Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces - Part 1: Design principles and framework
Some standard content:
ICS13.180
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T20527.1--2006/IS014915-1.2002 Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces--Part 1: Design principles and framework(ISO14915-1:2002,IDT)
Published on October 9, 2006
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on March 1, 2007
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GB/T20527.1—2006/IS014915-1:2002GB/T20527 "Software Ergonomics of Multimedia User Interfaces" is to be divided into the following three parts: Part 1: Design principles and framework; Part 2: Multimedia navigation and control; Part 3: Media selection and combination. This part is the first part of GB/T20527. This part is equivalent to ISO14915-12002 Software Ergonomics of Multimedia User Interfaces Part 1: Design principles and framework (English version) and is translated and drafted based on ISO14915-1:2002. This part is proposed by the China National Institute of Standardization. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Ergonomics Standardization. Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, Lenovo Group, General Logistics Department Military Equipment Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Air Force Aviation Medicine Research Institute.
The main drafters of this part are Chen Yuanqiao, Yang Wanli, Ran Linghua, Chen Baihong, Ye Sheng, Chen Yuhong, Zhang Xin, Li Zhizhong and Guo Xiaochao. GB/T20527.1-2006/IS014915-1:2002 Introduction
Compared with traditional user interfaces based only on text and graphic formats, the design of multimedia application software user interfaces involves a wider range of design and evaluation issues, and there are many different technical and design options available. Multimedia user interfaces enable different media (static media such as text, graphics and images, dynamic media such as audio, animation, video or other sensory forms) to be merged, integrated and synchronized. Within each media, further distinctions can be made, for example: graphics can be divided into two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics according to different presentation formats; audio can be further classified according to the sound quality level or by mono, stereo and surround sound. Ergonomic design can improve the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of users in operating multimedia application software (see GB/T18978.11). The above-mentioned capabilities of users can be improved by carefully designing multimedia applications in terms of user characteristics, the tasks to be performed (e.g., work, education and training, or ongoing support), and the system application environment. Ergonomic design of multimedia user interfaces can also improve the safety of system operation (e.g., warnings can be issued using both visual and auditory media). For users of multimedia applications, the range of media available and the interactions between these media vary in terms of perception, cognition, and other ergonomic implications. Multimedia has the characteristics of potentially high perceptual load, structural and semantic complexity, and the transmission of a large amount of information through the system. Multimedia applications are often used for communication purposes. Processing the data or information presented in multimedia applications is also often part of the user's activities.
GB/T20527 provides requirements and recommendations for the design of multimedia software user interfaces, but does not intend to provide detailed design guidelines for only a single medium. For this reason, it does not describe how to design an effective graphic animation or how to cut a special video sequence. This part of ISO 20527 addresses design issues related to user interfaces for multimedia applications, such as the conceptual structure of the interface, the selection and combination of media, and user navigation or control for interacting with different media. The range of applications includes stand-alone and network applications of varying size and complexity (e.g., from a single web page to a complex catalog or interactive simulation). ISO 20527 consists of three parts:
a) Part 1: Design principles and framework
Part 1 establishes design principles for multimedia user interfaces and provides a framework for multimedia design. The purpose of the design principles is to provide a basis for the multimedia-specific recommendations detailed in other parts of ISO 20527. It also gives general recommendations for the multimedia user interface design process.
b) Part 2: Multimedia navigation and control Part 2 provides recommendations for media control and navigation in multimedia applications. Media control is primarily concerned with the ability to control dynamic media (e.g., audio or video). Navigation is concerned with the conceptual structure of a multimedia application and the user interactions required to move within this structure. This part also includes recommendations for searching multimedia material. c) Part 3: Media selection and combination
Part 3 provides recommendations for media selection related to the purpose or task of communication, as well as recommendations for media selection related to information characteristics. This part also provides guidelines for combining different media. In addition, this part includes recommendations for integrating multimedia components in terms of browsing and reading order.
1 Scope
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GB/T20527.1—2006/IS014915-1:2002 Software ergonomics of multimedia user interfaces Part 1: Design principles and framework
This part of GB/T20527 gives design principles for multimedia user interfaces and provides a framework for dealing with different issues to be considered related to their design. It is aimed at user interfaces for application software that enable different media to be merged, integrated and synchronized. Media include static media (e.g. text, graphics, images) and dynamic media (e.g. audio, animation, video or media related to other sensory forms). Detailed design issues within a single medium (e.g., graphic design of an animated sequence) are addressed only if they have ergonomic consequences for the user.
