Ergonomic design of control centres—Part 2：Principles for the arrangement of control suites
Some standard content:
ICS13.180
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 22188.2--2010/ISO 11064-2:200C Ergonomic design of control centres-Part 2: Principles for the arrangement of control suites(1SO 11064-2:2000, IDT)
2011-01-14 Issued
2011-07-01 Implementation
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
GB/T22188.2—2010/IS011064-2:2000 Foreword
Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
Design steps for control suite layout
5 Ergonomic factors to be considered
6 Verification and validation of control suite layout
Appendix A (informative) Detailed requirements for specific rooms and areas References
G/1 221BB.2—-2010/1S0 11064-2:2000 GB/T22188 Ergonomic design of control center\ is divided into the following parts: Part 1: Design principles of control center
- Part 2: Layout principles of control suites - Part 3: Layout of control rooms:
- Part 4: Layout and size of workstations: - Part 5: Displays and controllers:
: Part 6, Environmental requirements for control rooms
- Part 7: Evaluation principles of control centers: - Part 8: Ergonomic requirements for specific applications. This part is Part 2 of GB/T22188. This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1:2009. This part uses the translation method equivalent to IS011064-2:2000 Ergonomic design of control centers Part 2: Layout principles of control suites".
The Chinese documents that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this part are as follows: GB/T22188.32010 Ergonomic design of control centers Part 3: Layout of control rooms (ISO11064-31 999MOD)
This part is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Ergonomics (SAC/TC7). Drafting organizations of this part: China Standardization Research Center, Air Force Aviation Medical Research Institute, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this part: Ran Linghua, Zhang Xin, Guo Xiaochao, Fu Xiaolan, Zhou Qianxiang, Chen Baihong, Wang Lijing, Liu Taijie, Zhao Chaoyi, Xiao Hui. 1
GB/T 22188.2—2010/IS0 11064-2:200d Introduction
This part of ISO/TS 22188 gives ergonomic principles and guidelines for the layout of control suites. ISO/TS 22188 applies to all types of control centres, including process industry control centres, transportation control centres, and control and communication system control centres for service applications. Although ISO 11061 applies primarily to non-mobile control centres, many of its principles also apply to mobile control centres, such as those on ships, trains and aircraft. User needs are the central theme of this part and should be considered at all stages of the design process. The overall strategy for dealing with user needs is detailed in ISO/TS 22188.1-2008. This part gives guidance on the design and planning of support areas for control suites. The spatial layout requirements for control rooms are detailed in ISO 11064-3:1999. Design of workstations, displays and controllers, human-machine interaction and the physical work environment The requirements are described in ISO 11061-4 to ISO 11064-6. ISO 11064-7 describes the evaluation principles for control centers. ISO 11064-1 to ISO 11064-7 cover the basic principles of ergonomic design applicable to control areas. ISO 11064-8 gives specific requirements applicable to special areas or applications. The various requirements specified in ISO 11064-8 should be understood together with ISO 11064-1 to ISO 11064-7.
The main beneficiaries of this standard are the operators or other users in the control suite. The needs of these users provide the standard setters with the ergonomic requirements for control center design. Although the end users may not read this standard or even know that it exists, it is advisable to apply this standard to provide these users with a more user-friendly interface and a working environment that is more consistent with the operating requirements, so as to develop a design solution that can minimize errors and improve efficiency. 1 Scope
GB/T 22188.2—2010/ISO 11064-2:2000 Ergonomic design of control centres
Part 2: Principles for layout of control suites
This part of GB/T 22188 specifies the ergonomic design principles for control centres, in particular the various layouts of rooms and spaces in control suites. These design principles are based on an analysis of the functions and tasks of the control room and its associated rooms, and include the determination of functional areas, the assessment of the spatial allocation of each functional area, the determination of operational links between functional areas, and the determination of the initial layout of the control suite to facilitate the transition between all activities in the control suite.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. CB/T16251—2008 Ergonomic principles for work system design (ISO6385:2004, IDT) GB/T22188.12008 Ergonomic design of control centers Part 1: Design principles for control centers (IS0 11064-1:2000, IDT)
GB/T22188.3 Ergonomic design of control centers Part 3: Layout of control rooms (GB/T22188.3—2010, IS0 11064-3:1999, M0D)
EN614-1 Safety of machinery Ergonomic design Source side Part 1 Terms and basic principles 3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T22188.1-2008 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
Task allocation task allocation
The distribution of work tasks or subtasks between operators and systems. 3.2
Task zone
The combination of work tasks and their related space and location requirements. 3.3
+work environment
Work environment
The physical, chemical, biological, organizational, social and cultural factors surrounding people in the workspace. Work spacework space
The range of space allocated to a single person or group of people in a work system in order to complete work tasks. [GB/T 16251 2008]
Workstationworkstatlon
The combination of equipment operated by a specific person in the workspace. Note that there is the possibility that more than one person may share a particular workstation, or that more than one person may rotate between several workstations within any period of time (hours, days or weeks).
