This standard specifies the basic safety technical requirements for oil terminal facilities, equipment and operations. This standard applies to seaports (including estuary ports) and river ports oil terminals. GB 16994-1997 Basic safety technical requirements for oil terminals GB16994-1997 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB16994—1997
The various requirements specified in this standard involve the classification and technical requirements of fire hazards in loading and unloading oil products at oil terminals. These regulations are used to ensure the uniformity of basic safety technical requirements for oil terminals.
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Safety Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Communications and the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Communications. The drafting units of this standard are: the Institute of Standards and Metrology of the Ministry of Communications, the Port and Navigation Supervision Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Dalian Port Authority, Jinzhou Port Co., Ltd., and Nanjing Port Supervision Office of Jiangsu Province.
The main drafters of this standard are: Xiong Caiqi, Wang Jiming, Meng Qingming, Guo Weizhong, and Sun Xiaozhang. This standard is entrusted to the Institute of Standards and Metrology of the Ministry of Communications for interpretation. 407
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Basic requirement for accident prevention of oil terminals
Basic requirement for accident prevention of oil terminals This standard specifies the basic safety technical requirements for oil terminal facilities, equipment and operations. This standard applies to seaports (including estuary ports) and river port oil terminals. 2 Reference standards
GB16994--1997
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GBJ65--83 Grounding design specification for industrial and civil power installations GBJ74—84 Petroleum depot design specification
GB2894-88 Safety signs
GB4385--1995 Technical requirements for anti-static shoes and conductive shoes GB8978--88 Integrated sewage discharge standard
GB12014—89 Anti-static work clothes
GB 12158---90
GB 13348—92
General guidelines for preventing electrostatic accidents
Static safety regulations for liquid petroleum products
GB 15599--1995
GB 50052--1995
GB 50057--94
GB 50058--92
Lightning safety code for petroleum and petroleum facilities
Design code for power supply and distribution system
Design code for lightning protection of buildings
Design code for power installations in explosive and fire hazardous environmentsDesign code for river and port engineering
GB 50192~—93
General and process design of seaports
JTJ 211—87
SY 0075---93
3 Definitions
Design code for firebreaks in oil tank areas
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Oil terminal
A berth and loading and unloading operation area dedicated to the berthing and loading and unloading of bulk oil by oil tankers. 3.2 Insulating flange refers to a special flange for joints equipped with insulating linings, bushings and washers to prevent current from passing between pipe sections, hose strings or oil transfer arms. 3.3 Single length of non-conducting hose refers to a short rubber hose to prevent current from passing between pipe sections, hose strings or oil transfer arms. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on September 19, 1997 408bzxZ.net
Implemented on May 1, 1998
4 Fire hazard classification of oil loading and unloading at oil terminals GB16994-1997
Fire hazard classification of oil loading and unloading at oil terminals is divided into three levels according to the flash point of the oil, see Table 1. Table 1 Classification of fire hazards of oil loading and unloading at oil terminals
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Plane layout
Flash point, ℃
≥28～60
5.1.1 Inland port oil terminals should be built downstream of adjacent terminals or buildings and structures. If there are real difficulties, they can also be built upstream under the condition of reliable safety facilities, and should avoid waterways, waters with complex navigation conditions and water source protection areas. 5.1.2 Seaport oil terminals should be built on the upper side of the minimum frequency wind direction of non-oil terminals throughout the year. 5.1.3 The safe distance between the oil terminal and other adjacent terminals, buildings, structures and the two adjacent berths of the oil terminal and the buildings and structures in the oil terminal shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant fire protection design regulations for loading and unloading oil terminals. 5.1.4 The buildings and structures of the oil terminal shall be built with non-combustible materials (except for protective facilities). 5.2 Electrical installations
5.2.1 The electrical installations of the oil terminal shall comply with the provisions of GB50058. 5.2.2 The power supply and distribution system of the oil terminal shall comply with the provisions of GB50052. 5.2.3 The transformer and distribution room with a voltage of 10kV or above in the oil terminal shall be set up separately. The transformer and distribution room with a voltage of 10kV or below may be adjacent to the oil pump room. When adjacent to the flammable oil pump room, the following requirements shall be met: a) The partition wall shall be a solid wall made of non-combustible materials. Pipelines not related to the transformer and distribution room shall not pass through the partition wall. All holes through the wall shall be tightly filled with non-combustible materials.