This standard gives requirements and recommendations for the ergonomic design of multimedia applications intended primarily for professional and vocational activities (e.g., work or study). Although some recommendations also apply to applications outside the above areas (e.g., entertainment), it is not specifically for these applications.
This standard applies to software aspects related to multimedia user interfaces, but does not address hardware or implementation issues. The ergonomic requirements and recommendations described in this standard can be implemented using different technologies (e.g., transmission systems, scripting languages, application programs). This standard focuses primarily on multimedia presentation issues. Multimodal input using different media (e.g., inputting information by clicking on a combination of speech and text) is not considered in the recommendations given. 2 Normative references
The following documents contain clauses that become clauses of this standard through reference in this part of GB/T 20527. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, parties to an agreement based on this part are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated referenced documents, the latest versions apply to this part.
GB/T18976-2003 Human-centered interactive system design process (ISO13407:1999, IDT) GB/T18978.10-2004 Ergonomic requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 10: Dialogue principles (ISO9241-10:1996, IDT)
GB/T18978.11-2004 Ergonomic requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VIDTs) Part 11: Usability Guide (ISO924111:1998, IDT)
GB/T20527.3--2006 Software Ergonomics of Multimedia User Interfaces Part 3: Media Selection and Combination (ISO149153:2002 IDT)
ISO14915-2:2003 Software Ergonomics of Multimedia User Interfaces Part 2: Multimedia Navigation and Control 3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T20527. For other definitions, please refer to other parts of GB/T20527. GB/T20527.3 gives the exact definition of media types. 3.1
Content
Information transmitted from the information source to the user through multimedia application software according to certain communication purposes. 3.2
Dynamic mediadynamiemedia
Media whose content presented to users changes over time. Examples: Dynamic media include video, music, and animation. 1
GB/T20527.1-—2006/IS014915-1:20023.3
Mediamedium, sing.
media, pl.
Different specific forms of presenting information to users. Examples: Media include text, video, graphics, animation, and audio. 3.4
Metaphormetaphor
Concepts familiar to users that are used to help users understand and predict the behavior of application software. 3.5
Multimediamultimedia
A combination of static and/or dynamic media that can be interactively controlled and presented simultaneously in an application. Examples: Multimedia includes a combination of text and video, and a combination of audio and animation. 3.6
Navigation
The movement of a user within and between media objects or presentation units (see ISO 149152) in order to find an object, a particular subject or a specific piece of information.
Static media
Media whose content presented to the user does not change over time. Examples: static media include text and pictures. 4 Application of GB/T 20527
4.1 Target user groups
The target user groups of GB/T 20527 are as follows:
User interface and multimedia designers who apply GB/T 20527 during the development process; assessors responsible for quality assurance who ensure that products comply with the recommendations of GB/T 20527 and who select potential buyers of appropriately designed multimedia products; designers of multimedia development tools used by user interface and multimedia developers. 4.2 Recommended application
The design guidelines provided by GB/T 20527 extend the principles described in GB/T 18978.10. Multimedia user interfaces should be designed in accordance with both the principles in GB/T 18978.10 and the guidelines described in GB/T 20527. For some situations (e.g. certain tasks or user groups), the designer may be tempted to sacrifice one principle in order to achieve the best design. 4.3 Report on compliance with each part of GB/T 20527 If a product or application claims compliance with this part of GB/T 20527, the procedures used to determine the development requirements and (or) evaluate the requirements for multimedia user interfaces should be described in detail. The level of detail of the procedures is determined by negotiation between the parties concerned. Since GB/T 20527 is a multi-part national standard, compliance is only related to a single part, not to the national standard as a whole. 5 Design standards and principles
5.1 Design objectives
Ergonomic design can enhance the user's ability to operate multimedia application software in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction (GB/T 18978.11 gives further information on usability). In addition, multimedia information should not make people feel sleepy, tired or frustrated when using it.
The above objectives can be achieved by carefully designing multimedia application software for different tasks (e.g., work, education, and performance support) and system usage environments.
