GB/T 19571-2004 Technical Specifications for the Management of Marine Nature Reserves
Some standard content:
ICS 07. 060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 19571--2004
Technical specification for the management of marine protected areas
Technical specification for the management of marine protected areas2004-07-26Promulgated
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
2005-01-01Implementation
GB/T19571-2004
This standard is proposed and interpreted by the State Oceanic Administration. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Center for Marine Standards and Metrology. Foreword
This standard was drafted by the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, and the Department of Marine Environmental Protection, State Oceanic Administration. The main drafters of this standard are Zhou Qiulin, Lv Caixia, Qiu Huibao, Wang Yanxiang, Liu Qikai, Zeng Zhaoshuang, etc. 1 Standard
Technical Specification for Management of Marine Nature Reserves
GB/T 19571--2004
This standard specifies the technical specifications for survey, environmental protection and restoration, scientific research, publicity and education, public participation, development activities and archive management of marine nature reserves in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China. This standard applies to the management of marine nature reserves in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China. 2 Normative References
The following clauses become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, it is encouraged to reach an agreement based on this standard. All parties concerned should study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any referenced documents without a date, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB5749 Sanitary standard for drinking water
GB12460 Application record format for marine data
GB12763.6 Marine survey specification Marine biological survey GB17378.7 Marine monitoring specification Ecological survey and biological monitoring of offshore pollution HY057--2001 Archives business specifications for marine management agencies 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Marine nature reserve
mariae Bature regerves
A certain area of coast, estuary, bay, island, coastal beach, coastal land or sea area including the protected object is divided according to law for special protection and management for the purpose of protecting the marine natural environment and resources (see 13.1 in GB/T17504). 3.2
ecosystemecosystem
The unity of biological community and the surrounding environment and its ecological unit with relatively stable functions and self-regulation (see 2.94 in GB/T 15919).
Biological communitybiological communityThe various biological populations living in a certain sea area interact with each other and form an organic whole with internal connection and mutual restraint in structure and function (see 2 in GB/T14529) 3.4
Ecological micro-areaecological sensitive area Area is an area that plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance or ecological functions and is extremely susceptible to change and damage. 3.5
Ecological monitoring of marine nature reserves The process of continuous observation and ecological quality evaluation of biological populations, communities and non-biological environments in marine nature reserves according to pre-designed time and space, using comparable technical methods. 3.6
Index system for marine ecological monitoring GB/T 19571--2004
Applying the principles of physiology, combining the characteristics of oceanography and marine biology, and summarizing from the perspective of ecology, a qualitative and quantitative index system that can directly analyze and evaluate the ecological quality status and change trend of marine nature reserves. 4 Construction of marine nature reserves
4.1 Organization and staffing
4.1.1 Organization establishment
Marine nature reserves should have corresponding management agencies. The management organization of a national marine nature reserve is composed of a management department (department). According to its protection responsibilities and tasks, functional scope, etc., the management department (department) has administrative departments such as the administrative management department, scientific research management department, and resource protection management department. The management organization of a local marine nature reserve can refer to the principles for the establishment of a national marine nature reserve management organization and be established according to local actual conditions. Local marine nature reserves that meet the conditions should have police stations set up by the public security department. A community co-management system for marine nature reserves should be established. 4.1.2 Staffing
The staffing of marine nature reserve management personnel should be based on the principles of simplicity and efficiency, and management personnel should be assigned according to the specific tasks such as the area of the reserve, the nature of protection, the tasks, and the intensity of management.
