Some standard content:
(GB168851997
Brucellosis Monitoring Standard
my country has made great achievements in the prevention and control of brucellosis (abbreviated as brucellosis). However, the sources of brucellosis are still widespread: in order to consolidate and develop the prevention and control results, and ultimately to comprehensively control brucellosis in humans and animals, it is necessary to do a good job in brucellosis epidemic monitoring. This standard is specially formulated to provide a scientific basis for epidemic prediction and formulation of prevention and control measures through monitoring brucellosis, mastering the epidemic situation, evaluating the control effect, and providing a scientific basis for epidemic prediction and forecasting and formulating prevention and control measures.
In the process of developing this standard, my country's theoretical research results and on-site practical experience in brucellosis monitoring were fully utilized to express them in the relevant parts.
This standard shall replace the "Trial Plan for National Monitoring Points for Brucellosis Monitoring 1990" from the date of its entry into force. Appendix A and Appendix B of the standard are both appendices to the standard. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The drafting units of this standard: National Plague and Brucellosis Control Base, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, China Veterinary Drug Supervision Institute, Liaoning Institute of Endemic Disease Control. Drafters of this standard: Zhang Shiyi, Shang Deqiu, Wu Fulin, Shu Guangya, Zhao Yongli. This standard is interpreted by the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, the technical coordination unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health. 1 Scope
This standard specifies the content and methods of brucellosis (hereinafter referred to as brucellosis) epidemic monitoring. This standard applies to all types of brucellosis epidemic areas.
2 Cited standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. The version indicated at the time of publication of this standard All standards are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards.
GB15988-1995 Brucellosis diagnostic criteria and treatment principles Brucellosis prevention and control manual 1989 Ministry of Health Local Disease Control Department, Ministry of Agriculture Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Brucellosis
An infectious and allergic disease caused by Brucella that is common to humans and animals. 3.2 Surveillance for Brucellosis Planned, systematic and long-term observation of the occurrence, prevalence and influencing factors of brucellosis between humans and animals. 3.3 Primary screening test prim aryectiontestUse bengal red plate agglutination test or plate agglutination test to perform serological examination on the serum of the subject. 3.4 Formal testformaltest
Use tube agglutination test and complement fixation test to perform serological confirmation test on the serum of the subject. 3.5 Fixed surveillance countyfixedsurveillancecountyThe brucellosis epidemic surveillance work remains stable and is monitored continuously for at least 3 to 5 years. 4 Selection of monitoring points
The state and provinces (cities, regions) select cities (prefectures, states, leagues) with many brucellosis epidemics and outbreaks or epidemics in recent years as brucellosis monitoring points based on the brucellosis epidemic situation, epidemic strains, natural host species distribution, geographical environment, climate..com conditions, technical strength and work basis in various places. Select 1 or 2 counties (cities, banners) as fixed monitoring counties (banners) in the monitoring points, and several counties as non-fixed monitoring counties. Fixed monitoring counties should remain stable. After at least 3 to 5 years of continuous monitoring, local governments can adjust fixed monitoring counties and non-fixed monitoring counties according to actual conditions. 5 Monitoring content
5.1 General situation survey
5.1.1 Population data
Total number of households, total population (male and female), total labor force (male and female), age composition and occupational grouping by gender. 5.1.2 Geographical, meteorological and other natural data and the nature of monitoring points (agricultural, pastoral or semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas). Residents' living conditions
Residents' hygiene habits, degree of knowledge on brucellosis prevention and control, personal protection of occupational groups against brucellosis, etc. 5.1.4 Overview of animal husbandry
Livestock types, feeding quantity, feeding methods, management methods, breeding methods, birthing season, birthing number, number of abortions, abortion product treatment methods, livestock house equipment and hygiene conditions, common diseases and epidemics, the relationship between livestock and residents' water sources, and water source pollution.
