Some standard content:
Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China Standard JB3301-83
Terms of Truck Cranes and Tire Cranes
Published on June 18, 1983
Implemented on January 1, 1984
Approved by the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China Standard of Truck Cranes and Tire Cranes
This standard applies to truck cranes and tire cranes. 1 Model
1.1 Classification by chassis type
1.1.1 Truck crane
JB301-83
Crane with the lifting operation part installed on a general or special automobile chassis. It has the driving performance of a load-carrying truck (see Figures 1 and 3). o
1.1.2 Tire crane
Crane with the lifting operation part installed on a special tire chassis. Its travel speed is generally lower than that of a truck crane, and it can be used for lifting operations without outriggers, and can travel with limited loads on flat roads (see Figures 2 and 4). o
1.2 Classification by boom type
1.2.1 Box-type boom truck (tire) crane Truck (tire) crane that uses a box-type boom for lifting operations (see Figures 1 and 2). 1.2.2 Lattice boom truck (tire) crane Truck (tire) crane that uses a truss boom for lifting operations (see Figures 3 and 4). Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China Issued on June 18, 1983 Implemented on January 1, 1984
1.3 Classification by transmission type
1.3.1 Mechanical truck (tire) crane JB3301
All or most of the lifting operations are mechanically driven truck (tire) cranes. 1.3.2 Hydraulic truck (tire) cranes are truck (tire) cranes with hydraulic transmission for all or most of the lifting operations. 1.3.3 Electric truck (tire) cranes are truck (tire) cranes with electric transmission. 1.4 According to the scope of use
1.4.1 General truck cranes
Truck cranes used for general construction installation and material loading and unloading, and their working places are not fixed. 1.4.2 Special purpose truck cranes
In addition to the lifting operation performance, truck cranes are also equipped with other facilities for special operations or have special performances. Such as engineering rescue vehicles, off-road truck cranes, etc.
1.4.3 General tire cranes
Tire cranes used in relatively fixed places such as ports, stations, freight yards, construction sites, etc. for material loading and unloading, transportation and construction installation.
1.4.4 Off-road tire cranes
Tire cranes with off-road performance and suitable for field driving and operation. 2 Parameters
2.1 Performance parameters
2.1.1 Lifting capacity
Tools. Lifting capacity: the weight of the hoisted object. 2
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b. Total lifting capacity: the sum of the weight of the hoisted object and the weight of the object-retrieving device. c. Rated total lifting capacity: the maximum total lifting capacity allowed by the crane under various working conditions and specified conditions of use. d. Maximum rated total lifting capacity: the rated total lifting capacity of the crane with the basic arm at the minimum rated amplitude and the outriggers for lifting, which is used as the nominal lifting capacity of the crane
e: Total lifting capacity in stable critical state: the total lifting capacity of the crane in stable critical state. 2.1.2 Amplitude (see Figure 5)
Slewing (
Amplitude: The horizontal distance from the vertical line of the slewing center to the vertical line of the lifting hook center when the lifting hook is empty. a.www.bzxz.net
Working range: The horizontal distance from the vertical line of the slewing center of the crane to the vertical line of the lifting hook center during lifting operation. Minimum working range: The working range when the boom is at the maximum allowable elevation angle. d.
Rated range: The maximum working range allowed for a certain rated total lifting weight. e.
Minimum rated range: The working range at the maximum rated total lifting weight. 2.1.3 Lifting torque
The product of the total lifting weight and the corresponding working range. 2.1.4 Lifting range
The vertical moving distance of the lifting device upward and downward ( See Figure 5). Lifting height: the distance from the center of the hook mouth to the supporting ground when the lifting hook is lifted to the highest position. a.
b. Lowering depth: the distance from the supporting ground to the center of the hook mouth when the lifting hook is lowered below the supporting ground. Total lifting height: the sum of the lifting height and the lowering depth. .
Basic arm lifting height; when the basic arm is at the maximum allowable elevation angle, the lifting hook is raised to the highest position, and the distance from the center of the hook mouth to the supporting d.
ground.
Longest main arm lifting height: when the longest main arm is at the maximum allowable elevation angle, the lifting hook is raised to the highest position, and the distance from the center of the hook mouth to the e.
supporting ground.