The total number of management personnel in each reserve is generally not less than 10. The number of staff in protected areas located in areas with high population density or near cities can be increased accordingly; the number of staff in protected areas with low population density and less human impact can be reduced accordingly. In the staffing, administrative personnel (including bank leaders) generally do not exceed 20% of the total number of employees; professional personnel (including technical cadres and management personnel) generally do not exceed 60% of the total number of employees, and the number of post-professional personnel generally does not exceed 20% of the total number of employees. The educational level of administrative and technical cadres should be college or above, the educational level of technical workers should be commercial middle school or above, and the educational level of other personnel should be junior high school or above. The staff and age structure of different professional and technical personnel should be reasonable. 4.2 Marine Nature Reserve Planning
4.2.1 Purpose of Planning
Planning is to clearly define and coordinate the construction and development of marine nature reserves, set goals, provide policy guidance and incorporate regulations into local social and economic development plans, and also provide a basis for the formulation of annual plans for protected areas and the construction of protected areas during the planning period. 4.2.2 Guiding ideology of planning
According to the needs of national and local economic and social development and marine development, formulate the route, policies, principles and goals to be achieved for the development of marine nature reserves during the planning period. 4.2.3 Principles of planning
The principles of planning are as follows:
1. The planning should adhere to the principle of sustainable development of marine resources; handle the relationship between marine resource development and ecosystem and environmental protection; 2. The planning should implement the principle of coordination between marine protection and economic development, coordinate the relationship between protection and development, development and conditions, short-term and long-term, individual and overall, key and general, and make adjustments as time, conditions and needs change; 3. The planning should implement the principle of overall protection and truly play a protective role in the main protection objects of the reserve; 4. The planning should adhere to the principle of classified management, establish a regional classification system and an indicator system, and implement specific management; 5. The planning should implement the principle of public participation, fully publicize and educate the masses, and obtain the support and support of the public to the greatest extent; 6. The planning should reflect the principle of comprehensive benefits and fully balance the comprehensive benefits of economy, society, environment and resources. 1. The planning should take full account of the local economic development status and national cultural habits. 4.2.4 Planning period work objectives
The planning work objectives are the basis for planning tasks and basic measures, including the qualitative and quantitative development objectives of the construction of the Haixiang Nature Reserve during the planning period. Long-term planning must have macro-level self-standardization and price-level self-standardization. According to the overall protection plan of the sea area where the marine natural reserve is located and the guiding ideology of the reserve planning, the overall goal, stage goal and various construction standards of the plan shall be determined.
4.2.5 Main contents of the plan
GB/T 19571~--2004
The plan must determine specific tasks and main contents around the planning objectives, including the construction and management tasks of the existing reserves, the selection, construction and management of new reserves and other special tasks. 4.2.6 Main measures of the plan
The main measures of the plan include organizational management measures, personnel training team building, equipment technology, basic construction, legal system and other measures. 4.2.7 Planning Time Arrangement
The planning cycle is 10 years, and the evaluation is conducted every 5 years. The planning schedule is formulated according to the phased goals, and the progress of each phase should have clear time assessment indicators.
4.2.8 Planning Fund Budget and Allocation
The planning should budget the total investment funds according to the purpose and clarify the source of funds; the allocation of funds must follow the principle of economy, reasonable prediction, calculate the investment funds of specific projects, and formulate a supervision mechanism for the use of funds. 4.2. 9 Planning Annexes
Planning documents include argumentation materials and appendices. The appendices include: planning task list, professional and technical personnel training plan list, capital construction project list, instrument and equipment purchase list, organization and personnel development list and budget details list. 4. 3 Planning Preparation
4.3.1 Organization of Preparation Work
According to the provisions of the Management Measures for Marine Nature Reserves, a marine nature reserve planning preparation team should be established under the leadership of the relevant competent authorities to be responsible for the preparation of the plan. The planning preparation team is usually composed of marine nature protection and management experts, local government planners and community representatives.
4. 3. 2 Preparation for Preparation Work
Before the preparation period, the structural framework of the plan should be determined in advance. Once the planning framework is approved by the competent authorities, it will become the normative outline for the planning preparation work.
The compilation team must collect existing information, including: 1) social, economic, environmental and cultural background information of the planning area 2) surveys of protected objects, scientific research results, 3) foreign marine nature protection planning information: 4) other relevant information.