5.2 Retrospective survey
Only required to be conducted in the first year of monitoring. 5.2.1 Medical history tracing: the time, place, number of epidemics or outbreaks, scope, degree of harm when brucellosis was first discovered, as well as the social factors, natural factors and prevention and control measures that caused the epidemic of brucellosis. 5.2.2 Human epidemic situation: infection rate, incidence rate, number of patients and incidence rate over the years; number of latent infections and latent infection rate; number of missed detection and missed reporting and missed reporting rate: number of pathogen isolation and identification results 5.2.3 Animal epidemic situation: infection rate and abortion rate over the years; number of pathogen isolation and isolation rate, epidemic bacterial type and virulence identification results; types of animals infected with brucellosis hosts, etc. 5.2.4 Prevention and control of brucellosis in humans and animals
5.2.4.1 Immunization: the year of starting immunization, number of immunizations and immunization density over the years: types of vaccine used and immunization doses: immunization methods and routes; seroconversion rate after immunization, etc. 5.2.4.2 Quarantine: The number of quarantined livestock over the years, the number of positive livestock, the positive rate, the number of culls, and the number of quarantined livestock. 5.3 Monitoring objects
5.31 Human monitoring objects: Human monitoring objects mainly focus on people engaged in animal husbandry, livestock breeding, slaughtering, leather, hand, milk, meat and other livestock products acquisition, processing and sales, as well as animal husbandry and veterinary medicine and occupational groups that have close contact with animals. Epidemiological surveys are conducted on people aged 7 to 60.
5.3.2 Animal monitoring objects: Animal quarantine objects mainly focus on adult sheep, cattle, and pigs, especially breeding livestock: followed by dogs, deer, camels, and equines, including grazing, penned, market trading, and slaughtered animals, and wild animals when conditions permit. 5.4 Monitoring scope and quantity
5.4.1 Monitoring scope: In agricultural areas, select 4 or 5 townships (towns, farms) in the fixed monitoring counties (cities, banners); in pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, select 3 townships (towns, farms) with light, moderate and severe epidemics in the fixed monitoring counties as fixed points for continuous investigation for 3 to 5 years. Other townships (towns, farms) are non-fixed points, and 1/3 of them are randomly selected for inspection in turn every year. 5.4.2 Monitoring quantity
5.4.2.1 Epidemiological surveys and serological examinations a) Humans: Epidemiological surveys and serological examinations should be mainly conducted in the locations where livestock are sampled. 1) Number of epidemiological surveys:
In agricultural areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, the number of people in the first basic survey in each fixed monitoring county should be no less than 2,000, and from the second year onwards, it should be no less than 1,000.
In pastoral areas, the number of people surveyed in each fixed monitoring county for the first time should be no less than 1,000, and from the second year onwards, it should be no less than 500..com people.
2) Number of serological examinations:
In agricultural and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, 400 people will be tested in each fixed monitoring county in the first year, and 200 people each year thereafter. In pastoral areas, 400 people will be tested in each fixed monitoring county in the first year, and 200 people each year thereafter. b) Among livestock: According to the different prevalent strains of brucellosis in the epidemic area, the types of livestock to be tested may vary: State-owned, collective and individually raised livestock should account for a certain proportion of the number of livestock to be tested, and all newly introduced livestock should be retested: In fixed monitoring townships (towns, farms), livestock sampling should be carried out according to the number of livestock sampling ratios required for each type of livestock, and the sampling village (village) or livestock group should be determined by the random principle, and the sampling area should account for more than 1/3 of the number of villages (villages) or groups. 1) Monitoring counties mainly for brucellosis in sheep and cattle
Mei, and monitoring counties with a large number of sheep and cattle shall conduct random inspections according to the following requirements: In fixed monitoring townships (towns, farms): In fixed monitoring townships (towns, farms) in agricultural areas, the inspection rate of sheep and cattle is required to reach more than 10% of the number of adult sheep and cattle; the inspection rate in pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas must be more than 2% of the number of adult sheep and cattle. In the 1/3 non-fixed monitoring townships (towns, farms) that are randomly inspected each year: each township (town, farm) in agricultural areas shall at least inspect more than 2% of the number of adult sheep and cattle; each township (town, farm) in pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas shall at least inspect more than 1% of the number of adult sheep and cattle. Monitoring counties with a small number of sheep and cattle: a total of more than 2,000 sheep and cattle shall be inspected each year, and the proportion shall be calculated based on the ratio of the number of sheep and cattle on hand.
