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National Standard of the People's Republic of China Electrical Terminology Steam Turbine and Its Accessories Electrotechnic al terminologySteam turbineadauxillaryeqalpmentsUDC 621.125 GB 2900.46—83 This standard is mainly used for the formulation of standards, the compilation of technical documents, the writing and translation of professional manuals, teaching materials and books. This standard specifies the special terminology of steam turbine and its accessories. The terminology used in various standards related to steam turbine and its accessories must comply with GB2900.1-82 "Basic terminology of electrical terminology", this standard and the national standards for terminology of various electrical professions. Any terminology not specified in the above standards may be specified in various standards and technical documents. 1 Steam turbine 1.1 Types and models 1.1.1 Steam turbine, steam turbine steam turbine A rotary power machine with blades that expands steam and converts heat energy into mechanical energy. It is a type of turbine machinery. 1.1.2 Impulse turbine impulse turbine A steam turbine in which steam expands mainly in the nozzle or stationary blades. 1.1.3 Reaction turbine A steam turbine in which steam expands in both the nozzle (or stationary blades) and the moving blades. 1.1.4 Condensing turbine condensing lurbine A steam turbine in which steam expands in the turbine and performs work before being discharged into the condenser. 1.1.5 Back pressure turbine back pressure turbine A steam turbine with exhaust pressure higher than ten atmospheric pressures. Extraction turbine extraction turbine A steam turbine with adjustable extraction. Exhaust steam turbine exhaust stcam turbine A steam turbine that uses low-pressure exhaust steam from other steam equipment or low-match steam produced as a by-product in industrial production processes as a working medium. Saturated steam turbine: saturated steam turbine, wet steam turbineA steam turbine that uses saturated steam as a working medium. Multi-pressure steam turbine multipressure tur binc National Bureau of Standards 1983-1028 Issued 1984-06-01 Implementation GB 2800.46—83 A steam turbine that supplies steam of different pressures to different pressure sections in the same steam turbine. 1.1.10 Axial flow turbine &xial flow turbine A steam turbine in which the steam flows basically in the axial direction. 1.1.11 Radial flow turbine radial flow lurbine A steam turbine in which the steam flows basically in the radial direction. 1.1.12 Subcritical (pressure) steam turbine subcritical pressure turbineA steam turbine in which the main steam pressure is close to the critical pressure. 1.1.13 Supercritical (pressure) turbine supercritical pressure turbine A turbine with a main steam pressure higher than the critical pressure. 1.1.14 Regenerative turbine regenerative turbine A turbine that extracts steam from the intermediate stage of a condensing steam turbine to heat boiler feed water. 1.1.15 Reheat turbine reheat turbine A turbine in which steam is drawn out during the expansion process for reheating and then returned to continue expanding. 1.1.16 Single-shaft (system) turbine tandern compound turbine A turbine in which the shafts of the cylinders of a multi-cylinder turbine are connected in series to form a shaft system. 1.1.17 Double-shaft (system) turbine cross compound turbine A turbine in which the shafts of the cylinders of a multi-cylinder turbine are separated into two shaft systems. 1.1.18 Power generation turbine, power station turbinepower generation turbine A steam turbine that drives a generator. 1.1.19 Drive turbine Mechanical-drive turbine A steam turbine that drives various industrial machinery. 1.1.20 Industrial turbine Induslrial steam turbine A general term for drive turbines in various industrial enterprises and power station turbines for generating electricity. 1.1.21 Marine steam turbine Marine steam turbine A steam turbine used for ship propulsion or driving auxiliary machinery. 1.1.22 Super posed turbine A back-pressure steam turbine in which the exhaust steam is used as the working medium of other steam turbines. 1.2 General terms, principles and design 1.2.1 Throttle governing throttle governing Control valve opening to change steam flow and parameters to control turbine power. 1.2.2 Nozzle governing nozzle governing GB 2900.46—83 Control nozzle opening quantity to change steam flow to control turbine power. 1.2.3 Bypass governing by pass governing Control by bypass valve to adjust turbine power. 