Provides a test method to determine the ability of test samples of electrical and electronic products to withstand specified severe impact levels. When evaluating the "safety" of products, this method is mainly used to demonstrate the mechanical strength level that can be sustained. GB/T 2423.46-1997 Environmental testing for electrical and electronic products Part 2: Test methods Test Ef: Impact pendulum GB/T2423.46-1997 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
Provides a test method to determine the ability of test samples of electrical and electronic products to withstand specified severe impact levels. When evaluating the "safety" of products, this method is mainly used to demonstrate the mechanical strength level that can be sustained.

GB/T 2423. 46
This standard is formulated based on the International Electrotechnical Commission standard IEC68-2-62 "Environmental testing Part 1 Test methods, Test EI: Mountain impact pendulum" (1991 edition) and the amendment on November 1, 1993. This standard is completely equivalent to the contents of IEC68-2-62 (1991 edition) and the IEC amendment on November 1, 1993. The test is divided into two methods, "low energy" and "high energy" according to the energy level. In order to adapt to the development of new technologies and standards and to facilitate international trade, technology and economic exchanges, the method is divided into method 1 "low energy" after Chapter 3 and method 2 "high energy" after Chapter 11. The number of each chapter of method 2 "high energy" in the IEC amendment of November 1, 1993 is adapted according to the number after Chapter 11 of this standard. Chapter 104 in the IEC amendment of November 1, 1993 is changed to Chapter 12 of this standard, Chapter 105 is changed to Chapter 13 of this standard, and Chapter 111 is changed to Chapter 19 of this standard. The article numbers and contents of each chapter remain unchanged.
Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are reminder appendices: This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Environmental Conditions and Environmental Tests for Electrical and Electronic Products. This standard was drafted by the Shanghai Electric Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and the Shanghai Instrument Electronic Standard Metrology and Testing Institute participated in the drafting. The main drafters of this standard are: He Jinkang, Yu Zhanquan, Lu Zhaoming. 442
GB/T2423.46.1997
1. Figure 1. The formal resolutions or agreements of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on technical issues are formulated by technical committees represented by national committees that are particularly concerned about the issue. They express the international consensus on the issue as much as possible. 2. These resolutions or agreements are used internationally in the form of recommended standards and are accepted by national committees in this sense. 3. In order to promote international unification, the International Electrotechnical Commission hopes that all member countries will adopt the contents of the International Electrotechnical Commission recommended standards as their national standards when formulating national standards as long as the specific conditions of the country permit. Any differences between the International Electrotechnical Commission's recommended standards and national standards should be clearly pointed out in the national standards as much as possible. This standard was formulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 50 (Environmental Testing) and the 50A Technical Committee (Shock and Vibration). This standard is formulated based on the following documents.
50A(CO)183
More detailed voting information can be found in the voting report specified in the table above. This standard is a basic safety publication as defined in IEC 104 Directive. Annexes A and B are informative appendices.
Voting Report
50A(O)189 and 189A
Amendment No. 1, published in November 1993, was prepared by IEC 50 Technical Committee 50A Shock and Vibration Test Subcommittee based on the following documents.
50A(CO)229
50A(CO)231
Full voting information on the approval of this amendment can be found in the voting report specified in the table above. Notice
1 National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
Part 2: Test methods
Test Ef: Impact , pendulum hammer
Environmental testing for electric and electronic productsPart 2: Test methods
Test Ef : Impact , pendulum hammerGB/T 2423.46--- 1997
idt 1EC68-2-62:1991
Provides a test method for determining the ability of test samples of electric and electronic products to withstand impacts of specified severity levels. When assessing the "safety" of a product, this method should be used to demonstrate the level of mechanical strength that it can withstand. Test Efa (low energy) is to use the test device specified by the standard and the drop height and impact value of the approximate range of 0.15J ~ 0.5J.