2) Counties where brucellosis is the main focus
In the fixed monitoring townships (towns, farms), all boars shall be inspected, and more than 20% of the sows shall be inspected; in other townships (towns, farms), more than 50% of the boars shall be inspected, and more than 10% of the sows shall be inspected. 5.4.2.2 Pathogen Isolation
a) Humans: Blood or other materials shall be collected for suspected acute and chronic active brucellosis patients for pathogen isolation when necessary. b) Animals: The main materials are aborted fetuses, placentas, vaginal secretions within one week of abortion, and positive animal viscera. If the quantity is insufficient, normal placentas, vaginal secretions within one week after delivery, semen of breeding boars, or spleens of slaughtered animals can be collected as supplements. The number of isolations shall be at least 50 per year in fixed monitoring counties in agricultural areas: at least 100 per year in fixed monitoring counties in pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. The number of inspections should be increased when necessary.
6 Monitoring methods
6.1 Epidemiological survey
6.1.1 Humans First, investigate the number of people in various occupations. According to the ratio of the number of people in various occupations and the number of people to be investigated according to the monitoring requirements, determine the number of people in various occupations to be investigated. Conduct serological examinations or blood sampling to isolate brucellosis bacteria for some people who have suspected clinical symptoms and signs of brucellosis or have close contact with livestock and livestock products. For those who are serologically positive, a file should be established, and inquire about the vaccination history, contact history, medical history and further detailed physical examination to determine whether they are infected or have fallen ill (using Table B5 in Appendix B). 6.1.2 Animals Focus on investigating the types and numbers of livestock, the number of inputs and outputs, the history of brucellosis, the number of positive sick animals, the infection rate, the number of abortions in female livestock, the abortion rate, the number of empty foetuses, the empty foetus rate and the prevalent bacterial types (using Tables B3, B4, B9 and B14 in Appendix B).
6.2 Serological examination
6.2.1 All human blood samples are subjected to plate agglutination test or bengal plate agglutination test, tube agglutination test, and Coomb's test and complement fixation test when necessary. The method is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB15988 (using Table B6, Table B10 and Table B11 in Appendix B).
6.2.2 Serological examination of livestock, using bengal plate agglutination test or plate agglutination test as the initial screening test. Formal test using tube agglutination test or complement fixation test, the method is the same as above. Serological examination of livestock should be carried out once a year, and the time should be concentrated as much as possible within one month after the livestock's delivery period. In epidemic areas with swine brucellosis as the main disease and provinces (regions) with higher temperatures, the specific time can be arranged according to local conditions. Livestock vaccinated with the vaccine should undergo serological examination after 18 months (using Table B and Table B7 in Appendix B).
6.3 Pathogen Isolation
6.3.1 For patients with acute and chronic active brucellosis, blood or other materials should be collected immediately for pathogen isolation and culture. The method should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the "Brucellosis Prevention and Control Manual" (using Table B6 in Appendix B). 6.3.2 For serologically positive breeding males, aborted females, etc., semen, aborted fetuses, placentas, vaginal secretions or spleens of slaughtered animals should be collected for pathogen isolation and culture. The method should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the "Brucellosis Prevention and Control Manual" (using Tables B2 and B8 in Appendix B).
Appendix A
(Standard Appendix)
Special Monitoring
A1 Monitoring of outbreaks or occurrences of brucellosis between humans and animals Whenever an outbreak of brucellosis between humans and animals occurs in the monitored county (city, banner), or when new patients or sick animals are found, the health and animal husbandry and veterinary departments shall organize technical forces to find out the time, scope, cause and characteristics of the outbreak or epidemic, as well as the infection rate, morbidity, abortion rate, epidemic strains and degree of harm of humans and animals at the outbreak or epidemic site. Timely measures shall be taken, proper treatment shall be given, and the spread shall be controlled. Townships (townships, farms) or villages (sub-farms) where outbreaks or human and animal brucellosis occur shall be listed as monitoring points, and monitoring shall be carried out for at least three consecutive years.