2.1.5 Micro-motion performance
Effects of each working machine hook of the crane The performance of moving at a stable minimum speed. 2.1.6 Ratio
The ratio of the number of load-bearing wire ropes of the movable pulley block to the number of wire ropes on the pulley drum. 2.1.7 Lifting speed
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The vertical displacement speed of the hoisted object during stable movement. a.
Single wire rope speed: The speed of the first layer of wire rope at the calculated diameter of the drum at the rated speed of the power unit. Rated single wire rope speed: The speed of the first layer of wire rope at the maximum speed of the drum when the maximum rated total lifting weight is lifted. Lifting (lowering) speed of the lifting hook: The value obtained by dividing the single wire rope speed of the wire rope by the lifting pulley block ratio. d.
Rated lifting (lowering) speed of the lifting hook: Rated single wire rope speed The value obtained by dividing the speed of the lifting pulley block by the ratio of the lifting pulley block. Power descent speed: The value obtained by dividing the speed of the single wire rope by the ratio when the power is lowered. e.
2.1.8 Luffing time
The time taken for the amplitude to change from the maximum (minimum) to the minimum (maximum) when the amplitude is changed. 2.1.9 Rated slewing speed
The maximum slewing speed of the upper vehicle under full load. 2.1.10 Maximum slewing speed
The slewing speed that the upper vehicle can reach when the basic arm is at the maximum elevation angle under no-load condition. 2.1.11 Boom extension (retraction) time
When the boom is at the maximum elevation angle under no-load condition, the time taken to move from the fully retracted (fully extended) state to the fully extended (fully retracted) state using the maximum extension (retraction) speed. 2.1,12 Boom extension (retraction) speed
The speed at which the head of the boom moves along the longitudinal direction of the boom when the boom is extended (retracted). 2.1.13 Outrigger retraction (release) time
The time taken for the outrigger to move from the fully extended (fully folded) state to the fully retracted (fully folded) state. 2.1.14 Lifting characteristic curve
The curve representing the crane's operating performance (see Figure 6). 14
Lifting height (m)
Working range
(range) (m)
Total lifting weight
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a. Lifting weight characteristic curve: In a rectangular coordinate system with total lifting weight and working range as coordinate axes, the curve is drawn with the rated total lifting weight at different working ranges at a certain arm length as coordinate points (see Figure 6a). b. Lifting height characteristic curve: In a rectangular coordinate system with lifting height and range as coordinate axes, the curve is drawn with the empty hook lifting height at different ranges at a certain arm length as coordinate points (see Figure 6b). 2.2 Driving parameters
2.2.1 Driving speed
Speed in driving state.
a. Maximum driving speed: The maximum speed of a crane in transfer driving state on a hard and straight road surface. b. Hoisting driving speed: The speed that a crane can reach when it is in hoisting driving state, lifting the rated total lifting weight and driving steadily on a hard and straight road surface.
2.2.2 Maximum climbing grade
Ratio of driving
The maximum slope that a crane in driving state can pass on a specified slope with the lowest driving grade. Determined by! -. h is the height difference between two points on the specified road surface with a length equal to the wheelbase B, and B is the wheelbase of the crane (see Figure 7). Figure 7
2.2.3 Maximum stable tilt angle
The maximum angle of left and right tilt allowed for the entire body of a crane in a stable driving state. 2.2.4 Turning diameter
The diameter of the trajectory circle of the contact point between the center plane of the inner and outer steering wheels (steering gear turned to the extreme position) and the supporting ground. 2.2.5 Turning radius
Minimum turning radius: When the crane is turning, the steering gear is in the extreme position, and the distance from the trajectory of the contact point between the center plane of the front outer steering wheel and the supporting ground to the steering center (see Figure 8). b. Minimum turning radius of the boom head: When the crane is turning with the minimum turning radius, the distance from the projection point of the outer edge of the boom head on the supporting ground to the steering center (see Figure 8). Rotation center
0 Steering center
R,- Minimum turning radius, R - Minimum turning radius of boom, R - Tail turning radius 2.2.6 Minimum ground clearance
The distance from the lowest point of the rigid component fixed to the lower part of the chassis to the supporting ground, except for the tires in contact with the supporting ground (see Figure 9). 2.3 Weight parameters
2.3.1 Dead weight
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a. Self-weight when unloaded: The sum of the weight of all parts, tools, spare parts and working oil added as required under the slewing bearing (excluding the following parts of the slewing bearing).