Before the planning framework is determined, a planning seminar can be organized to invite relevant experts to discuss the current situation of marine nature protection construction, existing problems, development trends and countermeasures;
4.3.3 Soliciting opinions and revisions
The plan should be reviewed before it is submitted for review, and the opinions of experts and management departments should be solicited in the form of seminars, communications, written reports, etc.
4.3.4 Approval and implementation supervision of the plan
The marine nature reserve plan shall be reviewed, approved and supervised by the competent department. 4.4 The role of the annual plan
4.4.1 The annual plan is the specific work arrangement of the plan in that year, and is the basis for the selection, construction, management and scientific research activities of the marine nature reserve in that year.
4.4.2 Types of annual plans
Annual plans are divided into two categories: mandatory plans and guiding plans. The former must be implemented and completed according to the schedule requirements; the latter is not mandatory and can be implemented flexibly in combination with the actual situation of the region and the unit. 4.4.3 Contents of the annual plan
The annual plan should clearly define the goals, undertakers, progress and supervision and inspection methods, and should be accepted according to the annual control plan content. Among them, all large and important projects should be issued by the business department. The content includes: GB/T 19571—2004
The purpose and significance of the project;
Project goals!
Specific points of the project;
Project implementation plan:
Project responsible units and participating units;
Project start and end time and progress,
Project results requirements:
Project investment amount and funding method
Other requirements, etc.
4.4.4 Preparation of annual plan
The annual plan is prepared by the marine nature reserve management agency. The preparation is based on 1) Marine nature reserve planning
Tasks assigned by the national or local government:
3) New needs for the development of the protected area, etc. 4.4.5 Approval and implementation of annual plan
The annual plan of the marine nature reserve shall be approved by the competent department and implemented by the nature reserve. 4.5 System construction
4.5.1 Formulate management regulations for the reserve
The marine nature reserve management agency shall, based on the relevant national laws and regulations such as the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Nature Reserves" and the "Regulations on the Management of Marine Nature Reserves", in accordance with the principle of one area and one law and the characteristics of this protected area, organize the reform of the protection management regulations, methods or implementation details of the area under the leadership of the competent department, and submit them to the local people's congress or local people's government for approval and implementation. 4.5.2 Formulate the management system of the protected area
According to the objective requirements of protected area management, formulate the management system of the protected area, including the post fee system, finance, personnel, education and training, protection supervision, information management system and income distribution system, etc.: The management system of the protected area shall be submitted to the relevant departments for approval and implementation. 4.6 Engineering construction of protected areas
All engineering construction projects of marine nature reserves must be approved by the competent departments of the state or the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government). 4.6.1 Construction of basic facilities
4.6.1.1 Construction of basic office and living facilities The management bureau (department) of the protected area shall be located in the residential area near the town or the traffic line. The staff dormitory and living supporting facilities of the management bureau (department) can be located at the location of the bureau (department). For protected areas with large protection areas, many protection objects and heavy tasks, protection stations can be set up according to needs. 4.6.1.2 Road Traffic Construction
Road traffic construction in marine nature reserves should make full use of existing traffic facilities in the reserve: roads that need to be built should be designed according to the natural terrain and try not to damage the natural landscape and vegetation. External traffic is the connection line between the management bureau (department) and the national or local highway wharf, and the road surface grade should meet the requirements of being suitable for vehicles in sunny and rainy weather. Internal traffic is the traffic route between the management bureau (department) and subordinate units or business activity sites. The mode of transportation should be determined according to local conditions and the ecological type of the reserve. Large-scale excavation of roads in tourist areas is prohibited. Except for the main roads, there are generally no motor vehicle lanes, and it is strictly prohibited to build cableways. 4.6.1.3 Transportation tools are set up
The reserve should be equipped with necessary transportation tools according to the needs of resource protection and supervision. The land transportation tools are mainly motor vehicles, and the vehicles must have high off-road performance. The ships for sea transportation should be able to meet the basic requirements of the sea conditions and monitoring and law enforcement of the reserve. 4.6.1.4 Design of power supply facilities
