This part of GB/T 18978 provides guidance for users of information processing systems based on VDTs. The guidance is relevant to both the organization that adopts the system and the people who use the equipment. The purpose of this part is to apply ergonomic knowledge derived from practical experience to task design in order to improve the efficiency and comfort of individual users. GB/T 16251 specifies the relevant ergonomic principles. The other parts of GB/T 18978 specify the requirements for visual display characteristics and controllers, workplaces and environments. This part does not cover software and dialogue design. GB/T 18978.2-2004 Ergonomic requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements GB/T 18978.2-2004 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This part of GB/T 18978 provides guidance for users of information processing systems based on VDTs. The guidance is relevant to both the organization that adopts the system and the people who use the equipment. The purpose of this part is to apply ergonomic knowledge derived from practical experience to task design in order to improve the efficiency and comfort of individual users. GB/T16251 specifies the relevant ergonomic principles. The other parts of GB/T18978 specify the requirements for visual display characteristics and controllers, workplaces and environments. This part does not involve software and dialogue design.
GB/T 18978 "Ergonomic requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VDTs)" covers the ergonomic requirements for hardware and software involved in the use of visual display terminals, and is intended to be divided into the following 17 parts:
- Part 1: Overview,
- Part 2: Task requirements guide;
- Part 3: Visual display requirements;
- Part 4: Keyboard requirements;
- Part 5: Workbench layout and posture requirements;
- Part 6: Work environment guide;
- Part 7: Display requirements with reflection;
- Part 8: Display color requirements;
- Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices;
- Part 10: Dialogue principles;
- Part 11: Usability guidelines;
- Part 12: Information display;
- Part 13: User guide;
- Part 14: Menu dialog;
- Part 15: Command dialog;
- Part 16: Direct operation dialog;
- Part 17: Form filling dialog.
This part is Part 2 of GB/T 18978.
This part is equivalent to ISO 9241-2:1992 "Ergonomic requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements" (English version). This
part is drafted based on the translation of ISO 9241-2:1992.
This part is proposed by the China National Institute of Standardization.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Ergonomics Standardization. ||tt ||
The drafting organizations of this part are China National Institute of Standardization, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fourth Research Institute of Air Force, Lenovo Group Co., Ltd., Dalian Maritime University, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The main drafters of this part are Chen Yuanqiao, Fu Xiaolan, Guo Xiaochao, Yang Wanli, Liu Zhengjie, Chen Baihong, Dai Guozhong.

The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this part through reference in this part of GB/T 18978. For dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, parties to agreements based on this part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated referenced documents, the latest versions shall apply to this part.
GB/T 16251-1996 Ergonomic principles for design of work systems (eav ISO 6385_1981) Terminology The terms and definitions established in GB/T 16251 apply to this part of GB/T 8978.

1s 13. 180
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 18978.2—2004/[S0 9241-2 1992 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs)-Part 2: Guidance on task requirements (ISO 9241-2.1992, IDT)
Published on May 10, 2004
Implemented on December 1, 2004
Published by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Administrative Committee of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
GH/T18978.2—2004/ISO 9241-2,1992Foreword
Normative referenced documents
3 Technical spectrum
Task design
System evaluation and maintenance
T KASheKAa-
CB/T18978.2--2004/ISD9241-21992GR/T18978 Human ergonomics requirements for working with visual display terminals (VDTs) The ergonomic requirements for the hardware and equipment involved in using visual display terminals are intended to be divided into the following 17 parts: Part 1: Overview
Part 2, Task requirements guide!
.--Part 3: Visual display requirements
Part 4: Forehead requirements:
"Part 5: Workstation and posture requirements; Part 6: Working environment guidelines:
Part 7: Display requirements with reflection:
Part 8, Display color requirements;
Part 5, Non-link input settings requirements:
--Part 10: Dialogue principles
Part 11, Usability guidelines;
--Part 13: Information display!
Part 13 Part: User Guide:
Part 14: After the single!
Part 1: Part 15: After the command;
--Part 16 Direct operation of the tongue:
Part 17: English table for live.
This part is the second part of G3/T1897.
This part is equivalent to 1SU924)2, 1092 visual display terminals (VDTs> Ergonomic requirements for office work Part 2: Task requirements guide (English version)
This part is based on 1S19241-2: 19S2 Figure Review started in 2004. The China National Institute of Standardization proposed that this part should be under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Ergonomics Standardization. The contributing units of this part are China National Institute of Standardization, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Fourth Institute of Research, Lianxiang Group Co., Ltd., Dalian Jinshi University, and Qiuzhou Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The main drafters of this part are Chen Yuanchai, Chuan Xiaolan, Bang Xiaohua, Chang Wanli, Liu Zhengtan, Chen Baihong, and Dai Guozhong. GD/T18978.2—2004/ISO9241-2:1992 IntroductionbZxz.net
In an organization The introduction of information processing systems based on VT (visual display terminal) will affect the structure, function and physical environment of the team: the interaction mode will change, the mutual dependence of individuals and team skills will change, and the work content will also change. These changes will have a positive impact on the efficiency, chain and comfort of the individuals involved. Applying ergonomics to information processing systems based on VT is actually the integration of task design with the design of hardware, software and working environment.
1 Scope
GB/T18978,22004/1S 9241-2:1992 Ergonomic requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VETS) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements This part of GB/T 18978 provides guidance for users of visual display terminals based on VDT. The guidance is related to both the components that use the system and the personnel who use the equipment. The purpose of this part is to apply ergonomic knowledge from practical experience to task design in order to improve the efficiency and comfort of individual users. GB/T 36251 specifies the relevant ergonomic principles. GB/T 1898 specifies the requirements for visual display performance and controllers, workplaces and environments in other parts. This part does not cover instructional materials and dialogue machines.