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GB/T20527.1—2006/IS014915-1:2002Multimedia user interface design should consider the human information processing elements based on the following aspects in turn: human sensory physiology;
human perception and motivation;
human cognition;
human information communication.
Other human information processing concepts related to multimedia control and use are exploration and participation. 5.2 Multimedia design principles
5.2.1 General
Multimedia application software should be designed according to the general principles of ergonomic dialogue design as described in GB/T18978.10. 5.2.2 gives specific examples of the principles described in GB/T 18978.10 in multimedia. In addition, 5.2.3 introduces further principles related to multimedia application software.
The design of multimedia application software often raises specific design issues related to the purpose and characteristics of the software. Multimedia application software can be developed for communication purposes, such as: delivering information to users, performance support, education and training. In addition, there are a wide range of user needs, such as: parameter selection for different media or different types of perception. Multimedia has the characteristics of potentially high perceptual load, structural and semantic complexity, and large amounts of information transmitted through the system. In multimedia application software, processing of the presented data or information may also be part of the user's activities. 5.2.2 Dialogue principles
For the design and evaluation of multimedia interfaces, the general principles of ergonomics described in GB/T 18978.10 should be adopted. Seven of the principles are important for the design and evaluation of interactive applications. They are as follows: a) Appropriateness for the task
Example: For learning a musical instrument, the application shows hand movements in a video or animation, plays music, and presents the current note. b) Self-descriptive
Example: When the cursor passes over a hotspot on a web page, a pop-up box appears containing a description of the hotspot (e.g., where to link to). c) Controllability
Example: The audio output can be turned on or off by the user. d) Conformity with user expectations
Example 1: In a multimedia application, the controls for playing and stopping media work the same way in all videos and animations. Example 2: The controls are always on the screen,
Example 3: The operation of the controls is consistent across different media. e) Error tolerance
Example: If the user stops the video playback unintentionally, the video can be resumed at the current position without having to start from the beginning. f) Suitable for personalization
Example: Users can set parameters (e.g. preferred output media, set audio parameters) or use bookmarks and annotations. g) Suitable for learning
Example 1: Provide a visual display of the navigation structure in a multimedia application. Example 2: A combination of media is used to present a theme from different perspectives. 5.2.3 Multimedia-specific design principles
In addition to the general principles in GB/T18978.10, this part of GB/T20527 also describes specific design principles for multimedia user interface design:
Suitable for communication purposes:
Suitable for perception and understanding;
Suitable for exploration:
Suitable for participation.
GB/T20527.1--2006/ISO14915-1:2002Although the above principles are specifically for multimedia application software, they are also applicable to general user interface design. For most design guidelines, in actual design, it may be necessary to weigh different principles in relation to their priority or importance. This trade-off requires careful decision making and appropriate justification during the design process. 5.2.4 to 5.2.7 introduce and describe these additional multimedia-specific principles and provide design recommendations related to these principles. The recommendations presented here for each principle are not necessarily complete, and there may be other recommendations that meet these principles. 5.2.4 Appropriateness for communication purpose
The primary purpose of multimedia applications is to convey information from the provider to the recipient. The multimedia application software is considered appropriate for the communication purpose if the design meets the following requirements: - matches the purpose of the provider of the information being conveyed; - also matches the purpose or task of the user or recipient of the information. To achieve the above requirements, the provider or designer of the information should determine the intended communication purpose and design the multimedia application software accordingly. The software should also be designed based on the recipient's goals, tasks, and information needs. The overall intended purpose on the provider's side may be to teach, inform, or entertain the user. The specific purpose may be to summarize, explain, present, persuade, defend, impress, or inspire in the multimedia communication. User needs may include understanding requirements, information needed to perform tasks, or agreed design features. Example 1: Enhance the summary by using well-designed images (charts). Example 2: Present a compelling or justifiable point of view by using rich or prominent media to emphasize the key content of the message. 5.2.5 Appropriate perception and understanding
5.2.5.1 Overview
Multimedia applications are considered suitable for perception and comprehension if the information they convey is easy to perceive and understand. This is particularly important for multimedia applications when the presentation is complex and varied and multiple media are presented simultaneously. To facilitate the intended perception, the following characteristics described in ISO 9241-12 should be observed for each media: a) Detectability
Example: A set of navigation buttons is used with sufficient contrast to the screen background so that the user can easily perceive the buttons. b) Distinguishability wwW.bzxz.Net
Example: In the description of a static image, a voice is added over a background of music. The voice is loud and clear enough to be distinguished from other sounds.
