JB/T 2629-1979 Technical requirements for truck cranes and tire cranes
Some standard content:
Standard of the First Machinery Industry Department of the People's Republic of China
Technical conditions for truck cranes and tire cranes JB2629-79
19 degrees 0
Standard of the First Machinery Industry Department of the People's Republic of China
Technical conditions for truck cranes and tire cranes JB 2629--79
This standard applies to truck cranes and tire cranes (hereinafter referred to as cranes) in JB1375-74 "Basic parameter series of truck cranes and tire cranes": For variant products with special requirements, relevant departments may formulate supplementary technical conditions. I. Technical requirements
(I)→Stipulations
1. Under the following conditions, the crane should be able to work normally according to the calibrated performance: (1) The ground is solid and there is no sinking during the operation process. (2》Before lifting operation, the inclination of the slewing bearing surface of the lower vehicle shall not exceed that specified in Table 1. Table 1
Lifting capacity of crane (tons)
Inclination of slewing bearing surface of the lower vehicle
(3) Ambient temperature is -15～+35℃. (4) Wind force shall not exceed that specified in Table 2
Height of crane arm end from ground (meters)
Wind force level
1:100
>60 ～100
2. The manufacturer should clearly specify the scope of the crane's operating area in the manual. The operating area of a truck crane should generally include the side and rear, and the operating area of a tire crane should generally include the side, rear and front. If the scope of the operating area cannot be determined according to the definition in the appendix, it should be illustrated in the manual.
3. The axle load of the truck crane should comply with relevant regulations. 4. For cranes with a lifting capacity greater than or equal to 16 tons, the auxiliary arm and auxiliary lifting mechanism should be supplied according to user needs. 5. The crane should be equipped with lighting devices to ensure nighttime lifting operations and driving. 6. The noise of the crane during driving should comply with GB1495-79 "Permissible Noise of Motor Vehicles" 》. 7. The rated single rope speed, rated slewing speed and no-load slewing speed of the crane shall not be lower than the design value. When the crane is operating at the maximum rated lifting capacity, the minimum stable speed of lifting, lowering and slewing shall not be higher than the design value. 8. The lifting height of the crane shall not be less than the design value. 9. The deviation value of the lateral extension span and longitudinal span of the crane legs from the nominal size shall not be greater than 1%. 10. The total height and total width of the crane in the driving state shall not be greater than 100.5% of the design value. The First Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China issued the Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute proposed
Implementation on January 1, 1980
Drafted by Beijing Crane Machinery Factory and others||tt| |Total 25 pages Page 2
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11. The deadweight and axle load of the crane shall not exceed 103% of the design value. 12. There shall be no relative motion parts in the crane mechanism, and there shall be no oil, water or air leakage. There shall be no leakage exceeding the provisions of the relevant standards in the parts with relative motion.
13. When the crane with outriggers is hoisting the maximum rated lifting weight and rotating slowly within the operating area, the deformation of the frame shall not affect the safe operation due to the upturning, displacement of the outriggers or the serious tilt of the crane. 14. In all tests, no permanent deformation or other damage shall occur on the steel structure, and the stress measurement value shall generally be less than the allowable value. 15 During the 10% overload dynamic load and 25% overload static load test, no mechanical damage or other abnormal phenomena shall occur. 16. During the 25% overload static load test, the downward displacement of the heavy object after 15 minutes of stay shall not be greater than 30 mm. : General mechanical parts normal phenomenon mm 17. During the reliability and industrial test of the crane, no major damage, multiple damage or abnormal performance shall occur; the main data measured by the performance retest shall not have obvious changes. (II) Stability of the whole machine
18. In order to ensure that the crane does not lose stability and overturn during driving, lifting operations and non-working conditions, the manufacturer shall clearly specify the operation and parking requirements in the instruction manual or the instruction board in the control room. 19. When the crane is operating with outriggers, the static stability safety factor K shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. Table 3
Crane with the longest main boom length less than or equal to 22 metersCrane with the longest main boom length greater than 22 metersK=1.33
Actual rated lifting capacity of each amplitude (tons)K
Where: QTotal lifting capacity at critical stability state, tons; QRated total—
Rated total lifting capacity, tons.