b. Self-weight when traveling: The sum of the weight of the crane, tools, spare parts, passengers and working oil added as required when in traveling state.
c. Self-weight when operating: The sum of the weight of the crane in operating state, equipped with complete working devices, tools, spare parts, counterweights, passengers and working oil added as required. 2.3.2 Weight utilization factor
The lifting performance parameter of the crane per unit self-weight. That is, the ratio of the product of the lifting torque and the lifting height when lifting the maximum rated total lifting weight to the self-weight of the whole machine in the operating state. 2.3.3 Axle load || tt||The load distributed on the chassis axle by the deadweight of the whole machine. a. Axle load when traveling at a constant speed: When the crane is traveling at a constant speed, the load distributed on the chassis axle by the deadweight of the crane in the traveling state. b.
Driving on a slope: Axle load when accelerating or braking: The axle load value of the front axle or rear axle when traveling on a slope, accelerating or braking.
. Axle load during lifting operation: When the crane is lifting without using outriggers, the load distributed on the chassis axle by the sum of the deadweight of the whole machine and the lifting weight.
d. Axle load during hoisting travel: When the crane is in the hoisting travel state, the load distributed on the chassis axle by the sum of the deadweight of the whole machine and the lifting weight.
2.3.4 Maximum tire load
When the crane is in operation or driving state , the maximum load transmitted to the road surface by the tire. 2.3.5 Maximum pressure on the outriggers
The maximum normal reaction force borne by the outriggers when the crane lowers the outriggers for lifting operations. 2.4 Dimensional parameters
2.4.1 Overall dimensions
L—full length of the whole machine, Hs—full height of the whole machine, B—full width of the whole machine; L. —full length of the lower vehicle; L—wheelbase, L'—first wheelbase, L\—second wheelbase, L\—third wheelbase, B,, Bz—wheelbase, h—minimum ground clearance a. Full length of the whole machine: The distance between the two vertical planes of the fully equipped crane, which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the whole machine and respectively attached to the outermost protruding parts of the front and rear ends of the whole machine (see Figure 9). b. Full width of the whole machine: The distance between the two vertical planes of the fully equipped crane, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the whole machine and respectively The distance between the two vertical planes that are attached to the fixed protruding parts on both sides of the whole machine (see Figure 9). c. Overall height of the whole machine: The distance between the supporting ground and the horizontal plane that is attached to the highest protruding part of the whole machine for a fully equipped crane (see Figure 9).
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Overall length in driving state: The overall length of the whole machine when the crane is in driving state. Overall width in driving state: The overall width of the whole machine when the crane is in driving state. f.
Overall height in driving state: The overall height of the crane when it is in driving state. g.
Overall length of the lowering vehicle: The maximum horizontal length of the lowering vehicle (see Figure 9). h.
Overall width of the lowering vehicle: The maximum horizontal width of the lowering vehicle. i.
Overall height of the lowering vehicle: The vertical distance from the highest point of the lowering vehicle to the supporting ground. 2.4.2 Wheelbase
The distance between the center lines of the wheel tracks left by the tires of the left and right wheels on the same axle on the supporting ground (see Figure 9). 2.4.3 Wheelbase
The distance between two planes that pass through the center of the front and rear wheels of the crane and are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the crane (see Figure 9). For a three-axle crane, the distance between the front axle and the middle axle is called the first wheelbase, and the distance between the middle axle and the rear axle is called the second wheelbase. Similarly, a multi-axle chassis also has a third wheelbase, a fourth wheelbase, etc. The total wheelbase is the sum of all wheelbases. For a double-axle or double front and rear axle chassis, the wheelbase refers to the distance between the geometric center lines of the front two axles or multiple axles and the geometric center lines of the rear two axles or multiple axles.