The power supply facilities in the protected area shall be reasonably designed according to the power supply conditions, power load and power supply mode. The construction of power supply sources and large power supply facilities shall be included in the power supply planning of the local area, and the existing power supply and power supply facilities of the state and the local area shall be used as much as possible: if there is a lack of existing power supply in the local area. The power supply can be prepared,
4.6.1.5 Construction of water supply and drainage projects
The water supply of the protected area is mainly used for the living, scientific research, production and fire fighting water of the management bureau (department). The water supply of the protected area shall make full use of the local pipeline water supply system. The protected area with only the pipeline water supply system can provide its own water source; the island protected area in the north should build a domestic water jet pool. The self-provided water source can ensure good water quality and meet the requirements of GB5749. The drainage project of the protected area must meet the discharge of domestic sewage, other sewage and rainwater, and the discharge of sewage shall be carried out in accordance with the local sewage discharge standard. 4.6.1.6 Construction of communication facilitiesbzxz.net
Marine natural protection should establish an information transmission system that is suitable for its work needs. The communication of the protected area should make full use of the local communication network. The management bureau (department) of the national protected area should be equipped with modern communication facilities that can communicate with domestic and foreign countries. If the management bureau (department) and the protection station cannot directly communicate using the local communication network, a radio communication network should be established. 4.6.2 Construction of protection projects
The construction of protection projects should include protection facilities such as boundary markers and signs in the protected area, monitoring lookouts, monitoring stations, and planting and breeding farms. Its establishment should be conducive to the protection of resources, should not damage the growth and habitat environment of species and the natural landscape of the protected area, and should be combined with other project facilities as much as possible to maximize its benefits. 4.6.3 Construction of scientific research facilities
The scale of scientific research facilities should be determined according to the characteristics, purpose and tasks of scientific research on marine natural protection. Marine nature reserves should be equipped with applicable scientific research instruments and equipment, including observation equipment, test and analysis instruments, scientific research data processing systems and special laboratories. 4.6.4 Construction of publicity and education facilities
Publicity and education facilities should include publicity and education centers, publicity boards, and electronic education facilities. Publicity and education facilities should be combined with scientific research facilities.
Construction of resource development and utilization projects
The principle of resource development and utilization project construction is that it should not affect or harm the protected objects, not interfere with the protection and management of the reserve and scientific experimental activities, have obvious social and economic benefits, have a positive role in promoting the protection and management of the reserve, and have a driving effect on the economic development of the surrounding areas.
The development project should undergo technical, economic and other feasibility studies and environmental impact assessments, and can only be carried out after approval by the competent department of the marine nature reserve.
5 Management of Marine Nature Reserves
5.1 Patrol Management
5.1.1 Division of Patrol Areas
The patrol areas are divided into key areas and general areas according to the functional areas of the reserve. The key areas are generally the core areas and the corresponding buffer areas, and the general areas are the experimental areas of the reserve and the buffer areas formed by trees. 5.1.2. Protection requirements
The protection focus of key areas is whether the core area is disturbed by external factors, whether the buffer zone plays a role in buffering external disturbances, etc. The focus of patrol in general areas is whether the protected objects and equipment and facilities are normal, and whether the activities allowed in the area violate management regulations. The patrol route, patrol cycle, transportation, required instruments and equipment, and patrol personnel should be determined. The relevant requirements are as follows: 1. The protection route should include the core area, buffer zone, experimental area and outer area of the protected area; the patrol frequency is determined according to the frequency of habitat activity during the protection cycle: 1. Transportation refers to cars, boats, etc.
2. The number of patrol personnel for each designated route shall not be less than 2, and the patrol personnel shall be dressed and certified. 5.1.3 Patrol report system
The protected area shall implement a patrol report system. The patrol personnel shall fill in a patrol record or log at the end of each patrol, and fill in a patrol GB/T19571-2004 monthly report for each area, and fill in an annual patrol report every year.
The daily and monthly reports and annual reports of the marine nature reserve are shown in Appendix A. The forms of the marine nature reserve law enforcement management log are shown in Table A, Table 1, Table 4.3.