Note: Total lifting capacity refers to the sum of the weight of the hoisted object and the deadweight of the sling. 20. Criteria for determining critical stability state
QRated total
16 >16 ~25≥25
When the outermost edges of the two fixed legs with opposite directions of the boom are both tilted after lifting the heavy object, the smaller value of the tilt shall not exceed 5 mm; when only one fixed leg is tilted, the tilt of the outermost edge shall not exceed 50 mm. (III) Safety devices
21. Cranes with a lifting height greater than 18 meters should be equipped with a lifting height limiter. The limiter should be able to reliably alarm or stop the relevant movement.22 The jib-type crane must be equipped with an amplitude limiter and a device to prevent the boom from rebounding and tilting backward. 23: The crane should be equipped with an amplitude indicator with clear readings. Its accuracy is: when the amplitude is less than or equal to 5 meters, the deviation is not more than 100 mm, and when the amplitude is greater than 5 meters, the deviation is not more than 2%. 24 Cranes with a lifting capacity equal to or greater than 16 tons must have a lifting torque limiter. The torque limiter shall meet the following requirements: (1) When the lifting torque reaches 80-90% of the rated value, the yellow light will be on; (2) When the lifting torque reaches 90-105% of the rated value, the red light will be on and an audible alarm will be sounded; (3) When a power cut-off device is installed, it shall ensure that it works when the lifting torque reaches 102-110% of the rated value; (4) The torque limiter shall work reliably and be easy to check and verify. 25. The upper carriage of the crane shall be equipped with a horn, and the horn button shall be located in a position that is convenient for the driver to use. JB2629-79
(IV) Lifting operation mechanism
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26. Each mechanism shall ensure that the action is smooth and accurate during the lifting operation, and no creeping, vibration, impact or abnormal increase in driving power shall occur. The inching performance of the lifting, slewing and luffing mechanisms shall be good. 27. Hoisting and luffing mechanism
(1) The safety factor of the wire rope should not be less than that specified in Table 4. Phenomenon. The inching performance of the hoisting, slewing and luffing mechanism should be good. Mechanism name
Hoisting mechanism
Luffing mechanism
Calculation conditions
Operation status
: Operation status
Installation status
Operation around the pulley
Wire rope
n=Sbroken/Smax
Where: Sbroken--breaking tension of wire rope, kgf, Smax--
Boom rope
Boom rope
--Maximum static tension of wire rope when working at rated load, kgf. The efficiency of the pulley block should be considered, but the dead weight of the wire rope should not be taken into account.
(2) The diameter of the drum should not be less than 15 times the diameter of the wire rope; the diameter of the pulley should not be less than 17 times the diameter of the wire rope. Note: The diameter of the grooved drum and the pulley diameter are measured at the bottom of the groove. (3) After the weight stops in the air for 2 minutes, continue to slowly lift the hook or arm. No instantaneous sliding is allowed. (4) The mechanism must be equipped with brakes and other devices to ensure that the weight is reliably stopped in the air. When braking with a brake, its braking torque should be at least 25% (hoisting mechanism) or 50% (luffing mechanism) greater than the maximum torque transmitted to the brake wheel by the weight during operation. When determining the maximum torque, it is calculated according to the rated lifting capacity, and the friction of the transmission system is not considered. (5) Cranes with a lifting capacity greater than or equal to 16 tons should be equipped with a gravity descent mechanism, and should be able to achieve gravity descent of the empty hook. (.6) The wire rope should not be tangled on the drum, and the lifting wire rope should not be twisted. 28. The slewing mechanism
(1) should have controllable sliding performance as much as possible; (2) should be equipped with a fixing device to prevent relative rotation between the vehicle and the vehicle during driving. 29.Boom telescopic mechanism
(1) It should have the ability to telescope under load, and the allowable load value and corresponding working conditions for telescopic under load should be clearly specified in the manual.
(2) The telescopic procedure of each boom section should comply with the provisions of the manual and should not be confused. (3) The safety factor of the wire rope used for the telescopic mechanism should be not less than 4 (for telescopic under load) and not less than 3 (for telescopic under no load).
(4) The diameter of the pulley used for the telescopic mechanism should be not less than 12 times the diameter of the wire rope. 30. Outrigger retracting and extending mechanism
(1) Cranes with a lifting capacity greater than 16 tons must be equipped with a level gauge or other device for checking the inclination of the slewing bearing surface of the lower vehicle. The outriggers should be individually adjustable.