A2 Brucellosis Epidemic Monitoring in Livestock Markets
All kinds of livestock sold in large livestock markets within the monitoring point range, especially brucellosis host animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep, camels, and equine animals, should be regularly quarantined for brucellosis, and at least 50 cattle, sheep, and pigs should be sampled every six months to monitor the epidemic. When serologically positive animals are found, the name, address, and source of the animal should be registered. If necessary, professional personnel should be organized to conduct epidemiological surveys of brucellosis between humans and animals at the location. A3 Brucellosis Epidemic Monitoring in Fur, Dairy, and Meat Processing Enterprises Serological examinations should be conducted on personnel engaged in the purchase, processing, and sale of fur, milk, and meat of cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, deer, etc. in the monitoring counties. Each county should conduct serological examinations on at least 50% of the total number of such employees every year (using Table B6 in Appendix B). A4 Brucellosis epidemic monitoring of slaughtered livestock
In fixed monitoring counties, local livestock slaughtered in counties, townships, towns, and farms shall be quarantined for brucellosis, and at least 100 pigs, cattle, and sheep shall be tested annually. If serologically positive livestock are found, the place of origin shall be identified as much as possible, and technical personnel shall be organized to conduct brucellosis epidemiological surveys in the local area (using Table B1 in Appendix B). A5 Investigation of the relationship between dog infection and infection of the main host animals of brucellosis In fixed monitoring counties, in villages (towns) where Brucella infection of sheep, cattle, pigs, and deer is found, 10 to 20 blood samples of dogs shall be collected for serological examination, and the infection rates of dogs, sheep, cattle, pigs, and deer shall be compared (using Table B13 in Appendix B). A6 Monitoring of prevention and control effects
In fixed monitoring counties, townships (towns, farms) where brucellosis outbreaks occur and brucellosis epidemics occur between humans and animals shall record in detail the implementation of various prevention and control measures and observe the effectiveness of the prevention and control measures taken. If animal immunization is used, the type of vaccine, immunization method, immunization route, immunization rate, and serological positive conversion rate after immunization should be recorded; if quarantine, immunization, and killing of sick animals are used, the quarantine rate, infection rate, number of sick animals, and number of killed animals should also be counted. The brucellosis epidemic situation between humans and animals should be continuously investigated every year (using Table B12 in Appendix B). Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Survey and Registration Statistics
Table B1 Registration Form for Serological Examination of Brucellosis in Livestock (Town)
Village (Sub-farm)
Province (Zilu District)
Registration Form for Bacterial Examination of Brucellosis in Livestock
Zhi (Autonomous Region)
Duo (Chang Town)
Village (Sub-list)
Puzhu Surnames
Table B3 Files of Brucellosis-sick Livestock
County (City, Banner, District)
Hu Hongbin Complete||tt ||County (city, banner, district)
Test time
Complement
Plate matching test
Test tube matching test
0.080.040.020.011+251:501:1001:2001+4001:5-10Tester
In vivo band examination
Bacteria discharge examination
Separated materials
Mammary gland
Owner's name
Purchase time
Birth record||tt ||Delivery situation
High-grade characteristics
and contact history
Main symptoms
and physical examination
Examination items and frequency
Beluga plate test
Plate test
Laboratory examination results
Test tube test
Complement matching test
Nuclear density
Nursing infants
Vaccination history
Viral examination
Conclusion and suggestions
Fill in Table;
Harm (from the inspection area)
County (city station, district)
Fill in time:
Table B4 Sheep, cattle, pigs, deer, dogs inventory, input and output registration form (from Xiongyi)
Multiple (according to the mirror)
Village (branch farm)
People's version compiled
Sweet time (year, month)
Years inventory
Bi City District)
(grams)
Buy (pieces) Feeling address
Gui: "Which kind of" sheep and meat·Write out cotton sheep respectively. Sheep, dairy sheep, yellow cattle, dairy cows, buffalo, hairy cattle, will be spotted deer, horse fried, cream, large form B5
Human brucellosis investigation registration form
Production and stock
(grams)
Form filler:
Step (farm, town)
Village (branch farm)
Province (white area)
Control and investigation number
Form B6 Human brucellosis laboratory examination registration form Province (Zibo Medical)
Inspection certificate and inspection
Multiple (farm circulation) (branch farm)
No. No.