5.2 Handling of Illegal and Irregular Events
The handling of illegal and irregular events must follow the following procedures; a) Investigation and evidence collection: Protect the scene and collect evidence on the scene; b) Handle in accordance with the law: For minor cases, the reserve shall handle it by itself and report it to the higher-level competent department; For serious cases, it shall put forward handling opinions. After consulting the competent department for approval, it shall be implemented:) Violators shall be handled according to judicial procedures.
5.3 Management of sudden events
For sudden events such as man-made or natural disasters, the reserve shall immediately take emergency protection measures, report to the competent department in a timely manner, and inform the units and residents that may be harmed. Afterwards, the results of the incident handling shall be reported to the competent department. 6 Ecological monitoring of marine nature reserves
6.f Inventory
The ecological monitoring of marine nature reserves should be based on resource inventory and evaluate resource changes according to the results of ecological monitoring. 6.2 Purpose of ecological monitoring
The purpose of marine ecological monitoring is to understand the impact, harm and laws of human activities and natural factors on the protected objects and related factors, and to provide a basis for adjusting protection measures and improving protection management. It is also an important part of protecting ecology. 6.3 Ecological monitoring indicator system and content
According to the nature of the indicators, the on-site measured indicator system of marine ecological monitoring (see Table 1) can be divided into two major series: biological ecological factor monitoring indicators and non-biological ecological factor monitoring indicators. Each series can be divided into several indicator groups and their specific indicators. These indicators specifically explain the content of ecological monitoring. Each protected area should select monitoring indicators based on the key protection targets and use advanced means such as remote sensing as much as possible. 6.4 Key objectives of ecological monitoring
According to the specific characteristics of each marine nature reserve, the corresponding key monitoring indicators should be determined respectively. Marine nature reserves of natural ecosystems should give priority to monitoring the productivity and biodiversity of ecosystems, species diversity of biological communities, spatial structure of reserves (changes in the area of important ecological types, and possible pollutants and their content); marine nature reserves for rare and endangered species should give priority to monitoring the population size and population structure (species proportion, age composition, etc.) of key protected species and their directly related biological and non-biological ecological factor monitoring indicators; marine nature reserves included in the national marine ecological monitoring network should, according to the requirements of the network, add unified and comparable common monitoring indicators. Table 1: Field-measured indicator system for marine ecological monitoring Indicator series Non-biological ecological Factors Indicators Indicator Groups Nutrients Hydrological Elements Pollutants PII, Total floating matter, total organic matter, nitrite, dissolved matter, chemical oxygen demand, organic matter, sulfide, particle size, redox potential, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, water depth, water temperature, salinity, current, waves, tide makeup, transparency, water color, sea ice, oil, fire six holes, DDT, polyamines, bacteria, volatile phenols, cyanide, radionuclides, mercury, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, total chromium, arsenic
Rivers flowing through Eggs, ecosystem area, ecosystem fragmentation index series
Biological ecology
Factor index
Indicator group
Phytoplankton community
Zooplankton community
Benthic animal community
Intertidal zone hook community
Microorganism
Fishery resources
Productivity
Protected species
6.5 Ecological monitoring methods
Table 1 (continued)
GB/T 19571--2004
Total number of cells, number of species, dominant species and dominance, number of dinoflagellates/diatoms, biomass (or total number of individuals), number of species, dominant species and dominance, species abundance, biological, number of species, dominant species and dominance, biological, number of species, dominant species and dominance, total number of sterile, number of fecal Escherichia coli
Total catch, species of catch, age composition of catch, species of aquaculture, rate, discharge of chlorophyll &. Primary productivity
Population density, biomass, age structure (individual composition) Monitoring of non-biological ecological factors in ecological monitoring indicators The indicators are all carried out according to the method specified in GB:7378.7; the biological ecological factor monitoring indicators are carried out according to the method specified in B12763.6. 6.6 The layout of ecological monitoring points
The layout of ecological monitoring stations in marine nature reserves should be based on the principle of objectively reflecting the overall spatial and temporal distribution of biological and non-biological elements in the reserve and their changing trends. - Generally, it should include two parts: the intertidal zone (and necessary land area) and the sea area. Once the monitoring station is determined, it must be fixed and cannot be changed at will.
