This standard specifies the radiation health protection requirements for ion smoke fire detectors and their production, operation, use, disassembly, cleaning and disposal. This standard applies to practices involving ion smoke fire detectors and their radioactive sources that may cause exposure to personnel, but does not apply to the protection in the production of radioactive sources for ion smoke fire detectors. GB 16365-1996 Ion smoke fire detector radiation health protection standard GB16365-1996 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Radiological protection standards for ionization smoke fire detectors1 Subject content and scope of application
GB 16365—1996
This standard specifies the radiological protection requirements for ionization smoke fire detectors and their production, operation, use, disassembly, cleaning and disposal. This standard applies to practices involving ionization smoke fire detectors and their radioactive sources that may cause exposure to personnel, but does not apply to the protection in the production of radioactive sources for ionization smoke fire detectors. 2 Reference standards
5 Classification of sealed radioactive sources
GB4075
GB4076
General provisions for sealed radioactive sources
GB4792
Basic standards for radiation health protection
GB8703
Radiation protection provisions
GB 11806
Regulations for the safe transportation of radioactive materials
GB16353 Standards for radiation health protection of consumer products containing radioactive materials3 Terminology
3.1 Ionization smoke fire detectorionization smoke fire detectorIonization smoke fire detector uses the principle of smoke particles changing the ionization current in the ionization chamber to realize fire alarm, and contains a radioactive source. It is a type of smoke fire detector, referred to as ionization smoke detector. 4 Product radiation protection requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 The structure of the ionization smoke fire detector should be such that the radioactive source is not easily exposed without special tools. 4.1.2 The external radiation dose equivalent rate at any point 0.1m from the surface of the ion smoke fire detector shall not exceed 1uSv/h. 4.1.3 The radioactive contamination on the surface of the ion smoke fire detector shall not exceed the following limits: α radioactive material: 0.4Bq/cm2;
β radioactive material: 4Bq/cm2.
4.2 Requirements for radioactive sources
4.2.1 The total activity of the 241Am radioactive source in each ion smoke fire detector shall be controlled within the following limits according to its place of use:
For household use: 37kBq×2;
For use in other places: 370kBq×2.
If the radioactive source of ion smoke fire detectors uses other nuclides, they must be approved by the State Technical Supervision Bureau of Radiological Health Protection Evaluation on May 23, 1996 and implemented on December 1, 1996
GB16365-1996
4.2.2 The following contents shall be clearly and firmly marked on the ion smoke fire detector: a. The chemical symbol and activity of the radioactive nuclides used; b. The ionizing radiation symbol.
4.3 Requirements for packaging and instructions
4.3.1 The following contents shall be clearly and firmly marked on any packaging of ion smoke fire detector products: a. The chemical symbol of the radioactive nuclides contained in the product; b. The product batch number, manufacturing date and production unit. 4.3.2 Ion smoke fire detector products must have instructions that include the following: a.
Chemical symbol and activity of the radionuclides contained in the product; name of the production unit and registration number of the radioisotope work permit; c.
Product batch number and date of manufacture;
Precautions for radiation health protection;
Correct disposal methods for discarded products;
f. Product quality inspection certificate number and name of the inspector. 4.4 Other requirements
4.4.1 Before the ion smoke fire detector is put into production, it shall undergo a radiation health protection evaluation. The exposure to the public caused by the product and its radioactive source shall comply with the provisions of GB16353.
4.4.2 Imported ion smoke fire detectors must comply with the requirements specified in Article 4.1 and shall comply with the requirements specified in Articles 4.2 and 4.3. 5.1 The radiation protection in the manufacturing, assembly and disassembly of ion smoke fire detectors shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB4792 and GB8703.
The disassembly and cleaning of ion smoke fire detectors shall be carried out in the workplace with the necessary radiation protection conditions for open radiation workplaces. 5.2 In the manufacturing, assembly and disassembly of ion smoke fire detectors, the storage volume of standby and abandoned radioactive sources, semi-finished and finished ion smoke fire detectors containing radioactive sources shall not exceed the maximum daily equivalent operation volume specified by the health authority for open workplaces. 5.3 Units engaged in the manufacturing, assembly and disassembly of ion smoke fire detectors must establish and improve the collection, payment, storage and accounting system for standby and abandoned radioactive sources, semi-finished and finished ion smoke fire detectors containing radioactive sources. 5.4 In the manufacturing, assembly and disassembly of ion smoke fire detectors, a system of safe operation, external radiation dose monitoring and surface contamination monitoring shall be established and improved.
6 Protection requirements for storage, transportation, installation, maintenance and sales 6.1 Units engaged in the storage, transportation, installation, maintenance or sales of ion smoke fire detectors shall be approved by the health authorities; if their operations reach the national radiation work level, they must have the basic conditions for engaging in such radiation work and hold a radioactive isotope work permit registration certificate.
6.2 The transportation of ion smoke fire detectors shall comply with the provisions of GB11806. 6.3 The storage of ion smoke fire detectors shall meet the requirements of GB4792 and GB8703, and establish and improve the collection, payment, custody and accounting system of ion smoke fire detectors. 7 Protection requirements for use
7.1 Units and individuals using ion smoke fire detectors shall not dismantle, replace, clean or arbitrarily discard ion smoke fire detectors.