Sex and year
County (city, military district)
Vaccination history
Sexual symptoms and signs
County (city, district)
Flat plate mouse test
0.080.040.02
Table B7 Statistics of serological examination of brucellosis in livestock Province (autonomous region)
Multiple (farm, town)
Village (branch farm)
Acid detection time
Tube agglutination test
Gwen,
Symptom time
Coomb's test
Vaccination history
0.011:251+501:1001:2001:4001:1001:2001:4001:800 Inspection time
Inspector:
Complement fixation test
10101-20
Inspector:
County (city, Teng District)
(Hujiang) Flat plate Yanjiwu test
Inspection number
Positive number
Note: Sheep, goats, dairy sheep, cattle, buffalo, cattle, plum blossom title, red deer, pigs are counted separately, Table B8 Livestock Brucella bacteria inspection statistics table
Positive rate, head
Inspection number
Test tube Haoji test||t t||Number of positives
Positive rate, %
Number of examinations
Complementary
Form filler:
Step (Rui, Town》
Senior (Sub-farm)
Province, Region】
Sub-substance
Out of the preceding paragraph
Table B9 Statistical table of conception and farrowing of livestock Province (Autonomous Region》
Breeding method
Multi (farm, tank)
Village (Sub-farm)
Out of supervision number
Performance fetus
Total number of examinations||tt| |Number of bacteria
Normal mortality
County (city, banner)
Breeding
: Sheep, goats, dairy sheep, cattle, dairy cows, buffalo, spotted cattle, sika deer, red deer, pigs are burned separately Table B10 Human brucellosis serological examination and incidence statistics table Province (Chunzhi District)
School (farm, town)
Table B11
Village (branch farm)
Inspection time
Total population
County (city, road, district)
Number of people to be inspected
People in different occupations Infection and morbidity survey statistics table
Plate collection test
Number of examinations
Number of outflows
Tube agglutination test
Number of positives
Number of examinations
Number of positives
Manba test
Number of outflowsWww.bzxZ.net
Manba test
Number of examinations
Number of use
Table:
Number of outflows
Travel
Vertebral construction||t t||Number of bacteria
Form filler:
Form filler
Complement fixation test
Number of tests
Number of graph
Multiple (farm. shop)
Village (branch farm)
Table B12
Multiple (farm, sales)
Province (autonomous region)
Rich product purchase
Grain, sauce and flour
County (city, road district)
Statistical table of measures for the prevention and control of brucellosis among livestock and their effects Province (autonomous region)
Immunization among livestock
Village (points)
take sowing
yao years
stock should be exempted
milk and meat processing and sales degree wool processing
county (city, district)
animal quarantine
positive conversion rate
immunization number
in the "remarks", write the family of immunization bacteria, immunization dose, immunization method, immunization experience, people, high-level inspection results, all fill in the reading tube report collection test data, 2
table B13
multiple (market. town)
statistical table of the relationship between brucellosis epidemics among various animals province (Direct area)
Village (branch farm)
Time (year)
Number of blood collection
Number of use
Form filler:
Internal bacteria inspection
Insertion cases
Number of isolated diseases
Number of shoulder events
Number of stable epidemic prevention
County (city, road, district)
Number of control inspections
Number of tearing out
Number of grain inspections
Incidence rate
Number of inspections with bacteriaNumber of positive testsNumber of cases with bacteriaForm filler:
Number of olive sharks
Number of bacteria Number
Number of children
Number of positive implants
Number of implants
Form filler:
Number of exits
(1/100,000)
Number of inspections
Table B14 Statistics of sheep, cattle, pigs and deer stocks, input and output Province (autonomous region)
Management (town, oyster)
Village (branch)
County (city)
Guangxi, "Gaozhong" cakes are respectively written with sheep, goats, dairy goats, cattle, dairy cows: poisonous flower bowls, sloppy: pigs, introduced
Form filler:
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