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(2) Each outrigger should be able to be reliably fixed in the specified position. When fixed in the driving position, the maximum displacement of the movable outriggers due to the matching clearance shall not exceed 20 mm. After the factory driving test, the maximum displacement of the movable outriggers due to internal leakage of hydraulic components shall not exceed 10 mm (frog outriggers) or 3 mm (X-type and H-type outriggers).
(V) Chassis
31. The main assemblies of the special chassis of automobile cranes and the chassis of tire cranes and the corresponding parts of domestic automobile chassis should be as universal as possible. The design and manufacture of the chassis should generally comply with relevant automobile standards. For cranes using universal automobile chassis, the axle load of each axle should generally not exceed the rated value of the original manufacturer. The connection between the underframe and the chassis should not produce stress concentration that causes premature damage to the frame structure. 32. After the driving engine is turned off, the crane should be able to be towed. If a steering booster is used, it should be ensured that the driving steering action can still be controlled by manpower in the event of failure of the booster. (VI) Driver's cab and control room
33: The driver's cab and control room should be spacious. The internal width of the control room should generally not be less than 750 mm and the height should generally not be less than 1400 mm. The sealing, heat preservation and ventilation performance should be good. 34. The driver should have a good field of vision during driving and lifting operations. The front window should be equipped with a wiper and a sun visor. 35. The floor should be non-slip. It should be convenient for operators to get on and off the control room. 36. The front window and top window must be made of polished tempered glass or laminated glass. 37. The doors and windows should be easy to open and close and fixed reliably. The door of the control room should be fixed in the fully open position. The door should be equipped with a door lock. 38. The driver's seat should be comfortable and adjustable.
(VII) Control system
39. The control should be light and flexible, and the control force and control stroke should not exceed the values listed in Table 5. Table 5
Operation mode
Hand operation
Foot operation
Main control handles for lifting, boom changing, slewing, boom extension and retraction, gravity drop pedal, clutch pedal
40, Arrangement of main control handles and pedals for lifting operations, national transfer
Handle pedal
Brake pedal
Operation force
(kgf)
Generally, it should comply with the provisions of Figure 1.
Brake pedal
41. The operation mode of the main control handles should comply with the following provisions: (1) Hook raising, boom raising, boom retracting
(2) Hook dropping, boom dropping, boom extension
Pull the handle backward.
Push the handle forward.
(3) Turn left on the vehicle - pull the handle backward or move left. Auxiliary lifting
Operation stroke
(mm)
Mid-position forward 200
Mid-position backward 200
Main lifting
JB2629-79bzxz.net
Get on the vehicle and turn right. Push the handle forward or move to the right. For gravity lowering brake, the recommended operation method is: Brake clamped pedal release:
Brake release-pedal down.
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42. Each operating action shall not interfere with each other and may cause unexpected action. After each handle pedal is positioned, it shall not be out of position due to vibration and other reasons.
43. There should be at least two main lifting operation actions and then linked when light load. 44. Clear labels should be placed on or near each operating handle, pedal, button to explain their purpose and operation method. (VIII) Hydraulic and pneumatic systems
45. The hydraulic system should have safety devices to prevent overload and hydraulic shock. The adjustment pressure of the safety relief valve shall not be greater than 110% of the rated working pressure of the system, and the rated working pressure of the system shall not exceed the rated pressure of the pump. The filtration accuracy shall meet the requirements of the system 46. The system shall be equipped with oil filters and other devices to prevent oil contamination, and the filtration accuracy shall meet the requirements of the system components. 47. The transmission shall be smooth and there shall be no abnormal noise caused by vibration and cavitation. 48. General hydraulic components shall meet the requirements of B2146-77 "Technical Indicators for Factory Test of Hydraulic Components". 49. When parking, the drop in air pressure in the driving part of the air circuit shall meet the relevant regulations of automobiles. 50. The pipeline arrangement shall be neat, firm and reasonable, and each component and assembly shall generally be able to be disassembled and assembled separately. Disassembled and assembled separately, 51. During the bearing capacity test, the shrinkage of the piston rod of each cylinder shall not exceed 3 mm. (IX) Electrical system
52. The electrical system should be equipped with an overload protection device to ensure safety. 53. A grounding switch for cutting off the power supply should be provided in the internal combustion engine starting circuit. 54. For DC-driven electric transmission cranes, the generator and motors for each mechanism should be selected according to the following requirements: (1) The insulation grade should not be lower than Class B.