7.2 Units and individuals using ion smoke fire detectors shall promptly return the discarded ion smoke fire detectors to the product production unit, import unit or their entrusted recycling unit according to the product purchase channel. 162
GB16365-1996
7.3 The user of ion smoke fire detectors shall file with the health authority and designate a person to be responsible for the purchase acceptance, custody and storage of ion smoke fire detectors; keep accounts recording the use, standby and discarded ion smoke fire detectors and ion smoke fire detector installation location maps and conduct regular inspections to prevent loss; once the ion smoke fire detector is found to be lost or stolen, it shall be reported to the health authority in a timely manner.
8 Product protection inspection rules
8.1 Type inspection
8.1.1 The production of ion smoke fire detectors must be subject to type inspection in any of the following situations: a.
Before the new product is put into production;
Before continuous production for two years;
Before the next production after an interval of more than one year;bzxz.net
Before the product with major changes in design process or materials is put into production; d.
When the health administrative department at or above the provincial level deems it necessary. 8.1.2 The items for product type inspection of ion smoke fire detectors refer to the product radiation protection requirements specified in Chapter 4, other product standards for ion smoke fire detectors, and the radiation protection performance requirements specified in the product standards for ion smoke fire detector radioactive sources.
8.2 Pre-sale product inspection
8-2.1 Whether the ion smoke fire detector products meet the radiation health protection performance requirements shall be inspected by the product manufacturer, and unqualified products shall not be shipped.
8.2.2 Whether the radioactive source used in the ion smoke fire detector meets the radiation health protection performance requirements shall be inspected by the radioactive source manufacturer, and the ion smoke fire detector manufacturer shall review the radioactive source inspection certificate and conduct surface contamination inspection and leakage inspection on the radioactive source. For the inspection methods, please refer to any of the methods listed in Chapter A1 and Chapter A2 in Appendix A (Supplement). Unqualified radioactive sources shall not be used in the production of ion smoke fire detectors. 8.2.3 Before each batch of ion smoke fire detectors leaves the factory, the production unit and the import and operation unit must implement a quality sampling inspection of the radiation health protection performance in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 4. 8.3 The production and operation units of ion smoke fire detectors and their competent departments shall strengthen protection management to ensure that ion smoke fire detector products comply with the provisions of this standard and pass the necessary inspections. 8.4 Provincial and above health administrative departments have the right to monitor and conduct random inspections on the radiation health protection performance of ion smoke detectors. 163
GB16365--1996
Appendix A
Test method for surface contamination and leakage of radioactive sources of ion smoke fire detectors! (Supplement)
A1 Surface contamination test method
A1.1 Wet wiping method
Use a highly hygroscopic soft material (such as filter paper, cotton) and dip it in a liquid that does not corrode the surface material of the radioactive source but can remove radioactive contamination. 2 Wipe the entire surface of the radioactive source. Measure the radioactivity of the wiped material. If it is less than 185Bq, the surface of the radioactive source can be considered to be uncontaminated. Note: 1) This test method refers to the provisions of GB4076 and GB4075. 2) Such as water or low-concentration detergents and chelating agents. A1.2 Immersion method
Immerse the radioactive source in a liquid that does not corrode the surface material of the radioactive source but can remove radioactive contamination, keep it at 50±5℃ for 4h, take out the radioactive source, and measure the radioactivity of the liquid. If it is less than 185Bq, the surface of the radioactive source can be considered to be uncontaminated. A2 Leakage test method
A2.1 Wet wiping method
If the wet wiping method shows no surface contamination, the radioactive source can be considered to have no leakage; if the wet wiping method shows surface contamination, the radioactive source should be decontaminated and tested again after 7 days. If the activity of the radioactive source is still less than 185Bq, the radioactive source can be considered to have no leakage.
A2.2 Immersion method
If the immersion method shows no surface contamination, the radioactive source can be considered to have no leakage; if the immersion method shows surface contamination, the radioactive source should be decontaminated and tested again after 7 days. If the activity of the radioactive source is still less than 185Bq, the radioactive source can be considered to have no leakage. A2.3 Dry wiping method
Place the radioactive source in an ultrasonic cleaner and clean it with a non-corrosive liquid such as trichloroethylene or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 10 minutes, rinse with water and then with acetone, and place it until dry. Wipe the surface of the radioactive source with soft materials (such as filter paper, cotton) and measure the radioactivity of the wiped material. If it is less than 185Bq, wipe the surface of the radioactive source again after 7 days and measure the radioactivity of the wiped material. If it is still less than 185Bq, the radioactive source can be considered to have no leakage.
Additional Notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Labor Health and Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Health and Epidemic Prevention Station and the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health. The main drafters of this standard are Zha Yongru, Fan Baosheng, Zhou Shunyuan, Zhou Xiaoya and Wu Baode. This standard is interpreted by the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health, the technical unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health. 164
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