GB/T 22188.2—2010/ISO 11064-2 2000.
Work system
The people (one or more) and the work equipment that work together to complete system tasks within the workspace and work environment under the conditions defined by the work tasks.
[EN 614-1]
Work task
Task
The activities performed to achieve the intended results of the work system. 4 Discussion on the layout of control panels
4.1 Basic methods
The basic methods for designing work systems should comply with GB/T 16251-2008 and EN 614-1. The application of these basic methods in the design, improvement or redesign of control centers is described in GB/T 22188. The purpose of developing these standards is to make the designed work system consistent with human capabilities, limitations and needs. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze existing situations or comparable situations. Chapter 4 of this part describes how to use basic methods for situation analysis when designing control centers. This chapter focuses on the structural planning of the basic layout of the control room (i.e., the various activities required in space planning). The detailed design of the control room, operator workstation and human-machine interface is described in the subsequent parts of GB/T22188. The development of a location plan (also called a floor plan) is of special significance for the layout of the control room. Location planning is the drawing of a floor plan of all processing units, major equipment, buildings and passages within a production site or production building, including the determination of the location of production units, buildings, transportation systems and other elements. The layout of the control center includes determining the control room and the processes to be monitored, the work The relative position of control rooms and other equipment. The focus of this standard is to make an overall design of the control suite from an ergonomic perspective based on the layout of the control center, the content of the work and the organization of the work. This includes determining the relative position of the control suite to the production site. Many other factors (such as economic factors, the size, shape and surrounding environment of the area, and existing elements in the site) are also taken into account. These factors will be important factors in determining the final solution. However, users of this standard should recognize that the physical location of the control suite relative to the subsystems being controlled and/or monitored constrains the design of the control room, workstations and operations. It also determines The flexibility of the design of access, distance, communication methods and operations and work organization is determined by the control room. In some cases, the physical location of the control room is crucial because the operation of the control room depends on its location (for example: security location, front desk); but in some cases, the location is not important. When it is expected that there will be disabled users and visitors in the control suite, appropriate auxiliary facilities should be considered in the design. 4.2 Design steps of the control room
The basic layout of the workshop or production unit, the process description, the main process operating principles and the basic layout of the building are the key factors to be considered at the beginning of the project. The control center The design process usually includes the following project phases: Phase A: Problem Clarification Phase B: Analysis and Problem Definition Phase C: Conceptual Design Phase D: Detailed Design Phase E: Implementation and Operational Feedback. See G3/22188.1-2008 for details. The ergonomic design principles for control suite layout (Chapter 4 of GB/T22188.1-2008) should be determined and used in Phase C. In order to ensure effective input of control suite layout related items, the following steps are recommended (see GB/T 22188.1-2008, Step 2
9A Figures 1 and 2):
In Phase A, functional requirements are developed:
GB/T 22188.2—2010/ISO 11064-2:2000 The main points of conceptual design include the expected performance of the work system (system function) and an overview of the tasks to be performed within the work system (including the allocation of tasks between operators and equipment) (see 4.3); - Determine the overall layout of the site or production equipment (including the location of the control suite) (see 4.4); - An overview of the space requirements for the control suite should be developed. An effective method is to list the tasks to be completed in the control suite and to specify the overall requirements of each task on the workstation and other facilities. The resulting task areas are arranged in the workstations in a way that meets these requirements (see 4.5).