(2) When starting and braking, the maximum instantaneous current shall not exceed the allowable value of the motor. (3) When no-load, the maximum operating speed shall not exceed the allowable value of the motor. 55. When the total current of several motors passes through any switch, contactor, overload device coil, fuse, etc., its rated value should be determined according to the larger of the following two, that is, the sum of the rated currents of the two largest motors or the sum of the rated currents of all motors that drive the two mechanisms.
(X) Maintainability
56. The crane should be equipped with a tool box for placing tools, supplies and technical documents to ensure that the items will not be damaged and are easy to access. 57. Except for self-lubricating bearings or hydraulic parts that do not need frequent oiling, all lubrication points should ensure convenient oiling. The oil cups shall be selected in accordance with GB1152-74 "Basic Type and Size of Straight-through Pressure-injection Oil Cups" and GB1153-74 "Basic Form and Size of Joint-type Pressure-injection Oil Cups".
58. Signs and instructions shall be added to all important parts that need to be checked and adjusted. 59. Fuel tanks, hydraulic oil tanks and other working fluid containers shall all have liquid level indicators. 60. The machine shed shall be easy to assemble and disassemble. The walkway on the turntable shall be non-slip. Necessary handrails and ladders shall be provided. 61. For cranes whose main parts have not been run-in, the running-in requirements of the whole machine (including running-in mileage, road surface, vehicle speed, oil change, etc.) and the necessary running-in requirements for lifting operations must be specified in the instruction manual. (XI) Appearance and surface protection
62. The appearance, paint pattern and trademark of the crane shall be beautiful and generous. The paint color shall comply with the provisions of JB229978 "Paint Color and Safety Signs for Mining, Engineering, Hoisting and Transportation Machinery Products". Warning patterns shall be painted on the protruding parts such as the head of the boom and the movable outrigger.
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63. The paint coating of the crane shall refer to the provisions of JBZ111-74 "Automobile Paint Coating". (XII) Warranty Period
64. Under the condition that the user complies with the storage, use and transportation rules of the crane, within twelve months from the date of shipment from the manufacturer, if the crane is damaged or cannot work normally due to poor manufacturing quality, the manufacturer shall repair or replace the damaged parts and components for the user free of charge. The user shall carefully fill in the work diary card to record the work situation and working hours. II. Acceptance Rules and Test Methods
(I) Inspection Rules
65. Each crane shall be tested according to the factory test requirements. After passing the inspection, the product can be shipped with a certificate of conformity. When conducting the factory test sampling inspection, the number of units to be sampled shall be 10% of the batch output, but shall not be less than 2 units. If one unit fails, the sampling shall be doubled. Among the products sampled twice, if another unit fails, the whole batch of products shall be inspected. 66. For product finalization and conversion, no less than 2 prototypes must be used to test according to the requirements of the type test, and the finalization can only be carried out after passing the test.
67. For new product identification and improvement identification, the manufacturer shall formulate corresponding acceptance rules according to the specific situation and refer to this standard, and report to the superior competent department for approval.
(II) General provisions of the test
68. During the entire test period, technical maintenance shall be carried out according to the instruction manual, and the assembly, adjustment and technical status of each crane assembly shall be kept normal. In the reliability test and industrial test of the type test, it is allowed to replace wearing parts according to normal maintenance regulations. 69. In addition to factory tests, reliability tests and industrial tests, the lifting operation tests include:The following conditions shall be met: (1) The site is solid and flat, and the ground inclination is not greater than 0.5:100; (2) The wind speed does not exceed 3 m/s:
(3) The ambient temperature is -15 to +35°C.
The working conditions of factory test, reliability test and industrial test shall comply with the provisions of Article 1 of this standard. 70. The engine used for type test prototypes shall be subjected to major performance tests in accordance with GB1105-74 "Internal Combustion Engine Bench Test Method" before the test. If the engine manufacturer has provided the engine performance test results, this test may not be performed. 71. The weight calibration error of the test load shall not exceed 0.5%; the adjustment error of the engine rated speed shall not exceed 1%. High-speed test refers to the speed of each mechanism and working condition close to or equal to the engine rated speed. 72. When large and medium-sized cranes cannot be tested at the minimum amplitude due to the influence of the minimum effective amplitude, the amplitude can be enlarged. The load capacity will also change to the specified value of each test condition of the amplitude. 73. In the test clauses, unless otherwise specified, all tests are conducted under the outrigger working condition. The number of tests for each working condition shall be no less than 2 times. Test items may be interspersed or combined according to the test content and load conditions, but the test results shall not be affected.