Marine nature reserves that have been included in the national marine ecological monitoring network should implement it according to the requirements of the network. 6.6.1 Layout of intertidal zone ecological monitoring points
For intertidal zone (and necessary land) ecosystem marine nature reserves, radial or bundled monitoring sections should be set from the core area through the buffer zone to the experimental area, and several monitoring points should be set on each section according to different habitat types. 6.6.2 Layout of island ecological monitoring points
For marine ecosystem natural reserves, several vertical coast monitoring sections should be set from the intertidal zone around the sea plate to the subtidal zone, and several monitoring points should be set on each section according to different habitat types. For some intertidal zones on large islands and natural ecosystem natural reserves in their adjacent seas, the measurement points can be set in the same way as for intertidal zone ecosystem natural reserves. 6.6.3 Layout of offshore marine ecological monitoring points For rare and endangered species in high-shore seas and marine ecosystem nature reserves, grid-shaped measurement points can be set. 6.7 Frequency of ecological monitoring
The frequency of dust monitoring in marine nature reserves is once a year (once in spring, summer, autumn and winter), but the interval can be two or three years. In order to improve the comprehensive use value of monitoring data, it should be carried out in parallel with the monitoring of the national marine environment (pollution) monitoring network and the national marine ecological monitoring network as much as possible.
Scientific research and development of marine nature reserves 7.1 Content of scientific research
The content of scientific research in marine nature reserves can be divided into two categories: basic theoretical research and applied research. 7.1.1 Basic theoretical research
Basic theoretical research mainly refers to the research conducted around conservation biology and species, family groups, and ecosystem ecology with the help of the representativeness, naturalness and typicality of natural historical sites in marine nature reserves. 7.1.2 Applied research
Applied research is mainly a supportive scientific research carried out around the protected objects to improve protection measures, enhance protection effects, achieve management goals and other direct services.
GB/T19571—2004
7.2 Management of scientific research in the core area of marine nature reserves 7.2.1 For those who need to enter the core area for scientific research observation and investigation activities due to scientific research screening, the applicant should submit an application to the reserve management agency 15 days in advance, fill in the application form and submit an activity plan: the protection management agency shall propose a draft and submit it to the higher-level marine administrative department for approval.
7.2.2 Applications to enter the core area of a local nature reserve must be approved by the marine administrative department of the provincial people's government; applications to enter the core area of a national nature reserve must be approved by the national marine administrative department. 7.3. Management of scientific research activities conducted by foreigners in marine nature reserves. Foreigners who enter marine nature reserves for scientific research activities must submit a written application six months before the scheduled start date of the activity by foreign groups and individuals or the Chinese department responsible for receiving them, including the names of Chinese and foreign personnel, the content of the activities, the route and schedule, etc. to the management agency of the reserve for review. The management agency of the reserve must review the application and make an approval opinion. After the approval of the higher-level marine administrative department, it will reply to the Chinese party in a written form. Those who apply to enter national nature reserves must apply for approval from the national marine administrative department. 7.4 Scientific research management
7.4.1 Management agency
Each marine nature reserve should set up a scientific research management agency (or have a dedicated person to manage it) and exercise the scientific research management functions of the marine nature reserve.
