This standard specifies the main performance requirements, test procedures and test reports for the test equipment used in horizontal impact tests by controlling the impact input level. This standard is applicable to the assessment of the impact strength of transport packages when subjected to horizontal impact and the ability of the packaging to protect the contents. It can be used as a single test or as part of a series of tests on packages. GB/T 4857.15-1999 Controlled horizontal impact test method for packaging transport packages GB/T4857.15-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the main performance requirements, test procedures and test reports for the test equipment used in horizontal impact tests by controlling the impact input level. This standard is applicable to the assessment of the impact strength of transport packages when subjected to horizontal impact and the ability of the packaging to protect the contents. It can be used as a single test or as part of a series of tests on packages.

GB/T 4857.15—1999
This standard is a revision of GB/T4857.15-1989 with reference to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard ASTMD4003-1992 "Controlled Horizontal Impact Test Method for Transport Packages and Systems", and is equivalent to the standard in terms of technical content. When revising GB/T4857.15-1989 based on the American Society for Testing and Materials standard, the content of Appendix B in the original standard was retained as a reminder, taking into account the specific conditions of my country and the specific problems in use. In addition, ASTMD4003 divides the test method into two test methods: railway reversing impact test and pallet unit impact test. Considering that the difference between the two methods is small and the test can also be used for transport packages of other modes of transportation, this standard combines the two test methods in the original ASTMD4003 standard into one, and is also different from the ASTM standard in terms of applicable scope. From the date of implementation, this standard will replace GB/T4857.15-1989. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are indicative appendices. This standard is proposed by China National Packaging Corporation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Packaging Standardization. The main drafting units of this standard are: Mechanical Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, China National Packaging Corporation, the Packaging Office of the PLA, and China Packaging Research and Testing Center.
The main drafters of this standard are: Huang Xue, Wang Li, Zhang Xiaojian, Guo Baohua, Xu Weifeng, and Wei Lingchen. 297
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Packaging-Transport packages
Controlled horizontal impact test method
Packaging-Transport packages-Controlled horizontal impact test methodGB/T 4857. 15-1999
Replaces GB/T4857.15--1989
This standard specifies the main performance requirements, test procedures and test reports for the test equipment used in the horizontal impact test by controlling the impact input level. wwW.bzxz.Net
This standard is applicable to the assessment of the impact strength of transport packages when subjected to horizontal impact and the ability of the package to protect the contents. It can be used as a single test or as part of a series of tests on packages. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T4857.1--1992 Packaging Method for marking various parts during testing of transport packages GB/T 4857.2---1992
Temperature and humidity conditioning treatment
Transport packages
GB/T 4857.11—1992
GB/T 4857.17—1992
GB/T 4857.18—1992
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
Horizontal impact test method for transport packages
General principles for preparing performance test outlines for transport packages Quantitative data for preparing performance test outlines for transport packages Packaging
3.1 Backlash device Backlaad device A simulation device that is the same or similar to the test sample. 3.2 Backload
When impacting, the backload device generates an extrusion force on the test sample. This simulates the load on the rear of the package in the transport vehicle.
3.3 Shackpulseprogrammer A device that controls the shock pulse parameters (such as pulse waveform, peak acceleration and duration, etc.) generated by the shock tester. 4 Test principle
Impact the test sample at a certain impact speed in a predetermined state so that the test sample is subjected to the predetermined impact pulse generated by the pulse program device (see Figure 1)
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on September 7, 1999 298
Implementation on February 1, 2000
5 Test equipment
5.1 Impact testing machine
Impact seat
GB/T 4857.15—1999
Impact program device
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of test principle
Test sample
Check load device
The impact testing machine used for this test consists of a trolley, an impact seat and a pulse program device. 5.1.1 Trolley
5.1.1.1 The trolley table should be flat and have sufficient size to meet the requirements of placing the test sample and the non-return load device. 5.1.1.2 There should be a vertical partition on the table, and the partition should be 90°±0.5° with the table. The trolley table and the partition should have a certain strength and rigidity to maintain rigidity during the test.
5.1.1.3 The surface of the partition in contact with the test sample should be flat, and its size should be larger than the size of the impacted part of the test sample. 5.1.1.4 When necessary, obstacles can be installed on the partition to make concentrated impact on a special part of the test sample. 5.1.1.5 The trolley should have a guide device to make the trolley move in a single direction toward the impact surface of the pulse program device. 5.1.1.6 Take appropriate measures to ensure that there is no relative movement between the test sample and the trolley during the movement from rest to before impact, and there is a device to limit the movement of the trolley after impact and prevent secondary rebound. 5.1.2 Impact seat and pulse program device
5.1.2.1 The impact seat should be of sufficient size to withstand the impact of the trolley. 5.1.2.2 A pulse program device should be installed between the impact seat and the trolley partition to generate the required impact pulse when the trolley partition hits the impact seat.
5.2 Check load device
5.2.1 A special check load device (see Appendix A) can be used, or the same packaging as the test sample can be used as a check load device to obtain the required load mass. 5.2.2 The contact area of ​​the check load device and the test sample should be equal. 5.2.3 The mass and friction characteristics of the check load device during each test process should be specified. 5.3 Test system
5.3.1 The test system consists of an acceleration sensor, a signal amplifier, and a display and recording device. It is required to be able to display and record the impact acceleration-time history of the test sample.