c) Clarity
Example: In a graphic animation of an engine, different parts are shown in different colors to facilitate the user's perception of the relevant parts of the current task. d) Readability
Example: An animated text banner moves at a certain speed so that the user can easily read the text. e) Consistency
Example: Controls for playing and stopping presentations are designed in the same way for different media (e.g. audio, visual or graphic animation). f) Simplicity
Example: Voice instructions showing a static image of how to repair a technical device are limited to conveying the necessary information to facilitate learning. g) Comprehensibility
Example: A complex biological structure can be explored from different perspectives in a 3D simulation to enable the user to understand the spatial relationships between its different parts.
Due to the specific characteristics of multimedia applications, the guidance given in 5.2.5.2 to 5.2.5.6 should be followed. 5.2.5.2 Avoiding perceptual overload
It is not advisable to overload the user by presenting too much information simultaneously, either in a single medium or in a combination of media. Example: Difficulty understanding the content of multiple different videos being played simultaneously. NOTE: Ergonomic principles related to mental load that can lead to information overload are defined and identified in ISO 10075 and ISO 10075-2. 5.2.5.3 Avoid information overload caused by time-related presentation Media should be selected and presented so that users have time to understand the necessary information from the media. 4
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GB/T20527.1—2006/IS014915-1.2002 Example: Synchronous text and image display to give a detailed structure is better than video and voice narration. Note: Users have difficulty in obtaining detailed information from dynamic media, so only high-level information can be understood. It takes time to extract detailed information from images, so it is recommended to allow time for users to browse the images to extract important information. If the presentation sequence is critical and needs to be reviewed, replay of the visual or audio sequence is very important. The narrative speed can be adjusted according to the complexity of the material and the audience's familiarity. 5.2.5.4 Avoid overload caused by additional actions Positioning, navigation or operation actions should not hinder the perception of information related to the user's goals. Example: If users need to operate controls at the same time, they may miss important information in the video. If suggestions to perform a series of actions are spread across multiple media rather than presented in just one medium, the user may miss important information. 5.2.5.5 Consider perceptual differences
The impact of differences in human perception of media and the limitations of human perception of specific media should be considered. For example, users with special needs (e.g., deaf or color speech) should be able to use multimedia applications. 5.2.5.6 Support user understanding
The design, selection and combination of media should support the user's understanding of the information being conveyed. Guidance on the selection and combination of media is given in ISO 20527.3.
Example: When the operation of a vehicle engine is explained in audio, the relevant parts of the associated diagram are highlighted. 5.2.6 Suitable for exploration
5.2.6.1 Overview
Multimedia software is suitable for exploration if the design enables the user to find relevant or interesting information when the user has no or little prior knowledge about the type, scope or structure of the information or functionality provided by the software. 5.2.6.2 Supporting user exploration
If appropriate for the task, the application should enable the user to explore the multimedia application. Example: Provide a hierarchical navigation structure and links between related topics in the multimedia technical document so that the user can explore the content of the application along different navigation paths (see ISO 14915-2 for the definition of the concept of navigation). NOTE: Some multimedia applications may not be designed to be suitable for exploration. For example, a multimedia application that displays safety instructions may not be controlled and explored by the user.
5.2.6.3 Supporting user positioning
The application should always enable the user to determine the current location they have reached within the multimedia application and the navigation to that point. NOTE: If navigation is not controlled by the user but is done automatically by the system, the goal of each navigation step may not be described in the current presentation unit. Example: Displaying a graphic or map of a website while highlighting the user's current location. 5.2.6.4 Provide clear navigation
Navigation in the application should be implemented in a consistent and clear manner. NOTE Clear navigation means that the available navigation actions are obvious to the user and provide clear feedback on the navigation steps taken. 5.2.6.5 Provide alternative navigation paths
If appropriate to the task, the user should be provided with different possibilities to reach the desired information, allowing the user to choose between alternative navigation paths. The relevant information should be accessible through appropriate links. Example: Alternative navigation paths are used to support beginners and experts. Example: Allowing users to access information both through a menu hierarchy and through a search function. 5.2.6.6 Structuring information
Content should be organized in such a way that the user can easily identify the parts of the content and their relationship to each other, in terms of the user's limitations in processing the information. If the scope structure is known to the user, this structure can be considered for navigation. Example: A tree structure is used to organize content and make it easy for the user to access different parts of the information content. 5.2.6.7 Facilitate return to important locations
The application should enable the user to return to previously visited important locations in the navigation structure in order to access different parts of the structure.