1.2,4 Electro-hydraulic control electro-hydraulic control Control by hydraulic actuator to control turbine operation after comprehensive amplification of electrical signals such as pressure, power and speed of steam turbine. Full admission fullarc admission The method of steam admission through nozzles distributed over the entire circumference. 1.2.6 Partial admission partial arc admission The method of steam admission through nozzles on part of the circumference. 1.2.7 Admission degree of admission The ratio of the arc segment occupied by the nozzles in the partial admission stage to the entire circumference. 1.2.8 Main steam main steam Steam before the main steam valve of the steam turbine. 1.2.9 New steam initial steam Steam before the nozzle group after the regulating valve 1.2.10 Reheat steam reheat steam Steam extracted from the steam turbine and heated in the boiler reheater. 1.2.11 Extraction steam extraction steam Steam extracted from the intermediate stage of a steam turbine. 1.2.12 Regenerative extraction steam Regenerative extraction steam Steam used to heat boiler feed water. 1.2.13 Regulated extraction steam Regulated extraction steam Steam extracted from a steam turbine and maintained within a certain pressure range. 1.2.14 Exhaust steam exhaust stearm Steam exhausted from the exhaust cylinder of a steam turbine. 1. 2. 15 Bark pressure The pressure of steam exhausted from a back-pressure steam turbine. 1.2.16 Warming up warming GB 2900.46—83 The process of turning the steam turbine and sending a small amount of steam to heat its parts evenly. 1.2.17 Cooling down cooling shut down The process of shutting down the steam turbine while cooling it down by lowering the steam pressure and temperature. 1.2.18 Vacuum break vacuum break The process of opening the vacuum break valve to allow air to enter the condenser in order to shorten the idling time when the steam turbine is shut down. 1.2.19 Starting starting The process of increasing the speed of the steam turbine from a stationary state to an operating state. 1.2.20 Cold starting cold slarting The steam turbine is operating when its metal temperature is close to room temperature or in accordance with the design requirements. 1.2.21 Hot starting hot starting The steam turbine is started again after its metal temperature has not dropped to the cold starting temperature after being shut down. 1.2.2 Starting characteristic curve of steam turbine starting characteristic curve represents the relationship curve between various variables of the steam turbine (such as unit temperature rise, expansion, etc.) and speed or time during startup. 1.2.23 Initial load initial load The minimum generator power maintained within a specified time in the initial stage after the steam turbine generator set is connected to the grid. 1.2.24 Rate of load up The amount of load increase within a single time period. 1.2.25 Oil whipping The resonance phenomenon caused by the natural vibration of the bearing oil film and the natural vibration caused by the deflection of the steam turbine rotor. 1.2.26 Centering support system A system for keeping the various components of the steam turbine stator in the center position during thermal expansion or contraction. 1.2.27 Dead center Dead center The reference point when the stator expands relative to the lower foundation. 1.2.28 relative dead center relative dead center reference point of the rotor relative to the static expansion. 1.2.29 idle time idle time time required for the turbine to completely stop rotating from the moment the steam supply to the turbine is cut off at rated speed. 1.2.30 minimum load operation minimun load operation GB 2900.46-83 operation at the minimum load that can be operated safely and continuously. 1.2.31 load limited operation load limited operation operation by controlling the opening of the regulating valve through the power limiter so that the load does not exceed the given value. 1.2.32 no-load operation no-load operation operation of the unit idling at a specified speed without power input. 1.2.8 speed governing operation The operation of increasing or decreasing the load of the unit through the action of the regulating system to control the frequency of the power system. 1.2.34 phasing operation The operation of the steam turbine generator set with reactive power to improve the small power factor of the power grid. 1.2.35 upper-limit of speed regulator The upper limit of the speed regulation range of the speed regulator 1.2. 36 lower-limit of speed regulator The lower limit of the speed regulation range of the speed regulator. 1. 2. 37 slatic balancing The process of adjusting the mass distribution of rotating parts so that the deviation of the center of gravity measured in the non-rotating state from the geometric center is less than the allowable range. 