Test E/b (high energy) has greater flexibility in the test device used and the specified impact value of 1.0J ~ 201. Test Efa mainly refers to the test samples related to electrical and electronic products, such as switches and lamp holders. Test Efb has a larger impact energy range and is mainly used to test test samples that exceed the capacity of the test device of test Efa. The relevant test specifications should specify the methods used.
2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB2421-89 General rules for basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products GBT2422-1995 Terminology for environmental testing of electric and electronic products GB934288 Test method for Rockwell hardness of plastics Mechanical vibration and shock Terminology
GB/T 2298-91
IE(° 68-1 :1988
ISO 1098 : 1975
Environmental testing - Part 1: General principles and guidelines General purpose plywood
IS() 2039-2 : 1987
Plastic products
·General requirements
Determination of hardness - Part 2 Rockwell hardness Vibration and shock - Terminology
ISO 2041:1990
ISO 1052: 1982
·General Engineering Steel
3 Definitions
Terms used in this standard are generally defined in ISO) 2041 or IEC68-1. For the purpose of this standard, the following additional terms and definitions shall also be used. 3.1 Fixing point
The part where the test sample contacts the fixture or the test sample contacts the test machine table. It is usually used to fix the test sample during use. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on June 3, 199744
Implementation on May 1, 1998
3.2 Measuring point
GB/T 2423.46--1997
The measuring point is a mark point on the surface of the impact member, which is the intersection of the pendulum axis and the impact element axis, that is, the intersection of the perpendicular line perpendicular to the plane formed by the two axes and the impact element surface. NOTES
1 In some standards that include pendulum tests, such as IEC 238, the term "checking point" is used, but this standard does not use it to avoid confusion with the term "check point" used in IF 68-2-6. 2 In theory, the center of gravity of the impact element should be the measuring point. In practice, the center of gravity is not difficult to determine, but it is not achievable, so the measuring point is as specified above (see Figure 6).
3.3 Height of fall
The vertical distance between the measuring point when the pendulum is released and the position of the measuring point at the moment of impact (see Figure 1). 3.4 Equivalent mass
The mass of a single pendulum calculated by dividing the vertical force (in Newtons) on the axis of the impact element to keep the pendulum in a horizontal position by the acceleration due to gravity. When the mass of the pendulum is uniformly distributed, the equivalent mass is equal to the sum of the combined mass of the impact element plus half the mass of the pendulum.
3.5 Combined mass of the striking element The sum of the mass of the striking element and the mass of the striking element mounting system. Method 1: Test Efa (low energy)
4 Test apparatus
4.1 General description
The pendulum test apparatus in Appendix A is applicable to this standard. The test apparatus mainly consists of a 1m long pendulum with a tubular pendulum rod and an element that strikes the test piece.
The striking element is firmly fixed at the lower end of the tubular pendulum rod. It includes a steel hammer body and a hemispherical nylon hammer head with a radius of 10mm attached to it (see Figure 2). Its combined mass is 150g±1g. When the pendulum is released, the pendulum should fall only under the action of gravity. The striking element hammer head should be visually inspected before each test. To ensure that the hammer head should not have any damage that may affect the test results. The striking element strikes the test sample mounted directly or mounted on the mounting fixture through a connector (see 4.2). 4.2 Installation
The test specimen shall be mounted directly on the plywood of the mounting fixture (see Appendix A and Figure 3, and for some test specimens, see Figures 4 and 5) or in accordance with the provisions of the relevant specifications. The mounting fixture consists of a square plywood 8 mm thick clamped on a rigid structure with a mass of 10 kg, with a 2 mm gap between the plywood and the rigid structure.