GB/T20527.1—2006/ISO14915-1:2002 Example: When navigating a website, the path that leads the user through different layers of information to the currently visible web page can be displayed as a link table. The link table is intended to show the different levels of content that are accessed,
5.2.6.8 Provide search and navigation assistance
Appropriate search and navigation assistance should be provided to the user so that the user can quickly determine whether the application contains the desired information and how to access the information.
Example 1: Provide a site map of the website, showing in graphical form the different topics that can be visited within the site and its structure. Example 2: Provide a keyword search function for the website, and the keywords can be activated from all related web pages. 5.2.6.9 Different media perspectives
If appropriate to the task, multimedia applications should offer users a combination of media that present the same content and allow them to selectively access them.
Example: In an anatomy meeting, use both pictures and diagrams illustrating the human circulatory system to allow users to explore different aspects of the content. NOTE: The availability of different media perspectives can also enhance user engagement. 5.2.7 Appropriateness for engagement
If appropriate to the task, multimedia applications should be designed to be engaging, that is, to attract users' attention and motivate them to interact with the software.
Example: High fidelity in a simulation combined with a high degree of interactivity is likely to make it engaging. NOTE 1: Interesting or exciting content can also be a means of designing an engaging application. Another aspect of engaging multimedia applications is the directness of the interaction. Direct interaction is often achieved by integrating user interface controls that are relevant to the information to be conveyed or the task to be performed (e.g., content components are presented as hyperlinks). NOTE 2 The aesthetic quality of media also influences engagement with multimedia software; for example, a website with good graphic design can motivate users to read more of the website. Consult media designers for advice on aesthetic and appeal qualities. 6 Design Considerations
6.1 General
This clause describes different aspects of multimedia user interfaces that are inherent in the development process. These aspects establish a framework for organizing individual design problems. They help designers apply a systematic approach to the design of multimedia applications. Although these aspects can be used as steps in the design process, they are neither intended to represent a complete design process nor to be described in a sequential manner. General guidance on user-centered design processes can be found in ISO 9001. Clause 7 gives recommendations on the design process for multimedia applications. The following three aspects are inherent in the design of multimedia interfaces: - content design;
- interaction design;
media design.
These aspects can also be used to determine what patterns or expressions are appropriate in the design process. Example: Accurate modeling of the content of a multimedia application is useful in assessing whether the application can meet the communication purpose. 6.2 Content design
6.2.1 General
An important aspect of a multimedia application is its semantic information content and the structure of this content. This aspect deals with conceptual design issues rather than the specific appearance (e.g. visual design of graphics and animation) or behavior of the application. When designing multimedia applications, the following content questions should be asked.
6.2.2 Analyzing communication objectives
Content design should consider the communication objectives to guide the development and selection of content and its structure, type and appropriate forms of presentation. ISO 20527.3 gives further guidance on information types, media selection and media mix. 6.2.3 Structuring content
Designing the structure of content should include identifying the different parts of the content (e.g. topics and subtopics) and their relationships through the use of appropriate techniques (e.g. outlines, storyboards or other forms of information presentation)6
6.3 Interaction Design
6.3.1 General
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GB/T20527.1--2006/IS014915-1:2002 Interaction design determines the way in which users can access different parts of the content and how users can control or operate different types of content. The interactive design aspects of multimedia applications also involve the design issues given in 6.2.1 to 6.2.3. 6.3.2 Navigation
Navigation design issues include user routes to access the information they seek or to explore unknown information structures. When designing available paths to content in a multimedia user interface, the following aspects should be considered: - Design of a navigation structure that is appropriate to the content structure, communication purpose, and user tasks. The navigation structure determines the possible paths that users can take to move through the application.