2 Normative references
The following documents become the provisions of this part through the reference of GB/T 18978. All dated referenced documents and any subsequent revisions (including erroneous contents) are not applicable to this part; however, the parties to this agreement must study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. All outdated referenced documents and their updated versions apply to this part.
GB/T5251-1096 Ergonomic principles for work system design (eqV1506385:1981) 3 Terms
The sum of definitions established in GB/16251 applies to (B/T18978. This part. 4 Task design
The application of ergonomic principles to the tasks of users of information processing systems is aimed at providing people with the best working conditions for comfort, safety and health while paying attention to technical and economic benefits. Appropriate task design
High service efficiency:
Protect the user's embarrassment and safety.
High suitability of the product:
Provide opportunities for the development of user skills and potential related to the task. Service design The following situations should be avoided as much as possible: Overload that may lead to unnecessary or excessive workload or overall work errors; Inappropriate selection that may lead to monotony, saturation, boredom and insufficiency; Inappropriate time constraints: Working alone without opportunities to collaborate with others; 4.2 Characteristics of good task design: While striving to achieve the main purpose of the information processing system based on V[Y, appropriate and meaningful design of office tasks should be made; Identify the experience and abilities of the user group: GB/T18978.2—2004/1SO9241-21992: Provide a variety of appropriate skills, abilities and motivations; Ensure that the tasks performed are clearly identified as whole work units and not fragmented! Ensure that users understand the overall situation of the tasks performed; ... Contribution of functionality: - Provide appropriate autonomy for production priorities, work speed and productivity - Provide adequate performance for tasks in user-interpretable terms - Provide opportunities for improved reliability and acquisition of new skills related to the task. 4.3 Determination of design requirements
In order to achieve the objectives and compatibility of good task design as described in 4.1 and 1, 2, it is necessary to consider the specific use and user characteristics of the system. In this way, it is possible to consider the dependencies that arise in the organization's operations, and to make a decision based on user requirements, efficiency, health and fitness for the task. For the implementation of the system, any activity that is suitable for identifying task characteristics that meet the criteria should be participated in. The tasks listed in 4.2 should be evaluated and compared with the seven options. When creating a new version of a task, the performance characteristics of the task that have been confirmed should be maintained or strengthened compared to the original task. An important part of ensuring that the task requirements are met is to obtain effective data directly from the users. Many methods can be used to achieve this, such as:
N) Observational studies
h) Psychological assessment based on standardized scales, c) Questionnaires,
d) Interviews:
With regard to the tasks of VDT-based information processing systems, the following two aspects are particularly important for the design of good task principles: a) The length and degree of time spent on operating the system: Decisiveness, that is, the willingness to choose whether and how to use the system: b) Dependence, which is also the degree of learning to use the VLT-based information processing system as a work tool to improve the effectiveness of task performance. It should be noted that the above three aspects have different optimal ranges, and the dependencies between the three have a strong impact on the objectives and characteristics described in 4.1 and 4.2. In the process of designing a specific task, it is necessary to focus on the predicted future requirements to determine the current resource conditions. Since the information needed to make these decisions based on current experience is not always certain, it is necessary to collect the necessary data from prototype testing, simulation and experimental studies. In order to ensure that the service design is effective, a design and evaluation plan should be fully developed before the system is selected for installation: 4.4 Implementation plan
4.4.1.
An appropriate implementation plan should be developed to anticipate and address the physical and psychological changes that will occur in the organizational environment before, during and after the introduction of a new or improved VTT-based total processing system. The management of the process of change is key to the acceptance and effective implementation of the system. 4.4.2. Develop an effective implementation plan
In order for the implementation plan to be most effective, it should be developed in consultation with those people in the organization whose work will be most affected by the new system before the system is installed. User participation in the implementation process is important for the effective implementation of the system. When introducing VT processing systems, the following aspects are included in the comprehensive scope: \) Organizational aspect
1) Energy transfer and exchange (is exchange necessary); 2) Interconnection (structural changes are required); 3) Work skills development (considering users and non-users of the system). b) Working equipment and physical working conditions
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GB/T 18978.2.-2D04/150 9241-2:1992 1) System software requirements (check existing force and ergonomic design features); 2) Design of the physical working environment (is it ergonomic requirements); \) System support requirements (whether the needs of feasibility, usability and supportability have been fully met). ) Personnel aspects
1) (Staffing plans and work rules (whether changes have been made or pointed out) 2) Employee promotion and induction criteria (whether changes in current practices are embedded in the system) 3) Training programs (whether they are adequately designed and supported) It is recommended that users identify existing problems and potential problems that may arise during design, implementation and later. Compared with other methods, this method is generally more likely to provide users with better solutions. 5 Evaluation and maintenance of the system
By using the methods described in 4.1) and 4.2), the installed system can be evaluated to obtain a reliable and effective test of the criteria established in the design requirements. When data and experience with similar situations exist, they can be used to determine compliance with this part of GB/T 1897.
The successful maintenance of the system requires continuous monitoring of the principles described in 4.1 and 4.2. Effective communication should be maintained to discuss issues of concern to users and to ensure timely and effective responses by the team. Special attention should be paid to: - the ergonomics of the current VDT-based information processing system in use relative to the job requirements and work environment; - opportunities for job content and skills development in the VDT-based information processing system flow and job satisfaction; - training and orientation programs for users of the DT-based information processing system should help identify existing or potential areas of dissatisfaction among users of the VT-based information processing system; - communication strategies should be developed to anticipate changes in users' interests and concerns regarding system features as the system matures.
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