The mounting fixture shall be structurally capable of moving or rotating the test specimen relative to the specified position and be locked in the required position to ensure that the impact point selected on the test specimen is located in the vertical plane formed by the axis of the pendulum shaft and the axis of the impact element. If a connector is required for the installation of the test specimen, the specific requirements shall be in accordance with the provisions of the relevant specifications. 5 Severity Level
5.1 The severity level of the pendulum impact test is determined by the drop height (see 5.2) and the specified number of impacts (see 5.3). The test severity level is based on the use of the pendulum test device specified in 4.1. If a test device other than that specified in Appendix A is used, the hammer head of the impact element shall have an impact surface of the same form as that specified in Appendix A, and the drop height of the impact element shall be reselected to give the same impact energy as specified in 5.2 (the impact energy calculation method is listed in Appendix B). : 5.2 Drop height
GB/T 2423.46--1997
The drop height shall be selected from Table 1 in accordance with the provisions of the relevant specifications: Table 1 (low energy)
Nominal drop height, mm
5.3 Number of impacts
Relationship between impact energy value and drop height Impact energy, 」
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications, the test sample shall be impacted 5 times in each state. 6 Pretreatment
The relevant specifications may require pretreatment of the test sample and shall specify the conditions. Initial test
The test sample shall be inspected for appearance, dimensions and function in accordance with the provisions of the relevant specifications. 8 Condition test
The test sample shall be installed in accordance with the normal use status and the provisions of 4.2. 8.1 Status and impact position
The relevant specifications shall specify the status and impact position of the test sample. 8.2 Operation mode and functional test
The relevant specifications shall specify:
a) Whether the test sample should work during the impact test; b) Whether functional test is required during the impact test. For the above two situations, the relevant specifications shall provide the criterion for the qualified test sample. 9 Recovery
The relevant specifications may require the recovery of the test sample and shall specify the conditions. 10 Final test
The test sample shall be inspected for appearance, dimensions and function in accordance with the provisions of the relevant specifications, and specific qualified criterion shall be specified. 11 Contents to be given in the relevant specifications
When the relevant specifications adopt this test method, the following contents shall be given according to the applicable situation, and the "*" is a mandatory clause. a) Installation method (except direct installation)
b) Drop height
c) Number of impacts (except 5 times)
d) Pretreatment
e) Initial test
f) State and impact position
(see 4.2)
(see 5.2)
(see 5.3)
(see Chapter 6)
(see Chapter 7)
(see 8.1)
g) Operation mode and function test
h) Qualification criterion
i) Recovery
ji) Final test
2 Test device
Yin Note
GB/T 2423.46--. 1997
(see 8.1 or 10)
(see 9)
(see 10)
Method 2: Test Efb (high energy)
The test apparatus consists essentially of a pendulum which rotates about an axis at its top and is maintained in a plumb plane. The distance from the axis to the measuring point is 1000 mm and the impact element shall meet the requirements of Table 2. The distance from the end of the impact element to the measuring point shall be 60 mm ± 20 mm. The ratio of the mass of the pendulum to the combined mass of the impact element shall not be greater than 0.2 and the centre of gravity of the impact element shall be on the axis of the pendulum. To avoid secondary impacts, i.e. rebound, the pendulum may be braked after the initial impact by grasping it to avoid deformation of the pendulum. The hammer head of the impact element shall be visually inspected before each impact to ensure that there is no damage that could affect the test result. The portable pendulum is suitable for testing heavy, bulky or difficult to move test specimens. According to the previous instructions, the center of rotation can be fixed directly on the test specimen or on a movable structure. In this case, the pendulum should be in a horizontal position before testing, and the mounting point and impact point with sufficient rigidity should be in the vertical plane passing through the pendulum axis. 12.2 Installation
The installation of the test specimen shall be in accordance with the provisions of the relevant specifications. If the test specimen can be subjected to impacts of the same energy and the displacement of the mounting fixture is less than 0.1 mm, the mounting fixture is considered to have sufficient rigidity.