- Use of appropriate navigation aids to support user orientation in multimedia applications, facilitate exploration, and make information retrieval more efficient. Navigation aids include content directories, site maps, indexes, and guided tours. Provision of appropriate search mechanisms when user tasks require finding specific information related to known concepts, especially in large volumes of information.
Appropriate navigation aids should be provided for both beginners and experts. ISO 14915-2 gives relevant recommendations.
6.3.3 Media control and interaction
Appropriate media controls should be provided to allow users to control the presentation of each media. ISO 14915-2 gives recommendations for the design of media controls. Example: controls for dynamic media such as "play", "stop" and "pause". NOTE: Many media allow the user to interact with the presented content. For example: part of the presented media may be a navigation link: checking answers in a computer-based training application; directly manipulating media content in a simulation. 6.3.4 Dialogic interactions
Multimedia applications often involve a variety of dialogic interactions, such as menu selections or graphical interactive elements. For selecting or designing dialogic interactions, the guidance given in ISO 9241-13 to ISO 9241-17 should be followed. 6.4 Media design
Media design involves both the design of a single medium and the selection and combination of different media. Media design should follow the guidance given in ISO 9241-3. NOTE: The design of particular media (not covered by this standard) may require specific knowledge in areas such as film, animation, graphic design or music. General advice on information presentation related to user interfaces can be found in ISO 9241-12. 7 Design and development process
7.1 General
Both the design of multimedia interfaces and the design of interactive systems in general should follow a human-centered design approach. ISO 9241-3 gives guidance on the user-centered design process. Human-centered design is characterized by activities appropriate to obtaining a clear understanding of user and task requirements; an iterative design process with active user involvement, including the evaluation of appropriate design representations (e.g. prototypes at appropriate stages in the process). The design should also take into account expert knowledge in areas or disciplines relevant to the design problem. In addition to these general considerations, the multimedia-specific criteria given in ISO 9241-3 provide further guidance for the design of multimedia interfaces. The design aspects established in Clause 6 provide a structure and potential (not necessarily sequential) design steps that can guide the design phase of the development process.
The development process for multimedia applications should include the phases described in 7.2 to 7.6. In accordance with the general characteristics of human-centered design described above, these phases can be performed in a non-sequential or iterative manner, but the process should begin with analysis activities. Some activities can be omitted or added to the process as necessary and appropriate. ISO/IEC 14915-1:20027.2 Analysis
The analysis should determine the characteristics of the target user group, their tasks and the goals to be achieved by delivering the content of the multimedia application. Environmental factors and usage contexts that may potentially affect the perception and interaction with different media, especially dynamic media, should be analyzed. For example, in a noisy environment, audio output should be supplemented with textual presentation. A clear understanding of the communication purpose, task support and information needs is essential for making further decisions in the design process. Designers can exploit different media features to achieve different purposes, such as education and training, entertainment, and advertising for products or services. 7.3 Conceptual Design
Conceptual design involves selecting a particular strategy or strategies for delivering information (e.g., by means of simulation, games, demonstrations, or direct exploration) and defining the high-level structure of the multimedia application. 7.4 Design of Content, Interaction, and Media
Design of content, interaction, and media provides a structured approach to identifying and developing the different components of a multimedia application. Although in some cases, specific media components that are already available can be used as a starting point for development, in general, content design should precede interaction design and media design.
7.5 Prototyping
In contrast to conventional interactive system prototyping, multimedia allows a wider range of different qualities and fidelity of different components of the system. In the early stages of development, complex media (e.g., video or animation) can be replaced by still images. Similarly, components (e.g., video clips or audio tracks) can be of low quality to test interface concepts before expensive media products are used. 7.6 Evaluation
Multimedia applications should be evaluated using the general criteria for dialogue design as well as the specific criteria described in this International Standard. A major aspect of evaluating multimedia applications is testing the software by future users using appropriate evaluation methods (see ISO 9001-8.11 and ISO 9001-6). Particular attention should be paid to the opinions and suggestions of these users. Developing and evaluating prototypes is a particularly effective way to collect user feedback. If the media is replaced by something else in the prototype, or the quality level is different from the final expected quality level, it should be recognized that this may affect the results of the evaluation.
References
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