74. Maintenance, failures, machine damage and repairs during the test (such as the number of replaced parts, repair hours, etc.) shall be recorded in detail.
75. Test reports shall be compiled for each test. The test report shall include: the prototype number, test conditions, environmental conditions, measuring instruments, measured values, theoretical calculated values, analysis conclusions and test personnel. (III) Factory test
76. Safety device inspection (shall comply with the provisions of Articles 21, 22, 23 and 24 of this standard) (1) Amplitude indicator
Test the actual value and indicated value of the working amplitude under full load, and test at least two amplitudes (large amplitude and small amplitude) for each arm length. Determine the accuracy of the amplitude indicator.
(2) Various limit devices
JB2629--79
Check whether the installation and adjustment positions of various limit devices are correct and whether they work normally. (3) Torque limiter
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Check the accuracy of the torque limiter. At least three amplitudes (large amplitude, medium amplitude, small amplitude) are tested for each arm length. (4) Check the opening pressure of each safety relief valve in the hydraulic system. 77. No-load test (shall comply with the provisions of Articles 12, 26 and 27 of this standard) (1) Lifting, slewing, boom extension and retraction, outrigger retraction and extension mechanisms. Perform no-load actions at low speed and high speed within the maximum working range. Observe whether there is any abnormal belt phenomenon and detect the maximum oil pressure or current during each action.
(2) Gravity drop
Before the test, the lifting mechanism brake and clutch should be adjusted to a state where the maximum rated load can be lifted and reliable braking can be achieved. Release the brake at the basic arm, minimum range and maximum ratio. The hook should be lowered from the maximum lifting height to the ground. 78. Rated load test (should comply with the provisions of Articles 12, 26, 27, 28 and 29 of this standard) Detect the maximum oil pressure or current during each action and observe whether there are any abnormal phenomena. (1) Lifting mechanism
Lift the rated load with the basic arm and the longest arm at the minimum working range and the maximum working range, at the minimum stable speed and the maximum speed within the full stroke, and lower the corresponding rated load. During the lifting or lowering process, perform 12 positive belt brakings, and restart after stopping. (2) Slewing mechanism
Lift the rated load with the basic arm and the longest arm at the minimum working range and the maximum working range, and slew left and right within the full range of the working area at the minimum stable speed and the rated slewing speed. During the slewing process, perform 1 to 2 brakings, and restart after stopping. (3) Variable amplitude mechanism
Lift the corresponding rated load with the basic arm and the longest arm at the maximum working range, lift the arm to the minimum working range at a medium speed, and then lower the arm to the maximum working range.
(4) Gravity descent
Lift the maximum load allowed by gravity descent to the maximum lifting height with a certain arm length at the minimum working range, and then descend by gravity. Stop the load 1 to 2 times during the descent. Note: ① If there is an auxiliary lifting mechanism, the corresponding rated load test should be carried out. ② For cranes with non-retractable booms, the lifting, rotation and variable amplitude tests of the longest boom are allowed to be sampled. ③ For mass-produced products, this item can be omitted. 79. Overload 10% dynamic load test (shall comply with the provisions of Articles 12, 15, 26, 27, 28 and 29 of this standard) The test method is the same as the rated load test, but the load used is 110% of the rated value. For cranes that can operate without outriggers, a 10% overload rotation test under the condition of not extending the outriggers should be added according to the corresponding lifting performance table. For cranes with load telescopic or hoisting travel performance, a corresponding overload test should be added. The working conditions are determined by the manufacturer. 80. Overload 25% static load test (shall comply with the provisions of Articles 15 and 16 of this standard) The basic arm is slowly lifted at 1.25 times the maximum rated load at the rear to ensure the corresponding rated amplitude. After the weight is off the ground, stop lifting, measure the sinking amount of the weight after staying in the air for 15 minutes, and observe whether there are other abnormal phenomena. During the test, it is allowed to adjust the opening pressure of the hydraulic system safety relief valve, but it should be readjusted to the specified value after the test. 81. Continuous operation test (sampling) (should comply with the provisions of Articles 12 and 26 of this standard) Continuously cycle the operation for 30 times under the following working conditions. If the machine stops halfway, the number of cycles should be recalculated. During the test, check whether there are any abnormal phenomena such as temperature rise of hydraulic or electrical systems and mechanism action. Test working conditions: basic arm, when the test load is 70% of the maximum rated lifting weight and the corresponding rated amplitude, quickly lift the load to the maximum height from the positive side, lift the arm to the maximum elevation angle, drop the arm to the original position, "lower the load to a certain height, turn 180" to the left (right) and then turn to the original position, and the load drops to the ground. Completion of the above actions is one cycle. 