b) The doors and windows of the transformer and distribution room shall open outwards and be equipped with rat-proof nets. The doors and windows shall be located outside the explosion hazard area of ​​the pump room. If the windows are located within the explosion hazard area, they shall be closed and fixed windows. c) The floor of the transformer and distribution room shall be 0.6m higher than the floor of the pump room. 5.2.4 The power supply and distribution cables in the production operation area of ​​the oil terminal should be flame-retardant cables. When the cables are directly buried, the cables shall not be placed in the same trench as the oil pipeline and thermal pipeline. The direct burial depth should not be less than 0.7m in general areas, not less than 1.0m in cultivated areas, and not less than 0.5m in rocky areas. After the cables are laid in the cable trench, the cable trench should be filled with soil and sand. When the cables are laid overhead using a bridge frame, the cables can be laid on the same frame as the above-ground oil pipeline, and the net distance between the cables and the pipeline or its insulation layer should not be less than 0.2m. 5.2.5 The oil terminal should set up an alarm system at an appropriate location. And be equipped with necessary effective explosion-proof communication equipment. 5.2.6 Anti-static
5.2.6.1 The oil terminal should set up a device to eliminate static electricity on the body at an appropriate location. 5.2.6.2 Oil terminal oil pipelines, crane pipes, steel trestles and other loading and unloading equipment should be connected and grounded with static electricity. Anti-static and anti-inductive lightning grounding devices should be installed at the beginning and end, branches and straight sections of oil pipelines laid on the ground or in trenches every 200 to 300 meters. The grounding point should be set at the fixed pipe pier (frame).
5.2.6.3 Anti-static design methods, measures and management should comply with the provisions of GB13348 and GB12158. 5.2.6.4 Workers in explosion-hazardous areas should wear anti-static work clothes and anti-static work shoes, which should comply with the provisions of GB4385 and GB12014.
5.2.7 Stray current prevention
5.2.7.1 When the oil terminal uses an oil transfer arm to load oil, an insulating flange should be installed on the oil transfer arm. When the oil is loaded and unloaded with a rubber hose, a non-conductive short pipe (the insulating flange and the non-conductive short pipe are collectively referred to as the stray current prevention section) should be installed on each hose pipeline. 5.2.7.2 The lower limit of the resistance value of the stray current prevention section shall not be less than 25k2, and the upper limit shall not be greater than 2500kQ. 5.2.7.3 All metals on the water side of the stray current prevention section shall maintain electrical continuity with the hull, and all metals on the shore side shall maintain electrical continuity with the grounding device of the dock, and prevent the external metals on both sides of the stray current prevention section from contacting to avoid short circuit. 5.2.7.4 The protective facilities of the oil terminal shall be insulated from the berthed oil tankers. 5.2.7.5 When using the staircase set up in front of the wharf for personnel to go up and down, an electrical path between the ship and the shore shall not be formed. 5.2.8 Lightning protection
5.2.8.1 The lightning protection design of the buildings and structures of the oil wharf shall comply with the provisions of GB50057 and GB15599. 5.2.8.2 The grounding design of the power equipment of the oil wharf shall comply with the provisions of GBJ65. 5.3 Fire-fighting facilities
5.3.1 The fire-fighting facilities of the oil wharf shall comply with the relevant fire protection design regulations for oil loading and unloading wharfs. 5.4 Safety signs and warning signs
Corresponding safety signs and warning signs shall be set up at appropriate locations of the oil wharf. Reflective safety signs may also be set up according to the location and nature of the signs. Safety signs shall comply with the provisions of GB2894, and warning signs shall comply with relevant regulations. 5.5 Overall, process and engineering design
5.5.1 The overall, process and engineering design of the oil wharf shall comply with the provisions of GB50192 and JTJ211. 5.6 Oil and heat pipelines
5.6.1 The material, diameter and wall thickness of oil and heat pipelines shall be determined according to factors such as the medium, flow rate and pressure. 5.6.2 Pipelines on the ground or in trenches should be laid on pipe piers or racks. Insulated pipelines should be provided with pipe supports. 5.6.3 Compensation and anchoring measures should be adopted for pipelines on the ground or in trenches and for the unearthed ends of buried pipelines. 5.6.4 Crossing
5.6.4.1 When pipelines cross railways and roads, the intersection angle should not be less than 60°, and they should be laid in culverts or casings. The ends of the casings should not extend less than 2.0m from the railway embankment slope and 1.0m from the road shoulder; the top of the casing should not be less than 1.0m from the railway track surface and 0.8m from the road surface.