13 Severity level
13.1 Overview
The severity level is determined by the impact energy value selected from Table 2 and the number of impacts specified in 13.3. 13.2 Impact energy value
The impact energy value shall be selected according to the provisions of the relevant specifications. One energy value is selected Table 2 (high energy)
Impact energy
Equivalent mass, kg
Relationship between impact energy value and drop height Impact element hammer
1) According to IS) 2039/2, its Rockwell hardness is HR1002) FE490-2. Its Rockwell hardness is in accordance with ISO) 1052. 13.3 Number of impacts
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications, the test sample shall be impacted 5 times in each state. Material
Nylon\
Standard drop height, mm
14 Pretreatment
GB/T2423.46---1997
The relevant specifications may require pretreatment of the test sample and shall specify the conditions. 15 Initial test
The test sample shall be tested for appearance, size and function in accordance with the relevant specifications. Condition test
16.1 State and impact position
The relevant specifications shall specify the state and impact position of the test sample. 16.2 Operation mode and functional test
The relevant specifications shall specify:
a) Whether the test sample should work during the impact test; b) Whether functional test is required during the impact test. For the above two situations, the relevant specifications shall put forward the qualified criterion for the test sample. 17 Recovery
The relevant specifications may require the recovery of the test sample and shall specify the conditions. 18 Final test
The test sample shall be tested for appearance, size and function in accordance with the relevant specifications and shall specify the specific criteria. 19 Contents to be given in the relevant specifications
When the relevant specifications adopt this test method, the following contents shall be given according to the applicable situation, and the terms marked with "*" are mandatory. a) Installation method (except direct installation)
b) Impact energy value*
c) Number of impacts (except 5 times)
d) Pretreatment
e) Initial test
f) Status and impact position
g) Operational and functional test
h) Acceptance and rejection criteria
i) Restoration
ji) Final test
(see 12.2)
(see 13.2)
(see 13.3)||tt| |(See Chapter 14)
(See Chapter 15)
(See 16.1)
(See 16.2)
(See 16.2 and Chapter 18)
(See Chapter 17)
(See Chapter 18)
GB/T2423.461997
Appendix A
(Suggestive Appendix)
Example of Pendulum Test Device
Test Efa (Low Energy)
Figure 1 shows an example of a pendulum test device. It mainly consists of a pendulum, a bracket and a mounting fixture. The structures of the impact element and the mounting fixture are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The structure of the pendulum test device should enable the impact element to apply a force of 1.9N to 2.0N to keep the tubular rod of the pendulum in a horizontal position. The pendulum consists of a tubular pendulum rod and an impact element. The impact element (see Figure 2) consists of a hammer head and a hammer body. The hammer head is a nylon hemispherical body with a radius of 10 mm and a Rockwell hardness of HR100 (refer to ISO2039/2). The combined mass of the impact element is 150 g ± 1 g. It is firmly fixed at the lower end of the tubular pendulum. The outer diameter of the steel tube is 9 mm and the wall thickness is 0.5mm, its upper end is fixed to the axis of the test device support and rotates around the axis so that it can only swing in the vertical plane. The axis is located 1000mm ± 1mm ​​above the axis of the impact element, and the measurement points specified in 3.2 are shown in Figure 6. The test sample is preferably mounted on a piece of plywood (the requirements for plywood refer to the provisions of IS1098) with the dimensions of 8mm×175mm×175mm. Its upper end and bottom edge are fixed to a rigid bracket (see Figure 3), which is part of the mounting fixture. The mass of the mounting fixture is 10kg±1kg and is mounted on the support of the test device with an axle pin, and the support of the test device itself is fixed to a solid wall.
The design of the mounting fixture should meet the requirements of 4.2 to ensure that: a) the test sample is mounted in a suitable position and its impact point is in the vertical plane through the swing axis; b) the test sample can move horizontally and rotate around an axis perpendicular to the plywood surface; c) the plywood can rotate around the vertical axis.
The test specimen shall be mounted on the plywood as in normal use. If the test specimen cannot be mounted directly on the plywood, the relevant specification shall specify a suitable connector (see 4.2). Figure 4 shows an example of a connector for a built-in switch, Figure 5 shows an example of a connector for a lamp holder, and Test Efb (high energy)
Figure 1 shows an example of a pendulum test setup. The impact element consists of a steel hammer body and a hammer head with a hemispherical surface, and is rigidly fixed to the lower end of a steel tube, while the upper end of the steel tube swings in a vertical plane with the pendulum axis as the center. The design of the mounting fixture shall meet the requirements of 12.2, so that the test specimen is mounted in a suitable position and the impact point is in the vertical plane passing through the pendulum axis.