5.3.2 The test system should have sufficient acceleration range, and no overload should occur at any impact point. 5.3.3 The frequency response of the test system should be at least 20 times the measurement frequency. Within the measurement range, the accuracy of the test system should be within 5%. The various technical indicators of the test system should comply with relevant regulations. 5.3.4 When necessary, additional test instruments should be available, including optical meters or mechanical counting devices to measure the impact velocity changes of the trolley. The response accuracy of the system should be ±2.5% of the actual value. The accuracy of the measured velocity change should be within ±5.0%. 6 Test procedure
6.1 Preparation of test samples
Prepare test samples according to the requirements of GB/T4857.17. 6.2 Numbering of various parts of the test samples
GB/T4857.75—1999
Number various parts of the test samples according to the provisions of GB/T4857.1. 6.3 Pretreatment of test samples
According to the provisions of GB/T4857.2, select a condition to pre-treat the test samples with temperature and humidity. 6.4 Temperature and humidity conditions during the test
The test should be carried out under the same temperature and humidity conditions as the pre-treatment. If the pre-treatment conditions cannot be met, the test must be started within 5 minutes after the test sample leaves the pre-treatment conditions.
6.5 Selection of test intensity
Select the test intensity value according to the provisions of GB/T4857.18 or determine the test intensity with reference to the provisions of Appendix B. 6.6 Test steps
6.6.1 Place the test sample at the axial center of the trolley, with the impacted surface or edge stably against the partition. The non-return load device is placed at the rear of the test sample, close to the test sample. Note: If the test sample is pallet-packed, it is not necessary to attach a non-return load device. 6.6.1.1 When the test sample is subjected to surface impact, the angle between its impact surface and the partition shall not be greater than 2°6.6.1.2 When the test sample is subjected to edge impact, the angle between its impact edge and the partition shall not be greater than 2°, and the angle between one of the two faces constituting the edge and the partition shall be the predetermined angle, and the angle error shall not be greater than ±5°, or within ±10% of the predetermined angle (the larger of the two).
6.6.2 Select a suitable pulse program device according to the required impact acceleration value, impact waveform and pulse duration, and impact at the predetermined impact velocity. The impact velocity error should not be greater than ±5.0% of the predetermined horizontal impact velocity. 6.6.3 After the test, check the damage of the packaging and contents in accordance with the relevant standards and analyze the test results. ? Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) The name, specification, model, quantity, performance, etc. of the contents. If a simulant is used, it should be stated; b) The number of test samples;
c) Detailed description of the name, size, structure and material specifications of the packaging container: accessories, cushioning pads, supports, seals, bundling status and other protective measures;
d) The mass of the test sample and contents, in dry grams: e) The temperature, relative humidity and time during pretreatment; f) Test The temperature and relative humidity of the site: g) Type of equipment and instruments used in the test;
: h) The predetermined state of the test sample during the test; i) Test sample, test sequence and number of tests; ) Impact velocity, impact acceleration, impact waveform, pulse duration and friction characteristics between the non-return load device and the table; k) The form of the pulse program device;
1) Record the test results and submit an analysis report; m) Explain the difference between the test method used and this standard; n) Test date, signature of the tester, and seal of the test unit. 300
GB/T4857.15—1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Determination of non-return load
A1 The weight of the non-return load device is determined by the performance of the transport vehicle and the transportation environment conditions. A2 If the package is homogeneous, the force generated by the deceleration of a specific load device is proportional to the mass of the load device. In fact, under normal circumstances, this relationship can be expressed by formula (A1): P = pgF
Where: P-
-extrusion pressure of the non-return load device on the unit area of ​​the test sample, Pa; test sample density, kg/m;
g-gravitational acceleration, 9.8m/s;
F-proportional factor, m.
The proportional factor F is determined by the vehicle traction device, pulse duration and the friction coefficient between the package and the floor of the car. In experience, F=0.89m is taken. Under the condition of no special requirements, the weight of the non-return load device can be determined by formula (A2): W
Where: W-mass of the non-return load device, kgW. Mass of the test sample, kg;
L-length of the test sample in the parallel impact direction, m. WF
A3 If the test is carried out using an inclined impact tester, the weight of the non-return load device should be appropriately reduced to adapt to the non-horizontal surface. (A2)
GB/T4857.15-7999
Appendix B
(Indicative Appendix)
Choice of test intensity value
The number of test samples, test sequence, test times, impact velocity, pulse duration, etc. tested according to the requirements of this standard are determined by factors such as the test purpose, the characteristics of the contents, and the environmental conditions for transportation and loading and unloading. If there are no special provisions, refer to A1 to A4 in Appendix A of GB/T4857.11-1992, or refer to the following content: B1 The impact velocity varies within the range of (0.5 to 5.0) m/s. For road transportation, the basic value of the impact velocity is 1.5 m/s: For railway transportation, the basic value of the impact velocity is 1.8 m/s. B2 In railway transportation, the impact acceleration generally varies within the range of (0.1 to 6) g, and the maximum can reach 18 g. The pulse duration ranges from a few milliseconds to 300 ms.
B3 In road transport, the impact acceleration generally varies in the range of (0.1~15)g, and the pulse duration ranges from 40ms to 800r1s, and sometimes up to 1s.
B4 When the pallet packaging is loaded and unloaded by a forklift, the pallet packaging will be subjected to horizontal impact force. The maximum impact strength is 10g, 50rns and 40 g, 10 ms pulse.
B5 For pallets that can be inserted on all four sides, the pallet should be rotated 90° during the test and a horizontal impact test should also be performed on the second side. B6 The number of impacts that the package may be subjected to during transportation should depend on the specific circulation environment. The general number of impacts is 2 to 15 times. If necessary, it is recommended to conduct a series of lower value impact tests or a series of tests with gradually increasing impact strengths rather than a single high value impact test. This test can separate the damage point between two impact values. 302
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