82. Factory driving test (should comply with the provisions of Articles 30 and 31 of this standard) 25 pages in total Page 8
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The crane should be installed and carry all the specified parts and accessories, and drive at medium speed. The road surface is asphalt road or dirt road. The mileage of a truck crane should be no less than 100 kilometers, and the mileage of a tire crane should be no less than 50 kilometers. During the test, the working conditions of each assembly, steering, braking and the fixing conditions of each component (such as movable legs) should be fully checked. (IV) Type test
83. In addition to the tests specified in the "factory test", the provisions of Articles 78, 79 and 80 of this standard should be added with other arm length tests.
84. When measuring weight parameters (which should comply with the provisions of Articles 3 and 11 of this standard), the crane should be stopped and the engine should be turned off. Measurement items: (1) The weight of the whole crane, the front axle load, the rear axle load, and the total load of the left wheel and the total load of the right wheel in the driving state (the accessories in the driving state are complete, the water and oil are fully added, the number of passengers is as specified in the design, or each person is replaced by a 65 kg sandbag), and the longitudinal and transverse center of gravity positions of the whole crane in the driving state are calculated; (2) The weight of the whole crane in the lifting operation state (with full water and oil, with basic boom and counterweight, and 1 passenger in the control room) (3) Other weight parameters (when conditions permit, the center of gravity height, the deadweight of the vehicle, the deadweight and center of gravity position of the boom, the weight of the counterweight, the hook and other major components can be measured).
The measurement method can refer to GB1334-77 "Road Test Methods for Trucks and Off-road Vehicles". 85. Determination of dimensional parameters (should comply with the provisions of Articles 8, 9, 10, and 33 of this standard) The measurement method can refer to GB1334-77. Measurement items: (1) Basic boom length and maximum boom length; (2) Maximum elevation angle and minimum elevation angle of the boom; (3) Maximum lifting height of the basic boom and maximum boom (when the support is deployed, the tires on the support surface are just off the ground): (4) Minimum turning radius (center radius of the front outer wheel track and the outer contour track radius of the machine body): (5) Longitudinal span of the outriggers 11, lateral span 12 (Figure 3) (6) Dimensions of the driving state F (see Figure 23-4): ARH
Figure 2 Main dimensions
Diameter r:
Slewing center
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Figure 3 Turntable tail diameter and outrigger span
Figure 4 Control room internal dimensions
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a, total length L, total height H, total width B, or B2, distance from the outside of the control room to the longitudinal axis B3b, longitudinal passing radius R, lateral passing radius R2, approach angle 1, departure angle Y2~Minimum ground clearance. , wheel static half C front overhang C rear overhang C2 front extension C, rear extension C4;
d.Front wheel track At, rear wheel track Aa, wheelbase z (ZZ) e. Turntable tail diameter, turntable ground clearance hi
f. Walkway ground clearance h23
g, control room interior dimensions (adjustable seat should be fixed in the center), bottom plate to seat cushion height h (measured at the front end perpendicular to the horizontal tangent), seat cushion surface to top plate distance (measured at 100 mm from the backrest surface and parallel to the backrest surface), control room interior total height h, control room interior total width B., main control handle to seat cushion surface vertical distance, main control handle to seat cushion back center horizontal distance c, main control handle distance SS, .S..*, seat cushion front end to each control pedal distance KK, .. (7) If necessary, the front windward area of the wheel rolling radius, field of view and motion parameters of each axis of the multi-axis crane can be measured according to the provisions of GB1334-77.