For some special applications, it is possible to use a wire instead of the pendulum rod and a steel ball instead of the impact element. The mass of the steel ball, the length of the wire and the height of the ball are specified in the relevant specifications, such as IEC79-0, IEC439-4, IEC947-1 and IEC950. Note: Figures 2, 3, 1, and 5 are all applicable to test Efa (low energy). Appendix B
(Suggestive Appendix)
Guidelines
This standard provides a method for determining the mechanical strength level of the test sample. It can therefore be used to assess the "safety" level of the product. The purpose of the pendulum impact test is to detect the ability of electrical components, such as lamp holders, switches, and wall-mounted power sockets, to withstand impacts of specified severity. In some national standards and IEC standards, such as: (B/T140.18.1·93 General Rules for Low-voltage Switchgear and Control Equipment 449
GB10979.89
IEC 238:1991
IF 328:1972
1EC400:1991
GB/T2423.46-—1997
Lighting switches for household and similar purposes
Edison screw lamp holders
Electrical switches
Lamp holders and starter holders for tubular fluorescent lamps
IEC 669-1:1981
Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 1 · General requirements The above standards clearly define the methods and requirements of the pendulum impact test and the related test equipment. Appendix A is written based on the contents of these standards.
In order to make this test repeatable and reproducible, and to enable different people and different test laboratories to obtain consistent results, it is necessary to be familiar with and understand the pendulum test equipment and its influence on the test results. In general, the main factors affecting the test results are: the shape of the impact surface of the hammer head of the impact element, the equivalent mass of the pendulum (that is, the sum of the combined mass of the impact element with the hammer head and half the mass of the pendulum rod steel pipe, assuming that the steel pipe has a uniformly distributed mass), the mass of the mounting fixture and the installation of the test sample. Although the test device referred to in 4.1 is not an example of a test device that can be used in Appendix A, 5.1 stipulates that if a different test device is used, the hammer is required to The heads have alternating hardness and the same shape of the impact surface. The drop height of the impact element should be selected so as to produce the same impact energy. For tests with impact energies below 2J, the test device with a steel impact hammer head shown in Figure 1 can still be used, but for higher energy impacts, it will require a more rigid pendulum. Normalize the standard acceleration caused by the earth's gravity (gn) to 10m/s, multiply it by the equivalent mass (kg), which is 0.2kg in the test device and multiply it by the drop height (m), thus obtaining the impact energy (J). If the equivalent mass is 0.2kg and the drop height is 1o0mm, the impact energy is 0.2J.
Although in special cases it may be required that the impact element has a different equivalent mass, attention should be paid to the structural design of the test device to ensure that the test device meets the needs of increased loads. 450
Female frame.