7.4.2 Research Plan
The scientific research plan should be formulated by the scientific research management organization of the marine nature reserve, and its main contents include: a) the overall development direction, goals and main contents of scientific research; h) the main scientific research projects in each period; c) the construction of the scientific research team of the reserve;
t) the plan for scientific and technological cooperation and data sharing with domestic and foreign scientific research institutions; e) the plan for the construction of scientific research facilities;
the method of raising funds for scientific research activities; g) other contents related to scientific research, etc. Scientific Research Plan After being reviewed by the responsible leader of the management bureau (department), and incorporated into the construction and development plan of the reserve, it shall be uniformly submitted to the competent department at the same level. After being reviewed by experts, it shall be approved by the competent department. 7.4.3 Research Plan
In accordance with the approved scientific research plan, the scientific research management agency of the marine nature reserve shall formulate an annual plan for scientific research activities during the planning period. The annual plan shall include the name of the annual scientific research project (or topic), the project leader and cooperative unit, the main research content, the project start time, the budget and source of funds, etc. The annual plan shall be submitted to the responsible leader of the management bureau (department) for review and then submitted to the marine reserve. Approved by the competent marine department.
All scientific research projects issued by the superior and opened by the Yamamoto Marine Nature Reserve should be responsible for by a dedicated person. For new projects, the project leader should submit a project opening report in accordance with the project mission and approval documents. For continuing projects, the project leader should submit the annual actual cost report. 7.4.4 Implementation of research projects
The marine nature reserve management department should exercise support, coordination, and supervision over scientific research projects issued by the superior and organized and implemented by the marine nature reserve, scientific research activities independently organized by domestic scientific research units, and international cooperative scientific research projects. Supervision and inspection duties, to promote the organization and implementation of various scientific research activities as planned. When scientific researchers from non-nature reserves enter the reserve to conduct scientific research activities, the research management department of the reserve should send relevant professionals to accompany them to exercise specific support, coordination, supervision and inspection duties. Scientific researchers from non-nature reserves collecting specimens in the conservation and expansion area should be approved and implement a paid sampling system. The charging standards, the methods for raising funds in the reserve, shall be approved and implemented by the local price department. 7.5 Development activities in marine nature reserves
7.5.1 Establishment of a development management agency
GB/T 19571--2004
The management of development activities in marine nature reserves is an integral part of the management of marine nature reserves. Each marine nature reserve should set up a development management agency (or be managed by a dedicated person) and exercise the development management responsibilities of the marine nature reserve. 7.5.2 Principles of development activities
The development activities in marine nature reserves should implement the principle of "area-based support". Under the premise of ensuring that the main protected objects and ecological environment of the reserve are not disturbed or damaged, development activities mainly based on ecotourism can be carried out in the experimental area of the reserve. Marine nature reserves should strive for funding from international organizations and individuals.
7.5,3 Management of development activities
7.5.3.1 Please refer to the approval procedures in the following:
a) To carry out visits and tourism activities in national-level nature reserves, the management agency of the reserve shall propose a plan, which shall be reviewed by the provincial marine administrative department and then submitted to the national marine administrative department for approval; b) To carry out visits and tourism activities in local-level nature reserves, the management agency of the reserve shall propose a plan and submit it to the higher-level marine administrative department for approval.
7.5.3.2 The plan for carrying out visits and tourism activities shall be submitted by a unit with evaluation qualifications, with a comprehensive ecological and environmental impact assessment report and technical, economic and other feasibility demonstrations.
7.5.4 Development plan
The development plan shall be formulated by the marine natural reserve development management agency. Its main contents include: a) the objectives and main contents of the development project or activity; b) feasibility study of the development project or activity; c) ecological and environmental assessment and evaluation of the development project or activity; d) the cooperative relationship between the development project or activity and the tourism department; e) other contents related to the development project or activity. The development plan shall be approved by the relevant leaders of the management bureau (department) and included in the development plan of the reserve, and uniformly submitted to the marine administrative department of the same level. After expert approval, it shall be approved by the competent department. 7.5.5 Implementation and supervision of development activities or projects Development activities carried out in the experimental area of the reserve must be subject to supervision and inspection by the marine natural reserve management department and its competent department to ensure that the development activities will not have adverse effects on the ecological environment and main protected objects of the reserve. 8. Publicity and education, training and exchange and cooperation 8.1 Publicity and education
8.1.1 Targets of publicity and education
Publicity and education include internal publicity and external publicity of the nature reserve: internal publicity refers to publicity and education for the staff of the nature reserve; external publicity refers to publicity and education for leaders at all levels, the masses near the nature reserve, tourists, primary and secondary school students, Chinese and foreign scientific investigators, and teachers and students of colleges and universities.