86. Lifting operation control performance test
(1) Control force and control stroke measurement (shall comply with the provisions of Articles 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 of this standard) Use spring scales, pedal dynamometers, etc. to measure the control force and stroke of the control handle and pedal. The measurement points are the push handle of the control handle and the center of the pedal. The linear displacement of the measurement points is the stroke. (2) Detect the convenience of opening and closing doors and windows and adjusting seats. (3) Detect the rationality of the configuration position of each handle, pedal, button and other control elements, and the coordination of the control action. 87: Determination of working speed and driving power of lifting operation (shall comply with the provisions of Articles 7 and 26 of this standard) (1) Lifting mechanism
When the engine is at the rated speed and the control handle is in the fully open position, the test load is lifted (lowered) at a high speed, and the stroke S, oil pump output oil pressure, flow rate (speed) or generator output current and voltage within time B are measured. Calculate the rated single rope speed, the lifting (lowering) speed at the maximum rated lifting weight, the driving power, the transmission efficiency, and the power and efficiency when lifting (lowering) without load. Test conditions:
a, maximum ratio, basic arm, maximum rated lifting weight; b. Maximum ratio, basic arm, no load,
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C. Single rope tension is the maximum value
d, single rope tension is 1/5 of the maximum value.
JB2629--79
Note: () The test report should indicate the number of winding layers of the wire rope on the drum. ② For the lifting mechanism where the wire rope speed does not change significantly when the load changes, the working condition d is not performed. ③ For the lifting mechanism with mechanical speed change, only one gear parameter can be measured, and the other gears can be converted and calculated. (2) Slewing mechanism
Measure the slewing angle (number), turning time, oil pump output oil pressure, flow rate or generator output voltage and current during the average speed slewing, and calculate the slewing speed and power.
Test conditions:
a. Basic boom, maximum elevation angle, no load, rated engine speed; b. Basic boom, maximum rated lifting weight, corresponding rated amplitude, safe slewing speed C. Basic boom, maximum rated lifting weight, corresponding rated amplitude, minimum stable speed. (3) Luffing mechanism
Raise (lower) the basic boom and the longest main boom within the corresponding maximum working amplitude and minimum lowering amplitude, and measure the no-load raising (lowering) time and the maximum oil pressure (current) value during the luffing process. Lift the corresponding rated lifting weight with the basic boom and the longest main boom at the maximum working amplitude, raise the boom to the minimum working amplitude at medium speed, and lower the boom to the original position at medium speed. Measure the time required to raise (lower) the boom and the maximum stable oil pressure (current) value. (4) Boom extension and retraction mechanism
Elevation angle 50°, at the rated engine speed; measure the time required for full extension (retraction) of the boom without load and the maximum oil pressure value. For those that require manual or mechanical assistance to achieve extension and retraction, the extension (retraction) time and maximum oil pressure value are allowed to be measured in stages. Note: When measuring the above power parameters, automatic recording instruments should be used as much as possible to record the changes in starting, braking and the entire process. 88. The determination of the minimum stable speed (which shall comply with the provisions of Article 7 of this standard) is based on the maximum rated lifting weight of the basic boom at the rated amplitude. Operate the gate and other mechanisms that operate the movement speed to make the lifting, lowering and left and right rotation movements reach the lowest possible stable speed. Determine the time required for the hook speed to pass a certain distance. The lifting movement distance shall not be less than 1 meter, and the rotation angle shall not be less than 180°. Calculate the minimum stable speed during lifting, lowering and rotation respectively. 89. Hoisting operation performance test (shall comply with the provisions of Article 26 of this standard) (1) Hoisting mechanism, slewing mechanism
Lift the maximum rated lifting weight at the minimum working range with the basic arm to a height of about 1 meter and then stop. Move the operating handle to the lifting, lowering or slewing position. When the weight moves slightly, brake immediately. Operate 10 times continuously, measure the cumulative lifting and lowering distance or slewing arc length of the weight, and calculate the average lifting and lowering displacement or slewing angle of the weight per action. (2) Luffing mechanism
Lift the rated lifting weight at the working range with the basic arm at an elevation angle of 50 to a height of about 1 meter and then stop. Move the handle to the lifting (lowering) arm position. When the weight moves slightly, brake immediately. Raise (lower) the arm 10 times continuously, measure the cumulative horizontal movement distance of the weight, and calculate the average horizontal displacement of the lifting (lowering) arm per action. 90. Determination of support reaction force