1.2.88 dynamic balancing dynamic balancing The process of adjusting the mass distribution of the rotor so that the unbalance of the forces and couples measured in the rotating state is less than ten permissible limits. 1.2.39 rigid rotor rigid rotor A rotor with an operating speed lower than the first critical speed. 1.2.40 flexible rotor A rotor with an operating speed higher than the first critical speed. 1.2.41 manual tripping manual tripping The action of emergency stopping by manually actuating the safety system. 1.2.42 electromagnetic tripping soleniod tripping The action of stopping by tripping due to electromagnetic action. 1.2.43 Overspeed tripping overspecd tripping The action of shutting down due to overspeed of the steam turbine. 1.2. 44 Main steam parameters, inlet steam parameters main steam condition GB2900.46—83 General term for the pressure, temperature, humidity, etc. of the main steam. 1.2.45 Final parameters: exhaust steam parameters end condition General term for the pressure, temperature, humidity, etc. of the exhaust steam. 1.2.46 Rated parameters rated steam condition Main steam parameters and final parameters given during design. 1.2.47 Main steam flow Main steam flow The amount of steam entering the main steam chamber of the steam turbine. 1.2.48 Stage Stationary grating and moving grating are the basic working units that can complete or convert steam energy. 1.2.49 Thermodynamic process line; condition process line condition curve From the initial state to the final state, it represents the process line of the state points of each stage in the steam turbine on the flame diagram. 1.2.50 Isenlropic enthalpy drop: ideal enthalpy drop isenlropic enthalpy drop, ideal enthalpy drapa: a. In the isotropic process, the difference in flame value between the initial static point and the final static point (isotropic static drapa); b. In the isotropic process, the difference in melting value between the initial stagnation point and the final stagnation point (isotropic stagnation drapa); c. In the isotropic process, the difference in value between the initial stagnation point and the final stagnation point (isotropic stagnation drapa); c. In the isotropic process, the difference in value between the initial stagnation point and the final stagnation point (isotropic stagnation drapa). 1.2.51 Actual enthalpy drop actual enthalpy drop During the expansion process of a steam turbine (or stage), the difference between the stagnation state and the final state after deducting the dynamic loss, stator loss, residual speed loss, leakage loss, blast loss, wheel friction loss, etc. 1.2.52 Degrre of superheat The value of the steam temperature exceeding the saturation temperature at a certain pressure. 1.2.58 Reheat temperature reheat temperature The temperature of steam at the inlet of the reheat valve. 1.2.54 Reheat pressure reheat pressure The steam at the inlet of the reheat valve. 1.2.55 Feed water temperature Feed water temperature at the outlet of the last heater. 1.2.56 Residual velocity leaving-velocity The absolute velocity of steam when it leaves the turbine stage. 1.2.57 Reheat factor The ratio of the sum of the steam reduction of each stage of a multi-stage steam turbine to the steam reduction of the whole machine is called the reheat factor. 1.2.58 Shafting GB 2900.46—83 The whole system consisting of the main shaft and the driven shaft of the steam turbine. 1.2.59 Steam bending stress steam bending stress Bending stress caused by the force of steam acting on the blades 1.2.60 Flow passage The general term for the whole steam flow passage and components in the center of the steam turbine body from the regulating valve to the cylinder exhaust port. 1.2.61 Degree of reactian The ratio of the constant direct drop from inlet pressure to outlet pressure to the constant direct drop of the stage in a moving blade. 1.2. 62 Blade profile Blade profile The cross-sectional shape of the lower working part of a stationary or moving blade. 1. 2. 63 Cascade Cascade The combination of blades arranged in a certain pattern. 1.2.64 Blade height Blade height The height of the working part of a blade. 1. 2. 65 Blade width* Blade width The vertical distance between the front lines of the inlet and outlet steam edges of the cascade. Note: The front line refers to the line connecting the corresponding points of the inlet steam edges of each blade profile in the blade profile. 1. 2.66 Chord length* The length of the projection of the blade on the chord line. 1. 2. 67 Pitch* The distance between corresponding points on two adjacent blades in the blade cascade along the frontal line. 1.2.68 Stagger angle* The sharp angle between the chord line and the frontal line of the blade. 