Installation of disaster equipment
GB/T 2423.46
Test sample
Test device
Figure 2 Impact element
LM4 (2)
Parts material
D Nylon
②, 6 Steel
200Minimum
Hardware block
GB/T 2423. 46.-. 1997
Plywood
Figure 3 Mounting fixture
10Maximum
125±1
175±1
Plywood
Figure 4 Installation of flat switch
Installation of test product
And installation of test sample
GB/T 2423.46
Installation fixtures
Figure 5 Installation of lamp holder
Strike element
Figure 6 Obtaining measurement points
Measurement points1981
Switch for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 1 · General requirements The above standards clearly define the methods and requirements of the pendulum impact test and the related test equipment. Appendix A is written based on the contents of these standards. In order to make this test repeatable and reproducible, so that different people and different test laboratories can obtain consistent results, it is necessary to be familiar with and understand the pendulum test equipment and its influence on the test results. In general, the main factors affecting the test results are: the shape of the impact surface of the hammer head of the impact element, the equivalent mass of the pendulum (that is, the combined mass of the impact element with the hammer head and the sum of half the mass of the pendulum rod steel tube, assuming that the steel tube has uniformly distributed mass), the mass of the mounting fixture and the installation of the test sample. Although the test device referred to in 4.1 is not used as an example of a test device that can be used in Appendix A, 5.1 stipulates that if different test devices are used, the hammer heads are required to have different hardness and the same shape of the impact surface. The drop height of the impact element should be selected so as to produce the same impact energy. For tests with impact energies below 2 J, the test rig with a steel impact hammer head as shown in Figure 1 can still be used, but for higher energy impacts it will require a more rigid pendulum. Normalize the standard acceleration caused by the earth's gravity (gn) to 10 m/s, multiply it by the equivalent mass (kg), which is 0.2 kg in the test rig and multiply it by the drop height (m), thus obtaining the impact energy (J). If the equivalent mass is 0.2 kg and the drop height is 100 mm, the impact energy is 0.2 J.
Although special cases may require the impact element to have a different equivalent mass, attention should be paid to the structural design of the test rig to ensure that the test rig meets the needs of increased loads. 450
Female frame.
Installation equipment
GB/T 2423.46
Test sample
Test device
Figure 2 Impact element
LM4 (2)
Parts material
D Nylon
②, 6 Steel
200Minimum
Hardware block
GB/T 2423. 46.-. 1997
Plywood
Figure 3 Installation fixture
10Maximum
125±1
175±1
Plywood
Figure 4 Installation of flat switch
Installation test product
Installation test sample
GB/T 2423.46
Installation fixtures
Figure 5 Installation of lamp holder
Strike element
Figure 6 Obtaining measurement points
Measurement points1981
Switch for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 1 · General requirements The above standards clearly define the methods and requirements of the pendulum impact test and the related test equipment. Appendix A is written based on the contents of these standards. In order to make this test repeatable and reproducible, so that different people and different test laboratories can obtain consistent results, it is necessary to be familiar with and understand the pendulum test equipment and its influence on the test results. In general, the main factors affecting the test results are: the shape of the impact surface of the hammer head of the impact element, the equivalent mass of the pendulum (that is, the combined mass of the impact element with the hammer head and the sum of half the mass of the pendulum rod steel tube, assuming that the steel tube has uniformly distributed mass), the mass of the mounting fixture and the installation of the test sample. Although the test device referred to in 4.1 is not used as an example of a test device that can be used in Appendix A, 5.1 stipulates that if different test devices are used, the hammer heads are required to have different hardness and the same shape of the impact surface. The drop height of the impact element should be selected so as to produce the same impact energy. For tests with impact energies below 2 J, the test rig with a steel impact hammer head as shown in Figure 1 can still be used, but for higher energy impacts it will require a more rigid pendulum. Normalize the standard acceleration caused by the earth's gravity (gn) to 10 m/s, multiply it by the equivalent mass (kg), which is 0.2 kg in the test rig and multiply it by the drop height (m), thus obtaining the impact energy (J). If the equivalent mass is 0.2 kg and the drop height is 100 mm, the impact energy is 0.2 J.
Although special cases may require the impact element to have a different equivalent mass, attention should be paid to the structural design of the test rig to ensure that the test rig meets the needs of increased loads. 450
Female frame.
Installation equipment
GB/T 2423.46
Test sample
Test device
Figure 2 Impact element
LM4 (2)bzxZ.net
Parts material
D Nylon
②, 6 Steel
200Minimum
Hardware block
GB/T 2423. 46.-. 1997
Plywood
Figure 3 Installation fixture
10Maximum
125±1
175±1
Plywood
Figure 4 Installation of flat switch
Installation test product
Installation test sample
GB/T 2423.46
Installation fixtures
Figure 5 Installation of lamp holder
Strike element
Figure 6 Obtaining measurement points
Measurement points
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