5.6.4.2 Pipelines in casings should not have connecting welds. 5.6.5 Crossing
5.6.5.1 When a pipeline crosses a railway or road, the clearance height above the track surface shall not be less than 5.5m (for steam and diesel locomotives) or 6.5m (for electric locomotives), and the clearance height above the road surface shall not be less than 5.0m. 5.6.6 Pipelines shall be connected by welding, and flange connections may be used where necessary, but they shall be convenient for safety inspection and maintenance. 5.6.7 The outer surface of steel pipes and their accessories must be coated with an anti-corrosion coating, and buried steel pipes shall also take anti-corrosion insulation or other protective measures; anti-condensation measures shall be taken for pipelines that transport easily condensable oils; a good waterproof layer shall be provided outside the insulation layer of the pipeline; and pressure relief measures shall be taken at appropriate locations for ground oil pipelines that are not vented or insulated.
5.7 Railway oil loading and unloading facilities
5.7.1 Railway oil loading and unloading operation lines shall meet the following requirements: a) The operation line shall be a dead-end type, and the safety distance from the end of its terminal parking space to the car stop is 20m; b) The operation line shall be a straight line;
c) The distance from the center line of the operation line to the road in the oil terminal (except the fire road) shall not be less than 10m. 5.7.2 The bridge deck of the railway oil loading and unloading trestle shall be 3.5m higher than the rail surface; safety railings shall be installed on the trestle; ladders for going up and down the trestle shall be installed at both ends of the trestle and every 60 to 80m along the trestle. 5.7.3 The loading and unloading operation lines for Class A and B oils and the loading and unloading operation lines for Class C oils shall be set separately; when sharing a single operation line and operating at the same time, the distance between the two cranes shall not be less than 24m; when not operating at the same time, the distance between the cranes may not be limited. 5.7.4 The unloading system for railway tank cars from below shall adopt a closed piping system. When filling railway tank cars with Class A and Class B oil from above, a crane pipe inserted into the bottom of the tank car shall be used. 410
GB 16994--1997
5.7.5 The fixed parts of railway oil loading and unloading facilities shall not intrude into the safety limits of railway tank car operation. 5.7.6 The distance between the center lines of two railway oil loading and unloading operation lines between two adjacent oil loading and unloading trestles shall not be less than 10m when both or one of them is used for Class A and Class B oil, and shall not be less than 6m when both are used for loading and unloading Class C oil. 5.8 Loading oil onto trucks (trains, cars) and ships 5.8.1 When loading and unloading Class A and Class B oils, a closed piping system should be used, and the oil filling port must be at the bottom of the tank or tank. Tank filling is prohibited (the oil filling port is at the hatch of the oil tank, and the oil tank filling port is filled from the top into the oil tank or oil tank). 5.9 Oil pump room and oil tank area
5.9.1 The design of the oil pump room and oil tank area shall comply with the provisions of GBJ74 and SY0075. 5.10 Anti-pollution facilities and equipment
5.10.1 The oil terminal shall be equipped with sufficient sewage, residual oil, waste and oil spill, floating oil recovery and treatment facilities and equipment, and anti-pollution facilities and equipment shall be installed in accordance with relevant operating regulations. The selected anti-pollution facilities and equipment shall meet their technical requirements. Oily sewage shall not be discharged directly. It can only be discharged after being treated and meeting the requirements of GB8978. 5.11 Ventilation
5.11.1 The production buildings of the oil terminal should adopt natural ventilation for comprehensive ventilation. When natural ventilation cannot meet the requirements, mechanical ventilation can be used.
5.11.2 Local ventilation measures should be taken in the operation places where harmful substances are concentrated. 411
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