8.1.2 Contents of publicity and education
Public publicity and education include scientific publicity, legal publicity and publicity of the nature reserve. The contents of scientific publicity include the urgency and necessity of protecting the marine natural environment and natural resources, the relationship between protecting the marine environment and human survival, and the scientific and ecological significance of the objects protected by the nature reserve. The contents of legal publicity include the laws and regulations on nature conservation and environmental protection formulated and promulgated by the state and local governments at all levels, the provisions, implementation rules and notices of the nature reserve, etc. The publicity content of the reserve includes the significance, role, location, scope, key protected objects, natural ecosystem status and connection with the reserve location, relevant research progress and research results and the needs of the nature reserve, etc. 8.1.3 Communication and education methods
Aiming at different objects and tasks in different periods, different methods such as signboard publicity, touring publicity, exhibitions, media publicity, on-site publicity, tourism publicity, conference publicity, etc. are adopted to strengthen the publicity and education of marine nature protection to the masses. 8.2 Personnel training
In order to improve the policy, business, management and scientific research level of the existing personnel in the marine nature reserve, personnel training should be actively carried out. 8.2.1 Training plan
Develop a rotation training plan for the staff of the reserve, and conduct training for the staff engaged in marine conservation work in a planned manner, and make it regular and institutionalized.
8.2.2 Training methods
Training can be carried out by combining school education, on-the-job training and job training. 8.2.3 Assessment of training and evaluation of professional titles
The staff should be assessed after training, and the assessment results should be stored in the personal file as the basis for the evaluation of technical titles. The evaluation of professional technical titles should be carried out among the management staff of the reserve, and the employment of professional titles should be linked to remuneration. 8.3 Exchange and cooperation
8.3.1 Domestic exchange and cooperation
1) According to work needs, exchange experiences with brother reserves to learn from each other. 2) Establish exchange and cooperation relations with scientific research units, colleges and universities, and academic groups to make the reserve an experimental base for scientific research and teaching. 3) Organize or jointly organize various forms of seminars, academic reports, etc. 8.3.2 International exchanges and cooperation
All protected areas, especially national marine nature reserves, should establish extensive international information links, participate in international marine nature conservation organizations and network systems, introduce technology, information, management experience and funds, and improve the management level of my country's marine nature reserves. 8.3.3 International training
All protected areas should actively participate in various activities carried out by international nature conservation organizations. Protected areas with conditions should select staff to participate in various professional training, international nature conservation training courses or academic seminars abroad. B.3.4 Establish sister protected areas
Protected areas with conditions should exchange visits with similar protected areas abroad, establish sister area relations, exchange experiences, introduce cooperation projects, and carry out long-term cooperation.
8.3.5 Joint protection
The protected area should create conditions to participate in MAB and other networks, and strive to establish cooperative relations with similar marine natural reserves in the world and abroad to carry out joint protection.
8.3.6 International assistance
All protected areas should actively seek assistance from international organizations in terms of funding, technical conditions and facilities. Among them, technical assistance includes providing technical information, sending experts to guide or conducting scientific research with the protected area. 9 Public participation
In addition to strengthening management by government functional departments and protected area management bureaus (departments), the effective protection of the natural environment and natural resources of marine natural reserves must also mobilize the extensive participation of the public. At the same time, it is also necessary to help communities develop sustainable resource utilization, develop alternative livelihoods, and jointly formulate cooperation projects and community development plans.
9. 1 Participation of the scientific and technological community
The protected area should actively cooperate with the scientific and technological community and give full play to the consulting and guiding role of the scientific and technological community. 9.2 Participation of offshore workers
A reporting system for ocean health should be established to encourage offshore workers and production workers to monitor, report and prevent damage to marine resources across industries.
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