Usually, the baseline for the control suite layout is determined from Phase D. At this stage, any changes in the design should be controlled. User input should be an integral part of the control suite design. User participation is a structured approach that involves future users and other users in the project design process (see references). Users should be involved in the design with the help of experts in the field (e.g. ergonomists). Generally, the first communication between users and the project team can take place during the situation analysis phase. Once communication has been established, the project team should discuss the layout of the control suite with the users. Tools such as scale models or layout boards (e.g. magnetic space planning boards), or computer 3D models can be used to effectively communicate with users about the building layout. 4.3 Starting point for control suite layout
Before starting the control suite layout design, the following activities need to be completed: - define the system functions (functions of the plant building); - allocate functions between operators or equipment and devices (see EN614-1); fully define the tasks of each operator (i.e. job rotation, training level). The above three steps provide the following information for the starting point of the control suite design: - a list of system functions
- work tasks, their connections, duration, frequency and workload: the work of each operator, that is, the combination of all tasks assigned to a single person; a preliminary description of the equipment to be installed in the control suite, all of which can then be used to determine the workspace and other work areas (see 4.5). When designing a completely new control suite, there may be few or no systems to compare. In the absence of practical experience, the starting point for the design may be just a brief description of the staffing and work tasks. It should be continuously improved as the design progresses, and when exact information is not available, a working hypothesis method can be used. When redesigning or improving an existing system, the results of the situation analysis are the starting point of the design. Later, an overview of the current work tasks can be used instead of a comprehensive functional analysis, combined with an analysis of the constraints found when proposing changes to the work structure. The situation analysis also allows users to directly participate in the design process.
4.4 Location design of control suites
When determining the appropriate location of the control suite in a facility, users of this standard should consider the following interacting ergonomic factors in conjunction with other principles:
Visibility requirements, i.e. if a process or site (area) requires visibility to the operator to be identified, the operator's work area should be located where the view is not obstructed: · Distance between control suite, process unit, local control room and local workstation Accessibility of control suite and emergency exits
Design and construction of operations and work organization, including requirements for communication and interaction between personnel: - Task interaction between users and equipment:
Activity space for operators, other staff and visitors in the control suite; Sufficient space should be reserved for service and maintenance work. GB/T 22188. 2—2010/ISO 11064-2:2000 Environmental factors to be considered include: www.bzxz.net
Sufficient light and windows:
Appropriate control room temperature:
Appropriate isolation or avoidance of high noise:
Appropriate protection or avoidance of drought, wind, dust and toxic substances: Appropriate isolation or avoidance of perturbation environment!
When external equipment (e.g., soda, electromagnetic separator) generates alternating electromagnetic fields, the work area should be located in a place where these effects are minimized because the impact of electromagnetic fields on human health has not been fully clarified. For details, see ISO11064-6. Technical factors to be considered include:
Civil structure of the building;
Relationship between process units (interactive processes) and protection areas; layout of roads, cables and ventilation ducts;
...space for future expansion.
Other factors to consider include:
Certain safety factors of the control suite, such as whether explosion-proof construction is used, whether toxic substances are protected, and whether the control suite can be used as a protective place;
Safety, proximity to the public, special security checks and doors: Public relations (also the proximity to the public): visibility of the control suite for safety or public relations reasons; Buildings: The building should be coordinated with the overall environment. : Chapter 6 presents ergonomic considerations that can be used as an evaluation tool. 4,5 Overview of control suite task areas
An overview of the control suite task area requirements should be given. The task area overview covers the control suite and all rooms that have a functional connection with it during the execution of the task (see Chapter 6). The specification should include the following factors:
The number of users in each room (including changes in the number of users); the estimated size of the workstations in each room when fully equipped and their estimated space requirements; the requirements for shift changes and a brief description of the team; the location of noise sources, such as dialers, telephones, alarm signals and related requirements; and the space margin reserved for future modifications and expansions. It is an effective method to define task areas for each work task. These task areas should then be allocated to workstations according to one or more of the following criteria:
Some task areas can be located in the same room. For example: all control and monitoring task areas (i.e. operating desks) can be arranged in one room with the rest area; tasks can be combined, for example: the control and monitoring task area can be combined with the management task area (i.e. in one workstation, these two tasks can be completed by the same person); task areas can be located in independent rooms (excluding other tasks). 4.6 Layout design of control suites The functional design of control suites should be carried out based on the overall description of each task area and the requirements of each task area. The following important factors need to be considered: - Linkages between task requirements of each task area: Access to task areas: Environmental constraints (e.g. the relative position of doors and display screens); GB/Tt22188.22010/IS011064-2:2000 Architectural principles for the overall layout of the house, including shape, floor, columns or steel structures, traffic and auxiliary passages; passages for equipment installation and maintenance.
Note 1: Chapter 6 presents ergonomic considerations that can be used as an assessment tool. Note 2. The detailed design of the control suite exterior is given in GB/T 22188.3. The same guidelines can be used for the detailed design of other rooms within the control suite and the local control room.