2.4.4 Outrigger distance
. Outrigger longitudinal distance: The distance between two vertical planes that pass through the center of the front and rear outrigger seats on the same side and are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the crane when the outriggers are in full extension (see Figure 10). b. Horizontal distance of outriggers: The distance between the centers of the left and right outriggers on a vertical plane passing through the center of the front (rear) outrigger and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the crane when the crane is parked on a horizontal road surface and the outriggers are fully extended (see Figure 10). c. Tail slewing radius: The maximum distance from the vertical line of the slewing center to the rear outer side of the slewing part (see Figure 8). 2.5 Stability
2.5.1 Driving stability
The ability of the crane to resist tipping and sliding when driving. 2.5.2 Lifting stability
The ability of the crane to resist tipping moment during lifting operation. 2.5.3 Stability
The ratio of the rated total lifting capacity to the total lifting capacity in the critical state of stability, expressed as a percentage. 2.5.4 Self-stability
The ability of the crane in the unloaded state to resist tipping moment. 2.5.5 Tipping line
The line connecting the adjacent supporting points of the crane.
When outriggers are used, it is the line connecting the centers of each outrigger base. If the tire is located before the tipping line, it is allowed to connect the tire grounding points. When outriggers are not used, for single-row tires, it is the line connecting the grounding points of each tire (rigid suspension). For double-row tires, for rigid axles and locked elastic axles, it is the line connecting the grounding points of the center of the bottom edge of the outer tire (see Figure 10). 1
Longitudinal distance of outriggers
Figure 10 Tipping line
1-Tipping line when outriggers are used, II-Tipping line when outriggers are not used, 1 one outrigger: 2 one tire 3 one lifting arm: 4 one fifth outrigger 7
2.5.6 Most unfavorable stable position
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For a crane in operation, under the condition of the same working amplitude, the position of the boom when the total lifting weight in the critical state of stability is the minimum. That is, the position where the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the total weight including the total lifting weight and the deadweight of the whole machine to the tipping line is the minimum. 3 Status and operating position
3.1 Status
3.1.1 Operating status
The crane is in a state where it can perform lifting operations (see Figure 5). Lifting of heavy objects: the state in which the heavy objects move upward or downward in the vertical direction. a.
Smooth descent of heavy objects: the state in which the heavy objects are lowered at a stable speed during lifting operations. Boom pitching: the state in which the boom reduces or increases the elevation angle of the boom in the vertical plane passing through its longitudinal axis. c.
Luffing: the state in which the amplitude is changed by the pitching of the boom. Slewing: the state in which the crane vehicle rotates around the central axis of slewing. Compound action state: the state in which two or more movements are performed simultaneously during lifting operations. No-load state: the operating state of the crane when it is not lifting heavy objects. Full-load state: the operating state of the crane when it is lifting the rated total lifting weight. Micro-motion state: the state in which the crane is operating according to the micro-motion performance. I
Critical stability state: When the crane lifts a heavy object and the heavy object has left the ground, the stabilizing moment and the tipping moment on both sides of the tipping line are balanced.
k. Gravity descent state: The operating state in which the lifting drum is disconnected from its driving mechanism and the object is lowered by the gravity of the object picking device and the heavy object under the control of the brake.
I. Power descent state: The operating state in which the object is lowered by power. 3.1.2 Basic arm operating state
The state in which the basic arm is used for lifting operations. 3.1.3 The longest main arm operating state
The state in which the main arm length is the maximum when all the sections of the telescopic main arm are fully extended or the middle sections of the main arm of the traveling frame are fully installed.
8.1.4 Jib operating state
The state in which the auxiliary arm is used for lifting operations.
3.1.5 Lifting operation state with outriggers
The operation state in which the outriggers of the crane bear the supporting reaction force. 3.1.6 Lifting operation state without outriggers
The operation state in which the tires of the crane bear the supporting reaction force. 3.1.7 Loaded telescopic state
The operation state in which the crane arm performs telescopic movement by lifting a heavy object. 3.1.8 Lifting driving state
The operation state in which the crane travels with a heavy object. 3.1.9 Transfer driving state
Lower and fix the crane arm, retract the outriggers, cut off the power of each working mechanism on the crane, and perform the driving state when the crane is transferred. 3.2 Operating orientation and orientation zone
When the crane is in operation, the relative position of the longitudinal axis of the boom and the longitudinal axis of the crane undercarriage projected on the horizontal plane is called the operating orientation.