1. 2. 69 (Blade) Inlet angle* Biade inlet angle The angle between the tangent of the biade line at the leading edge point and the frontal line of the blade cascade. Note: The biade line of the blade refers to the line connecting the centers of all inscribed circles in the blade. 1.2.70 (Blade) Outlet angle* blade outlet angle The angle between the tangent of the blade profile arc at the trailing edge point and the blade cascade line. *See Appendix A. 1.2.71 Throat opening GB 2900.46-83 The minimum width of the passage between adjacent blades of the blade cascade. 1.2.2 Throat area throat area The minimum passage area between adjacent blades of the blade cascade. 1.2.73 Area ratio; Blade area ratio area ratio The ratio of the throat area of the moving blade cascade to the throat area of the stationary blade cascade. 1.2.74 Relative pitch relative pitch The ratio of pitch to chord length, 1.2.75 Aspect ratio; Relative blade height aspect ralios relative blade heightThe ratio of blade height to chord length. 1.2.76 Inlet angle flow inlet angle The angle between the direction of the absolute [relative] velocity of the steam flow at the inlet of the stationary [moving] blade cascade and the frontal line. 1.2.77 Outlet angle flow outlet angle The angle between the direction of the absolute [relative] velocity of the steam flow at the outlet of the stationary [moving] blade cascade and the frontal line. 1.2. 78 Flow coefficient flow cocfficient The ratio of the actual flow rate through the stationary blade (or moving blade) to the theoretical flow rate. 1.2.79 Velocity coefficientwwW.bzxz.Net velocity coefficjent The ratio of the actual velocity of the steam leaving the stationary blade (or moving blade) to the theoretical velocity. 1.2. 80 Speed ratio velocily ratio . The ratio of the circumferential velocity at the average diameter or each specified cross section of the steam turbine stage to the ideal steam flow velocity of the stage: b. The ratio of the circumferential velocity at the average diameter or each specified cross section of the steam turbine stage to the steam flow velocity at the exit of the stationary blade (nozzle). 1.2.81 Blade diameter length ratio blade diameter length ratio The ratio of the average point diameter of the stage to the blade height. 1. 2. 82 Velocity triangle velocity triangle The loss diagram of the steam flow velocity at the inlet and outlet of the moving blade according to a certain ratio. 1.2. 83 Profile loss profile loss Energy loss caused by friction and detachment in the boundary layer of the blade profile, vortex phenomenon in the wake, etc. 1.2. 84 End loss blade-end loss Due to the influence of the end wall boundary layer and secondary flow, the loss of each section at the blade end exceeds the part of the profile loss, which is called end loss. GB2900.46—83 Note: "Primary flow refers to the secondary flow formed near the two end surfaces due to the existence of the end wall boundary layer. 1.2.86 Static blade loss Stalionary blade loss The sum of the static blade surface loss and the end loss. 1.2.86 Moving blade loss Moving blade loss The sum of the moving blade surface loss and the end loss (including the influence of the high-speed steam flow ejected from the static blade hitting the edge of the moving blade inlet, the instability of the steam flow, the coverage at the moving blade inlet, the expansion pressure after the steam flow enters the moving blade, etc.). Note: Cover refers to the size of the moving blade exceeding the height of the static blade (or nozzle), including the end gain and the root gain. 1.2.8 Incidence loss loss The loss at the blade inlet caused by the inconsistency between the steam inlet angle and the blade inlet angle. 1.2.8Leaving velocity loss The kinetic energy taken away by the steam flow at the blade outlet. 1.2.89Disc friction loss Disc friction loss When the disc rotates, it produces friction with the steam around it and drives this part of the steam to move. A part of the useful work consumed. 1.2.90Windage loss Windage loss In the partial steam inlet stage, a part of the useful work consumed by the fan effect when the moving blades of the non-steam inlet part move in the steam. 1.2.91Arc end loss; repulsion loss Arc end lass In the partial steam inlet stage, the energy loss generated at the two ends of the steam inlet arc segment. 