5 Ergonomic factors to be considered
The ergonomic factors in this chapter should be taken into account when designing the layout of the control suite. The process of integrating these factors is shown in the flow chart of this chapter (Figure 1). Link analysis is an engineering tool for analyzing the task pattern of work. It can determine the most appropriate equipment layout for individuals, work teams and/or equipment maintenance (see reference [3]). Conditions
Goals of the man-machine system
Situational analysis
In-service analysis
Visibility of the plant
Accessibility of the plant
Emergency measures, etc.
Collaboration between personnel
Space required for each task, etc.
Links between task areas
1 Requirements for the station
Equipment and buildings
Task analysis
The compromise ratio adopted
Effectiveness criteria
Note 1: For detailed content, see Chapter 5.
Steps
Automatic points (see 4.3)
1 Determine the system jump function
2 List the system in service,
People:
Equipment:
Interconnection.
3 Work organization and operation design
Determine the location of the wheel system package 4.4)
Determine the requirements of the fiber service area (see 4.5)
Determine the layout of the control suite (see 1.6)
Confirmation and verification of layout design (see chapter) Detailed record of the final results, confirm the available solutions and the criteria that must be followed when making decisions
Note 2: The results of each design step may reflect the previous step. Note 3: Each step involves the user. Design steps of control suites
GB/T22188.22010/IS011064-2.20005.1 Communication activities
The following factors should be considered:
-Task areas where operators need to communicate frequently should be located in adjacent positions; the equipment layout of the control suite should allow operators to communicate visually when necessary: Communication activities unrelated to the function of the control suite should be avoided to distract the operator's attention! - Rooms and positions with different functions should be separated from each other to avoid potential interference. 5.2 Alternatives and passages
The following factors should be considered:
To facilitate travel and communication, road distances should be kept as short as possible; if part of the workplace is to be directly visually monitored, the work position performing the monitoring task determines the location of the control suite in the location;
Any restrictions on access for unauthorized personnel should not hinder access for authorized personnel; special consideration should be given to passages that do not meet the requirements, such as emergency exits as shortcuts. The layout of the workplace should ensure that all areas that may need to be viewed are easily accessible. When users are seated with their backs to the population or frequently used passages, they may feel uncomfortable. It should be possible for operators to see people entering the room from their normal working position, while avoiding disturbance as much as possible. The same requirements apply from a safety perspective. See GB/T22188.3.
5.3 Entrances and exits
The following factors should be considered:
The doors and passages of the control suite should ensure the passage and handling of most equipment. It is also advisable to consider that the floor or ceiling may need to be removed for future equipment addition, maintenance and relocation; - Consider the space required for the population blue pipe; - Consider providing readily available access to emergency teaching and nursing equipment, emergency equipment and emergency exits 5.4 Environmental conditions
The following environmental factors should be considered:
1. The materials used for floors, surfaces and ceilings should not produce glare, strong contrast and strong reflection. If necessary, appropriate measures should be taken to minimize the impact of noise.
1. Potential sources of interference should be identified and considered. The control room should be located in a location with minimal interference; 2. If toxic materials, pollution and radiation are present, the control suite should be avoided as far as possible from exposure to these hazards. 5.5 Cleaning
Consider the following:
It is recommended that buildings or building materials of long-lasting durability be used to minimize the frequency of cleaning or to facilitate cleaning: - Provision should be made to minimize dirt and contamination in the control suite - Cleaning agents should not present a risk of injury to personnel when stored and used, either in terms of odor or when touched. 5.6 Maintenance
The following elements should be considered:
- Maintenance activities should interfere with the operation of the control suite as little as possible 6
GET2218B.2-—2010/1S011064-2.2000 - Equipment should be easily accessible for maintenance. It should be considered that some equipment requires regular maintenance (e.g. lighting, fire and gas detection systems, air conditioning systems)
The arrangement of electrical systems and ventilation ducts should be appropriately shielded but easily accessible for maintenance and repair at any time. Consideration should be given to possible future electrical expansion.
Note: The impact of maintenance (cleaning) tasks and related equipment on the control center may vary with the operating hours in the control center (such as 7 days a week, 24 hours operation, or other situations).