The maximum rated lifting weight is lifted to a certain height basically under the corresponding rated amplitude, and then rotated within the lifting operation area. Use an oil pressure gauge or other measurement methods to measure the pressure of each support point (tire, pad, outrigger plate) on the ground when the boom is at different positions within the operation area, draw a "support pressure-boom orientation relationship" curve, and calculate the specific pressure of the outrigger plate and other parts on the ground. Cranes that are used for outrigger operations need to measure the three-point support and four-point support conditions respectively. Before lifting heavy objects: the boom is located in the front or rear, and the four outriggers are adjusted to bear force under the condition that the inclination of the crane's slewing support surface is less than the specified value. When the reaction forces of the outriggers symmetrical to the longitudinal axis are equal (the center of gravity is on the longitudinal axis) or distributed proportionally (the center of gravity deviates from the longitudinal axis), it is a four-point support. When one of the four outriggers is not under force, it is a three-point support. 91. Lifting travel test
When the minimum lifting amplitude is used, the load allowed for lifting travel is at the front of the travel direction. Under the road conditions specified in the product manual, the crane moves forward and backward at the specified travel speed for 500 meters, including two turns to the left and right. During the lifting travel, observe whether the braking, steering and stability of the whole machine are good. 92. Lifting operation stability test (should comply with the provisions of Articles 19 and 20 of this standard) Total 25 pages Page 1
The crane is located in the direction with the worst stability (generally the positive side). In the section where the lifting capacity is determined by stability, at least three amplitudes (large, medium and small) should be tested for each arm length. Either of the following two methods can be used. (1) Inspection test
After selecting the test amplitude for each arm length, calculate the test load Q according to the following formula. Lift Q and adjust the amplitude to the corresponding test amplitude. After the test load stops, check whether the crane has reached the critical state of stability. Q-KXQ total
(2) Determination of stability safety factor
At each selected test amplitude, hoist a test load equal to or slightly less than Q. If the crane still does not reach the critical state of stability, use the method of slow arm drop or small weight snake to gradually load the crane to reach the critical state of stability. Measure the actual total lifting weight of the amplitude box at this time, calculate the safety factor K, and draw the "amplitude-stability safety factor" curve for each arm length based on the K value measured at each test amplitude.
93. Hydraulic system test (shall comply with the provisions of Articles 45, 46, 47, 48, and 51 of this standard) (1) Referring to the working conditions specified in Articles 77 (1), 78 (1) (2) (3) and 79 of this standard, measure the working speed (or flow) and dynamic oil pressure at the inlet and outlet of the main components of the hydraulic system such as the oil pump, oil motor, and oil cylinder valve. Record and calculate: a. The opening pressure of the balance valve when lowering, lowering, and retracting the arm: b. Pressure loss from the oil pump to the working element of each oil circuit c. Peak pressure when starting the brake;
d. Calculate the system flow loss based on the measured working speed or flow. (2) Support capacity test
With the basic arm and the longest arm. Make the boom above the support center of a certain rear leg. The test load is 1.25 times the maximum rated lifting weight of the arm length, and ensure the corresponding rated amplitude. After the test load stops in the air, the engine is turned off and stopped. Measure the initial extension of the piston rod of each cylinder. After one hour, measure the final extension of the piston rod of each cylinder. Calculate the retraction of the piston rod of each cylinder. 94. Stress determination of steel structure (shall comply with the provisions of Article 14 of this standard) (1) The crane should be inspected and adjusted before testing, and tested under rated load to release the residual stress that may be generated during the manufacturing process.
Before the test, use the method of hitting the legs or adding pads to level the crane in the unloaded state, and make the inclination of the pin shaft at the root of the boom less than 0.1%. (2) Instruments: static strain gauges, dynamic strain gauges, resistance strain gauges and instruments for recording strain values, etc. (3) Prepare the test outline with reference to Table 6
to conduct structural stress analysis, determine the high stress area, stress concentration area, elastic bending area of rods and plates, number each measuring point, determine the pasting position of strain gauges or strain rosettes on the measuring point, and draw a measuring point distribution map. Calculate the design stress value of each measuring point under each test condition, including the stress caused by the deadweight of the structure and the stress caused by the load, and list them in Table 9.
If necessary, the yield limit s, strength limit Ub, elastic modulus E and poise ratio u of the structural material should be verified.
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