1.2.9Leakage loss leakage loss The loss caused by the leakage of steam through the gap between the rotor and the stator can be divided into partition leakage loss, shaft end leakage loss, blade leakage loss, etc. 1.2.93 Moisture loss moisture loss Additional loss caused by the operation of the steam turbine stage in the wet steam area 1, including supersaturation loss, steam flow resistance loss, braking loss and drainage loss. 1.2.94 Shock loss Shock loss A kind of energy loss caused by the shock wave generated by supersonic flow. 1.2.95 Throttling loss throttlitig lass Steam pressure loss caused by throttling. 1.2. 96 Ideal power ideal powcr The mechanical work converted by the isentropic reduction of steam in unit time. 1.2. 97 Internal power interllal power GB 2900.46—83 The mechanical work converted from the actual steam drop in the turbine (or stage) in unit time1.2,98Shaft power Shaft power The power output at the shaft end of the turbine. 1.2. 99Electrical power Electrical power Electrical energy output from the generator line end in unit time. 1.2.100Internal efficiency internal efficiency The ratio of the actual drop to the equivalent drop. 1,2.101Wheel efficiency Wheel efficiency The ratio of the work done by steam in the moving blades to the equivalent drop of the stage. 1.3 Structure and Components 1.3.1 Main Steam Valve Main Stop Valve A valve that allows the main steam to enter the turbine and can be closed quickly. 1.3.2 Steam Chamber Steam Chest A chamber set up before the steam from the main steam valve enters the regulating valve to balance the steam flow. 1.3.3 Cylinder casing cylinder The casing that contains the rotor and bears the pressure and is used to install partitions, static bells, etc. 1.3.4 barrel-type casing especially a cylinder with a horizontal flange in the shape of a cylinder. t.3.5 Nozzle chamber nozzle box The cavity before the nozzle of the regulating valve is opened. The disc for installing moving blades. bladed disc The wheel disc with moving blades. 1.3.8 (steam turbine) main shaft main shaft The shaft for the impeller to transmit the turbine power. rotor body rotor without blades rotor without moving blades. 1.8.10 Rotor GB 2900.46—83 The whole of the rotating parts consisting of the rotor body (or main shaft and impeller), moving blades, etc. 1.3.11 Integral forged rotor Integral rotor Rotor forged as a whole and equipped with moving blades. 1..12 Assembled rotor Assembled rotor Rotor with an assembled impeller. 1. 3.13 Welded disc rotor Welded disc rotor Rotor welded from several forgings and equipped with moving blades. 1.3.14 Nozzle Nozzle Part that effectively converts the thermal energy of steam into kinetic energy and plays a certain guiding role on the steam flow. 1. 3. 15 Blade A part used to change steam flow parameters in the flow section to achieve energy conversion. It is generally composed of a blade root and a blade body with a specific profile. 1. 3. 16 Shroud Strip metal with or added to the top of the blade. 1.3.17 Moving blade moving blade rotor blade The blade on the rotor. 1.3.18 Stationary blade Stator blade The blade on the stationary parts such as partitions and cylinders. 1.3.19 Guide blade Stator blade that mainly plays a guiding role in the flow passage. 1.3.20 Twist blade twist blade The blade whose blade shape and installation angle (or just the installation angle) change according to a certain rule along the blade height. 1.3.21 Straight blade straight blade The blade whose blade shape and installation angle remain unchanged along the blade height. 1. 8., 22 Final blade final Blade The blade that is installed at the end of the wheel or rotor body and fixed with a special method, and plays a role in locking the row of blades. 1. 3.23 Blade root blade rot GB 2900.46—B3 The blade part with a certain size and shape that fixes the blade on the wheel [rotor body] or cylinder [holding ring]. 1.3.24 Spacer spacer The part installed between the roots of adjacent blades to maintain the blade pitch and flow channel width. 1.3.25 Locking piece locking piece The part that is installed at the end of the cylinder, wheel, etc. and fixed with a special method, and plays a role in locking the blade. 1.3.26 Lacing wire lacing wire The metal wire that runs between the blades to play the role of frequency modulation and damping. 1.3.27 Balancing hole balancing hole A circular hole evenly arranged on the impeller to reduce the axial thrust of the impulse turbine. 1.3.28 Diaphragm Two semicircular plates or full circular plates equipped with stationary blades. 1.3.29 Guide blade carrier The component for installing guide blades. 1.3.30 Stationary blade carrier: The outer edge of the diaphragm blade carrier is installed in the cylinder groove, and the inner edge can be equipped with the intermediate supporting parts of the stationary blade or diaphragm. 1.3.31 Exhaust chamber exhaust chamber The chamber that guides the exhaust steam into the condenser. 