When the outrigger is used for operation, the horizontal plane is divided into several orientation zones according to the travel direction, with the ray from the rotation center and passing through the center of the outrigger seat as the boundary. For a four-legged crane arranged symmetrically on the left and right, it is usually divided into four orientation zones: front, rear, left side, and right side (see Figure 11).
Front,
Right side
Left side
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Orientation zone when operating with outriggers
Right side
Left side
When operating without outriggers, the center line of the front wheel track and the center line of the rear wheel track are divided into four orientation zones: front, rear, left side, and right side according to the travel direction (see Figure 12). Right
Left
Figure 12 Position area when working without outriggers
Right
Left
a. Direct front and rear: When the boom points to the front and rear respectively, and the projection of its longitudinal axis and the longitudinal axis of the vehicle on the horizontal plane coincides, the direction pointed by the boom is called the front and rear respectively. b. Direct side (direct left or right): When the boom points to the side (left or right), and the projection of its longitudinal axis and the longitudinal axis of the vehicle on the horizontal plane are perpendicular to each other, it is called the side (direct left or right). c. Front lifting, rear lifting, left and right side lifting: When the crane is lifting, when the boom is in the front working position, it is called front lifting, when the boom is in the rear working position, it is called rear lifting, and when the boom is in the left and right side working positions, it is called left and right side lifting.
Components and mechanisms
4.1 Complete machine
A crane with complete upper and lower vehicles and auxiliary devices. 4.2 Upper vehicle
Includes the slewing bearing and all the mechanisms and devices above it. 4.3 Lower vehicle
A general term for the parts below the slewing bearing, including the underframe, chassis, outriggers, and other components, mechanisms, and devices. 9
4.4 Power unit
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Generally refers to various types of engines, generators, motors, and hydraulic pumps installed on cranes. 4.5 Transmission device
A device that transmits power to various working mechanisms, such as gear boxes, transmission shafts, hydraulic cylinders, and hydraulic motors. 4.6 Working mechanism
Mechanisms that change the position of the lifting hook, such as the lifting mechanism, luffing mechanism, telescopic mechanism, and slewing mechanism. 4.7 Lifting mechanism
Transmission mechanism used to realize the lifting and lowering movement of the picking device or the picking device and the heavy object (see Figure 13). I
Figure 13 Lifting mechanism
1-prime mover, 2-coupling, 3-brake, 4-reducer; 5-drum: 6-lifting hook 7-pulley block, 8-clutch 4.8 Gravity descent device
Device to realize the gravity descent of the picking device or the picking device and the heavy object. 4.9 Luffing mechanism
Mechanism to complete the luffing movement (see Figure 14). Lifting luffing mechanism: a mechanism that uses flexible parts such as wire ropes and chains to realize the luffing movement (see Figure 14a). a.
Rigid luffing mechanism: a mechanism that uses rigid parts such as hydraulic cylinders and racks to realize the luffing movement (see Figure 14b). b.
Slewing mechanism
A mechanism that drives the upper vehicle to perform slewing motion (see Figure 15). 10
Telescopic mechanism
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A mechanism that changes the relative positions of the various segments of the telescopic arm. Sequential telescopic mechanism: A mechanism that enables the various segments of the telescopic arm to be telescoped and extended in a certain order. a.
Synchronous telescopic mechanism: A mechanism that enables the various segments of the telescopic arm to be telescoped and extended at the same stroke or the same telescopic speed at the same time. b.
Independent telescopic mechanism: A mechanism that enables each segment to be telescoped and extended independently. c.
Combined telescopic mechanism: A mechanism that can simultaneously use two of the telescopic methods listed in a, b, and c to telescope when the telescopic arm has more than three segments. d.
Crane boom folding mechanism
A mechanism that enables the crane boom to be folded when the working state is converted into the non-working state (see Figure 16). 4.13 Lifting Boom
4.13.1 According to the structural type
Frame boom: A truss structure crane boom welded from profiles or pipes (see Figures 3 and 4). a.
Box-type boom: A box-type structure crane boom with various cross-sections (such as rectangular, trapezoidal and polygonal, etc.) (see Figures 1 and 2). b.
According to the use characteristics
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