5.7 Visitors
When designing the layout of the control suite, space should be reserved for visitors. Professional visitors and ordinary visitors should be distinguished and systematically studied to determine their respective needs. The following factors should be considered:
- Ordinary visitors should be guided through the control center to minimize the possible interference of their routes to operations. Operators' activities should be prevented from being affected by visitors. Create suitable conditions for receiving ordinary visitors (for example: set up a panel observation corridor outside the central control room):
- Professional visitors should be provided with conditions to enable them to view the display content of the display. Unless necessary, the attention of operators in the control room should not be distracted or their work should not be disturbed.
Storage space for items such as protective shoes and helmets should be considered. 5.8 Support Information
Some information used by operators and other users will be stored in the form of documents (for example, drawings, manuals and guides may be stored in electronic systems).
Achieve:
Information should be stored and arranged so that frequently used information can be easily found: Information archiving and storage facilities should meet the expected requirements of data capacity! Special measures should be formulated for materials that are required in emergency situations. In order to save space and speed up retrieval, computer-assisted archiving should be considered, especially for emergency procedure materials. 6 Verification and Validation of Control Suite Layout
The design of the control suite layout should be verified and certified in the following ways: Verify the design characteristics and design criteria (system specifications, manuals or standards are indicators: attention should be paid to the operability of the confirmation;
Evaluate functionality and usability (i.e. confirmation)
- Link analysis can be used to confirm traffic patterns and communication links; When an idea runs through the scenes or sequences in the new design, use walk-through and visit techniques. It should be noted that physical models and simulations can fully demonstrate the entire task;
- Simple methods such as drawings, photos and physical models are used to demonstrate the new design. Another possible way is to use virtual reality technology to implement
- Use a variety of service analysis techniques. For example, women , when testing communications and tonality, use the link branch or timeline analysis method - the evaluation principles of the control center are shown in IS011064·7. In general, many factors need to be considered in the process of suite design. The design of the control suite may have multiple starting points. When determining the location of the control suite and its rooms, various factors should be considered extensively. Therefore, each major design decision and compromise plan should be recorded in detail for verification and confirmation (see reference [7]).
+B/T22188.22010/15011064-2:2000 Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Detailed requirements for specific rooms and areas
Design of building layout (for example: control suite The design of a control suite layout is a complex task because there are many different requirements to consider. This annex provides an overview of the rooms and work areas that may be located in the control suite to facilitate the overall design process. This annex can also be used as a checklist to check the completeness of the control suite design.
The considerations given in Clauses 4 and 5 should be applied to each relevant room. Since there are many design requirements and results in the control suite design process, the project team should record the relevant considerations in detail. A.1 Control room
Typically, the control and monitoring task areas and related task areas are located in the control room. The location of the control room in the control suite should be determined based on the following considerations:
Protection and safety requirements (for example: direct entrance, special entrances or gates, passage through multiple security doors, etc.) Check the access). - Work links and interpersonal communication related to the floor (ground floor or other floors) where the control room is located. Note: For workshops or facilities (parts thereof) located in the same building, since most workshop workstations and vehicle operators are usually located on the subordinate floors, the ground floor should be used as the main operating floor. The control and blue control task areas can be located in the same room and integrated with the following task areas: - Archiving tasks and related task areas
Consider the equipment used to archive in the process control system and the facilities required for other possible management tasks, including the use of electronic auxiliary equipment such as personal computers and visual display terminals (VDTs). Management tasks and related task areas
Shift records, memos, etc. (see the above example). Analysis (diagnosis) tasks and related task areas
The factors that need to be considered are the same as those for archiving, including multiple people discussing certain issues together, --- Supervision tasks and related work areas
Consider possible conflict factors. For example; work organization (teamwork versus the level difference between operators and blue supervisors), privacy, observation of the entire process, etc.
Pass and visitor management tasks and related task areas Whether such task areas (such as the front desk) should be part of the control room or in a separate room depends on whether there is a conflict between the two. For example: work organization (work passes and visitor passes) factors, dealing with peak hours, whether it is necessary to know exactly what is happening on site and keeping the environment in the control room quiet. "Shift handover work area.
A2 Equipment and maintenance area
The design of equipment and maintenance areas also needs to consider ergonomic factors. These factors are determined through close cooperation between manufacturers, suppliers, maintenance engineers and other relevant personnel. Factors that need to be considered include:
-Computer area, electronic equipment area, cable rack area Many details of these areas (such as cable racks, power supply rooms) will be provided by the computer supplier, and environmental factors (such as lighting water 8) need to be considered.
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