1. 3.32 Crass over pipe Steam pipe used to connect adjacent cylinders in a multi-cylinder steam turbine. 1.8.33Journal bearing Journal bearing Sliding bearing that bears the radial load of the turbine rotor. 1.3.34Thrust bearing Thrust-bearing Sliding bearing that bears the axial load of the turbine rotor. 1.3.35Thrust-journail bearing Sliding bearing that bears both the axial load and the radial load of the turbine rotor. 1.3.36Bearing pedestal A component mounted on the chassis or foundation of the turbine to support the bearing. 1.3.87Thrust collar A disc that can transmit the axial thrust of the rotor to the thrust bearing.22 Final blade final blade The blade that is last installed in the wheel disc or rotor body and fixed by some special method, and has a locking effect on the row of blades. 1. 3.23 Blade root blade rot GB 2900.46—B3 The blade part with a certain size and shape that fixes the blade on the wheel disc [rotor body] or cylinder [holding ring]. 1.3.24 Spacer tt||The part installed between the roots of adjacent blades to maintain the blade pitch and flow channel width. 1.3.25 Locking piece locking piece The part that is last installed in the cylinder, wheel disc, etc. and fixed with it by some special method, and has a locking effect on the blade. 1.3.26 Lacing wire Metal wire that runs between blades to play a role in frequency modulation and damping. 1.3.27 Balancing hole Circular hole evenly arranged on the wheel disc to reduce the axial thrust of the impulse turbine. 1.3.28 Diaphragm Two semicircular plates or full circular plates with stationary blades. 1.3.29 Guide blade carrier Parts for installing guide blades. 1.3.30 Stationary blade carrier: The outer edge of the diaphragm sleeve blade carrier is installed in the cylinder groove, and the inner edge can be installed with the intermediate supporting parts of the stationary blade or diaphragm. 1.3.31 Exhaust chamber Exhaust chamber The chamber that guides exhaust steam into the condenser. 1. 3.32 Crass over pipe The steam pipe used to connect adjacent cylinders in a multi-cylinder steam turbine. 1.8.33 Journal bearing Journal bearing Sliding bearing that bears the radial load of the turbine rotor. 1. 3. 34 Thrust bearing Thrust-bearing Sliding bearing that bears the axial load of the turbine rotor. 1.3.35 Thrust-journail bearing Sliding bearing that bears both the axial load and the radial load of the turbine rotor. 1.3.36 Bearing pedestal A component mounted on the chassis or foundation of the turbine to support the bearing. 1.3.87 Thrust collar A disc that can transmit the axial thrust of the rotor to the thrust bearing.22 Final blade final blade The blade that is last installed in the wheel disc or rotor body and fixed by some special method, and has a locking effect on the row of blades. 1. 3.23 Blade root blade rot GB 2900.46—B3 The blade part with a certain size and shape that fixes the blade on the wheel disc [rotor body] or cylinder [holding ring]. 1.3.24 Spacer tt||The part installed between the roots of adjacent blades to maintain the blade pitch and flow channel width. 1.3.25 Locking piece locking piece The part that is last installed in the cylinder, wheel disc, etc. and fixed with it by some special method, and has a locking effect on the blade. 1.3.26 Lacing wire Metal wire that runs between blades to play a role in frequency modulation and damping. 1.3.27 Balancing hole Circular hole evenly arranged on the wheel disc to reduce the axial thrust of the impulse turbine. 1.3.28 Diaphragm Two semicircular plates or full circular plates with stationary blades. 1.3.29 Guide blade carrier Parts for installing guide blades. 1.3.30 Stationary blade carrier: The outer edge of the diaphragm sleeve blade carrier is installed in the cylinder groove, and the inner edge can be installed with the intermediate supporting parts of the stationary blade or diaphragm. 1.3.31 Exhaust chamber Exhaust chamber The chamber that guides exhaust steam into the condenser. 1. 3.32 Crass over pipe The steam pipe used to connect adjacent cylinders in a multi-cylinder steam turbine. 1.8.33 Journal bearing Journal bearing Sliding bearing that bears the radial load of the turbine rotor. 1. 3. 34 Thrust bearing Thrust-bearing Sliding bearing that bears the axial load of the turbine rotor. 1.3.35 Thrust-journail bearing Sliding bearing that bears both the axial load and the radial load of the turbine rotor. 1.3.36 Bearing pedestal A component mounted on the chassis or foundation of the turbine to support the bearing. 1.3.87 Thrust collar A disc that can transmit the axial thrust of the rotor to the thrust bearing. 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