection of the site, or a serious accident occurs, or an unforeseen natural disaster occurs that makes the disposal site no longer suitable for the disposal of radioactive waste, the disposal site should be closed abnormally. . Abnormal closures should be planned accordingly in advance. The implementation of abnormal closure must be approved by the national environmental protection department. 8.2 Closure
8.2.1 After the disposal site is closed, it should still be controlled within the specified site control period to ensure that it meets the radiation protection requirements and has no adverse effects on the environment, and It is guaranteed that no intrusion into the disposal site will occur during this period. 8.2.2 After the disposal site is closed, it generally goes through three stages: a. closed stage. The newly closed disposal site should remain closed, with access to the site only for surveillance purposes; b. semi-closed stage. When it is proved that the hazard of the waste is already very small and the covering layer of the waste is intact, entry into the site can be allowed, but operations such as excavation or drilling are not allowed;
c. Opening stage. After reaching the specified site control period and verifying that the radioactivity of the waste has dropped to a level that does not require radiation protection, the site can be fully opened.
8.2.3 National and local environmental protection departments should agree with relevant departments on specific institutions to be responsible for managing and executing tasks after the disposal site is closed. 8.2.4 The costs for maintenance, monitoring and emergency measures after the disposal site is closed should be budgeted before the operation of the disposal site and withdrawn in a certain proportion from the charges for waste disposal. In order to adapt to various changes that may be encountered, the cost should be re-estimated from time to time and necessary adjustments should be made. 8.3 Supervision
Supervision after the disposal site is closed, such as environmental monitoring, access restrictions, facility maintenance, file preservation, and possible emergency actions, should be carried out with the participation of national and local environmental protection departments. 9 Safety Assessment
In order to estimate the functions of waste disposal facilities and compare them with the requirements of 8.1, safety analysis and environmental impact assessment must be carried out when selecting options, determining sites, designing, operating and closing disposal sites. 9.1 Requirements for the site selection stage
The approval documents for applying for a confirmed site must include a safety analysis report and an environmental impact report. The report should include the following main contents:
a. Implementation of relevant national standards and the safety requirements involved in this standard, existing problems and measures taken; b. Analysis of the possible transfer of radionuclides from the disposal site to humans The quantity and probability of the environment, the mechanism, route and rate of entering the human body, and preliminary (in the case of insufficient data, safer assumptions can be used) to estimate the public exposure to the disposal site under normal conditions, natural events and man-made events. Individual dose equivalent and collective dose equivalent, and make a safety evaluation; c. Preliminarily analyze and evaluate the impact of the disposal site on the environment during each stage of construction, operation and closure, as well as the possible impact of the surrounding environment on the disposal site.
9.2 Requirements for the design stage
In the preliminary design stage of the disposal site, there should be safety analysis and environmental protection design documents, which should include two main aspects; a. Discuss the projects taken to achieve the requirements of this standard mea
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